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{{Short description|British Archdeacon of Manchester (1836-1931)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{infobox person
[[File:James Wilson.jpg|thumb|James Wilson, Archdeacon of Manchester, 1890]]<ref>{{cite journal |title=The New Archdeacon of Manchester |journal=Manchester Faces and Places |date=10 October 1890 |volume=II |issue=1 |page=2}}</ref>
| honorific_prefix =
'''James Maurice Wilson''' (6 November 1836, Castletown, [[Isle of Man]] – 15 April 1931, Steep, Petersfield, Hampshire, England) was a British priest in the [[Church of England]] as well as a theologian, teacher and [[astronomer]].
| name = {{nowrap|James Maurice Wilson}}
| honorific_suffix =
| image = James Wilson, Archdeacon of Manchester, 1890.jpg
| caption = James Wilson, Archdeacon of Manchester, 1890
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1836|11|6}}
| birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Castletown, Isle of Man]]}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1931|4|15|1836|11|6}}
| death_place = [[Steep, Hampshire]], England
| resting_place =
| education = [[King William's College]]<br>[[Sedbergh School]]
| alma_mater = [[St. John's College, Cambridge]]
| father = {{nowrap|Edward Wilson}}
| mother =
| spouse = {{marriage|Annie Elizabeth Moore|1868|1878|end=died}}<br>{{marriage|Georgina Mary Talbot|1883}}
| children = 4
| occupation = {{nowrap|Priest, theologian & teacher}}
| relatives = [[Mona Wilson]] (daughter)<br>[[Arnold Talbot Wilson]] (son)<br>Hugh Stanley Wilson (son)<br>[[Steuart Wilson]] (son)
}}

'''James Maurice Wilson''' (6 November 1836, [[Castletown, Isle of Man]] – 15 April 1931, [[Steep, Hampshire]]) was a British priest in the [[Church of England]] as well as a [[Theology|theologian]], teacher and [[astronomer]].


==Early life==
==Early life==


Wilson and his twin brother, Edward Pears Wilson, attended [[King William's College]] on the [[Isle of Man]] from August 1848 to midsummer 1853 (his twin died in December 1856). Their father Edward, vicar of [[Nocton]] in Lincolnshire, had earlier been headmaster there. According to his autobiography, Wilson had a rather unhappy time at King William's College. He later studied at [[Sedbergh School]].
Wilson and his twin brother, Edward Pears Wilson, attended [[King William's College]] on the [[Isle of Man]] from August 1848 to midsummer 1853 (his twin died in December 1856). Their father Edward, vicar of [[Nocton]] in Lincolnshire, had earlier been headmaster there. According to his autobiography, Wilson had a rather unhappy time at King William's College. He later studied at [[Sedbergh School]] (between 1853-1855).


Wilson entered [[St. John's College, Cambridge|St John's College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], in 1855, where he was [[Senior Wrangler]] in 1859.<ref>{{acad|id=WL855JM|name=Wilson, James Maurice}}</ref> He received a [[Master of Arts]] degree in 1862 and was a fellow from 1859 to 1868.
Wilson entered [[St. John's College, Cambridge|St John's College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], in 1855, where he was [[Senior Wrangler]] in 1859.<ref>{{acad|id=WL855JM|name=Wilson, James Maurice}}</ref> He received a [[Master of Arts]] degree in 1862 and was a fellow from 1859 to 1868.
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While at Clifton, he successfully pushed for the creation of St Agnes Park in [[Bristol]], as part of a plan to improve the lives of the urban poor.
While at Clifton, he successfully pushed for the creation of St Agnes Park in [[Bristol]], as part of a plan to improve the lives of the urban poor.

