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Coordinates: 38°04′51″N 46°17′32″E / 38.08083°N 46.29222°E / 38.08083; 46.29222
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| Area = 28.9733 ha
| Area = 28.9733 ha
| Buffer_zone = 75.4082 ha
| Buffer_zone = 75.4082 ha
| Coordinates = {{coord|38|04|51|N|46|17|32|E}}
| Coordinates = {{coord|38|04|51|N|46|17|32|E|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = Iran
| locmapin = Iran#West Asia
}}
}}


The '''Bazaar of Tabriz''' ({{lang-fa|بازار تبریز}}, also [[Romanize]]d as ''Bāzār-e Tabriz'') is a historical market situated in the city center of [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]]. It is one of the oldest [[bazaar]]s in the [[Middle East]] and the largest covered bazaar in the world.<!-- It is said that it is the largest closed one-roofed structure in the world.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}--> {{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} It is one of [[Iran]]'s [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s.<ref name="Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex">{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1346 |title=Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |accessdate=1 July 2013}}</ref>
The '''Bazaar of Tabriz''' ({{langx|fa|بازار تبریز}}, also [[Romanize]]d as ''Bāzār-e Tabriz'' {{langx|az|تبریز بازاری}}, also [[Romanize]]d as ''Tabriz Bazari'') is a historical market situated in the city center of [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]]. It is one of the oldest [[bazaar]]s in the [[Middle East]] and the largest covered bazaar in the world.<ref>Mehdipour, H.R.N, "Persian Bazaar and Its Impact on Evolution of Historic Urban Cores: The Case of Isfahan," ''The Macrotheme Review'' [A multidisciplinary Journal of Global Macro Trends], Vol. 2, no. 5, 2013, p.14</ref> It is one of [[Iran]]'s [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s.<ref name="Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1346 |title=Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[Tabriz]] has been a place of cultural exchange since antiquity. Its historic bazaar complex is one of the most important commercial centres on the [[Silk Road]]. A bazaar has existed on the same site since the early periods of Iranian urbanism following Islam. The bazaar was mentioned by the Venetian traveler [[Marco Polo]], who claimed to have passed through it while journeying on the Silk Road. <ref>Assari,A., Mahesh, T.M., Emtehani, M.E. and Assari, E., "Comparative Sustainability of Bazaar in Iranian Traditional Cities: Case Studies of Isfahan and Tabriz," ''International Journal on “Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering”, '' Vol. 3, no. 9, 2011, pp 18-24</ref>
[[Tabriz]] has been a place of cultural exchange since antiquity. Its historic bazaar complex is one of the most important commercial centres on the [[Silk Road]]. A bazaar has existed on the same site since the early periods of Iranian urbanism following Islam. The bazaar was mentioned by the Venetian traveler [[Marco Polo]], who claimed to have passed through it while journeying on the Silk Road. <ref>Assari,A., Mahesh, T.M., Emtehani, M.E. and Assari, E., "Comparative Sustainability of Bazaar in Iranian Traditional Cities: Case Studies of Isfahan and Tabriz," ''International Journal on “Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering”, '' Vol. 3, no. 9, 2011, pp 18-24</ref>


[[Al-Maqdisi]] in 10th century, [[Yaqut al-Hamawi]] in ca. [[1213 CE]], [[Zakariya al-Qazwini]] in ca. [[1252 CE]], [[Marco Polo]] in [[1271 CE]], [[Odoric of Pordenone]] in ca. [[1321 CE]], [[Ibn Battuta]] in ca. [[1330 CE]], [[Ambrogio Contarini]] in [[1474 CE]], [[Hamdallah Mustawfi]] in around 13th to 14th century, John Cartwright in [[1606 CE]], [[Jean Chardin]] at the time of [[Suleiman I of Persia]], [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]] in ca. [[1636 CE]], [[Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri]] in ca. [[1642 CE]] and dozens of other explorers and historians have written about the Bazaar of Tabriz, which shows its importance and significance through the different periods of history.<ref>{{cite web |title=بازار بزرگ تبریز |url=https://tabriz.ir/Page/302/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2.html |website=Tabriz Municipality |access-date=17 November 2022 |language=FA |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725065352/https://tabriz.ir/Page/302/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Located in the center of the city of [[Tabriz]], [[Iran]], the structure consists of several sub-bazaars, such as Amir Bazaar (for gold and jewelry), Mozzafarieh (a carpet bazaar, sorted by knot size and type), shoe bazaar, and many other ones for various goods such as household items. Tabriz and its bazaar were at their most prosperous in the 16th century, when the town became the capital city of the [[Safavid]] kingdom. The city lost its status as a capital in the 17th century, but its bazaar has remained important as a commercial and economic center.<ref name="Ali Assari">{{cite journal|author=Assari, Ali|author2=Mahesh, Talkad|author3=Emtehani, Mohammed|author4=Assari, Erfan |title=Comparative sustainability of bazaar in Iranian traditional cities: case studies in Isfahan and Tabriz|journal=International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering|date=December 2011|volume=3|issue=9|pages=18–24|url=http://www.iotpe.com/IJTPE/IJTPE-2011/IJTPE-Issue9-Vol3-No4-Dec2011/3-IJTPE-Issue9-Vol3-No4-Dec2011-pp18-24.pdf}}</ref> Although numerous modern shops and malls have been established nowadays, Tabriz Bazaar has remained the economic heart of both the city and northwestern Iran.<ref>[http://chap.sch.ir/ketabDetail.asp?id=215 Editorial Board, East Azarbaijan Geography, Iranian Ministry of Education, 2000 Text Book in Persian] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616174038/http://chap.sch.ir/ketabDetail.asp?id=215 |date=June 16, 2008 }}</ref>


