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{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
| party_name = Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
| party_logo = [[Image:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi banner.png|250px|[[List of political party symbols in India|Election symbol]] of VCK]]
| party_flag = [[Image:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi banner.png|250px|[[List of political party symbols in India|Election symbol]] of VCK]]
| colorcode = Red
| colorcode = {{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
| chairman = [[Thirumavalavan|Thol. Thirumavalavan]]
| chairman = [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]]
| Political position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-26 |title=Rift between MK Stalin's party and ally VCK in Tamil Nadu? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/tamil-nadu/story/mk-stalin-party-dmk-ally-vck-tamil-nadu-rift-speculation-2606344-2024-09-26 |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=India Today |language=en |quote=He said that Thirumavalavan, who strongly adheres to leftist ideologies rooted in Tamil history}}</ref>
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|234|hex=#DD1100}}
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|2|543|hex={{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}
| foundation = 1972
| state_seats_name = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| alliance = {{ubl|[[Tamil Maanila Congress|TMC+]] (1999)|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK+]] (2001-2004)|[[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|ADMK+]] (2006-2009)|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] (2009-2013, 2019-present)}}
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|4|234|hex={{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/tamil-nadu-polls-vck-wins-four-seats-including-two-general-constituencies-7301502/|title = Tamil Nadu polls: VCK wins four seats including two general constituencies|date = 4 May 2021}}</ref>
| ideology = [[Social democracy]]<br>[[Populism]]<br>[[Dravidian politics]]<br>[[Social equality]]
| foundation = 1982
| headquarters= [[Velachery]], [[Chennai]]
| alliance = *[[Third Front (India)|Third Front]] (1999–2001)
| website = {{URL|http://www.vck.in/}} {{ta icon}}
*[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]) (2001–2004)
|eci=}}
*[[Janata Dal (United)]] Alliance (2004–2006)
'''Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi''' ([[translation]]: ''Liberation Panther Party''; {{small|abbr.}} '''VCK''') is a [[Dravidian parties| Tamil Nationalist political party]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Strong-ingredients-of-Tamil-nationalism-in-VCK-manifesto/article14958584.ece|title=Strong ingredients of Tamil nationalism in VCK manifesto|date=March 24, 2011|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/tamil-nationalism-then-and-now/article4282662.ece|title=Tamil nationalism, then and now|website=Frontline}}</ref> Its chairman is [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]], a lawyer from [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-04-29/news/72704342_1_anti-conversion-law-dalit-tamil-nadu-bjp|title=Conversion weakens our nos., says TN’s dalit face Thol Thirumavalavan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Why-caste-battle-in-Tamil-Nadu-never-ends/articleshow/48646204.cms|title=Why caste battle in Tamil Nadu never ends - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*[[AIADMK-led Alliance|Democratic People Alliance]] (2006)
*[[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA]] (2006–2014, 2017–2023)
*[[Democratic Progressive Alliance|DPA]] (2014–2015)
*[[People's Welfare Front|Makkal Nala Koottani]] (2015–2016)
*[[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]] (2019-present)
*[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]] (2023-present)
| ideology = [[Social Justice]]<br>[[Ambedkarism]]<ref name=":ID">{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=2024-09-10 |title=VCK invites AIADMK for ‘prohibition of liquor’ rally, but says no to PMK and BJP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vck-invites-aiadmk-for-prohibition-of-liquor-rally-but-says-no-to-pmk-and-bjp/article68626359.ece |access-date=2024-10-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |quote=Agreed that they have taken progressive stand on many issues and have spoken in support of Ambedkarism, Marxism, and in support of Eelam Tamils, which are agreeable to us.}}</ref><br />[[Marxism]]<ref name=":ID"/><br>[[Secularism]]<br>[[Tamil nationalism]]
| split = [[Dalit Panthers]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/tamil-nadu-elections-vck-dalit-liberation-panthers-party-thirumavalavan|title=How the VCK Emerged as More Than 'Just a Dalit Party' in the Tamil Nadu Elections|website=The Wire}}</ref>
| website =
|eci=[[List of political parties in India#State parties|State Party]] status pending
|abbreviation=VCK
|founder=M. Malalchami, D. Amukurajah
|symbol = [[File:Pot Symbol.png|100px]]
|general_secretary = [[D. Ravikumar]]
|colours = {{Colorsample|Blue}} Blue<br />{{Colorsample|Red}} Red
}}


