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{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{Short description|English courtier}}{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{More footnotes|date=May 2016}}
{{More footnotes|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox noble|type
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = Abigail Masham
| title = ''The Lady Masham''
| name = The Lady Masham
| image = File:Abigail Masham portrait.jpg
| image = File:Abigail Masham portrait.jpg
| caption =
| office = [[Keeper of the Privy Purse]]
| alt =
| term_start = 1711
| CoA =
| term_end = 1714
| more = no
| monarch = [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]]
| predecessor = [[Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough|The Duchess of Marlborough]]
⚫
| reign =
| reign-type =
| successor = Caspar Henning
⚫
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Samuel Masham, 1st Baron Masham|Samuel Masham]]|1707}}
| predecessor =
| successor =
| children = 5
| suc-type =
| parents = Francis Hill<br />Elizabeth Jennings
| succession =
| birth_name = Abigail Hill
⚫
| birth_date = c. 1670
⚫
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Samuel Masham, 1st Baron Masham|Samuel Masham]]|1707}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[London]], [[Kingdom of England|England]]
| spouse-type = Spouse
⚫
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1734|12|06}} (aged c. 64)
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| death_place = [[High Laver]], Essex, England
| full name =
| resting_place = [[High Laver]], Essex
| styles =
| titles =
| noble family =
| house-type =
| father = Francis Hill
| mother = Elizabeth Jennings
|birth_name=Abigail Hill
| birth_date = c.1670
⚫
| birth_place = [[London]], [[Kingdom of England|England]]
| christening_date =
| christening_place =
⚫
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|1734|12|06}} (aged c. 64)
| death_place = [[High Laver]], Essex, England
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| occupation = [[Keeper of the Privy Purse]] <br/> 1711–1714
}}
}}


'''Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham''' (''née'' '''Hill'''; {{Circa|1670}}{{snd}}6 December 1734), was an English courtier. She was a [[favourite]] of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]], and a cousin of [[Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough]].
'''Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham''' (née '''Hill'''; {{Circa|1670}}{{snd}}6 December 1734), was an English courtier. She was a [[favourite]] of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]], and a cousin of [[Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough|Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough]].


==Life==
==Life==
===Early life===
===Early life===
Abigail Hill was the daughter of Francis Hill, a London merchant, and Elizabeth Hill (née Jennings). Elizabeth Hill was an aunt of [[Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough|Sarah Jennings]], later [[Duke of Marlborough (title)|Duchess of Marlborough]]. The family was reduced to poor circumstances through her father's speculations,<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Masham, Abigail, Lady|volume=17|pages=836–837}}</ref> and Abigail was forced to work as a servant of Sir John Rivers of [[Kent]].
Abigail Hill was the daughter of Francis Hill, a London merchant, and Elizabeth Hill (née Jennings). Elizabeth Hill was an aunt of [[Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough|Sarah Jennings]], later [[Duke of Marlborough (title)|Duchess of Marlborough]]. The family was reduced to poor circumstances through her father's speculations,<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Masham, Abigail, Lady|volume=17|pages=836–837}}</ref> and Abigail was forced to work as a servant for Sir John [[Rivers baronets|Rivers of Kent]].


Abigail was befriended by her first cousin Sarah Jennings, or Lady Churchill (as the duchess was then known), who was [[Lady of the Bedchamber]] to Princess Anne. Sarah's friendship towards Abigail may have derived from embarrassment that her cousin had fallen on such hard times rather than being based on any genuine affection.
Abigail was befriended by her first cousin Sarah Jennings, or Lady Churchill (as the duchess was then known), who was [[Lady of the Bedchamber]] to Princess Anne. Sarah's friendship towards Abigail may have derived from embarrassment that her cousin had fallen on such hard times rather than being based on any genuine affection.


Sarah Churchill's claim that she had only recently, and quite by chance, become aware of Abigail's existence was justifiable, as their mutual grandfather [[John Jennings (St Albans MP)|Sir John Jennings]] had 22 children, and Sarah may well not have known of all her numerous cousins.<ref>{{cite book|first=Edward|last=Gregg|title=Queen Anne|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|location=New Haven, Connecticut|date=1980|ISBN=978-0300090246|page=112}}</ref> Sarah Churchill took Abigail into her own household at [[St. Albans]]. After the accession of Princess Anne to the throne in 1702, Abigail procured an appointment in the Queen's Household about the year 1704.<ref name="EB1911"/>
Sarah Churchill's claim that she had only recently, and quite by chance, become aware of Abigail's existence was justifiable, as their mutual grandfather [[John Jennings (St Albans MP)|Sir John Jennings]] had 22 children, and Sarah may well not have known of all her numerous first cousins.<ref>{{cite book|first=Edward|last=Gregg|title=Queen Anne|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|location=New Haven, Connecticut|date=1980|isbn=978-0300090246|page=112}}</ref> Sarah Churchill took Abigail into her own household at [[St. Albans]]. After the accession of Princess Anne to the throne in 1702, Abigail received an appointment in the Queen's Household about the year 1704.<ref name="EB1911"/>


