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Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 14°30′36.432″N 120°59′28.68″E / 14.51012000°N 120.9913000°E / 14.51012000; 120.9913000
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{{short description|Public transport terminal in Manila, Philippines}}
{{short description|Public transport terminal in Parañaque, Philippines}}
{{Redirect|PITX|protein-coding genes|PITX1|and|PITX2|and|PITX3}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox station
{{Infobox station
| name = Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange<br /> [[File:PITX logo.svg|200px]]
| name = Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange<br />[[File:PITX Official Logo (cropped).jpg|210px]]
| name_lang =
| name_lang =
| native_name =
| native_name =
Line 8: Line 10:
| symbol =
| symbol =
| type = [[Intermodal terminal|Intermodal]]
| type = [[Intermodal terminal|Intermodal]]
| image = 4044Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange 09.jpg
| image = Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange 01.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| address = 1 Kennedy Road<br>[[Parañaque]], [[Metro Manila]]
| address = 1 Kennedy Road, Asiaworld, <br/> [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]], [[Parañaque]], [[Metro Manila]], [[Philippines]]
| coordinates = {{coord|14|30|36.432|N|120|59|28.68|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| borough =
| owned = MWM Terminals<ref name="BWPITX">{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2018 |title=Megawide poised to launch Parañaque transport terminal in November |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009092849/https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/ |archive-date=October 9, 2018 |access-date=October 9, 2018 |website=Business World |publisher=Business World Online}}</ref>
| country = [[Philippines]]
| operator = MWM Terminals<ref name="BWPITX" />
| coordinates = {{coord|14|30|36.22|N|120|59|28.43|E|region:PH-00|display=inline,title}}
| bus_stands = 10 gates and 60 bays<ref name="DOTr1">{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2018 |title=PITX, country's first 'landport', set to open in November |url=https://dotr.gov.ph/55-dotrnews/625-pitx-country-s-first-landport-set-to-open-in-november.html |access-date=April 9, 2019 |website=Department of Transportation}}</ref>
| owned = MWM Terminals<ref name="BWPITX">{{cite web |title=Megawide poised to launch Parañaque transport terminal in November |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/ |work=Business World |publisher=Business World Online |accessdate=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009092849/https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/# |archive-date=2018-10-09 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref>
| operator = MWM Terminals<ref name="BWPITX">{{cite web |title=Megawide poised to launch Parañaque transport terminal in November |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/ |work=Business World |publisher=Business World Online |accessdate=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009092849/https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/# |archive-date=2018-10-09 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref>
| bus_stands = 10 gates and 59 bays<ref name="DOTr1">{{cite web |title=PITX, country's first ‘landport’, set to open in November |url=https://dotr.gov.ph/55-dotrnews/625-pitx-country-s-first-landport-set-to-open-in-november.html |website=Department of Transportation |accessdate=2019-04-09 |language=English |date=2018-10-25}}</ref>
| bus_operators =
| bus_operators =
| bus_routes = {{rint|bus|1}} {{RouteBox|E|EDSA Carousel|#FF0000|white}} {{RouteBox|4||#3B3F9A|white}} {{RouteBox|5||#4a98d0|white}} {{RouteBox|6||#4fcd98|white}} {{RouteBox|7||#0D264F|white}} {{RouteBox|14||#4052A4|black}} {{RouteBox|18||#F38761|white}} {{RouteBox|22||#a739da|white}} {{RouteBox|23||#EA4924|white}} {{RouteBox|26||#976FAE|white}} {{RouteBox|27||#0F51A3|white}} {{RouteBox|28||#F7B039|white}} {{RouteBox|29||#40B0BB|white}} {{RouteBox|30||#b30000|white}} {{RouteBox|31||#E85293|white}} {{RouteBox|32||#223A29|white}} {{RouteBox|34||#F9CF47|black}} {{RouteBox|43||#A5DACE|black}} {{RouteBox|47||#105F32|white}} {{RouteBox|52||#a52a2a|white|}} {{RouteBox|55||#000000|white|}}
| bus_routes =
| connections = Transfers to City and Provincial Buses, Jeepneys, and UV Express<!---; and [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1|Line 1]] via [[Asia World station|Asia World]]--->
| connections = Transfers to Intercity and Provincial buses, jeepneys, and UV Express <br /> {{rint|metro}} {{rint|manila|1}} {{stn|PITX}}
| structure =
| structure =
| parking = 852 slots<ref name="DOTr1"/>
| parking = 852 slots<ref name="DOTr1" />
| bicycle =
| bicycle = Yes
| disabled = yes
| accessible = yes
| former = Southwest Integrated Terminal Exchange
| code =
| code =
| zone =
| zone =
| website = [http://www.pitx.com.ph/ PITX Web Portal]
| website = [https://www.pitx.ph/ PITX]
| opened = {{Start date and age|2018|11|05}} <ref name="BWPITX" />
| opened = {{Start date|2018|11|05|df=y}} <ref name="BWPITX">{{cite web |title=Megawide poised to launch Parañaque transport terminal in November |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/ |work=Business World |publisher=Business World Online |accessdate=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009092849/https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/# |archive-date=2018-10-09 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref>
| opening =
| opening =
| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| passengers = 200,000 (daily)<ref name="BWPITX">{{cite web |title=Megawide poised to launch Parañaque transport terminal in November |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/ |work=Business World |publisher=Business World Online |accessdate=2018-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009092849/https://www.bworldonline.com/megawide-poised-to-launch-paraaque-transport-terminal-in-november/# |archive-date=2018-10-09 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref>
| passengers = 100,000 (daily average)<ref name="BWPITX" /> <br/> 170,000 (holidays)<ref name="PITX expects up to 170K daily passengers during Christmas week">{{cite news |last1=Bordey|first1=Hana|title=PITX expects up to 170K daily passengers during Christmas week |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/854995/pitx-expects-up-to-170k-daily-passengers-during-istmas-week/story/ |work=GMA News Online |language=en}}</ref> <br/> 200,000 (designed capacity)<ref name="Megawide eyes EDSA Busway">{{cite news |last1=Rosales |first1=Elijah Felice |title=Megawide eyes EDSA Busway |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2023/02/15/2244948/megawide-eyes-edsa-busway |work=Philstar.com}}</ref>
| other =
| pass_year =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_rank =
}}
}}