In April 1890, he addressed girls at [[St Leonards School]], stressing the connection of religion with their possible role as university students and [[social workers]] whilst assisting women such as [[Octavia Hill]] to alleviate the plight of the "labouring masses, and in particular the (poor) women and girls of England".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Rev. James |title=Three Address to Girls at School|date=1890|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29343/29343-h/29343-h.htm |page=57|access-date=12 June 2023 |publisher=Clifton College, Bristol|quote=I remember Miss Octavia Hill once saying that she could get any quantity of money, and any quantity of enthusiasm, but that her difficulty was to get trained intelligence, either in men or women.}}</ref>


After his teaching career, he became Vicar of [[Rochdale]], [[Archdeacon of Manchester]] from 1890 to 1905, a canon of [[Worcester Cathedral]] from 1905 to 1926 and vice-dean of the cathedral. He was [[Hulsean Lectures|Hulsean lecturer]] at Cambridge in 1898; [[Lady Margaret Beaufort|Lady Margaret]] Preacher at Cambridge in 1900; and Lecturer in Pastoral Theology at Cambridge in 1902.
After his teaching career, he became Vicar of [[Rochdale]], [[Archdeacon of Manchester]] from 1890 to 1905, a canon of [[Worcester Cathedral]] from 1905 to 1926 and vice-dean of the cathedral. He was [[Hulsean Lectures|Hulsean lecturer]] at Cambridge in 1898; [[Lady Margaret Beaufort|Lady Margaret]] Preacher at Cambridge in 1900; and Lecturer in Pastoral Theology at Cambridge in 1902.
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==Family==
==Family==


In 1868 he married his first wife, Annie Elizabeth Moore. Their first child was the leading civil servant [[Mona Wilson]].<ref name=usemeagain>{{Cite book|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/70137|title=Mona Wilson|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/70137|year=2004}}</ref> His first wife died after giving birth to their fourth child in 1878. She was a cousin once removed of [[Arthur William Moore]], a proponent of the [[Manx language]].
In 1868 he married his first wife, Annie Elizabeth Moore. She was a cousin once removed of [[Arthur William Moore]], a proponent of the [[Manx language]]. Their first child was the leading civil servant [[Mona Wilson]].<ref name=usemeagain>{{Cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/70137|title=Mona Wilson|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/70137|year=2004}}</ref> His first wife died after giving birth to their fourth child in 1878.


In 1883 he married his second wife, Georgina Mary Talbot. Their sons included Sir [[Arnold Talbot Wilson]], who became a British colonial administrator in [[Baghdad]] and was killed in action in [[World War II]]; 2nd Lt. Hugh Stanley Wilson (1885&ndash;1915), who died in [[World War I]] and is buried in the military cemetery at [[Hébuterne]], [[Pas de Calais]]; and the tenor Sir [[Steuart Wilson]]. From his notes, Arnold and Steuart published the posthumous ''James M. Wilson: An Autobiography'' (London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1932)
In 1883 he married his second wife, Georgina Mary Talbot. Their sons included Sir [[Arnold Wilson]], who became a British colonial administrator in [[Baghdad]] and was killed in action in [[World War II]]; 2nd Lt. Hugh Stanley Wilson (1885–1915), who died in [[World War I]] and is buried in the military cemetery at [[Hébuterne]], [[Pas de Calais]]; and the tenor Sir [[Steuart Wilson]]. From his notes, Arnold and Steuart published the posthumous ''James M. Wilson: An Autobiography'' (London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1932).


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*[[Clifton College Register]]


