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{{Short description|Type of shirt}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}
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{{Distinguish|Polo neck}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
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{{distinguish|Polo neck}}
[[File:Polo Shirt Basic Pattern.png|thumb|Polo shirt outline]]
[[File:Polo Shirt Basic Pattern.png|thumb|Polo shirt outline]]
A '''polo shirt''' is a form of shirt with a collar, a placket neckline with typically two or three buttons, and an optional pocket. Polo shirts are usually short sleeved; they were originally used by polo players during the 1920s<ref>Charlotte Mankey Calasibetta - Phyllis Tortora, The Fairchild Dictionary of Fashion - 2003 Fairchild Publications, inc. New York - {{ISBN|1-56367-235-9}} </ref>


A '''polo shirt''', '''tennis shirt''', '''golf shirt''', or '''chukker shirt'''<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CbOI4TCcnbQC&pg=PA62| title=A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern| author=Mary Brooks Picken| date=24 July 2013| page=62| publisher=[[Courier Corporation]]| isbn=9780486141602 |quote='''chukker shirt.''' Polo shirt, with short sleeves and open neck.}}</ref> is a form of shirt with a collar. Polo shirts are usually short sleeved but can be long; they were used by [[Polo#Players|polo players]] originally in [[India]] in 1859 and in [[Great Britain]] during the 1920s.<ref>Charlotte Mankey Calasibetta, Phyllis Tortora (2003). ''The Fairchild Dictionary of Fashion''. Fairchild Publications. New York. {{ISBN|1-56367-235-9}}.</ref>
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Polo shirts are usually made of [[knitted fabric|knitted]] [[cotton]] (rather than [[woven]] cloth), usually a [[Piqué (weaving)|Piqué]] knit, or less commonly an [[Jersey (fabric)|interlock]] knit (the latter used frequently, though not exclusively, with [[Gossypium barbadense|pima cotton]] polos), or using other fibers such as [[silk]], [[merino]] [[wool]], [[synthetic fiber]]s, or blends of natural and synthetic fibers. A [[dress]]-length version of the shirt is called a '''polo dress'''.<ref>{{cite book|last=McKean|first=Erin|title=The Hundred Dresses: The Most Iconic Styles of Our Time|year=2013|publisher=A & C Black|location=USA|isbn=978-1-4725-3585-6|page=71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1tY4jXQw08C&pg=PA71&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>


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Polo shirts are usually made of [[knitted fabric|knitted]] [[cotton]] (rather than [[woven]] cloth), usually a [[Piqué (weaving)|piqué]] knit, or less commonly an [[Jersey (fabric)|interlock]] knit (the latter used frequently, though not exclusively, with [[Gossypium barbadense|pima cotton]] polos), or using other fibers such as [[silk]], [[wool]], [[synthetic fiber]]s, or blends of natural and synthetic fibers. A [[dress]]-length version of the shirt is called a '''polo dress'''.<ref>{{cite book|last=McKean|first=Erin|title=The Hundred Dresses: The Most Iconic Styles of Our Time|year=2013|publisher=A & C Black|location=USA|isbn=978-1-4725-3585-6|page=71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1tY4jXQw08C&pg=PA71}}</ref>
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== History ==
=== History of the polo shirt ===
At the end of the 19th century, outdoor activities became important for the British ruling class. Johdpur pants and polo shirts became part of the wardrobe for horse-related sports. <ref> Vittoria De Buzzaccarini, L'eleganza dello stile - Duecent'anni di vestir maschile. 1992, Edizioni Lupetti & co </ref>.
The two garments were brought back from India by the British, along with the game of polo.
A picture shot at the end of the 19th century, presumably in India, shows players wearing a striped polo shirt <ref>https://www.hurlinghampolo1875.com/our-story</ref>.