The '''Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange''' ('''PITx'''), formerly called '''Southwest Integrated Transport System''' ('''SWITS'''), is a public transport terminal in [[Parañaque]], [[Metro Manila]], [[Philippines]] that opened on November 5, 2018.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/130406490431829/posts/1233788923426908/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ppp.gov.ph/ppp_projects/integrated-transport-system-project-its-southwest-terminal-project-4/ |title=Southwest Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project (Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange) {{!}} PPP CenterPPP Center|website=ppp.gov.ph|language=en|access-date=2018-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062105/https://ppp.gov.ph/ppp_projects/integrated-transport-system-project-its-southwest-terminal-project-4/#|archive-date=2018-09-19|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> PITx is built and operated by [[Megawide Construction Corporation]] and the [[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|Department of Transportation]] (DOTr) under the Philippine government's Public-Private Partnership program.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://manilastandard.net/business/corporate/274403/megawide-bullish-on-revenues-from-transport-terminal.html |title=Megawide bullish on revenues from transport terminal |work=Manila Standard |access-date=2018-09-19 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062202/http://manilastandard.net/business/corporate/274403/megawide-bullish-on-revenues-from-transport-terminal.html# |archive-date=2018-09-19 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/news-and-events/how-much-will-megawide-corp-earn-from-ph-s-first-modern-bus-terminal-a00222-20180903 |title=How Much Will Megawide Corp Earn From PH’s First Modern Bus Terminal? |work=Entrepreneur.com.ph |access-date=2018-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062433/https://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/news-and-events/how-much-will-megawide-corp-earn-from-ph-s-first-modern-bus-terminal-a00222-20180903# |archive-date=2018-09-19 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref> It will replace the older Southwest Integrated Transport Terminal (SITT) initially located at the derelict [[Uniwide Sales|Uniwide Coastal Mall]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/456091/paranaque-govt-welcomes-centralized-provincial-bus-terminal-amid-protests |title=Parañaque gov’t welcomes centralized provincial bus terminal amid protests |last=Gamil |first=Jaymee T. |access-date=2018-09-19 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919133720/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/456091/paranaque-govt-welcomes-centralized-provincial-bus-terminal-amid-protests# |archive-date=2018-09-19 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref> which was transferred to HK Plaza in [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City, Pasay]] as the Southwest Interim Provincial Terminal (SWIPTS).<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1040461 |title=Regulation of provincial buses along EDSA starts August: MMDA |access-date=2018-09-19 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062224/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1040461# |archive-date=2018-09-19 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref>
The '''Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange''' ('''PITX''', {{IPA|tl|ˈpitɛks}}) is a public transport terminal in [[Parañaque]], [[Metro Manila]], [[Philippines]].<ref name=ppp>{{Cite web |title=Southwest Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project (Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange) {{!}} PPP Center |url=https://ppp.gov.ph/ppp_projects/integrated-transport-system-project-its-southwest-terminal-project-4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062105/https://ppp.gov.ph/ppp_projects/integrated-transport-system-project-its-southwest-terminal-project-4/ |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |access-date=September 19, 2018 |website=ppp.gov.ph}}</ref> PITX is built and operated by [[Megawide Construction Corporation]] and the [[Department of Transportation (Philippines)|Department of Transportation]] (DOTr) under the Philippine government's Public-Private Partnership program.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Megawide bullish on revenues from transport terminal |work=Manila Standard |url=http://manilastandard.net/business/corporate/274403/megawide-bullish-on-revenues-from-transport-terminal.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062202/http://manilastandard.net/business/corporate/274403/megawide-bullish-on-revenues-from-transport-terminal.html |archive-date=September 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=How Much Will Megawide Corp Earn From PH's First Modern Bus Terminal? |work=Entrepreneur.com.ph |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/news-and-events/how-much-will-megawide-corp-earn-from-ph-s-first-modern-bus-terminal-a00222-20180903 |url-status=live |access-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062433/https://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/news-and-events/how-much-will-megawide-corp-earn-from-ph-s-first-modern-bus-terminal-a00222-20180903 |archive-date=September 19, 2018}}</ref>