'''Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi''' ({{translation|'''Liberation Panther Party'''}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''VCK'''), formerly known as the '''Dalit Panthers of India''' or the '''Dalit Panthers Iyyakkam''' ({{translation|'''Dalit Panthers Movement'''}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''DPI'''), is an Indian [[social movement]] and political party that seeks to combat caste based [[discrimination]], active in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Wyatt|first=Andrew|title=Party System Change in South India: Political Entrepreneurs, Patterns and Processes|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2010|isbn=978-1-135-18201-4|pages=116–133|language=en}}</ref> The party also has a strong emphasis on [[Tamil nationalism]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Strong-ingredients-of-Tamil-nationalism-in-VCK-manifesto/article14958584.ece|title=Strong ingredients of Tamil nationalism in VCK manifesto|newspaper=The Hindu|date=March 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/tamil-nationalism-then-and-now/article4282662.ece|title=Tamil nationalism, then and now|website=Frontline|date=9 January 2013 }}</ref> Its chairman is [[Thol. Thirumavalavan]], a lawyer from [[Chennai]], and its general secretary is the writer [[Ravikumar (writer)|Ravikumar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/|title=Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News|website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Why-caste-battle-in-Tamil-Nadu-never-ends/articleshow/48646204.cms|title=Why caste battle in Tamil Nadu never ends|website=The Times of India|date=24 August 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Naig|first=Udhav|date=2020-06-24|title=Prosecution deliberately bungled in Shankar murder case, VCK leader says|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/prosecution-deliberately-bungled-in-shankar-murder-case-vck-leader-says/article31903958.ece|access-date=2020-07-08|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
== Party principles ==<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:VCKLTTELogo.jpg|thumb|200px|right| Picture showing close resemblance between VCK logo and LTTE logo and naming conventions ]] -->
The main aim of the party is to abolish the differences among Tamil people and to lift up the economically weaker sections of society. The party supported the freedom movement of Tamil people in [[Tamil Eelam]], as well as the security of Tamil people living abroad. The party also declared that [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] should be charged with [[Alleged war crimes during the Final Stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War|war crimes]] for the alleged assassination of thousands of innocent Tamil people during war against the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]. In the [[Parliament of India]] in May 2012, Thirumavalavan joined other leaders and raised issue of the [[Ambedkar controversial cartoon|Ambedkar cartoon]], sparking a controversy in Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/row-over-ambedkar-nehru-cartoon-in-ncert-textbook-top-10-developments-482156|title=Row over Ambedkar-Nehru cartoon in NCERT textbook: Top 10 developments|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parliaments-stand-on-ambedkar-cartoon-disturbing-panikkar/article3426321.ece|title=Parliament's stand on Ambedkar cartoon disturbing: Panikkar|first=G.|last=Krishnakumar|date=May 16, 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>


== History ==
Ahead of the 2016 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections, Thirumavalavan stated his willingness to form a coalition with any party apart from the DMK, AIADMK, BJP and PMK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saddahaq.com/tamil-nadu-will-thirumavalavan-be-able-to-form-coalition-government-in-the-state |accessdate=2015-08-24 |date=2015-05-06 |author=Akshaya Nath |website=Saddahaq |title=Tamil Nadu: Will Thirumavalavan be able to form coalition government in the state?}}</ref>
The '''Dalit Panthers Iyyakkam''' was formed in 1982 in [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Gorringe|first=Hugo|title=Untouchable Citizens: Dalit Movements and Democratization in Tamil Nadu|publisher=[[Sage Publishing|Sage Publications]]|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7619-3323-6|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The group was found to seek protection of Dalits from [[Caste-related violence in India|caste-related violence]].<ref name="Decoding VCK TheQuint">{{cite news |last1=TK |first1=Smitha |title=Decoding VCK, The Face of Assertive Dalit Politics in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/viduthalai-chiruthaigal-katchi-vck-thirumavalavan-contest-own-2021-assembly-election-dmk-dalits-pmk |access-date=11 January 2022 |work=The Quint |date=5 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Founded by a group of disaffected [[Dalits]] under the leadership of M. Malalchami,<ref name=":1" /> it emerged as a loosely organised group of local activists seeking assistance and protection through the association of a larger movement.<ref name=":0" /> The movement was inspired by the [[Dalit Panthers of India]], a social movement which itself had formed earlier in the 1970s in [[Maharashtra]] which itself was inspired by the [[Black Panther Party]], a socialist movement that sought to combat racial discrimination in the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite journal|year=1974|title=Dalit Panthers: Another View|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=9|issue=18|pages=715–716|jstor=41497050|issn=0012-9976}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Madhavan|first=Narayanan|date=2016-06-05|title=How Muhammad Ali inspired India's Dalits|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/nation/how-muhammad-ali-inspired-india-s-dalits/story-RWXBe295j9D7AFwwBKxsmI.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref>


In 1989, after the death of the founder of Dalit Panthers of India (DPI), Thirumavalavan became its leader. In the 1990s the party grew by highlighting [[discrimination]] and [[Caste system in India|caste]]-based [[violence]]. In 1999, VCK contested elections for the first time.<ref name="Decoding VCK TheQuint" />
==Tamil eelam issue==

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:EelamIssueThiruma.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Thirumavalavan staging protest in Parliament of India regarding Eelam issue ]] -->VCK party along with DMK,DK,NTK formed TESO [[Tamil Eelam Supporters Organization]] and demonstrated protests demanding credential probe into war time crimes against Sri Lankan government during the War between LTTE and Sri Lankan government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2014/sep/26/TESO-Observes-Black-Day-to-Protest-Rajapaksas-Address-665219.html|title=TESO Observes Black Day to Protest Rajapaksa's Address|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/|title=About listing|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20120810/2041475.html|title=VCK condemns MEA's letter to TESO Organizers to drop word Eelam|website=news.webindia123.com}}</ref> It is alleged that thousands of innocent Tamil people were brutally tortured and murdered during the war. Many countries in the world raised complaint against Sri Lankan government in United Nations International Criminal Court of justice. VCK party demanded that Former Sri Lankan President Rajapakse should be charged with war crimes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.globaltamilnews.net/GTMNEditorial/tabid/71/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/46547/language/en-US/Thol-Thirumavalavan-calls-Rajapaksa-war-criminal-.aspx|title=VCK Chief announcement regarding Rajapakse's alleged war crimes against Tamil people}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2009/oct/20/thiruma-calls-rajapaksa-war-criminal-96150.html|title=Thiruma calls Rajapaksa war criminal|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Many of party men were arrested by Tamil Nadu police for creating public discomfort during protest against Sri Lankan government. The party is heavily criticised for supporting LTTE and its leader Prabaharan since LTTE is banned in India.
VCK was allotted different election symbols in every election. In 2014, Madras HC ordered the Election Commission of India to consider VCK's request for [[star]] as their election symbol.<ref name="India TV News">{{cite news |title=Madras HC orders ECI to consider VCK's request for star symbol |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/madras-hc-orders-eci-to-consider-vck-s-request-for-star-symbol-35119.html |access-date=11 January 2022 |work=India TV News |date=4 April 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