=== History of the tennis shirt ===
== History of the tennis shirt ==
[[File:Tennis-shirt-lacoste.jpg|thumb|A [[Lacoste]] tennis shirt]]
[[File:Tennis-shirt-lacoste.jpg|thumb|A [[Lacoste]] tennis shirt]]
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In the 19th and early 20th centuries, [[tennis]] players ordinarily wore "tennis whites" consisting of long-sleeved white button-up shirts (worn with the sleeves rolled up), flannel [[trousers]], and [[necktie|ties]].<ref name="fashenc-07">{{cite web|url=http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Ki-Le/Lacoste-Sportswear.html|title=Lacoste Sportswear – Fashion Designer Encyclopedia|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="lacoste">The Story of Lacoste. Retrieved from {{cite web |url=http://www.lacoste.com/library/pdf/LACOSTE_history_histoire.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060126234449/http://www.lacoste.com/library/pdf/LACOSTE_history_histoire.pdf |archivedate=26 January 2006 |df=dmy-all }}.</ref><ref name="time-04">Style & Design: Lacoste. ''Time'' Magazine, Winter 2004. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/2004/style/111504/article/lacoste_on_a_lark_and_a08a.html.</ref> This attire presented problems for ease of play and comfort.<ref name="lacoste" />


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In the 19th and early 20th centuries, [[tennis]] players ordinarily wore "tennis whites" consisting of long-sleeved white button-up shirts (worn with the sleeves rolled up), flannel [[trousers]], and [[necktie|ties]].<ref name="fashenc-07">{{cite web|url=http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Ki-Le/Lacoste-Sportswear.html|title=Lacoste Sportswear – Fashion Designer Encyclopedia}}</ref><ref name="lacoste">{{cite web |url=http://www.lacoste.com/library/pdf/LACOSTE_history_histoire.pdf |title=Lacoste Story |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=Lacoste |access-date=2011-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060126234449/http://www.lacoste.com/library/pdf/LACOSTE_history_histoire.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2006 }}.</ref><ref name="time-04"> {{Cite web |date=2004-12-15 |title=What Is Polo Shirt and its Advantages |url=https://www.doods.in/what-is-polo-t-shirt-and-its-advantages/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=doods.in}} </ref> This attire presented problems for ease of play and comfort.<ref name="lacoste" />
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[[René Lacoste]], the [[France|French]] seven-time [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] tennis champion, felt that the stiff tennis attire was too cumbersome and uncomfortable.<ref name="lacoste" /> He designed a white, short-sleeved, loosely-knit [[Piqué (weaving)|piqué]] cotton (he called the cotton weave ''jersey petit piqué'') shirt with an unstarched, flat, protruding collar, a buttoned placket, and a shirt-tail longer in back than in front (known today as a "tennis tail"; see below), which he first wore at the 1926 U.S. Open championship.<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="lacoste" /><ref name="time-04" /><ref name="brandch">[http://www.brandchannel.com/features_profile.asp?pr_id=300 ''The Brand Channel'', Lacoste profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926165934/http://www.brandchannel.com/features_profile.asp?pr_id=300 |date=26 September 2012 }}.</ref>


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[[René Lacoste]], the French seven-time [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] tennis champion, felt that the stiff tennis attire was too cumbersome and uncomfortable.<ref name="lacoste" /> He designed a white, short-sleeved, loosely-knit [[Piqué (weaving)|piqué]] cotton (he called the cotton weave ''jersey petit piqué'') shirt with an unstarched, flat, protruding collar; a buttoned placket; and a shirt-tail longer in back than in front (known today as a "tennis tail"; see below), which he first wore at the 1926 U.S. Open championship.<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="lacoste" /><ref name="time-04" /><ref name="brandch">[http://www.brandchannel.com/features_profile.asp?pr_id=300 ''The Brand Channel'', Lacoste profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926165934/http://www.brandchannel.com/features_profile.asp?pr_id=300 |date=26 September 2012 }}.</ref>
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Beginning in 1927, Lacoste placed a crocodile emblem on the left breast of his shirts, as the American press had begun to refer to him as "The Crocodile",<ref name="The Crocodile">[http://www.chansons-net.com/tennis/champions/lacoste/E-lacoste.html]''The Crocodile''</ref><ref name="The Birth of the Crocodile">[http://www.lacoste.com/#/rene_lacoste-rub-1]''The Birth of the Crocodile''</ref> a nickname which he embraced.<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="lacoste" /><ref name="time-04" />