===The Queen's Favourite===
===The Queen's favourite===
By 1704, the Queen had grown weary of both the frequent absences of [[Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough|Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough]] (as Sarah had now become), from the Court and her political lectures. There was a significant difference between them because Sarah, the Duchess, was a [[British Whig Party|Whig]] and Anne was a [[Tories (British political party)|Tory]]. Sarah wanted Queen Anne to appoint more Whig ministers, the majority of whom were in favour of [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|The 1st Duke of Marlborough]]'s wars. The Queen, not prepared to abandon the "Church Party" (as the Tories were commonly known, and religion being Anne's chief concern) even for her favourite, confided to her [[Lord Treasurer]], [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin|The 1st Earl of Godolphin]], that she did not feel that she and Sarah could ever be true friends again.<ref>Gregg p.193</ref>
By 1704, the Queen had grown weary of both the frequent absences of [[Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough|Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough]] (as Sarah had now become), from the Court and her political lectures. There was a significant difference between them because Sarah, the Duchess, was a [[British Whig Party|Whig]] and Anne was a [[Tories (British political party)|Tory]]. Sarah wanted Queen Anne to appoint more Whig ministers, the majority of whom were in favour of the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|1st Duke of Marlborough]]'s campaigns in [[The War Of Spanish Succession]]. The Queen, not prepared to abandon the "Church Party" (as the Tories were commonly known, and religion being Anne's chief concern) even for her favourite, confided to her [[Lord Treasurer]], the [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin|1st Earl of Godolphin]], that she did not feel that she and Sarah could ever be true friends again.<ref>Gregg p.193</ref>


It was not long before Abigail Hill began to supplant her powerful and imperious kinswoman in the favour of Queen Anne. Whether Abigail was guilty of the deliberate ingratitude charged against her by Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, is uncertain. It is likely that Abigail's influence over the Queen was not so much due to subtle scheming on her part as to the contrast between her gentle and genial character and the stronger temper of the duchess: Sarah's influence, after many years of undisputed sway, had perhaps finally become intolerable to the Queen.<ref name="EB1911"/>
It was not long before Abigail Hill began to supplant her powerful and imperious kinswoman in the favour of Queen Anne. Whether Abigail was guilty of the deliberate ingratitude charged against her by Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, is uncertain. It is likely that Abigail's influence over the Queen was not so much due to subtle scheming on her part as to the contrast between her gentle and genial character and the stronger temper of the Duchess: Sarah's influence, after many years of undisputed sway, had perhaps finally become intolerable to the Queen.<ref name="EB1911"/>


The first intimation that Sarah Marlborough had of her protégée's growing favour with the Queen came to her in the summer of 1707. She learned that Abigail Hill had been privately married to a [[Samuel Masham, 1st Baron Masham|Samuel Masham]], a gentleman of the Queen's Household: the Queen had been present at the marriage. Sarah then found out that Abigail had, for some time, enjoyed considerable intimacy with her royal mistress, no hint of which had previously reached the duchess. Abigail was also, on her father's side, a cousin of [[Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer|Robert Harley]] (his mother Abigail Stephens was a niece of her grandmother, also named Abigail Stephens), and after Harley's dismissal from office in February 1708, she assisted him in maintaining confidential relations with the Queen. Harley was later created, in May 1711, The 1st [[Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer]].
The first intimation that Sarah Churchill had of her protégée's growing favour with the Queen came to her in the summer of 1707. She learned that Abigail Hill had been privately married to [[Samuel Masham, 1st Baron Masham|Samuel Masham]], a gentleman of the Queen's Household: the Queen had been present at the marriage. Sarah then found out that Abigail had, for some time, enjoyed considerable intimacy with her royal mistress, no hint of which had previously reached the Duchess. Abigail was also, on her father's side, a cousin of [[Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer|Robert Harley]] (his mother Abigail Stephens was a niece of her grandmother, also named Abigail Stephens), and after Harley's dismissal from office in February 1708, she assisted him in maintaining confidential relations with the Queen. Harley was later created, in May 1711, the 1st [[Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer]].