== Party principles ==
[[File:Thol Thirumavalavan.jpg|thumb|Thol. Thirumavalavan, Leader and President of Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
The main aim of the party is to abolish the differences among [[Tamils|Tamil people]] and to lift up the [[Socioeconomics|socio-economically]] weaker sections of society. The party supported the freedom movement of Tamil people in [[Tamil Eelam]], as well as the security of Tamil people living abroad. The party also declared that [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] should be charged with [[War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war|war crimes]] for the alleged assassination of thousands of innocent Tamil people during war against the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]. In the [[Parliament of India]] in May 2012, Thirumavalavan joined other leaders and raised issue of the [[Ambedkar controversial cartoon|Ambedkar cartoon]], sparking a controversy in [[Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/row-over-ambedkar-nehru-cartoon-in-ncert-textbook-top-10-developments-482156|title=Row over Ambedkar-Nehru cartoon in NCERT textbook: Top 10 developments|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parliaments-stand-on-ambedkar-cartoon-disturbing-panikkar/article3426321.ece|title=Parliament's stand on Ambedkar cartoon disturbing: Panikkar|first=G.|last=Krishnakumar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=May 16, 2012}}</ref>

Ahead of the 2016 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections, Thirumavalavan stated his willingness to form a coalition with any party apart from the DMK, AIADMK, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and PMK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saddahaq.com/tamil-nadu-will-thirumavalavan-be-able-to-form-coalition-government-in-the-state |access-date=2015-08-24 |date=2015-05-06 |first=Akshaya |last=Nath |website=Saddahaq |title=Tamil Nadu: Will Thirumavalavan be able to form coalition government in the state?}}</ref>

== Tamil Eelam ==
VCK formed [[Tamil Eelam Supporters Organization]] (TESO) along with DMK, DK, NTK, and demonstrated protests demanding credential probe into war time crimes against the Sri Lankan government during the war between the [[Tamil Tigers]] and the Sri Lankan government.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TESO Observes Black Day to Protest Rajapaksa's Address|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2014/sep/26/teso-observes-black-day-to-protest-rajapaksas-address-665219.html|website=The New Indian Express|date=26 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About listing|url=https://indianexpress.com/|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=VCK condemns MEA's letter to TESO Organizers to drop word Eelam|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20120810/2041475.html|website=news.webindia123.com}}</ref> Thousands of innocent Tamil people were brutally tortured and murdered during the war.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2013/11/04/sri_lankas_hidden_genocide.html| title = Sri Lanka's hidden genocide {{!}} The Star| website = [[Toronto Star]]| date = 4 November 2013}}</ref> Many countries raised complaints against the Sri Lankan government in the United Nations International Criminal Court of Justice. VCK demanded that former Sri Lankan President Rajapakse should be charged with war crimes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globaltamilnews.net/GTMNEditorial/tabid/71/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/46547/language/en-US/Thol-Thirumavalavan-calls-Rajapaksa-war-criminal-.aspx|title=Error|website=globaltamilnews.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Thiruma calls Rajapaksa war criminal|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2009/oct/20/thiruma-calls-rajapaksa-war-criminal-96150.html|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 May 2012 }}</ref> Many of its party men were arrested by Tamil Nadu police for creating public discomfort during protests against the Sri Lankan government. The party is heavily criticised for supporting LTTE and its leader [[Velupillai Prabhakaran|Prabakaran]], since LTTE is banned in India.