It replaced the older Southwest Integrated Transport Terminal (SITT) initially located at the derelict [[Uniwide Sales|Uniwide Coastal Mall]], also in Parañaque,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gamil |first=Jaymee T. |title=Parañaque gov't welcomes centralized provincial bus terminal amid protests |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/456091/paranaque-govt-welcomes-centralized-provincial-bus-terminal-amid-protests |url-status=live |access-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919133720/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/456091/paranaque-govt-welcomes-centralized-provincial-bus-terminal-amid-protests |archive-date=September 19, 2018}}</ref> which was transferred to HK Sun Plaza in [[Pasay]] as the Southwest Interim Provincial Terminal (SWIPT).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Regulation of provincial buses along EDSA starts August: MMDA |url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1040461 |url-status=live |access-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919062224/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1040461 |archive-date=September 19, 2018}}</ref> It is located on a reclaimed sea area of Manila Bay between [[Manila–Cavite Expressway]] (CAVITEX) and Macapagal Boulevard, thus on a reclaimed highway lot.
PITx serves as a hub for buses, [[jeepney]]s,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/06/18/airport-style-metro-manila-terminal-promises-easier-commute |title=Airport-style Metro Manila terminal promises easier commute |last=News |first=Jessica Fenol and Mark Demayo, ABS-CBN |work=ABS-CBN News |access-date=2018-11-11 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111033218/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/06/18/airport-style-metro-manila-terminal-promises-easier-commute# |archive-date=2018-11-11 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/215925-photos-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange |title=LOOK: The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange |work=Rappler |access-date=2018-11-11 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105021338/https://www.rappler.com/business/215925-photos-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange# |archive-date=2018-11-05 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/215957-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange-guide |title=Here's your Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange guide |work=Rappler |access-date=2018-11-11 |language=en}}</ref>and other public utility vehicles<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/674254/some-buses-begin-using-pitx-landport-on-first-day-of-operations/story/ |title=Some buses begin using PITX 'landport' on first day of operations |work=GMA News Online |access-date=2018-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> headed for areas south of Metro Manila, including the provinces of [[Cavite]] and [[Batangas]], and vice versa. It is projected to accommodate around 200,000 passengers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/973192/pque-modern-transport-hub-nears-completion-dotr-dotr-transport-terminal-paranaque-lrt-1 |title=P’que modern transport hub nears completion—DOTr |last=Leonen |first=Julius N. |access-date=2018-09-19 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919061759/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/973192/pque-modern-transport-hub-nears-completion-dotr-dotr-transport-terminal-paranaque-lrt-1# |archive-date=2018-09-19 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref> The terminal is also planned to connect with the [[Asia World LRT station|Asia World station]] of the proposed [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1|Line 1 Cavite extension]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/215925-photos-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange |title=LOOK: The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange |work=Rappler |access-date=2018-11-11 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105021338/https://www.rappler.com/business/215925-photos-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange# |archive-date=2018-11-05 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/215925-photos-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange |title=LOOK: The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange |work=Rappler |access-date=2018-11-11 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105021338/https://www.rappler.com/business/215925-photos-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange# |archive-date=2018-11-05 |dead-url=no |df=}}</ref>


Opened on November 5, 2018,<ref name=open>{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2018 |title=Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) now open to serve commuters – Auto News |url=https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange-now-open-to-serve-commuters.html |access-date=November 4, 2019 |website=AutoIndustriya.com |language=en}}</ref> PITX serves as a hub for buses, [[jeepney]]s,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fenol |first=Jessica |last2=Demayo |first2=Mark |title=Airport-style Metro Manila terminal promises easier commute |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/06/18/airport-style-metro-manila-terminal-promises-easier-commute |url-status=live |access-date=November 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111033218/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/06/18/airport-style-metro-manila-terminal-promises-easier-commute |archive-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Rappler">{{Cite news |title=LOOK: The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/215925-photos-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange |url-status=live |access-date=November 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105021338/https://www.rappler.com/business/215925-photos-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange |archive-date=November 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Here's your Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange guide |work=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/215957-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange-guide |access-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref> and other public utility vehicles<ref>{{Cite news |title=Some buses begin using PITX 'landport' on first day of operations |work=GMA News Online |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/674254/some-buses-begin-using-pitx-landport-on-first-day-of-operations/story/ |access-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref> headed for areas north of Metro Manila and areas south of Metro Manila (including Southern Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao), and vice versa. It is projected to accommodate around 200,000 passengers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leonen |first=Julius N. |title=P'que modern transport hub nears completion—DOTr |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/973192/pque-modern-transport-hub-nears-completion-dotr-dotr-transport-terminal-paranaque-lrt-1 |url-status=live |access-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919061759/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/973192/pque-modern-transport-hub-nears-completion-dotr-dotr-transport-terminal-paranaque-lrt-1 |archive-date=September 19, 2018}}</ref> The terminal is also connected to its [[PITX station|namesake station]] of [[LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)|LRT Line 1]].<ref name="Rappler" />
==Location==
The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange is located on a {{convert|4.5|ha|adj=on}} site in AsiaWorld, a subdistrict of [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]] in Don Galo, Parañaque.<ref name="rappler1">{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/215957-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange-guide |title=Here's your Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange guide |publisher=[[Rappler]] |author=Rey, Aika |date=5 November 2018 |accessdate=25 March 2019}}</ref> It is situated near the north end of the [[Manila-Cavite Expressway]] just off [[Macapagal Boulevard]] and a couple of blocks south of [[NAIA Road]] adjacent to the former [[Uniwide Sales]] Coastal Mall. Nearby landmarks include the Marina Bay Town and the integrated resorts of [[Entertainment City]], including [[Okada Manila]], [[City of Dreams Manila]] and [[Solaire Resort & Casino]].