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Wilson,+J.+M.+(James+Maurice) | name=James Maurice Wilson}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=33862| name=James Maurice Wilson}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=James Maurice Wilson |sopt=t}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=James Maurice Wilson |sopt=t}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
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|title= The senior wranglers of the University of Cambridge, from 1748 to 1907. With biographical, & c., notes
|title= The senior wranglers of the University of Cambridge, from 1748 to 1907. With biographical, & c., notes
|page=41
|page=41
|url=https://archive.org/stream/senoirwranglerso00nealrich#page/40/mode/2up |accessdate=4 March 2011
|url=https://archive.org/stream/senoirwranglerso00nealrich#page/40/mode/2up |access-date=4 March 2011
|publisher=Groom and Son
|publisher=Groom and Son
|location=Bury St. Edmunds
|location=Bury St. Edmunds
}}
}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/wi1931.htm|title=extract from James M. Wilson: An Autobiography 1836–1931|work=isle-of-man.com|accessdate=4 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624031340/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/wi1931.htm|archivedate=24 June 2009}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/wi1931.htm|title=extract from James M. Wilson: An Autobiography 1836–1931|work=isle-of-man.com|access-date=4 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624031340/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/wi1931.htm|archive-date=24 June 2009}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kwc1933/ch2.htm|title=A distinguished early group|work=isle-of-man.com|accessdate=4 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041119220954/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kwc1933/ch2.htm|archivedate=19 November 2004}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kwc1933/ch2.htm|title=A distinguished early group|work=isle-of-man.com|access-date=4 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041119220954/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kwc1933/ch2.htm|archive-date=19 November 2004}}
* [http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/fl/f177%7D1.htm One-paragraph biography]
* [http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/fl/f177%7D1.htm One-paragraph biography]
* {{cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kw1905/p046.htm|title=King William's College Register: entrances in August 1848|accessdate=4 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804133312/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kw1905/p046.htm|archivedate=4 August 2008}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kw1905/p046.htm|title=King William's College Register: entrances in August 1848|access-date=4 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804133312/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kw1905/p046.htm|archive-date=4 August 2008}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P30849|work=National Register of Archives|title=Wilson, James Maurice (1836–1931) Schoolmaster Scientist Antiquary Canon of Worcester|accessdate=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P30849|work=National Register of Archives|title=Wilson, James Maurice (1836–1931) Schoolmaster Scientist Antiquary Canon of Worcester|access-date=4 March 2011}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110826055704/http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/society/history/page6022.html Mention of an obituary in 1932 QJ 88 (Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of the UK), not online]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110826055704/http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/society/history/page6022.html Mention of an obituary in 1932 QJ 88 (Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of the UK), not online]
* {{cite journal|bibcode=1991JBAA..101..343M|journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association|title=The 8{{fraction|1|4}}-inch refractor of the Temple Observatory, Rugby|volume=101|issue=6|pages=343–350|last=Marriott|first=R. A.|date=1991|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/JBAA./0101//0000343.000.html|accessdate=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite journal|bibcode=1991JBAA..101..343M|journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association|title=The 8 1/4-inch refractor of the Temple Observatory, Rugby|volume=101|issue=6|pages=343–350|last=Marriott|first=R. A.|date=1991|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/JBAA./0101//0000343.000.html|access-date=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.wpr3.co.uk/gazette/1909-19.html|title=The Mathematical Gazette Index for 1909 to 1919|accessdate=4 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828135249/http://www.wpr3.co.uk/gazette/1909-19.html|archivedate=28 August 2008}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.wpr3.co.uk/gazette/1909-19.html|title=The Mathematical Gazette Index for 1909 to 1919|access-date=4 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828135249/http://www.wpr3.co.uk/gazette/1909-19.html|archive-date=28 August 2008}}
* {{cite book|title=A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom|authorlink=Andrew Dickson White|last=White|first=Andrew Dickson|page=106|quote=In two very remarkable lectures given in 1892 at the parish church of Rochdale, Wilson, Archdeacon of Manchester, not only accepted Darwinism as true, but wrought it with great argumentative power into a higher view of Christianity; and what is of great significance, these sermons were published by the same Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge which only a few years before had published the most bitter attacks against the Darwinian theory.|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/505/505-h/505-h.htm|accessdate=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite book|title=A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom|authorlink=Andrew Dickson White|last=White|first=Andrew Dickson|page=106|quote=In two very remarkable lectures given in 1892 at the parish church of Rochdale, Wilson, Archdeacon of Manchester, not only accepted Darwinism as true, but wrought it with great argumentative power into a higher view of Christianity; and what is of great significance, these sermons were published by the same Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge which only a few years before had published the most bitter attacks against the Darwinian theory.|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/505/505-h/505-h.htm|access-date=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite journal|title=Obituary:The Ven. Dr. J. M. Wilson|journal=Nature|volume=127|pages=824–825|date=30 May 1931|doi=10.1038/127824a0|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v127/n3213/abs/127824a0.html|accessdate=4 March 2011|issue=3213|bibcode = 1931Natur.127..824W |last1=V|first1=W. W.}}
* {{cite journal|title=Obituary:The Ven. Dr. J. M. Wilson|journal=Nature|volume=127|pages=824–825|date=30 May 1931|doi=10.1038/127824a0|issue=3213|bibcode = 1931Natur.127..824W |last1=V|first1=W. W.|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/elementarygeome03wilsgoog|last=Wilson|first=J. M.|title=Elementary Geometry|date=1868|publisher=Macmillan & Co.|location=London|accessdate=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/elementarygeome03wilsgoog|last=Wilson|first=J. M.|title=Elementary Geometry|date=1868|publisher=Macmillan & Co.|location=London|access-date=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp83114|title=James Maurice Wilson|work=National Portrait Gallery|accessdate=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp83114|title=James Maurice Wilson|work=National Portrait Gallery|access-date=4 March 2011}}
* {{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=167YFAML_o4C&pg=PA604&lpg=PA604|author=William Brock|date=8 September 1977|title=Founding fathers of science education (5): Formalising science in the school curriculum|journal=[[New Scientist]]|volume=75|issue=1068|pages=604&ndash;605|accessdate=13 February 2011}}
* {{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=167YFAML_o4C&pg=PA604|author=William Brock|date=8 September 1977|title=Founding fathers of science education (5): Formalising science in the school curriculum|journal=[[New Scientist]]|volume=75|issue=1068|pages=604&ndash;605|access-date=13 February 2011}}
* [http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/manchesteruniversity/data/gb133-jmw James Maurice Wilson papers] at the [[John Rylands Library]], Manchester