VCK is accused of promoting [[Tamil nationalism]] and supporting the banned group [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/furore-in-tn-assembly-over-vck-leaders-remarks/539785|title=Furore in TN assembly over VCK leader's remarks|website=Outlook (India)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/vck-leader-calls-for-support-to-tamil-eelam/650368|title=VCK Leader Calls for Support to Tamil Eelam|website=Outlook (India)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/pmk-vck-want-ban-on-ltte-lifted/article6513175.ece|title=PMK, VCK want ban on LTTE lifted|newspaper=The Hindu|date=October 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/01/27/lift-ban-on-ltte-vck-to-centre-1201422790.html|title=Lift ban on LTTE: VCK to Centre|date=January 27, 2008|website=Oneindia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/revoke-ban-on-ltte-vck-8603.html?fbrefresh=1550059754|title=Revoke ban on LTTE - VCK|website=dailymirror.lk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/VCK-man-held-for-smuggling-boat-parts-to-LTTE-in-2007/articleshow/11761645.cms|title=VCK man held for smuggling boat parts to LTTE in 2007|website=The Times of India|date=5 February 2012 }}</ref> Although major Tamil political parties DMK and ADMK both are accused of indirectly supporting LTTE, VCK is accused of supporting LTTE leader openly in its party posters. The LTTE was involved in the [[Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi|assassination]] of former Indian prime minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. VCK Party has demanded the premature release of the assassination convicts along with major Tamil parties like NTK, MDMK, PMK, SMK, AIADMK and DMK. It has also celebrated the birth day of slain LTTE leader Prabakaran along with other Tamil parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Tamil-Outfits-Celebrate-Slain-LTTE-Chiefs-Birthday/2015/11/27/article3148855.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130021335/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Tamil-Outfits-Celebrate-Slain-LTTE-Chiefs-Birthday/2015/11/27/article3148855.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 November 2015|title=Naraka, Tamil Outfits Celebrate Slain LTTE Chief's Birthday|date=November 27, 2015}}</ref>


==Controversies==
==Controversies==
In April 2019, members of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] affiliated, [[Hindutva]] group [[Hindu Munnani]] broke an [[Earthenware|earthen pot]], the [[Electoral symbol|election symbol]] of '''VCK''' at the village of [[Ponparappi]], [[Ariyalur Assembly constituency|Ariyalur]] block, [[Tiruchirappalli|Tiruchi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/simmering-animosity-led-to-attack-on-scs-in-ponparappi-fact-finding-team/article26943497.ece|title=Simmering animosity led to attack on SCs in Ponparappi: fact finding team|date=2019-04-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-01-09|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The incident happened in front of the Panchayat Office where the Tamil Nadu general election polling was going on which lead to a quarrel. This is said to have resulted a retaliatory violence against the [[Dalit]]s. ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported a mob of '''100''' engaged in violence against the Dalits and at least 20 tiled houses which had the VCK symbol were totally damaged. A. Kathir of Evidence, a rights organisation based in [[Madurai]] claimed 13 people were admitted at hospitals, 25 houses were fully damaged and 115 houses were damaged. [[Thirumavalavan|Tirumavalavan]] after visiting the area, told the media that the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] and [[Hindu Munnani]] were responsible for the violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/incoming/article26899140.ece|title=Dalits in Tamil Nadu village attacked for voting in election|last=Rajasekaran|first=Ilangovan|website=Frontline|date=20 April 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-01-09}}</ref>
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:PrabakaranBirthdayVCK.jpg|thumb|200px|left| Picture showing VCK Chief celebrating Prabakarn's birthday in his party office ]] -->

The Political party is accused of extra promoting [[Tamil nationalism]] and supporting [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/furore-in-tn-assembly-over-vck-leaders-remarks/539785|title=Furore in TN assembly over VCK leader's remarks|website=https://www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref> which is banned in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/vck-leader-calls-for-support-to-tamil-eelam/650368|title=VCK Leader Calls for Support to Tamil Eelam|website=https://www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/pmk-vck-want-ban-on-ltte-lifted/article6513175.ece|title=PMK, VCK want ban on LTTE lifted|date=October 18, 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/01/27/lift-ban-on-ltte-vck-to-centre-1201422790.html|title=Lift ban on LTTE: VCK to Centre|date=January 27, 2008|website=https://www.oneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/revoke-ban-on-ltte-vck-8603.html?fbrefresh=1550059754|title=Revoke ban on LTTE - VCK|website=www.dailymirror.lk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/VCK-man-held-for-smuggling-boat-parts-to-LTTE-in-2007/articleshow/11761645.cms|title=VCK man held for smuggling boat parts to LTTE in 2007 - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Although major Tamil political parties DMK and ADMK both are accused for indirectly supporting LTTE, VCK is accused of supporting LTTE leader [[Velupillai Prabhakaran|Prabakaran]] openly in its party posters. It is alleged that LTTE involved in the assassination of Former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi. VCK Party is demanding release of the Rajiv Gandhi murder accusers along with major Tamil parties like NTK, MDMK, PMK, SMK, AIADMK and DMK. VCK Party also celebrated the birth day of Slain LTTE Leader Prabakaran along with other Tamil parties.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Tamil-Outfits-Celebrate-Slain-LTTE-Chiefs-Birthday/2015/11/27/article3148855.ece|title=Naraka, Tamil Outfits Celebrate Slain LTTE Chief's Birthday|date=November 27, 2015}}</ref>
In December 2022, VCK protested the [[saffronisation]] of Dr [[B. R. Ambedkar|B.R. Ambedkar]], the architect of the [[secular]] [[Indian Constitution]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/indu-makkal-katchi-functionary-arrested-for-putting-up-posters-of-saffron-clad-ambedkar/articleshow/96033358.cms | title=Indu Makkal Katchi functionary arrested for putting up posters of saffron-clad Ambedkar | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=6 December 2022 }}</ref>