==Platforms==
== History ==
[[File:2166Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange 08.jpg|thumb|Ground floor of the Parañaque terminal]]
[[File:PITX logo.svg|thumb|left|Initial logo of PITX]]
On February 21, 2011, President [[Benigno Aquino III]] signed Executive Order No. 67, which sought for the establishment of integrated transport terminals in the north and south of [[Metro Manila]].<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=EO|number=67, s. 2012|url=https://lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo2012/eo_67_2012.html|title=Providing for the Establishment of the Integrated Transport System|date=February 21, 2011|accessdate=December 21, 2024}}</ref> This led to the inception of the present-day Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange, which was initially known as the Southwest Integrated Terminal Exchange (SWITEX) during the [[Presidency of Benigno Aquino III|Aquino administration]]. It was a [[public–private partnership]] (PPP) project that was bid out in 2014, ending up with 15 local bidders.<ref name=ppp /> In 2015, the [[Government of the Philippines|Philippine government]] signed a 35-year [[build–operate–transfer]] (BOT) contract with MWM Terminals Inc., a consortium of Megawide Construction Corporation and WM Properties Inc.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/672401/duterte-to-inaugurate-world-class-transport-hub-on-nov-4/story/|title=Duterte to inaugurate world-class transport hub on Nov. 5|date=October 25, 2018|accessdate=December 1, 2024|website=GMA Integrated News}}</ref> Originally scheduled to open in June 2018, its launch was delayed for unknown reasons,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ppp.gov.ph/in_the_news/duterte-to-inaugurate-phs-first-landport-and-modern-bus-terminal-on-nov-5/|title=Duterte to Inaugurate PH’s First ‘Landport’ and Modern Bus Terminal on Nov. 5|publisher=Entrepreneur|website=Public-Private Partnership Center|date=October 25, 2018|accessdate=December 1, 2024}}</ref> finally inaugurating on November 5, 2018, with a ceremony led by President [[Rodrigo Duterte]].<ref name=open />
The bus ticketing counters and boarding gates are located at the terminal's ground level, while the arrival bays are at the second level.<ref name="rappler1"/> For jeepneys, the loading bays are found on the north side of the terminal and the unloading bays are on the south. The [[UV Express]] departure and arrival platforms are all located on the terminal's third level. The taxi lane area can be found on the ground floor near the terminal's main entrance.<ref name="rappler1"/>


==Services==
== Location ==
The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange is located on a {{convert|4.5|ha|adj=on}} site in AsiaWorld, a subdistrict of [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]] in Parañaque,<ref name="rappler1">{{cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/215957-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange-guide|title=Here's your Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange guide|work=[[Rappler]]|author=Rey, Aika|date=November 5, 2018|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref> where {{convert|2.7|ha|adj=on}} is currently used for transport services, commercial spaces, and four office buildings,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pitx.ph/leasing-opportunity/office-spaces/|title=Office Spaces|website=PITX|accessdate=November 8, 2024}}</ref> while the remaining {{convert|1.8|ha|adj=on}} will serve as part of a {{Philippine peso|5 billion|link=yes}} expansion project of the terminal and will be allocated for additional bus services.<ref name="Megawide eyes EDSA Busway"/> <ref name="Megawide gets DOTr support for northern PITX facility">{{cite news |last1=Rosales |first1=Elijah Felice |title=Megawide gets DOTr support for northern PITX facility |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2023/02/27/2247825/megawide-gets-dotr-support-northern-pitx-facility |work=Philstar.com}}</ref> It is situated near the north end of the [[Manila–Cavite Expressway]] (CAVITEX) just off [[Macapagal Boulevard]] and a couple of blocks south of [[NAIA Road]] adjacent to the former [[Uniwide Sales]] Coastal Mall. Nearby landmarks include the Marina Bay Town and the integrated resorts of [[Entertainment City]], including [[Okada Manila]], [[City of Dreams Manila]] and [[Solaire Resort & Casino]].

