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{{Short description|Extinct family of bats}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|55.8|40.4|[[Ypresian]] to [[Lutetian]] (Middle [[Eocene]])}}
| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|55.8|40.4|[[Ypresian]] to [[Lutetian]] (Middle [[Eocene]])}}
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| image_caption = ''[[Archaeonycteris]]'' fossil from the [[Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano|Natural History Museum of Milan]]
| image_caption = ''[[Archaeonycteris]]'' fossil from the [[Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano|Natural History Museum of Milan]]
| taxon = Archaeonycteridae
| taxon = Archaeonycteridae
| authority = ([[Pierre Revilliod|Revilliod]], 1917)
| authority = [[Pierre Revilliod|Revilliod]], 1917
| type_genus = {{extinct}}''[[Archaeonycteris]]''
| type_genus = {{extinct}}''[[Archaeonycteris]]''
| type_genus_authority = Revilliod, 1917
| type_genus_authority = Revilliod, 1917
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]<ref name="paleodb">{{cite web|url=http://paleodb.science.mq.edu.au/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=40629&is_real_user=1|title=Archaeonycteridae|publisher=Paleobiology Database|accessdate=May 16, 2011}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ref = <ref name="paleodb">{{cite web|url=http://paleodb.science.mq.edu.au/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=40629&is_real_user=1|title=Archaeonycteridae|publisher=Paleobiology Database|accessdate=May 16, 2011}}</ref>
| subdivision = See text
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms = Archaeonycterididae <small>Revilliod, 1917</small>
| synonyms = Archaeonycterididae <small>Revilliod, 1917</small>
}}
}}


'''Archaeonycteridae''' (formerly spelled '''Archaeonycterididae''') is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[extinct]] [[bat]]s. It was originally erected by the [[Swiss]] [[naturalist]] [[Pierre Revilliod]] as Archaeonycterididae to hold the genus ''[[Archaeonycteris]]''. It was formerly classified under the [[Superfamily (zoology)|superfamily]] Icaronycteroidea (disused) by Kurten and Anderson in 1980. In 2007, the spelling was corrected to Archaeonycteridae and it was reclassified to the unranked [[clade]] [[Microchiropteramorpha]] by Smith ''et al.''.<ref name="paleodb"/><ref name="tolweb">{{cite web|url=http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=505|title=Higher-level Classification of Bats|author1=Nancy B. Simmons |author2=Tenley Conway |year=1998|publisher=Tree of Life web project|accessdate=May 17, 2011}}</ref> The family [[Palaeochiropterygidae]] was also merged into Archaeonycteridae by Kurten and Anderson, but modern authorities specializing in bat fossils maintain the distinction between the two.<ref name="paleodb2">{{cite web|url=http://museumu03.museumwww.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=135585&is_real_user=1|title=Palaeochiropterygidae|publisher=Paleobiology Database|accessdate=May 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822185233/http://museumu03.museumwww.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=135585&is_real_user=1|archive-date=August 22, 2011|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="smith">{{cite journal|author1=Thierry Smith |author2=Rajendra S. Rana |author3=Pieter Missiaen |author4=Kenneth D. Rose |author5=Ashok Sahni |author6=Hukam Singh |author7=Lachham Singh |year=2007|title=High bat (Chiroptera) diversity in the Early Eocene of India|journal=Naturwissenschaften|volume=94|issue=12 |pages=1003–1009|doi=10.1007/s00114-007-0280-9|url=http://biblio.ugent.be/input/download?func=downloadFile&fileOId=1136492|accessdate=May 19, 2011|pmid=17671774}}</ref>
'''Archaeonycteridae''' (formerly spelled '''Archaeonycterididae''') is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[extinct]] [[bat]]s. It was originally erected by the [[Swiss people|Swiss]] [[naturalist]] [[Pierre Revilliod]] as Archaeonycterididae to hold the genus ''[[Archaeonycteris]]''. It was formerly classified under the [[Superfamily (zoology)|superfamily]] Icaronycteroidea (disused) by Kurten and Anderson in 1980. In 2007, the spelling was corrected to Archaeonycteridae and it was reclassified to the unranked [[clade]] [[Microchiropteramorpha]] by Smith ''et al.''.<ref name="paleodb"/><ref name="tolweb">{{cite web|url=http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=505|title=Higher-level Classification of Bats|author1=Nancy B. Simmons |author2=Tenley Conway |year=1998|publisher=Tree of Life web project|accessdate=May 17, 2011}}</ref> The family [[Palaeochiropterygidae]] was also merged into Archaeonycteridae by Kurten and Anderson, but modern authorities specializing in bat fossils maintain the distinction between the two.<ref name="paleodb2">{{cite web|url=http://museumu03.museumwww.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=135585&is_real_user=1|title=Palaeochiropterygidae|publisher=Paleobiology Database|accessdate=May 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822185233/http://museumu03.museumwww.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=135585&is_real_user=1|archive-date=August 22, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="smith">{{cite journal|author1=Thierry Smith|author2=Rajendra S. Rana|author3=Pieter Missiaen|author4=Kenneth D. Rose|author5=Ashok Sahni|author6=Hukam Singh|author7=Lachham Singh|year=2007|title=High bat (Chiroptera) diversity in the Early Eocene of India|journal=Naturwissenschaften|volume=94|issue=12|pages=1003–1009|doi=10.1007/s00114-007-0280-9|url=http://biblio.ugent.be/input/download?func=downloadFile&fileOId=1136492|accessdate=May 19, 2011|pmid=17671774|s2cid=12568128|hdl=1854/LU-385394|hdl-access=free|archive-date=July 22, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225230/http://biblio.ugent.be/input/download?func=downloadFile&fileOId=1136492|url-status=dead}}</ref>