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Beginning in 1927, Lacoste placed a crocodile emblem on the left breast of his shirts, as the American press had begun to refer to him as "The Crocodile",<ref name="The Crocodile">[http://www.chansons-net.com/tennis/champions/lacoste/E-lacoste.html ''The Crocodile'']</ref><ref name="The Birth of the Crocodile">[http://www.lacoste.com/#/rene_lacoste-rub-1 ''The Birth of the Crocodile'']</ref> a nickname which he embraced.<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="lacoste" /><ref name="time-04" />
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Lacoste's design mitigated the problems that traditional tennis attire created:<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="time-04" /><ref name="brandch" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Butterworth|first=Helen|title=The History of the Polo Shirt|url=http://www.polo-shirts.co.uk/guides/18/The_History_of_the_Polo_Shirt.html|accessdate=22 November 2012}}</ref>

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Lacoste's design mitigated the problems that traditional tennis attire created:<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="time-04" /><ref name="brandch" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Butterworth|first=Helen|title=The History of the Polo Shirt|url=https://polotshirts.org/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027041105/https://www.polo-shirts.co.uk/guides/18/the_history_of_the_polo_shirt.html|archive-date=27 October 2020|access-date=8 May 2021|website=[[Polo T-Shirts]]}}</ref>


* the short, cuffed sleeves solved the tendency of long sleeves to roll down
* the short, cuffed sleeves solved the tendency of long sleeves to roll down
* the soft collar could be loosened easily by unbuttoning the placket
* the shirt should be buttoned to the top
* the piqué [[collar (clothing)|collar]] could be worn [[upturned collar|upturned]] to protect the [[neck]] skin from the [[sun]]
* the piqué [[collar (clothing)|collar]] could be worn [[upturned collar|upturned]] to protect the [[neck]] skin from the [[sun]]
* the jersey knit piqué cotton breathed and was more durable
* the jersey knit piqué cotton breathed and was more durable
* the "tennis tail" prevented the shirt from pulling out of the wearer's trousers or shorts
* the "tennis tail" prevented the shirt from pulling out of the wearer's trousers or shorts


In 1933, after retiring from professional tennis, Lacoste teamed up with [[André Gillier]], a friend who was a clothing merchandiser, to market that shirt in Europe and North America.<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="lacoste" /><ref name="brandch" /> Together, they formed the company [[Lacoste|Chemise Lacoste]], and began selling their shirts, which included the small embroidered crocodile logo on the left breast.<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="lacoste" />
In 1933, after retiring from professional tennis, Lacoste teamed up with [[André Gillier]], a friend who was a clothing merchandiser, to market that shirt in [[Europe]] and [[North America]].<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="lacoste" /><ref name="brandch" /> Together, they formed the company [[Lacoste|Chemise Lacoste]], and began selling their shirts, which included the small embroidered crocodile logo on the left breast.<ref name="fashenc-07" /><ref name="lacoste" />


=== Application to polo ===
== Application to polo ==
[[File:Chakravarty Cup 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Polo players Paul Barr, [[Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha]], [[Adolfo Cambiaso]], [[Martin Valent]] with fellow player [[Prince William]] (center), wearing polo shirts as part of their uniform.]]
[[File:Chakravarty Cup 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Polo players Paul Barr, [[Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha]], [[Adolfo Cambiaso]], [[Martin Valent]] with fellow player [[Prince William]] (center), wearing polo shirts as part of their uniform.]]
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Until the beginning of 20th century [[polo]] players wore thick long-sleeve shirts made of [[Oxford (cloth)|Oxford-cloth]] cotton.<ref name=brooksbros>{{cite web|url=http://www.brooksbrothers.com/aboutus/heritage.tem|title=Brooks Brothers – About Us|publisher=}}</ref> This shirt was the first to have a buttoned-down collar, which polo players invented in the late 19th century to keep their collars from flapping in the wind ([[Brooks Brothers]]' early president, John Brooks, noticed this while at a polo match in England and began producing such a shirt in 1896).<ref name="brooksbros" /><ref>[http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Bo-Ch/Brooks-Brothers.html ''Fashion Encyclopedia'', "Brooks Brothers"].</ref>