==Electoral performance==

===Lok Sabha Elections===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
!style="background-color:#1569C7;color:white"|Year
!style="background-color:#1569C7;color:white"|Seats won
!style="background-color:#1569C7;color:white"|Percentage of votes
!style="background-color:#1569C7;color:white"|Remarks
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|{{Composition bar compact|0|2|{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}
| -
|As [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] candidates
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|{{Composition bar compact|0|8|{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}
| -
|As [[Janata Dal (United)]] candidates
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|{{Composition bar compact|1|2|{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}
|0.18%
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|{{Composition bar compact|0|2|{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}
|0.11%
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|{{Composition bar compact|2|2|{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}
|0.8%
|[[Ravikumar (writer)]] contested in [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] symbol
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|{{Composition bar compact|2|2|{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}}}
|2.25%
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections ===
{| class=wikitable
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#2368C7; color:white" | Election Year
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#2368C7; color:white" | Election
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#2368C7; color:white" | Votes polled
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#2368C7; color:white" | Won
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#2368C7; color:white" | Change of Seats
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#2368C7; color:white" | Alliance
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#2368C7; color:white" | Result
|-
|2006
|[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|13th Assembly]]
|426,321
|{{Composition bar|2|9|hex=#2368C7}}
|{{increase}} 2
|ADMK +
| ! style="background:#98FB98;" | Won
|-
|2011
|[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|14th Assembly]]
|555,965
|{{Composition bar|0|10|hex=#2368C7}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|DMK +
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|-
|2016
|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|15th Assembly]]
|331,849
|{{Composition bar|0|25|hex=#2368C7}}
| No Change
|DMDK+
| ! style="background:#FFA07A;"| Lost
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|16th Assembly]]
|457,763
|{{Composition bar|4|6|hex=#2368C7}}
|{{increase}} 4
|DMK +
| ! style="background:#98FB98;"| Won
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of political parties in India]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