== Platforms ==
[[File:2166Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange 08.jpg|thumb|Ground floor of PITX]]
The bus ticketing counters (named Ticket Booth 1 to 6) and boarding gates (named Gates 1 to 8) are located at the terminal's ground and second floor levels, while the arrival bays are only at the second and third gates of the second-floor level.<ref name="rappler1"/>

The modern jeepney ticketing counter, boarding gate, and the arrival bays are all located on the second-floor level. [https://news.biyaheroes.com/pitx-terminal-2023-complete-guide/ PITX food stalls] can be found in both the ground and second levels. For this reason, buses from [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] arrive at what are called "French Baked" gates. For traditional jeepneys, the loading bays are found on the north side of the terminal and the unloading bays are on the south. The [[UV Express]] departure and arrival platforms are all located on the third-floor level. The taxi lane area can be found on the ground floor near the main entrance.<ref name="rappler1"/>

== Services ==
[[File:4044Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange 07.jpg|thumb|[[QR code payment|QR code]]-capable turnstiles at boarding gate 9]]
[[File:4044Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange 07.jpg|thumb|[[QR code payment|QR code]]-capable turnstiles at boarding gate 9]]
[[File:PITX - ticketing hall (Parañaque; 11-01-2019).jpg|thumb|Ticketing hall]]
As of November 2018<ref name="rappler2">{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/216547-list-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange-routes |title=LIST: Available routes at Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange |publisher=[[Rappler]] |author=Rey, Aika |date=13 November 2018 |accessdate=25 March 2019}}</ref> and May 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=JAC LINER, INC |url=https://www.facebook.com/Jaclinerinc/posts/2475445722488473 |accessdate=04 June 2019 |date=03 May 2019}}</ref>, the Parañaque terminal services the following bus lines:
As of June 2023,<ref name="rappler2">{{cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/216547-list-paranaque-integrated-terminal-exchange-routes|title=LIST: Available routes at Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange|publisher=[[Rappler]]|author=Rey, Aika |date=November 13, 2018|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref><ref name="PITX">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pitx.com.ph/|title=PITX|website=www.pitx.com.ph|access-date=November 4, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Bicol">{{cite web |title=PITX |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/ParanaqueITX/posts/friends-kailangang-bumyahe-to-bicol-pwede-na-kayong-makasakay-sa-pitx-mula-pitx-/1584958174973654/ |access-date=November 7, 2019 |date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="lucena">{{cite web|title=JAC LINER, INC|website=[[Facebook]]|url=https://www.facebook.com/Jaclinerinc/posts/2475445722488473|date=May 3, 2019|access-date=June 4, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Baguio">{{cite web|url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/manila-baguio-p2p-buses-a4354-20190905|title=You can now get to Baguio City via a premium point-to-point bus|publisher=Top Gear Philippines|author=Grecia, Leandre|date=September 5, 2019|access-date=November 3, 2019}}</ref> PITX services the following routes:


=== Intercity ===
* [[Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service]] operates the express airport and intercity buses to the [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]], [[Makati CBD]] and [[Ortigas Center]] with coaches provided by UBE Express and Delta Neo Solutions (DNS).<ref name="rappler2"/>


==== Bus ====
* Intercity bus lines operate out of the terminal to [[Metro Manila]] destinations such as [[SM City Fairview]], [[Novaliches]], [[Bonifacio Monument]], Sapang Palay, [[Navotas]] and [[Malanday]].<ref name="rappler2"/>
* [[Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service]] operates express bus services to [[Baguio]], [[Batangas City]], and [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa]].
* Intercity bus lines operate out of the terminal to [[Metro Manila]] and surrounding destinations such as [[Bonifacio Monument|Monumento]] via [[EDSA Carousel]], [[Bonifacio Capital District|McKinley Hill]], [[Ciudad de Victoria]], Sapang Palay in [[San Jose del Monte]], [[Novaliches|Fairview]], [[Triangle Park (Quezon City)|Diliman]], [[Balagtas, Bulacan|Balagtas]], [[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Valenzuela]], [[Liwasang Bonifacio|Lawton]], [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|NAIA]], [[Alabang]], [[Cavite City]], [[Dasmariñas, Cavite|Dasmariñas]], [[Naic]], [[Trece Martires]], [[General Mariano Alvarez]], [[Rodriguez, Rizal|Montalban]], [[Navotas]], Pacita Complex in [[San Pedro, Laguna|San Pedro]], Balibago in [[Santa Rosa, Laguna|Santa Rosa]], and Lancaster New City.