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Percival (bishop)|John Percival]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Percival (bishop)|John Percival]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Clifton College#Headmasters|Headmaster of Clifton College]]
{{s-ttl|title=[[Clifton College#Headmasters|Headmaster of Clifton College]]|years=1879–1890}}
|years=1879–1890}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michael George Glazebrook]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michael George Glazebrook]]}}
{{s-bef|before=Sir [[Edmund Taylor Whittaker]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Mathematical Association|President of the Mathematical Association]]|years=1921}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Little Heath]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, James Maurice}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, James}}
[[Category:1836 births]]
[[Category:1836 births]]
[[Category:1931 deaths]]
[[Category:1931 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British astronomers]]
[[Category:19th-century British astronomers]]
[[Category:Archdeacons of Manchester]]
[[Category:Archdeacons of Manchester]]
[[Category:Headmasters of Clifton College]]
[[Category:Headmasters of Clifton College]]
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[[Category:Senior Wranglers]]
[[Category:Senior Wranglers]]
[[Category:People educated at King William's College]]
[[Category:People educated at King William's College]]
[[category:Manx people]]
[[Category:Manx people]]
[[Category:People educated at Sedbergh School]]

Latest revision as of 20:00, 30 October 2024

James Maurice Wilson
James Wilson, Archdeacon of Manchester, 1890
Born(1836-11-06)6 November 1836
Died15 April 1931(1931-04-15) (aged 94)
EducationKing William's College
Sedbergh School
Alma materSt. John's College, Cambridge
Occupation(s)Priest, theologian & teacher
Spouse(s)
Annie Elizabeth Moore
(m. 1868; died 1878)

Georgina Mary Talbot
(m. 1883)
Children4
FatherEdward Wilson
RelativesMona Wilson (daughter)
Arnold Talbot Wilson (son)
Hugh Stanley Wilson (son)
Steuart Wilson (son)

James Maurice Wilson (6 November 1836, Castletown, Isle of Man – 15 April 1931, Steep, Hampshire) was a British priest in the Church of England as well as a theologian, teacher and astronomer.

Early life

[edit]

Wilson and his twin brother, Edward Pears Wilson, attended King William's College on the Isle of Man from August 1848 to midsummer 1853 (his twin died in December 1856). Their father Edward, vicar of Nocton in Lincolnshire, had earlier been headmaster there. According to his autobiography, Wilson had a rather unhappy time at King William's College. He later studied at Sedbergh School (between 1853-1855).