They existed from the [[Ypresian]] to the [[Lutetian]] [[Age (geology)|ages]] of the Middle [[Eocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epoch]] (55.8 to 40.4 million years ago).<ref name="paleodb"/>
They existed from the [[Ypresian]] to the [[Lutetian]] [[Age (geology)|ages]] of the Middle [[Eocene]] [[Epoch (geology)|epoch]] (55.8 to 40.4 million years ago).<ref name="paleodb"/>


The family is known to closely resemble modern bat species from the well preserved specimens found in the [[Messel Pit Fossil Site]] in Germany. Other discoveries were made in Europe and other areas of the Northern Hemisphere that restricted the known distribution range to sites associated with the [[Laurasian]] land mass. This range of the family was extended to include a species found in 1990 at the [[Murgon fossil site]] on the Australian continent, and they appear to have become globally dispersed during the early Miocene.<ref name="Long2002">{{cite book |last1=Long |first1=John A. |last2=Archer |first2=Michael |title=Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution |date=2002 |publisher=UNSW Press |isbn=9780868404356 |pages=181–182 |url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=LwMkO0M1mPQC&pg=PA181 |language=en}}</ref>
The family is known to closely resemble modern bat species from the well preserved specimens found in the [[Messel Pit Fossil Site]] in Germany. Other discoveries were made in Europe and other areas of the Northern Hemisphere that restricted the known distribution range to sites associated with the [[Laurasian]] land mass. This range of the family was extended to include a species found in 1990 at the [[Murgon fossil site]] on the Australian continent, and they appear to have become globally dispersed during the early Miocene.<ref name="Long2002">{{cite book |last1=Long |first1=John A. |last2=Archer |first2=Michael |title=Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution |date=2002 |publisher=UNSW Press |isbn=9780868404356 |pages=181–182 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwMkO0M1mPQC&pg=PA181 |language=en}}</ref>