==== Jeep ====
* Provincial bus lines operate to the following destinations in [[Batangas]]: [[Balayan]], [[Calatagan]], and [[Nasugbu]].<ref name="rappler2"/>
* Modern jeeps operate to [[Liwasang Bonifacio|Lawton]], MIA (NAIA Terminal 2), Nichols (NAIA Terminal 3), [[Sucat, Muntinlupa|Sucat]], [[Alabang]], [[SM Southmall]], [[Gil Puyat Avenue|Buendia]], [[Ocampo Street|Vito Cruz]], and [[SM Mall of Asia]].<ref name="rappler2" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://auto.yugatech.com/news/free-pitx-aseana-city-loop-apr-17-may-17/|title=Everyone gets a free ride for PITX-Aseana City Loop from April 17-May 17|first=Mikko|last=Juangco|date=April 19, 2023|accessdate=June 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/mobility/104842/the-ultimate-pitx-terminal-guide-for-first-time-visitors-a5138-20230522-lfrm2|title=Best PITX Guide: Bus and Jeepney Routes from Paranaque|date=May 22, 2023|accessdate=September 25, 2023|first=Leanna|last=Vibal|website=Spot.ph}}</ref>
* Traditional jeeps operate to [[Binondo]] ([[Divisoria]]), [[Blumentritt Road|Blumentritt]] via [[Santa Cruz, Manila|Santa Cruz]] and [[Quiapo, Manila|Quiapo]], and [[Sampaloc, Manila|Sampaloc]] (Dapitan) for northbound. These routes either go through [[Taft Avenue]] or [[Harrison Avenue]] for the way in the south. [[Alabang]], [[Food Terminal Incorporated|FTI]], SM Southmall, and [[Sucat, Muntinlupa|Sucat]] (via [[Elpidio Quirino Avenue|Quirino Avenue]] or [[Ninoy Aquino Avenue|Aquino Avenue]]) for eastbound.<ref name="mb">{{cite news|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/01/24/pitx-opened-to-20-new-routes/|title=PITX opened to 20 new routes|publisher=[[Manila Bulletin]]|date=January 24, 2019|first=Alexandria Dennise|last=San Juan}}</ref>


=== Provincial ===
* Provincial bus and jeepney lines operate to the following destinations in [[Cavite]]: [[Alfonso, Cavite|Alfonso]], [[Amadeo, Cavite|Amadeo]], [[Bacoor]], [[Dasmariñas]]-[[Dasmariñas Bagong Bayan|DBB]], [[Imus]], [[Indang]], [[Mendez, Cavite|Mendez]], [[Paliparan]]-Molino, [[Tagaytay]], [[Ternate, Cavite|Ternate]] and [[Trece Martires]].<ref name="rappler2"/>


==== Bus ====
* Provincial bus line operates to the following destination in [[Quezon]]: [[Lucena, Philippines|Lucena]].
* Provincial bus lines operate to and from the following destinations in [[Batangas]]: [[Balayan]], [[Calatagan]], [[Lemery, Batangas|Lemery]], [[Lian, Batangas|Lian]], [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa]], [[Nasugbu]], and [[San Juan, Batangas|San Juan]].
* Provincial bus lines operate to and from the following destinations in [[Cavite]]: [[Alfonso, Cavite|Alfonso]], [[Amadeo, Cavite|Amadeo]], [[Indang]], [[Mendez, Cavite|Mendez]], [[Silang, Cavite|Silang]], [[Tagaytay]], and [[Ternate, Cavite|Ternate]]
* Provincial bus lines operate to and from the following destinations in [[Bicol Region]]: [[Bulan, Sorsogon|Bulan]], [[Daet, Camarines Norte|Daet]], [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]], [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga]], [[Placer, Masbate|Placer]], [[Sorsogon City]], and [[Virac, Catanduanes|Virac]].<ref name="Bicol"/>
* [[JAC Liner]] – operates provincial bus service to and from [[Lucena]] in [[Quezon]]<ref name="lucena"/>
* Pangasinan Solid North Transit – operates [[Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service]] to and from [[Baguio]] bus route<ref name="Baguio"/>
* Provincial bus lines operate to and from [[San Jose, Occidental Mindoro]].
* CIBL Tourist Transport Inc. – operates provincial bus service to and from [[Palompon, Leyte]].
* [[Davao Metro Shuttle]] - operates provincial bus service to [[Davao City]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 16, 2022|title=Everything you need to know about the PITX–Davao City bus route|url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/pitx-to-davao-city-bus-route-price-schedule-travel-time-a2619-20220616|access-date=June 16, 2022|website=Top Gear Philippines}}</ref>
* Eastern Goldtrans Inc. - operates provincial bus service to [[Oras, Eastern Samar]] and [[San Jose, Dinagat Islands]]<ref name="Dinagat Islands"<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 6, 2023|title=Direct provincial bus service from PITX to Dinagat Islands|url=https://www.spot.ph/things-to-do/the-latest-things-to-do/104342/direct-bus-route-to-dinagat-islands-from-pitx-a3412-20230406|access-date=April 6, 2023|website=Spot.ph.}}</ref>
* [[Saulog Transit]] – operates provincial bus service to [[Olongapo]]
* [[Victory Liner]] - operates provincial bus service to [[Tuguegarao]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=845721580915533&id=100064330976034&mibextid=xfxF2i&rdid=rdPrElvQF74YZynk&share_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fshare%2Fp%2FnoBoUxfe6vQayX3R%2F%3Fmibextid%3DxfxF2i |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
* Twin Hearts Trans. Corp. – operates provincial bus service to [[Magallanes, Sorsogon]]