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Until the beginning of 20th century, [[polo]] players wore thick, long-sleeved shirts made of [[Oxford (cloth)|Oxford-cloth]] cotton.<ref name=brooksbros>{{cite web|url=http://www.brooksbrothers.com/aboutus/heritage.tem|title=Brooks Brothers – About Us}}</ref><ref>Vittoria De Buzzaccarini, L'eleganza dello stile – Duecent'anni di vestir maschile. 1992, Edizioni Lupetti & co</ref> This shirt was the first to have a buttoned-down collar, which polo players invented in the late 19th century to keep their collars from flapping in the wind. [[Brooks Brothers]]' early president, John Brooks, noticed this while at a polo match in England and began producing such a shirt in 1896.<ref name="brooksbros" /><ref>[http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Bo-Ch/Brooks-Brothers.html ''Fashion Encyclopedia'', "Brooks Brothers"].</ref> Brooks Brothers still produces this style of button-down "polo shirt".<ref name="brooksbros" />
Brooks Brothers still produces this style of button-down "polo shirt".<ref name="brooksbros" /> Still, like early tennis clothing, those clothes presented a discomfort on the field.


In 1920, Lewis Lacey, a Canadian born of English parents in Montreal, Quebec, in 1887,[[Haberdashery | haberdasher]] and polo player, began producing a shirt that was embroidered with an emblem of a polo player, a design originated at the [[Hurlingham Club (Argentina)|Hurlingham Polo Club]] near Buenos Aires.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962178,00.html |title=A Popular Shirt Tale |publisher=TIME |date=1986-09-01 |accessdate=2012-07-09}}</ref>
In 1920, Lewis Lacey, a Canadian (born of English parents in Montreal, Quebec in 1887) [[Haberdashery|haberdasher]] and polo player, began producing a shirt that was embroidered with an emblem of a polo player, a design originating at the [[Hurlingham Club (Argentina)|Hurlingham Polo Club]] near [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962178,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208184001/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962178,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2008 |title=A Popular Shirt Tale |publisher=TIME |date=1986-09-01 |access-date=2012-07-09}}</ref>
<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[File:Polo Ralph Lauren logo.png|thumb|200px|left|Polo Ralph Lauren symbol]] -->
<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[File:Polo Ralph Lauren logo.png|thumb|200px|left|Polo Ralph Lauren symbol]] -->
The definition of the uniform of polo players – the polo shirt and a pair of white trousers - is actually a fairly recent addition to the sport. Until the 1940s shirts were generally very plain, with no numbers, writing or logos. When necessary, numbers (ranging from 1 – 4) were simply pinned on to the back of the player’s shirts a few minutes before the start of a match.
To differentiate the polo teams from one another, some polo shirts had horizontal stripes, others bore diagonal coloured stripes.


In 1972, [[Ralph Lauren]] included his "polo shirt" as a prominent part of his original line [[Polo Ralph Lauren|Polo]], thereby helping further its already widespread popularity.<ref>[http://about.ralphlauren.com/history/history.asp?year=1972 Official Ralph Lauren history website: "1972"].</ref> While not specifically designed for use by polo players, Lauren's shirt imitated what by that time had become the normal attire for polo players. As he desired to exude a certain "[[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|WASPishness]]" in his clothes, initially adopting the style of clothiers like Brooks Brothers, [[J. Press]], and "[[Savile Row]]"-style English clothing, he prominently included this attire from the "sport of kings" in his line, replete with a logo reminiscent of Lacoste's [[crocodile]] [[emblem]], depicting a polo player and pony.
In 1972, [[Ralph Lauren]] marketed a tennis shirt as a "polo shirt" as a prominent part of his original line [[Polo Ralph Lauren|Polo]], thereby helping further its already widespread popularity.<ref>[http://about.ralphlauren.com/history/history.asp?year=1972 Official Ralph Lauren history website: "1972"].</ref> While not specifically designed for use by polo players, Lauren's shirt imitated what by that time had become the normal attire for polo players. As he desired to exude a certain "[[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|WASPishness]]" in his clothes, initially adopting the style of clothiers like Brooks Brothers, [[J. Press]], and "[[Savile Row]]"-style English clothing, he prominently included this attire from the "sport of kings" in his line, replete with a logo reminiscent of [[Lacoste]]'s [[crocodile]] [[emblem]], depicting a polo player and pony.