The completeness of Abigail's ascendancy was seen in 1710 when the Queen compelled [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Marlborough]], much against his will, to give an important command to [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] [[John Hill (courtier)|John Hill]], Abigail's brother. [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland|Sunderland]], [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin|Godolphin]], and the other [[British Whig Party|Whig]] ministers were soon dismissed from office, largely through Abigail's influence, to make way for Harley and [[Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke|Bolingbroke]].<ref name="EB1911"/>
The completion of Abigail's ascendancy was seen in 1710 when the Queen compelled [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Marlborough]], much against his will, to give an important command to [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] [[John Hill (courtier)|John Hill]], Abigail's brother. [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland|Sunderland]], [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin|Godolphin]], and the other [[British Whig Party|Whig]] ministers were soon dismissed from office, largely through Abigail's influence, to make way for Harley and [[Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke|Bolingbroke]].<ref name="EB1911"/>


In the following year, although she was [[Duke of Marlborough (title)|Duchess of Marlborough]], Sarah was dismissed from Court. Abigail, now known as Lady Masham, took her place as [[Keeper of the Privy Purse]]. In 1711, the ministers, intent on bringing about the disgrace of Marlborough and arranging the [[Peace of Utrecht]], found it necessary to secure their position in the [[House of Lords]] by creating twelve new peers. One of them was Samuel Masham, Abigail's husband, who was created [[Baron Masham]], though the Queen showed some reluctance to raise her bedchamber woman to a position in which she might prove herself less ready to give her personal services to the Queen.
In the following year, although she was [[Duke of Marlborough (title)|Duchess of Marlborough]], Sarah was dismissed from Court. Abigail, now known as Lady Masham, took her place as [[Keeper of the Privy Purse]]. In 1711, the ministers, intent on bringing about the disgrace of Marlborough and arranging the [[Peace of Utrecht]], found it necessary to secure their position in the [[House of Lords]] by creating 12 new peers known as [[Harley's Dozen]]. One of them was Samuel Masham, Abigail's husband, who was created [[Baron Masham]], though the Queen showed some reluctance to raise her bedchamber woman to a position in which she might prove herself less ready to give her personal services to the Queen. Lady Masham remained as a [[Woman of the Bedchamber]] as of 1713.<ref name="WB">{{cite web |title=Warrant Books: April 1713, 1-15 Pages 169-184 Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 27, 1713. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1955. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-treasury-books/vol27/pp169-184 |website=British History Online |access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref>


Abigail soon quarreled with Harley, who was now known as Lord Oxford and Mortimer, and set herself to foster by all the means in her power the Queen's growing personal distaste for her minister. Harley's vacillation between the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]] and the adherents of the [[Act of Settlement 1701|Hanoverian succession]] to [[the Crown]] probably strengthened the opposition of Abigail, who now warmly favoured the Jacobite party led by Bolingbroke and [[Francis Atterbury]].
Abigail soon quarrelled with Harley, who was now known as Lord Oxford and Mortimer, and set herself to foster by all the means in her power the Queen's growing personal distaste for her minister. Harley's vacillation between the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]] and the adherents of the [[Act of Settlement 1701|Hanoverian succession]] to [[the Crown]] probably strengthened the opposition of Abigail, who now warmly favoured the Jacobite party led by Bolingbroke and [[Francis Atterbury]].


Altercations took place in the Queen's presence between Abigail and the minister. Finally, on 27 July 1714, Anne dismissed [[Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer|Lord Oxford and Mortimer]] (as Harley was now known) from his office of [[Lord High Treasurer]], and three days later gave the staff to [[Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury|The 1st Duke of Shrewsbury]]. Anne died on 1 August 1714, aged 49. Abigail then retired into private life and lived quietly at her country house Otes until her death in 1734.<ref name="EB1911"/> She is buried in the churchyard of All Saints in the village of [[High Laver]] in Essex.
Altercations took place in the Queen's presence between Abigail and the minister. Finally, on 27 July 1714, Anne dismissed [[Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer|Lord Oxford and Mortimer]] (as Harley was now known) from his office of [[Lord High Treasurer]], and three days later gave the staff to the [[Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury|1st Duke of Shrewsbury]]. Anne died on 1 August 1714, aged 49. Abigail then retired into private life and lived quietly at her country house Otes until her death in 1734.<ref name="EB1911"/> She is buried in the churchyard of All Saints in the village of [[High Laver]] in Essex.