==== Jeep ====
* DyipKo operates modern jeepneys to [[Liwasang Bonifacio|Plaza Lawton]].<ref name="rappler2"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Routes |url=http://www.dyipko.com.ph/routes/#1519629001678-b3179d8e-9b3f |website=DyipKo |accessdate=29 March 2019}}</ref>
* Provincial modern jeeps operate to [[Dasmariñas]] (Pala-Pala and Paliparan) and [[Tanza]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BEEP Program |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/BEEPprogram/posts/have-you-seen-our-beeps-pitx-paliparan-sakay-na-commutingmadebetter-beepositive/2534993369890455/ |access-date=November 7, 2019 |date=September 9, 2019}}</ref>
* Provincial traditional jeeps operate to [[Dasmariñas]] - [[Dasmariñas Bagong Bayan|DBB]] and Paliparan; [[Imus]] - Anabu Kostal; and [[Bacoor]] - extending to [[Imus City]] Proper.


=== Interconnections ===
* SETSCO operates modern jeepneys to [[World Trade Center Metro Manila]] and [[Malate, Manila|Malate]]-[[Pablo Ocampo Street]].<ref name="rappler2"/>
[[File:Asiaworldpitxlink.jpg|thumb|PITX entrance from [[PITX station|its namesake station]]]]
* The terminal is linked to the [[PITX station|LRT-1 station of the same name]]

==== Future and proposed links ====
* A proposed spur line of the [[Metro Manila Subway]] will be linked to PITX.


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.pitx.com.ph Official website of Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange]
* [http://www.pitx.ph Official website of Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange]
* {{commonscat-inline}}

{{coord missing|Philippines}}

{{Metro Manila}}
{{Metro Manila}}
{{Transportation in the Philippines}}
{{Transportation in the Philippines}}
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[[Category:Buildings and structures in Parañaque]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Parañaque]]
[[Category:Bus stations in Metro Manila]]
[[Category:Bus stations in Metro Manila]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Transit centers in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Office buildings in Metro Manila]]

Latest revision as of 07:39, 21 December 2024

Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange
Intermodal
General information
Location1 Kennedy Road, Asiaworld,
Bay City, Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines
Coordinates14°30′36.432″N 120°59′28.68″E / 14.51012000°N 120.9913000°E / 14.51012000; 120.9913000
Owned byMWM Terminals[1]
Operated byMWM Terminals[1]
Bus routesBus interchange  E   4   5   6   7   14   18   22   23   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   34   43   47   52   55 
Bus stands10 gates and 60 bays[2]
ConnectionsTransfers to Intercity and Provincial buses, jeepneys, and UV Express
Metro interchange PITX
Construction
Parking852 slots[2]
Bicycle facilitiesYes
AccessibleYes
Other information
WebsitePITX
History
OpenedNovember 5, 2018; 6 years ago (2018-11-05) [1]
Previous namesSouthwest Integrated Terminal Exchange
Passengers
100,000 (daily average)[1]
170,000 (holidays)[3]
200,000 (designed capacity)[4]

The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX, Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈpitɛks]) is a public transport terminal in Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines.[5] PITX is built and operated by Megawide Construction Corporation and the Department of Transportation (DOTr) under the Philippine government's Public-Private Partnership program.[6][7]

It replaced the older Southwest Integrated Transport Terminal (SITT) initially located at the derelict Uniwide Coastal Mall, also in Parañaque,[8] which was transferred to HK Sun Plaza in Pasay as the Southwest Interim Provincial Terminal (SWIPT).[9] It is located on a reclaimed sea area of Manila Bay between Manila–Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX) and Macapagal Boulevard, thus on a reclaimed highway lot.

Opened on November 5, 2018,[10] PITX serves as a hub for buses, jeepneys,[11][12][13] and other public utility vehicles[14] headed for areas north of Metro Manila and areas south of Metro Manila (including Southern Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao), and vice versa. It is projected to accommodate around 200,000 passengers.[15] The terminal is also connected to its namesake station of LRT Line 1.[12]

History

[edit]
Initial logo of PITX

On February 21, 2011, President Benigno Aquino III signed Executive Order No. 67, which sought for the establishment of integrated transport terminals in the north and south of Metro Manila.[16] This led to the inception of the present-day Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange, which was initially known as the Southwest Integrated Terminal Exchange (SWITEX) during the Aquino administration. It was a public–private partnership (PPP) project that was bid out in 2014, ending up with 15 local bidders.[5] In 2015, the Philippine government signed a 35-year build–operate–transfer (BOT) contract with MWM Terminals Inc., a consortium of Megawide Construction Corporation and WM Properties Inc.[17] Originally scheduled to open in June 2018, its launch was delayed for unknown reasons,[18] finally inaugurating on November 5, 2018, with a ceremony led by President Rodrigo Duterte.[10]

Location

[edit]

The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange is located on a 4.5-hectare (11-acre) site in AsiaWorld, a subdistrict of Bay City in Parañaque,[19] where 2.7-hectare (6.7-acre) is currently used for transport services, commercial spaces, and four office buildings,[20] while the remaining 1.8-hectare (4.4-acre) will serve as part of a 5 billion expansion project of the terminal and will be allocated for additional bus services.[4] [21] It is situated near the north end of the Manila–Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX) just off Macapagal Boulevard and a couple of blocks south of NAIA Road adjacent to the former Uniwide Sales Coastal Mall. Nearby landmarks include the Marina Bay Town and the integrated resorts of Entertainment City, including Okada Manila, City of Dreams Manila and Solaire Resort & Casino.