== External links ==
==External links==
* [http://wikimapia.org/10127151/Viduthalai-Chiruthaigal-Katchi-VCK-Thol-Thirumavalavan-office Location of VCK party office]
*[http://wikimapia.org/10127151/Viduthalai-Chiruthaigal-Katchi-VCK-Thol-Thirumavalavan-office Location of VCK party office]
* [http://www.thiruma.in/ Official website of Thirumavalavan] {{ta icon}}
*[http://www.thiruma.in/ Official website of Thirumavalavan] {{in lang|ta}}
* News coverage: [http://www.wikinewsindia.com/english-news/thehindu-news/opinion-blogs/the-dalit-moment-of-truth/ Wikinews India], [http://www.ndtv.com/topic/vck NDTV], [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/vck-pitches-for-a-coalition-government-in-2016/article7174954.ece ''The Hindu'']
*News coverage: [http://www.wikinewsindia.com/english-news/thehindu-news/opinion-blogs/the-dalit-moment-of-truth/ Wikinews India], [http://www.ndtv.com/topic/vck NDTV], [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/vck-pitches-for-a-coalition-government-in-2016/article7174954.ece ''The Hindu'']
*TASMAC Campaign [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/protest-against-tasmac-outlet-disrupts-traffic/article4993015.ece]
*TASMAC Campaign [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/protest-against-tasmac-outlet-disrupts-traffic/article4993015.ece]
*Gandhian Principles Propaganda [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/gandhian-sasi-perumal-died-during-an-agitation-to-shift-tasmac-shop-near-marthandam/article7485847.ece]
*Gandhian Principles Propaganda [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/gandhian-sasi-perumal-died-during-an-agitation-to-shift-tasmac-shop-near-marthandam/article7485847.ece]
*TASMAC bandh [http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article425913.ece]
*TASMAC bandh [https://web.archive.org/web/20160312022831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article425913.ece Political parties want TASMAC shop closed]
*Against Liquor [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Nadu-bandh-Normal-life-not-affected-as-protesters-target-only-liquor-shops/articleshow/48341761.cms]
*Against Liquor [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Nadu-bandh-Normal-life-not-affected-as-protesters-target-only-liquor-shops/articleshow/48341761.cms Tamil Nadu bandh: Normal life not affected as protesters target only liquor shops ]
*Against TASMAC [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Nadu-bandh-Normal-life-not-affected-as-protesters-target-only-liquor-shops/articleshow/48341761.cms]
*Against TASMAC [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Nadu-bandh-Normal-life-not-affected-as-protesters-target-only-liquor-shops/articleshow/48341761.cms Tamil Nadu bandh: Normal life not affected as protesters target only liquor shops ]
*Tamil Fishermen issue [http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article160050.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/vck-plea-for-release-of-fishermen/article6577776.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article132539.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/death-sentence-for-fishermen-shocking/article6550723.ece][http://kollytalk.com/tn/news/centre-take-blame-fishermen-hanged-thirumavalavan-120276.html][http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/VCK-Calls-SL-Death-Sentence-Politically-Motivated-Decision/2014/11/11/article2518069.ece][http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article160050.ece]
*Tamil Fishermen issue [https://web.archive.org/web/20160312014947/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article160050.ece PMK, VCK too oppose Marine Fisheries Bill][http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/vck-plea-for-release-of-fishermen/article6577776.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article132539.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/death-sentence-for-fishermen-shocking/article6550723.ece][https://web.archive.org/web/20141111074247/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/VCK-Calls-SL-Death-Sentence-Politically-Motivated-Decision/2014/11/11/article2518069.ece VCK Calls SL Death Sentence Politically Motivated Decision][https://web.archive.org/web/20160312014947/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article160050.ece PMK, VCK too oppose Marine Fisheries Bill]
*Tamil Eelam issue [http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article71263.ece][http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/vck-not-to-dilute-stand-on-tamil-eelam-364113.html]
*Tamil Eelam issue [https://web.archive.org/web/20160312011326/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article71263.ece ‘Unarmed VCK men to fight for Eelam’][http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/vck-not-to-dilute-stand-on-tamil-eelam-364113.html Breaking News, Live Election 2022 Results: Assembly Election 2022, Dates, Photos, Polls and Results]
*People welfare Front [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/article7841858.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/peoples-welfare-front-promises-statehood-prohibition/article8207868.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/pwf-not-a-big-force-says-stalin/article8230827.ece][http://www.ndtv.com/topic/people-welfare-front][http://www.ndtv.com/topic/people-welfare-front]
*People welfare Front [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/article7841858.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/peoples-welfare-front-promises-statehood-prohibition/article8207868.ece][http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/pwf-not-a-big-force-says-stalin/article8230827.ece][http://www.ndtv.com/topic/people-welfare-front People Welfare Front: Latest News, Photos, Videos on People Welfare Front][http://www.ndtv.com/topic/people-welfare-front People Welfare Front: Latest News, Photos, Videos on People Welfare Front]
*Tamil Eelam Supporter's organisation [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Eelam-Supporters-Organization-observes-Black-Day-against-Rajapaksas-participation-at-UNGA-session/articleshow/43434446.cms][http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Tamil-Eelam-Supporters-Organisation-(TESO)] [http://www.sangam.org/2012/08/TESO_Conference.php?uid=4825][http://indianexpress.com/tag/tamil-eelam-supporters-organisation/][http://indianexpress.com/tag/tamil-eelam-supporters/][http://www.dnaindia.com/topic/tamil-eelam-supporters-organisation][http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/rajapaksa-trying-to-erase-tamil-in-sri-lanka-karunanidhi/story-OUIiPHqTolsogEuwpMa5uM.html][http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/VCK-condemns-demolition-of-compound-wall-of-memorial/2013/11/20/article1901526.ece][http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1455205.ece?service=print]
*Tamil Eelam Supporter's organisation [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Eelam-Supporters-Organization-observes-Black-Day-against-Rajapaksas-participation-at-UNGA-session/articleshow/43434446.cms Tamil Eelam Supporters Organization observes Black Day against Rajapaksa's participation at UNGA session ][http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Tamil-Eelam-Supporters-Organisation-(TESO) Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation (TESO): Latest News, Videos and Photos of Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation (TESO) | Times of India] [http://www.sangam.org/2012/08/TESO_Conference.php?uid=4825 TESO Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation Conference Resolutions August 12 2012 Chennai Tamil Nadu Sri Lanka][http://indianexpress.com/tag/tamil-eelam-supporters-organisation/ About][http://indianexpress.com/tag/tamil-eelam-supporters/][http://www.dnaindia.com/topic/tamil-eelam-supporters-organisation Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation][http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/rajapaksa-trying-to-erase-tamil-in-sri-lanka-karunanidhi/story-OUIiPHqTolsogEuwpMa5uM.html][https://web.archive.org/web/20160312021602/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/VCK-condemns-demolition-of-compound-wall-of-memorial/2013/11/20/article1901526.ece][https://web.archive.org/web/20160312022330/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1455205.ece?service=print]
*Jallikattu Issue [http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/VCK-Blames-government-on-Jallikattu/2015/01/18/article2624535.ece][http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jallikattu-allowed-centre-makes-arrangements-for-bull-taming-in-tn/story-fBzddqoyWagokI5X7E36dK.html][http://www.oneindia.com/2008/01/12/vck-to-launch-agitation-against-ban-on-jallikattu-1200146673.html][http://guindytalk.com/news-tags/vck-thol-thirumavalavan-news]
*Jallikattu Issue [https://web.archive.org/web/20151122114038/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/VCK-Blames-government-on-Jallikattu/2015/01/18/article2624535.ece][http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jallikattu-allowed-centre-makes-arrangements-for-bull-taming-in-tn/story-fBzddqoyWagokI5X7E36dK.html][http://www.oneindia.com/2008/01/12/vck-to-launch-agitation-against-ban-on-jallikattu-1200146673.html][http://guindytalk.com/news-tags/vck-thol-thirumavalavan-news]
*LTTE Ban controversies [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/pmk-vck-want-ban-on-ltte-lifted/article6513175.ece][http://www.oneindia.com/2008/01/27/lift-ban-on-ltte-vck-to-centre-1201422790.html][http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Tamil-Outfits-Celebrate-Slain-LTTE-Chiefs-Birthday/2015/11/27/article3148855.ece][http://asianmirror.lk/news/item/6989-pro-ltte-tamil-nadu-parties-urges-india-to-support-npc-resolution]
*LTTE Ban controversies [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/pmk-vck-want-ban-on-ltte-lifted/article6513175.ece][http://www.oneindia.com/2008/01/27/lift-ban-on-ltte-vck-to-centre-1201422790.html][https://web.archive.org/web/20151130021335/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Tamil-Outfits-Celebrate-Slain-LTTE-Chiefs-Birthday/2015/11/27/article3148855.ece][http://asianmirror.lk/news/item/6989-pro-ltte-tamil-nadu-parties-urges-india-to-support-npc-resolution]
{{Black Panther Party}}
{{Dravidian politics}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{United Progressive Alliance}}