In large part due to Ralph Lauren (and arguably as an example of a [[genericized trademark]]), the term “polo shirt,” has become far more common than “tennis shirt” or “golf shirt.”
=== Golf ===
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Over the latter half of the 20th century, as standard clothing in [[golf]] became more casual, the tennis shirt was adopted nearly universally as standard golf attire.<ref name="fashenc-07" /> Many golf courses and country clubs require players to wear golf shirts as a part of their dress code.<ref>[http://www.burleighgolfclub.com.au/guests/golf/dress.mhtml "Dress Code"], BURLEIGH HEADS GOLF CLUB</ref><ref>[http://www.golflongislandnational.com/Club_Rules___Regulations.html "Dress Code: Proper Golf Attire"], Long Island National Golf Club</ref> Moreover, producing Lacoste's "tennis shirt" in various golf cuts has resulted in specific designs of the tennis shirt for golf, resulting in the moniker ''golf shirt''.


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== Golf ==
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Golf shirts are commonly made out of polyester, cotton-polyester blends, or mercerized cotton. The placket typically holds three or four buttons, and consequently extends lower than the typical polo neckline. The collar is typically fabricated using a stitched double-layer of the same fabric used to make the shirt, in contrast to a polo shirt collar, which is usually one-ply ribbed knit cotton. Golf shirts often have a pocket on the left side, to hold a scorepad and pencil, and may not bear a logo there.
[[File:Paula Creamer IMG 0686 (6376796787).jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Paula Creamer]] wearing a golf polo.]]
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Over the latter half of the 20th century, as standard clothing in [[golf]] became more casual, the tennis shirt was adopted nearly universally as standard golf attire.<ref name="fashenc-07" /> Many golf courses and country clubs require players to wear golf shirts as a part of their [[dress code]].<ref>[http://www.burleighgolfclub.com.au/guests/golf/dress.mhtml "Dress Code"], BURLEIGH HEADS GOLF CLUB</ref><ref>[http://www.golflongislandnational.com/Club_Rules___Regulations.html "Dress Code: Proper Golf Attire"], Long Island National Golf Club</ref> Moreover, producing Lacoste's "tennis shirt" in various golf cuts has resulted in specific designs of the tennis shirt for golf, resulting in the moniker ''golf shirt''.

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Golf shirts are commonly made out of [[polyester]], cotton-polyester blends, or [[mercerized]] cotton. The [[placket]] typically holds three or four buttons, and consequently extends lower than the typical polo neckline. The collar is typically fabricated using a stitched double-layer of the same fabric used to make the shirt, in contrast to a polo shirt collar, which is usually one-ply ribbed knit cotton. Golf shirts often have a pocket on the left side, originally designed to hold small items such as a scorepad and pencil.