Wilson entered St John's College, Cambridge, in 1855, where he was Senior Wrangler in 1859.[1] He received a Master of Arts degree in 1862 and was a fellow from 1859 to 1868.

Career

[edit]

Wilson was a major figure in the development and reform of Victorian public schools and promoted the teaching of science, which had until then been neglected. He was maths and science master at Rugby School from 1859 to 1879 and headmaster of Clifton College from 1879 to 1890.

He made astronomical observations (particularly of double stars) at Temple Observatory at Rugby with his former student George Mitchell Seabroke. Temple Observatory was named after Frederick Temple, headmaster of Rugby School, who later became Bishop of Exeter and Archbishop of Canterbury.

Wilson was encouraged by Temple to write the textbook Elementary Geometry, which was published in 1868. Until that time, Euclid's Elements had remained the standard textbook used in British schools.

With Joseph Gledhill and Edward Crossley, Wilson co-wrote Handbook of Double Stars in 1879, which became a standard reference work in astronomy. His astronomical observations seem to have come to an end after he left Rugby and went to Clifton.

While at Clifton, he successfully pushed for the creation of St Agnes Park in Bristol, as part of a plan to improve the lives of the urban poor.

In April 1890, he addressed girls at St Leonards School, stressing the connection of religion with their possible role as university students and social workers whilst assisting women such as Octavia Hill to alleviate the plight of the "labouring masses, and in particular the (poor) women and girls of England".[2]

After his teaching career, he became Vicar of Rochdale, Archdeacon of Manchester from 1890 to 1905, a canon of Worcester Cathedral from 1905 to 1926 and vice-dean of the cathedral. He was Hulsean lecturer at Cambridge in 1898; Lady Margaret Preacher at Cambridge in 1900; and Lecturer in Pastoral Theology at Cambridge in 1902.

He wholeheartedly accepted the theory of evolution and its implications for the literal interpretation of the Bible. He gave two lectures in 1892 in which he accepted Darwinism and argued that it was compatible with a higher view of Christianity; the lectures were published by the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, which had a few years earlier strongly opposed Darwinian ideas.

In 1921, he served for one year as president of The Mathematical Association of the UK.

In 1925 he wrote an essay entitled "The Religious Effect of the Idea of Evolution". He wrote a number of books, including Life after Death "with replies by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle" in 1920. In addition to spiritual works, he co-wrote an astronomy book on double stars (mentioned above) and mathematical books on geometry and conic sections. He contributed the article "On two fragments of geometrical treatises found in Worcester Cathedral" to the Mathematical Gazette (March 1911, p. 19).

Family

[edit]

In 1868 he married his first wife, Annie Elizabeth Moore. She was a cousin once removed of Arthur William Moore, a proponent of the Manx language. Their first child was the leading civil servant Mona Wilson.[3] His first wife died after giving birth to their fourth child in 1878.

In 1883 he married his second wife, Georgina Mary Talbot. Their sons included Sir Arnold Wilson, who became a British colonial administrator in Baghdad and was killed in action in World War II; 2nd Lt. Hugh Stanley Wilson (1885–1915), who died in World War I and is buried in the military cemetery at Hébuterne, Pas de Calais; and the tenor Sir Steuart Wilson. From his notes, Arnold and Steuart published the posthumous James M. Wilson: An Autobiography (London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1932).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Wilson, James Maurice (WL855JM)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ^ Wilson, Rev. James (1890). Three Address to Girls at School. Clifton College, Bristol. p. 57. Retrieved 12 June 2023. I remember Miss Octavia Hill once saying that she could get any quantity of money, and any quantity of enthusiasm, but that her difficulty was to get trained intelligence, either in men or women.
  3. ^ "Mona Wilson". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/70137. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
[edit]
Academic offices
Preceded by Headmaster of Clifton College
1879–1890
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the Mathematical Association
1921
Succeeded by