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
Abigail Masham is portrayed by American actress [[Emma Stone]] in the 2018 film ''[[The Favourite]]''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Eric|last=Kohn|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/09/yorgos-lanthimos-the-favourite-lesbian-love-triangle-1201999899/|title=Yorgos Lanthimos on the Lesbian Love Triangle of 'The Favourite': 'I Didn't Want This to Become an Issue'|magazine=[[IndieWire]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|location=Los Angeles, California|date=September 3, 2018|accessdate=September 3, 2018}}</ref>
Abigail Masham is portrayed by American actress [[Emma Stone]] in the 2018 film ''[[The Favourite]]''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Eric|last=Kohn|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/09/yorgos-lanthimos-the-favourite-lesbian-love-triangle-1201999899/|title=Yorgos Lanthimos on the Lesbian Love Triangle of 'The Favourite': 'I Didn't Want This to Become an Issue'|magazine=[[IndieWire]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|location=Los Angeles, California|date=September 3, 2018|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref> She is also portrayed by Svetlana Smirnova in the 1979 Soviet movie ''[[A Glass of Water (1979 film)|A Glass of Water]]'', based on an 1840 [[The Glass of Water|play of the same name]]. She is portrayed by [[Jill Balcon]] in the 1969 BBC series ''The First Churchills''.
The story is also portrayed in the 1979 Soviet movie ''[[A Glass of Water (1979 film)|A Glass of Water]]''. She is portrayed by Jill Balcon in the 1969 BBC series ''The First Churchills''.


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


== References ==
== References ==
*''[[Mistress Masham's Repose]]'' by [[T.H. White]] (published in 1946) makes specific reference to Abigail, Baroness Masham.
*''[[Mistress Masham's Repose]]'' by [[T.H. White]] (published in 1946) makes specific reference to Abigail, Baroness Masham.
* ''That Enchantress: Life of Abigail Hill, Lady Marsham'' by [[Doris Leslie]] (1950)
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw04289/Unknown-woman-formerly-known-as-Abigail-ne-Hill-Lady-Masham Unknown woman, formerly known as Abigail Hill], [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]]
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw04289/Unknown-woman-formerly-known-as-Abigail-ne-Hill-Lady-Masham Unknown woman, formerly known as Abigail Hill], [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052601/http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=26&Desc=Abigail-Lady-Masham-%7C--English-School Lady Masham – English School] – identified by comparison with the NPG portrait
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052601/http://www.historicalportraits.com/Gallery.asp?Page=Item&ItemID=26&Desc=Abigail-Lady-Masham-%7C--English-School Lady Masham – English School] – identified by comparison with the NPG portrait
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Masham, Abigail Masham, Baroness}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Masham, Abigail Masham, Baroness}}
[[Category:1670 births]]
[[Category:1670s births]]
[[Category:1734 deaths]]
[[Category:1734 deaths]]
[[Category:People from London]]
[[Category:People from London]]
[[Category:British and English royal favourites]]
[[Category:British and English royal favourites]]
[[Category:British baronesses]]
[[Category:British baronesses]]
[[Category:Members of the British Royal Household]]
[[Category:Court of Anne, Queen of Great Britain]]

Latest revision as of 03:05, 29 August 2024

The Right Honourable
The Lady Masham
Keeper of the Privy Purse
In office
1711–1714
MonarchAnne
Preceded byThe Duchess of Marlborough
Succeeded byCaspar Henning
Personal details
Born
Abigail Hill

c. 1670
London, England
Died(1734-12-06)6 December 1734 (aged c. 64)
High Laver, Essex, England
Resting placeHigh Laver, Essex
Spouse
​
(m. 1707)​
Children5
Parent(s)Francis Hill
Elizabeth Jennings

Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham (née Hill; c. 1670 – 6 December 1734), was an English courtier. She was a favourite of Queen Anne, and a cousin of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough.

Life

[edit]

Early life

[edit]

Abigail Hill was the daughter of Francis Hill, a London merchant, and Elizabeth Hill (née Jennings). Elizabeth Hill was an aunt of Sarah Jennings, later Duchess of Marlborough. The family was reduced to poor circumstances through her father's speculations,[1] and Abigail was forced to work as a servant for Sir John Rivers of Kent.

Abigail was befriended by her first cousin Sarah Jennings, or Lady Churchill (as the duchess was then known), who was Lady of the Bedchamber to Princess Anne. Sarah's friendship towards Abigail may have derived from embarrassment that her cousin had fallen on such hard times rather than being based on any genuine affection.