== In Vietnam ==
Polo shirts, also known as "áo thun có cổ" in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], were introduced to Vietnam in the early 20th century by the [[French people|French]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=VnExpress |title=Áo polo - trang phục kinh điển dành cho đàn ông |url=https://vnexpress.net/ao-polo-trang-phuc-kinh-dien-danh-cho-dan-ong-3283198.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=vnexpress.net |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lịch sử hình thành áo polo - Biểu tượng thời trang bất hữu |url=https://baodanang.vn/can-biet/202402/lich-su-hinh-thanh-ao-polo-bieu-tuong-thoi-trang-bat-huu-3966007/index.htm |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=baodanang.vn}}</ref> Initially, polo shirts were worn by the upper class and athletes. Gradually, polo shirts became popular and widely accepted by all social classes. Many Vietnamese companies and businesses choose polo shirts as their employee uniforms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gợi ý mẫu áo thun đồng phục có cổ đẹp cho doanh nghiệp |url=https://baodongnai.com.vn/doanh-nhan-doanh-nghiep/dich-vu/202310/goi-y-mau-ao-thun-dong-phuc-co-co-dep-cho-doanh-nghiep-37533e8/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=baodongnai.com.vn |language=vi-VN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=thanhnien.vn |title='Đình đám' mùa thu đông 2023 với 5 trang phục phối cùng áo polo |url=https://thanhnien.vn/thoi-trang-tre/dinh-dam-mua-thu-dong-2023-voi-5-trang-phuc-phoi-cung-ao-polo-185231021222655678.htm |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=thanhnien.vn |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-29 |title=Tự tin và chuyên nghiệp cùng BST Warm Up đến từ Đồng phục bốn mùa |url=https://vov.vn/doanh-nghiep/tu-tin-va-chuyen-nghiep-cung-bst-warm-up-den-tu-dong-phuc-bon-mua-post1049292.vov |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=VOV.VN |language=vi}}</ref> According to Metric.vn, the Vietnamese polo shirt market on e-commerce platforms reached 9.2 billion VND in 2023, a decrease of 19.3% compared to the previous quarter.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Áo thun việt nam - Báo cáo xu hướng thị trường sàn TMĐT |url=https://metric.vn/ao-thun-viet-nam |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=metric.vn |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anh - |first=Nhĩ |date=2023-08-05 |title=Thương mại điện tử Việt Nam năm 2023 dự kiến đạt hơn 20 tỷ USD |url=https://vneconomy.vn/thuong-mai-dien-tu-viet-nam-nam-2023-du-kien-dat-hon-20-ty-usd.htm |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới |language=vi}}</ref> Polo shirts account for about 20% of the Vietnamese t-shirt market, equivalent to 1.84 billion VND.<ref name=":0" /> In 2023, Vietnam exported 3.2 billion USD worth of t-shirts of all kinds,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-25 |title=Dệt may đạt kỷ lục về thị trường xuất khẩu |url=https://tapchitaichinh.vn/det-may-dat-ky-luc-ve-thi-truong-xuat-khau.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Tạp chí Tài chính |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Xuất khẩu trên 40 tỷ USD, dệt may Việt Nam cập bến 104 thị trường toàn cầu |url=https://baodautu.vn/xuat-khau-tren-40-ty-usd-det-may-viet-nam-cap-ben-104-thi-truong-toan-cau-d203619.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=baodautu |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=An |first=Hoàng |date=2023-09-14 |title=Teecharis |url=http://teecharis.com |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Tạp chí Kinh tế Sài Gòn |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-24 |title=Năm 2023, dệt may Việt Nam "bứt phá" về thị trường xuất khẩu |url=https://www.nguoiduatin.vn/nam-2023-det-may-viet-nam-but-pha-ve-thi-truong-xuat-khau-a637363.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Người Đưa Tin |language=vietnamese}}</ref> of which polo shirts accounted for about 20%, equivalent to US$640 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-24 |title=BÁO CÁO XUẤT NHẬP KHẨU VIỆT NAM 2022 |url=https://trungtamwto.vn/file/22356/bao-cao-xuat-nhap-khau-viet-nam-nam-2022.pdf |access-date=2024-02-20 |language=vi}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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{{Commons category|Polo shirts}}
* [[Rugby shirt]]
* [[Rugby shirt]]
* [[Sportswear (activewear)]]
* [[Sportswear (activewear)]]
Line 56: Line 54:
== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
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* {{Commons category inline|Polo shirts}}


{{Clothing}}
{{Clothing}}
{{Golf equipment}}


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[[Category:1926 clothes]]
[[Category:1920s fashion]]
[[Category:1920s fashion]]
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[[Category:1926 clothing]]
[[Category:1930s fashion]]
[[Category:1930s fashion]]
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[[Category:1970s fashion]]
[[Category:1980s fashion]]
[[Category:1980s fashion]]
[[Category:1990s fashion]]
[[Category:1990s fashion]]
[[Category:2000s fashion]]
[[Category:French inventions]]
[[Category:Golf culture]]
[[Category:Golf equipment]]
[[Category:Polo]]
[[Category:Shirts]]
[[Category:Shirts]]
[[Category:Sportswear]]
[[Category:Tennis equipment]]
[[Category:Tennis equipment]]
[[Category:Tops (clothing)]]
[[Category:Tops (clothing)]]
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[[Category:French inventions]]

Latest revision as of 04:30, 10 December 2024

Not to be confused with Polo neck.