==Genera==
==Genera==
It contains four [[Genus|genera]]. The following list may be incomplete or inaccurate:<ref name="paleodb"/>
It contains five [[Genus|genera]]. The following list may be incomplete or inaccurate:<ref name="paleodb"/>
*''[[Archaeonycteris]]'' <small>Revilliod, 1917</small>
*''[[Archaeonycteris]]'' <small>Revilliod, 1917</small>
**''[[Archaeonycteris trigonodon]]'' <small>Revilliod, 1917</small> - [[Messel Pit]] ([[Lutetian]]), Germany
**''[[Archaeonycteris trigonodon]]'' <small>Revilliod, 1917</small> - [[Messel Pit]] ([[Lutetian]]), Germany
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*''[[Protonycteris]]'' <small>Smith ''et al.'', 2007</small>
*''[[Protonycteris]]'' <small>Smith ''et al.'', 2007</small>
**''[[Protonycteris gunnelli]]'' <small>Smith ''et al.'', 2007</small> - Vastan Lignite Mine (Ypresian), India
**''[[Protonycteris gunnelli]]'' <small>Smith ''et al.'', 2007</small> - Vastan Lignite Mine (Ypresian), India
*''[[Xylonycteris]]'' <small>Hand & Sigé, 2017</small><ref name="Hand">{{cite journal |last1=Hand |first1=Suzanne J. |last2=Sigé |first2=Bernard |title=A new archaic bat (Chiroptera: Archaeonycteridae) from an Early Eocene forest in the Paris Basin |journal=Historical Biology |date=2017 |volume=30 |issue=1-2 |pages=227–236 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1297435 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1297435 |issn=0891-2963}}</ref>
*''[[Xylonycteris]]'' <small>Hand & Sigé, 2017</small><ref name="Hand">{{cite journal |last1=Hand |first1=Suzanne J. |last2=Sigé |first2=Bernard |title=A new archaic bat (Chiroptera: Archaeonycteridae) from an Early Eocene forest in the Paris Basin |journal=Historical Biology |date=2017 |volume=30 |issue=1–2 |pages=227–236 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1297435 |s2cid=91146624 |issn=0891-2963}}</ref>
**''[[Xylonycteris stenodon]]'' <small>Hand & Sigé, 2017</small> - Ypresian, France
**''[[Xylonycteris stenodon]]'' <small>Hand & Sigé, 2017</small> - Ypresian, France


Latest revision as of 20:35, 12 January 2024

Archaeonycteridae
Temporal range: Ypresian to Lutetian (Middle Eocene)
Archaeonycteris fossil from the Natural History Museum of Milan
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
(unranked): Microchiropteramorpha
Family: †Archaeonycteridae
Revilliod, 1917
Type genus
†Archaeonycteris
Revilliod, 1917
Genera[1]

See text

Synonyms

Archaeonycterididae Revilliod, 1917

Archaeonycteridae (formerly spelled Archaeonycterididae) is a family of extinct bats. It was originally erected by the Swiss naturalist Pierre Revilliod as Archaeonycterididae to hold the genus Archaeonycteris. It was formerly classified under the superfamily Icaronycteroidea (disused) by Kurten and Anderson in 1980. In 2007, the spelling was corrected to Archaeonycteridae and it was reclassified to the unranked clade Microchiropteramorpha by Smith et al..[1][2] The family Palaeochiropterygidae was also merged into Archaeonycteridae by Kurten and Anderson, but modern authorities specializing in bat fossils maintain the distinction between the two.[3][4]

They existed from the Ypresian to the Lutetian ages of the Middle Eocene epoch (55.8 to 40.4 million years ago).[1]

The family is known to closely resemble modern bat species from the well preserved specimens found in the Messel Pit Fossil Site in Germany. Other discoveries were made in Europe and other areas of the Northern Hemisphere that restricted the known distribution range to sites associated with the Laurasian land mass. This range of the family was extended to include a species found in 1990 at the Murgon fossil site on the Australian continent, and they appear to have become globally dispersed during the early Miocene.[5]

Genera

[edit]

It contains five genera. The following list may be incomplete or inaccurate:[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Archaeonycteridae". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  2. ^ Nancy B. Simmons; Tenley Conway (1998). "Higher-level Classification of Bats". Tree of Life web project. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
  3. ^ "Palaeochiropterygidae". Paleobiology Database. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
  4. ^ Thierry Smith; Rajendra S. Rana; Pieter Missiaen; Kenneth D. Rose; Ashok Sahni; Hukam Singh; Lachham Singh (2007). "High bat (Chiroptera) diversity in the Early Eocene of India". Naturwissenschaften. 94 (12): 1003–1009. doi:10.1007/s00114-007-0280-9. hdl:1854/LU-385394. PMID 17671774. S2CID 12568128. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
  5. ^ Long, John A.; Archer, Michael (2002). Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. UNSW Press. pp. 181–182. ISBN 9780868404356.
  6. ^ Hand, Suzanne J.; Sigé, Bernard (2017). "A new archaic bat (Chiroptera: Archaeonycteridae) from an Early Eocene forest in the Paris Basin". Historical Biology. 30 (1–2): 227–236. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1297435. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 91146624.
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