Sarah Churchill's claim that she had only recently, and quite by chance, become aware of Abigail's existence was justifiable, as their mutual grandfather Sir John Jennings had 22 children, and Sarah may well not have known of all her numerous first cousins.[2] Sarah Churchill took Abigail into her own household at St. Albans. After the accession of Princess Anne to the throne in 1702, Abigail received an appointment in the Queen's Household about the year 1704.[1]

The Queen's favourite

[edit]

By 1704, the Queen had grown weary of both the frequent absences of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (as Sarah had now become), from the Court and her political lectures. There was a significant difference between them because Sarah, the Duchess, was a Whig and Anne was a Tory. Sarah wanted Queen Anne to appoint more Whig ministers, the majority of whom were in favour of the 1st Duke of Marlborough's campaigns in The War Of Spanish Succession. The Queen, not prepared to abandon the "Church Party" (as the Tories were commonly known, and religion being Anne's chief concern) even for her favourite, confided to her Lord Treasurer, the 1st Earl of Godolphin, that she did not feel that she and Sarah could ever be true friends again.[3]

It was not long before Abigail Hill began to supplant her powerful and imperious kinswoman in the favour of Queen Anne. Whether Abigail was guilty of the deliberate ingratitude charged against her by Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, is uncertain. It is likely that Abigail's influence over the Queen was not so much due to subtle scheming on her part as to the contrast between her gentle and genial character and the stronger temper of the Duchess: Sarah's influence, after many years of undisputed sway, had perhaps finally become intolerable to the Queen.[1]

The first intimation that Sarah Churchill had of her protégée's growing favour with the Queen came to her in the summer of 1707. She learned that Abigail Hill had been privately married to Samuel Masham, a gentleman of the Queen's Household: the Queen had been present at the marriage. Sarah then found out that Abigail had, for some time, enjoyed considerable intimacy with her royal mistress, no hint of which had previously reached the Duchess. Abigail was also, on her father's side, a cousin of Robert Harley (his mother Abigail Stephens was a niece of her grandmother, also named Abigail Stephens), and after Harley's dismissal from office in February 1708, she assisted him in maintaining confidential relations with the Queen. Harley was later created, in May 1711, the 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer.

The completion of Abigail's ascendancy was seen in 1710 when the Queen compelled Marlborough, much against his will, to give an important command to Colonel John Hill, Abigail's brother. Sunderland, Godolphin, and the other Whig ministers were soon dismissed from office, largely through Abigail's influence, to make way for Harley and Bolingbroke.[1]

In the following year, although she was Duchess of Marlborough, Sarah was dismissed from Court. Abigail, now known as Lady Masham, took her place as Keeper of the Privy Purse. In 1711, the ministers, intent on bringing about the disgrace of Marlborough and arranging the Peace of Utrecht, found it necessary to secure their position in the House of Lords by creating 12 new peers known as Harley's Dozen. One of them was Samuel Masham, Abigail's husband, who was created Baron Masham, though the Queen showed some reluctance to raise her bedchamber woman to a position in which she might prove herself less ready to give her personal services to the Queen. Lady Masham remained as a Woman of the Bedchamber as of 1713.[4]

Abigail soon quarrelled with Harley, who was now known as Lord Oxford and Mortimer, and set herself to foster by all the means in her power the Queen's growing personal distaste for her minister. Harley's vacillation between the Jacobites and the adherents of the Hanoverian succession to the Crown probably strengthened the opposition of Abigail, who now warmly favoured the Jacobite party led by Bolingbroke and Francis Atterbury.

Altercations took place in the Queen's presence between Abigail and the minister. Finally, on 27 July 1714, Anne dismissed Lord Oxford and Mortimer (as Harley was now known) from his office of Lord High Treasurer, and three days later gave the staff to the 1st Duke of Shrewsbury. Anne died on 1 August 1714, aged 49. Abigail then retired into private life and lived quietly at her country house Otes until her death in 1734.[1] She is buried in the churchyard of All Saints in the village of High Laver in Essex.

[edit]

Abigail Masham is portrayed by American actress Emma Stone in the 2018 film The Favourite.[5] She is also portrayed by Svetlana Smirnova in the 1979 Soviet movie A Glass of Water, based on an 1840 play of the same name. She is portrayed by Jill Balcon in the 1969 BBC series The First Churchills.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Masham, Abigail, Lady". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 836–837.
  2. ^ Gregg, Edward (1980). Queen Anne. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0300090246.
  3. ^ Gregg p.193
  4. ^ "Warrant Books: April 1713, 1-15 Pages 169-184 Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 27, 1713. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1955". British History Online. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  5. ^ Kohn, Eric (3 September 2018). "Yorgos Lanthimos on the Lesbian Love Triangle of 'The Favourite': 'I Didn't Want This to Become an Issue'". IndieWire. Los Angeles, California: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved 3 September 2018.

References

[edit]
Court offices
Preceded by Keeper of the Privy Purse
1711–1714 		Succeeded by
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