[[Category:1982 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
{{Dravidian politics-hor}}

[[Category:Political parties established in 1972]]
[[Category:Political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Dalit politics]]
[[Category:Dalit politics]]
[[Category:Former member parties of the United Progressive Alliance]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1982]]
[[Category:Political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil nationalism]]
[[Category:Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]

Latest revision as of 13:44, 28 November 2024

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
AbbreviationVCK
ChairmanThol. Thirumavalavan
General SecretaryD. Ravikumar
FounderM. Malalchami, D. Amukurajah
Founded1982
Split fromDalit Panthers[1]
IdeologySocial Justice
Ambedkarism[2]
Marxism[2]
Secularism
Tamil nationalism
Political positionLeft-wing[3]
Colours  Blue
  Red
ECI StatusState Party status pending
Alliance
Seats in Lok Sabha
2 / 543
Seats in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
4 / 234
[4]
Election symbol
Party flag
Election symbol of VCK

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (transl. Liberation Panther Party; abbr. VCK), formerly known as the Dalit Panthers of India or the Dalit Panthers Iyyakkam (transl. Dalit Panthers Movement; abbr. DPI), is an Indian social movement and political party that seeks to combat caste based discrimination, active in the state of Tamil Nadu.[5] The party also has a strong emphasis on Tamil nationalism.[6][7] Its chairman is Thol. Thirumavalavan, a lawyer from Chennai, and its general secretary is the writer Ravikumar.[8][9][10]

History

[edit]

The Dalit Panthers Iyyakkam was formed in 1982 in Madurai, Tamil Nadu.[11][5] The group was found to seek protection of Dalits from caste-related violence.[12] Founded by a group of disaffected Dalits under the leadership of M. Malalchami,[11] it emerged as a loosely organised group of local activists seeking assistance and protection through the association of a larger movement.[5] The movement was inspired by the Dalit Panthers of India, a social movement which itself had formed earlier in the 1970s in Maharashtra which itself was inspired by the Black Panther Party, a socialist movement that sought to combat racial discrimination in the United States.[13][14]

In 1989, after the death of the founder of Dalit Panthers of India (DPI), Thirumavalavan became its leader. In the 1990s the party grew by highlighting discrimination and caste-based violence. In 1999, VCK contested elections for the first time.[12]

VCK was allotted different election symbols in every election. In 2014, Madras HC ordered the Election Commission of India to consider VCK's request for star as their election symbol.[15]

Party principles

[edit]
Thol. Thirumavalavan, Leader and President of Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

The main aim of the party is to abolish the differences among Tamil people and to lift up the socio-economically weaker sections of society. The party supported the freedom movement of Tamil people in Tamil Eelam, as well as the security of Tamil people living abroad. The party also declared that Mahinda Rajapaksa should be charged with war crimes for the alleged assassination of thousands of innocent Tamil people during war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. In the Parliament of India in May 2012, Thirumavalavan joined other leaders and raised issue of the Ambedkar cartoon, sparking a controversy in Parliament.[16][17]

Ahead of the 2016 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections, Thirumavalavan stated his willingness to form a coalition with any party apart from the DMK, AIADMK, BJP and PMK.[18]

Tamil Eelam

[edit]

VCK formed Tamil Eelam Supporters Organization (TESO) along with DMK, DK, NTK, and demonstrated protests demanding credential probe into war time crimes against the Sri Lankan government during the war between the Tamil Tigers and the Sri Lankan government.[19][20][21] Thousands of innocent Tamil people were brutally tortured and murdered during the war.[22] Many countries raised complaints against the Sri Lankan government in the United Nations International Criminal Court of Justice. VCK demanded that former Sri Lankan President Rajapakse should be charged with war crimes.[23][24] Many of its party men were arrested by Tamil Nadu police for creating public discomfort during protests against the Sri Lankan government. The party is heavily criticised for supporting LTTE and its leader Prabakaran, since LTTE is banned in India.

VCK is accused of promoting Tamil nationalism and supporting the banned group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.[25][26][27][28][29][30] Although major Tamil political parties DMK and ADMK both are accused of indirectly supporting LTTE, VCK is accused of supporting LTTE leader openly in its party posters. The LTTE was involved in the assassination of former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi. VCK Party has demanded the premature release of the assassination convicts along with major Tamil parties like NTK, MDMK, PMK, SMK, AIADMK and DMK. It has also celebrated the birth day of slain LTTE leader Prabakaran along with other Tamil parties.[31]

Controversies

[edit]

In April 2019, members of the RSS affiliated, Hindutva group Hindu Munnani broke an earthen pot, the election symbol of VCK at the village of Ponparappi, Ariyalur block, Tiruchi.[32] The incident happened in front of the Panchayat Office where the Tamil Nadu general election polling was going on which lead to a quarrel. This is said to have resulted a retaliatory violence against the Dalits. The Hindu reported a mob of 100 engaged in violence against the Dalits and at least 20 tiled houses which had the VCK symbol were totally damaged. A. Kathir of Evidence, a rights organisation based in Madurai claimed 13 people were admitted at hospitals, 25 houses were fully damaged and 115 houses were damaged. Tirumavalavan after visiting the area, told the media that the PMK and Hindu Munnani were responsible for the violence.[33]