Polo shirt outline

A polo shirt, tennis shirt, golf shirt, or chukker shirt[1] is a form of shirt with a collar. Polo shirts are usually short sleeved but can be long; they were used by polo players originally in India in 1859 and in Great Britain during the 1920s.[2]

Polo shirts are usually made of knitted cotton (rather than woven cloth), usually a piqué knit, or less commonly an interlock knit (the latter used frequently, though not exclusively, with pima cotton polos), or using other fibers such as silk, wool, synthetic fibers, or blends of natural and synthetic fibers. A dress-length version of the shirt is called a polo dress.[3]

History of the tennis shirt

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A Lacoste tennis shirt

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, tennis players ordinarily wore "tennis whites" consisting of long-sleeved white button-up shirts (worn with the sleeves rolled up), flannel trousers, and ties.[4][5][6] This attire presented problems for ease of play and comfort.[5]

René Lacoste, the French seven-time Grand Slam tennis champion, felt that the stiff tennis attire was too cumbersome and uncomfortable.[5] He designed a white, short-sleeved, loosely-knit piqué cotton (he called the cotton weave jersey petit piqué) shirt with an unstarched, flat, protruding collar; a buttoned placket; and a shirt-tail longer in back than in front (known today as a "tennis tail"; see below), which he first wore at the 1926 U.S. Open championship.[4][5][6][7]

Beginning in 1927, Lacoste placed a crocodile emblem on the left breast of his shirts, as the American press had begun to refer to him as "The Crocodile",[8][9] a nickname which he embraced.[4][5][6]

Lacoste's design mitigated the problems that traditional tennis attire created:[4][6][7][10]

  • the short, cuffed sleeves solved the tendency of long sleeves to roll down
  • the shirt should be buttoned to the top
  • the piqué collar could be worn upturned to protect the neck skin from the sun
  • the jersey knit piqué cotton breathed and was more durable
  • the "tennis tail" prevented the shirt from pulling out of the wearer's trousers or shorts

In 1933, after retiring from professional tennis, Lacoste teamed up with André Gillier, a friend who was a clothing merchandiser, to market that shirt in Europe and North America.[4][5][7] Together, they formed the company Chemise Lacoste, and began selling their shirts, which included the small embroidered crocodile logo on the left breast.[4][5]

Application to polo

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Polo players Paul Barr, Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, Adolfo Cambiaso, Martin Valent with fellow player Prince William (center), wearing polo shirts as part of their uniform.

Until the beginning of 20th century, polo players wore thick, long-sleeved shirts made of Oxford-cloth cotton.[11][12] This shirt was the first to have a buttoned-down collar, which polo players invented in the late 19th century to keep their collars from flapping in the wind. Brooks Brothers' early president, John Brooks, noticed this while at a polo match in England and began producing such a shirt in 1896.[11][13] Brooks Brothers still produces this style of button-down "polo shirt".[11]

In 1920, Lewis Lacey, a Canadian (born of English parents in Montreal, Quebec in 1887) haberdasher and polo player, began producing a shirt that was embroidered with an emblem of a polo player, a design originating at the Hurlingham Polo Club near Buenos Aires.[14]

In 1972, Ralph Lauren marketed a tennis shirt as a "polo shirt" as a prominent part of his original line Polo, thereby helping further its already widespread popularity.[15] While not specifically designed for use by polo players, Lauren's shirt imitated what by that time had become the normal attire for polo players. As he desired to exude a certain "WASPishness" in his clothes, initially adopting the style of clothiers like Brooks Brothers, J. Press, and "Savile Row"-style English clothing, he prominently included this attire from the "sport of kings" in his line, replete with a logo reminiscent of Lacoste's crocodile emblem, depicting a polo player and pony.

In large part due to Ralph Lauren (and arguably as an example of a genericized trademark), the term “polo shirt,” has become far more common than “tennis shirt” or “golf shirt.”

Golf

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Paula Creamer wearing a golf polo.

Over the latter half of the 20th century, as standard clothing in golf became more casual, the tennis shirt was adopted nearly universally as standard golf attire.[4] Many golf courses and country clubs require players to wear golf shirts as a part of their dress code.[16][17] Moreover, producing Lacoste's "tennis shirt" in various golf cuts has resulted in specific designs of the tennis shirt for golf, resulting in the moniker golf shirt.

Golf shirts are commonly made out of polyester, cotton-polyester blends, or mercerized cotton. The placket typically holds three or four buttons, and consequently extends lower than the typical polo neckline. The collar is typically fabricated using a stitched double-layer of the same fabric used to make the shirt, in contrast to a polo shirt collar, which is usually one-ply ribbed knit cotton. Golf shirts often have a pocket on the left side, originally designed to hold small items such as a scorepad and pencil.