Platforms

[edit]
Ground floor of PITX

The bus ticketing counters (named Ticket Booth 1 to 6) and boarding gates (named Gates 1 to 8) are located at the terminal's ground and second floor levels, while the arrival bays are only at the second and third gates of the second-floor level.[19]

The modern jeepney ticketing counter, boarding gate, and the arrival bays are all located on the second-floor level. PITX food stalls can be found in both the ground and second levels. For this reason, buses from Ninoy Aquino International Airport arrive at what are called "French Baked" gates. For traditional jeepneys, the loading bays are found on the north side of the terminal and the unloading bays are on the south. The UV Express departure and arrival platforms are all located on the third-floor level. The taxi lane area can be found on the ground floor near the main entrance.[19]

Services

[edit]
QR code-capable turnstiles at boarding gate 9
Ticketing hall

As of June 2023,[22][23][24][25][26] PITX services the following routes:

Intercity

[edit]

Bus

[edit]

Jeep

[edit]

Provincial

[edit]

Bus

[edit]

Jeep

[edit]

Interconnections

[edit]
PITX entrance from its namesake station
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Megawide poised to launch Parañaque transport terminal in November". Business World. Business World Online. October 7, 2018. Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
  2. ^ a b "PITX, country's first 'landport', set to open in November". Department of Transportation. October 25, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  3. ^ Bordey, Hana. "PITX expects up to 170K daily passengers during Christmas week". GMA News Online.
  4. ^ a b Rosales, Elijah Felice. "Megawide eyes EDSA Busway". Philstar.com.
  5. ^ a b "Southwest Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project (Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange) | PPP Center". ppp.gov.ph. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  6. ^ "Megawide bullish on revenues from transport terminal". Manila Standard. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  7. ^ "How Much Will Megawide Corp Earn From PH's First Modern Bus Terminal?". Entrepreneur.com.ph. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  8. ^ Gamil, Jaymee T. "Parañaque gov't welcomes centralized provincial bus terminal amid protests". Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  9. ^ "Regulation of provincial buses along EDSA starts August: MMDA". Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  10. ^ a b "Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) now open to serve commuters – Auto News". AutoIndustriya.com. November 6, 2018. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  11. ^ Fenol, Jessica; Demayo, Mark. "Airport-style Metro Manila terminal promises easier commute". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  12. ^ a b "LOOK: The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange". Rappler. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  13. ^ "Here's your Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange guide". Rappler. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  14. ^ "Some buses begin using PITX 'landport' on first day of operations". GMA News Online. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  15. ^ Leonen, Julius N. "P'que modern transport hub nears completion—DOTr". Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  16. ^ Executive Order No. 67, s. 2012 (February 21, 2011), Providing for the Establishment of the Integrated Transport System, retrieved December 21, 2024
  17. ^ "Duterte to inaugurate world-class transport hub on Nov. 5". GMA Integrated News. October 25, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2024.
  18. ^ "Duterte to Inaugurate PH's First 'Landport' and Modern Bus Terminal on Nov. 5". Public-Private Partnership Center. Entrepreneur. October 25, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2024.
  19. ^ a b c Rey, Aika (November 5, 2018). "Here's your Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange guide". Rappler. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  20. ^ "Office Spaces". PITX. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
  21. ^ Rosales, Elijah Felice. "Megawide gets DOTr support for northern PITX facility". Philstar.com.
  22. ^ a b Rey, Aika (November 13, 2018). "LIST: Available routes at Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange". Rappler. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  23. ^ "PITX". www.pitx.com.ph. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  24. ^ a b "PITX". Facebook. June 28, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  25. ^ a b "JAC LINER, INC". Facebook. May 3, 2019. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  26. ^ a b Grecia, Leandre (September 5, 2019). "You can now get to Baguio City via a premium point-to-point bus". Top Gear Philippines. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  27. ^ Juangco, Mikko (April 19, 2023). "Everyone gets a free ride for PITX-Aseana City Loop from April 17-May 17". Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  28. ^ Vibal, Leanna (May 22, 2023). "Best PITX Guide: Bus and Jeepney Routes from Paranaque". Spot.ph. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  29. ^ San Juan, Alexandria Dennise (January 24, 2019). "PITX opened to 20 new routes". Manila Bulletin.
  30. ^ "Everything you need to know about the PITX–Davao City bus route". Top Gear Philippines. August 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  31. ^ "Direct provincial bus service from PITX to Dinagat Islands". Spot.ph. April 6, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  32. ^ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
  33. ^ "BEEP Program". Facebook. September 9, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
[edit]