In December 2022, VCK protested the saffronisation of Dr B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the secular Indian Constitution.[34]

Electoral performance

[edit]

Lok Sabha Elections

[edit]
Year Seats won Percentage of votes Remarks
1999 - As Tamil Maanila Congress candidates
2004 - As Janata Dal (United) candidates
2009 0.18%
2014 0.11%
2019 0.8% Ravikumar (writer) contested in Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam symbol
2024 2.25%

Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly elections

[edit]
Election Year Election Votes polled Won Change of Seats Alliance Result
2006 13th Assembly 426,321
2 / 9
 Increase 2 ADMK + Won
2011 14th Assembly 555,965
0 / 10
 Decrease 2 DMK + Lost
2016 15th Assembly 331,849
0 / 25
 No Change DMDK+ Lost
2021 16th Assembly 457,763
4 / 6
 Increase 4 DMK + Won

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "How the VCK Emerged as More Than 'Just a Dalit Party' in the Tamil Nadu Elections". The Wire.
  2. ^ a b Naig, Udhav (10 September 2024). "VCK invites AIADMK for 'prohibition of liquor' rally, but says no to PMK and BJP". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 30 October 2024. Agreed that they have taken progressive stand on many issues and have spoken in support of Ambedkarism, Marxism, and in support of Eelam Tamils, which are agreeable to us.
  3. ^ "Rift between MK Stalin's party and ally VCK in Tamil Nadu?". India Today. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024. He said that Thirumavalavan, who strongly adheres to leftist ideologies rooted in Tamil history
  4. ^ "Tamil Nadu polls: VCK wins four seats including two general constituencies". 4 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Wyatt, Andrew (2010). Party System Change in South India: Political Entrepreneurs, Patterns and Processes. Routledge. pp. 116–133. ISBN 978-1-135-18201-4.
  6. ^ "Strong ingredients of Tamil nationalism in VCK manifesto". The Hindu. 24 March 2011.
  7. ^ "Tamil nationalism, then and now". Frontline. 9 January 2013.
  8. ^ "Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News". The Economic Times.
  9. ^ "Why caste battle in Tamil Nadu never ends". The Times of India. 24 August 2015.
  10. ^ Naig, Udhav (24 June 2020). "Prosecution deliberately bungled in Shankar murder case, VCK leader says". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  11. ^ a b Gorringe, Hugo (2005). Untouchable Citizens: Dalit Movements and Democratization in Tamil Nadu. Sage Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-3323-6.
  12. ^ a b TK, Smitha (5 January 2021). "Decoding VCK, The Face of Assertive Dalit Politics in Tamil Nadu". The Quint. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  13. ^ "Dalit Panthers: Another View". Economic and Political Weekly. 9 (18): 715–716. 1974. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 41497050.
  14. ^ Madhavan, Narayanan (5 June 2016). "How Muhammad Ali inspired India's Dalits". Hindustan Times.
  15. ^ "Madras HC orders ECI to consider VCK's request for star symbol". India TV News. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  16. ^ "Row over Ambedkar-Nehru cartoon in NCERT textbook: Top 10 developments". NDTV.com.
  17. ^ Krishnakumar, G. (16 May 2012). "Parliament's stand on Ambedkar cartoon disturbing: Panikkar". The Hindu.
  18. ^ Nath, Akshaya (6 May 2015). "Tamil Nadu: Will Thirumavalavan be able to form coalition government in the state?". Saddahaq. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  19. ^ "TESO Observes Black Day to Protest Rajapaksa's Address". The New Indian Express. 26 September 2014.
  20. ^ "About listing". The Indian Express.
  21. ^ "VCK condemns MEA's letter to TESO Organizers to drop word Eelam". news.webindia123.com.
  22. ^ "Sri Lanka's hidden genocide | The Star". Toronto Star. 4 November 2013.
  23. ^ "Error". globaltamilnews.net.
  24. ^ "Thiruma calls Rajapaksa war criminal". The New Indian Express. 16 May 2012.
  25. ^ "Furore in TN assembly over VCK leader's remarks". Outlook (India).
  26. ^ "VCK Leader Calls for Support to Tamil Eelam". Outlook (India).
  27. ^ "PMK, VCK want ban on LTTE lifted". The Hindu. 18 October 2014.
  28. ^ "Lift ban on LTTE: VCK to Centre". Oneindia. 27 January 2008.
  29. ^ "Revoke ban on LTTE - VCK". dailymirror.lk.
  30. ^ "VCK man held for smuggling boat parts to LTTE in 2007". The Times of India. 5 February 2012.
  31. ^ "Naraka, Tamil Outfits Celebrate Slain LTTE Chief's Birthday". 27 November 2015. Archived from the original on 30 November 2015.
  32. ^ "Simmering animosity led to attack on SCs in Ponparappi: fact finding team". The Hindu. 25 April 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  33. ^ Rajasekaran, Ilangovan (20 April 2019). "Dalits in Tamil Nadu village attacked for voting in election". Frontline. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  34. ^ "Indu Makkal Katchi functionary arrested for putting up posters of saffron-clad Ambedkar". The Times of India. 6 December 2022.
[edit]
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