In Vietnam

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Polo shirts, also known as "áo thun có cổ" in Vietnamese, were introduced to Vietnam in the early 20th century by the French.[18][19] Initially, polo shirts were worn by the upper class and athletes. Gradually, polo shirts became popular and widely accepted by all social classes. Many Vietnamese companies and businesses choose polo shirts as their employee uniforms.[20][21][22] According to Metric.vn, the Vietnamese polo shirt market on e-commerce platforms reached 9.2 billion VND in 2023, a decrease of 19.3% compared to the previous quarter.[23][24] Polo shirts account for about 20% of the Vietnamese t-shirt market, equivalent to 1.84 billion VND.[23] In 2023, Vietnam exported 3.2 billion USD worth of t-shirts of all kinds,[25][26][27][28] of which polo shirts accounted for about 20%, equivalent to US$640 million.[29]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Mary Brooks Picken (24 July 2013). A Dictionary of Costume and Fashion: Historic and Modern. Courier Corporation. p. 62. ISBN 9780486141602. chukker shirt. Polo shirt, with short sleeves and open neck.
  2. ^ Charlotte Mankey Calasibetta, Phyllis Tortora (2003). The Fairchild Dictionary of Fashion. Fairchild Publications. New York. ISBN 1-56367-235-9.
  3. ^ McKean, Erin (2013). The Hundred Dresses: The Most Iconic Styles of Our Time. USA: A & C Black. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4725-3585-6.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Lacoste Sportswear – Fashion Designer Encyclopedia".
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Lacoste Story" (PDF). Lacoste. 1 January 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 January 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2011..
  6. ^ a b c d "What Is Polo Shirt and its Advantages". doods.in. 15 December 2004. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  7. ^ a b c The Brand Channel, Lacoste profile Archived 26 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ^ The Crocodile
  9. ^ The Birth of the Crocodile
  10. ^ Butterworth, Helen. "The History of the Polo Shirt". Polo T-Shirts. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  11. ^ a b c "Brooks Brothers – About Us".
  12. ^ Vittoria De Buzzaccarini, L'eleganza dello stile – Duecent'anni di vestir maschile. 1992, Edizioni Lupetti & co
  13. ^ Fashion Encyclopedia, "Brooks Brothers".
  14. ^ "A Popular Shirt Tale". TIME. 1 September 1986. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  15. ^ Official Ralph Lauren history website: "1972".
  16. ^ "Dress Code", BURLEIGH HEADS GOLF CLUB
  17. ^ "Dress Code: Proper Golf Attire", Long Island National Golf Club
  18. ^ VnExpress. "Áo polo - trang phục kinh điển dành cho đàn ông". vnexpress.net (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  19. ^ "Lịch sử hình thành áo polo - Biểu tượng thời trang bất hữu". baodanang.vn. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  20. ^ "Gợi ý mẫu áo thun đồng phục có cổ đẹp cho doanh nghiệp". baodongnai.com.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  21. ^ thanhnien.vn. "'Đình đám' mùa thu đông 2023 với 5 trang phục phối cùng áo polo". thanhnien.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  22. ^ "Tự tin và chuyên nghiệp cùng BST Warm Up đến từ Đồng phục bốn mùa". VOV.VN (in Vietnamese). 29 September 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  23. ^ a b "Áo thun việt nam - Báo cáo xu hướng thị trường sàn TMĐT". metric.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  24. ^ Anh -, Nhĩ (5 August 2023). "Thương mại điện tử Việt Nam năm 2023 dự kiến đạt hơn 20 tỷ USD". Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  25. ^ "Dệt may đạt kỷ lục về thị trường xuất khẩu". Tạp chí Tài chính (in Vietnamese). 25 November 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  26. ^ "Xuất khẩu trên 40 tỷ USD, dệt may Việt Nam cập bến 104 thị trường toàn cầu". baodautu (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  27. ^ An, Hoàng (14 September 2023). "Teecharis". Tạp chí Kinh tế Sài Gòn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  28. ^ "Năm 2023, dệt may Việt Nam "bứt phá" về thị trường xuất khẩu". Người Đưa Tin (in Vietnamese). 24 November 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  29. ^ "BÁO CÁO XUẤT NHẬP KHẨU VIỆT NAM 2022" (PDF) (in Vietnamese). 24 November 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
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