Located in the center of the city of [[Tabriz]], the structure is divided into rows, many devoted to particular categories of product. These include Amir Bazaar (for gold and jewelry), Mozzafarieh (hand woven rugs, sorted by knot size and type), Bashmakhchi Bazaar (shoes), Kiz Basdi Bazaar, and Rahli Bazaar (produce). Tabriz and its bazaar were at their most prosperous in the 16th century, when the town became the capital city of the [[Safavid]] kingdom. The city lost this status in the 17th century, but its bazaar has remained important as a commercial and economic hub in the region and on the silk road.<ref name="Ali Assari">{{cite journal|author=Assari, Ali|author2=Mahesh, Talkad|author3=Emtehani, Mohammed|author4=Assari, Erfan |title=Comparative sustainability of bazaar in Iranian traditional cities: case studies in Isfahan and Tabriz|journal=International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering|date=December 2011|volume=3|issue=9|pages=18–24|url=http://www.iotpe.com/IJTPE/IJTPE-2011/IJTPE-Issue9-Vol3-No4-Dec2011/3-IJTPE-Issue9-Vol3-No4-Dec2011-pp18-24.pdf}}</ref> Although numerous modern shops and malls have been established in recent years, Tabriz Bazaar has kept its vital role as economic hub of the city and northwestern Iran.<ref>[http://chap.sch.ir/ketabDetail.asp?id=215 Editorial Board, East Azarbaijan Geography, Iranian Ministry of Education, 2000 Text Book in Persian] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616174038/http://chap.sch.ir/ketabDetail.asp?id=215 |date=June 16, 2008 }}</ref>
Tabriz Bazaar has also been a place of political significance, and one can point out its importance in the [[Iranian Constitutional Revolution]] in the last century and [[Islamic Revolution]] in the contemporary time.


The bazaar was inscribed as a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] in July 2010.<ref name="Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/642 |title=World Heritage Committee inscribes seven cultural sites on World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |date=31 July 2010}}</ref>
The bazaar was inscribed as a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] in July 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/642 |title=World Heritage Committee inscribes seven cultural sites on World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |date=31 July 2010}}</ref>


==Ceremonies==
==Ceremonies==
The bazaar is used for some important religious ceremonies.
The bazaar is used for some important religious ceremonies. The most famous one is [[Day of Ashura]] during which merchants cease trading for about 10 days and religious ceremonies are held inside the bazaar. Like other bazaars in Middle East, there are several mosques constructed behind the bazaar, the most notable of them being [[Jamee mosque of Tabriz|Jome' Mosque]].


==Restoration==
==Restoration==
In 2000, the [[Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization|Historical Hermitages Organization]] of Iran begin a restoration project of the Bazaar, with the full participation of the shop owners. The rehabilitation project won the [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project.asp?id=3654 |title=Rehabilitation of Tabriz Bazaar |publisher=Aga Khan Development Network |accessdate=1 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706022648/http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project.asp?id=3654 |archive-date=6 July 2013 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
In 2000, the [[Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization|Historical Hermitages Organization]] of Iran begin a restoration project of the Bazaar, with the full participation of the shop owners. The rehabilitation project won the [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project.asp?id=3654 |title=Rehabilitation of Tabriz Bazaar |publisher=Aga Khan Development Network |access-date=1 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706022648/http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project.asp?id=3654 |archive-date=6 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Photo gallery==
==Photo gallery==
<gallery heights="90px" perrow="4">
<gallery heights="90px" perrow="4">
File:Mozzaffariyeh 2.jpg|Mozaffarieh, an alley in Bazaar which is devoted to handwoven rug.
File:Mozzaffariyeh 2.jpg|Mozaffarieh, a major row for hand woven rugs in Tabriz Grand Bazaar.
File:Ceiling of Mozaffariyeh, Grand Bazzar of Tabriz, IRAN.jpg|Mozaffariyeh, Bazzar of Tabriz.
File:Ceiling of Mozaffariyeh, Grand Bazzar of Tabriz, IRAN.jpg|Mozaffariyeh, Bazaar of Tabriz.
File:Mozaffariyeh Arcade.jpg|One of two entrance gates to Mozzafariyeh.
File:Mozaffariyeh Arcade.jpg|One of two entrance gates to Mozzafariyeh.
Image:Bazaar of Tabriz05.jpg|Dome in Amir Alley of Bazaar.
File:Bazaar of Tabriz - April 2009.jpg|Dome in Amir row of Bazaar.
File:Amir Timche.jpg|َCarvansaray near Amir Alley.
File:Amir Timche.jpg|َCarvansaray near Amir row.
File:Bazaar of Tabriz, carvaansray.jpg|A Carvansaray in Bazaar of Tabriz.
File:Bazaar of Tabriz, carvaansray.jpg|A [[caravanserai]] in the Bazaar of Tabriz.
File:Gan-Dallazan Bazar, Tabriz, Iran.jpg|"Gan Bazaar", literally translate to wide Bazaar.
File:Gan-Dallazan Bazar, Tabriz, Iran.jpg|Gan Bazaar, a row in Tabriz Grand Bazaar.
File:Gan-Dallazan Bazar II, Tabriz, Iran.jpg|"Gan" means Wide in Turkish language.
File:Gan-Dallazan Bazar II, Tabriz, Iran.jpg|Gan Bazaar, translates to wider bazaar, a row in Tabriz Grand Bazaar.
File:Tabriz Grand Bazar.jpg
File:The world heritage base of Tabriz historical market complex 1.jpg
File:Beautiful architecture tabriz bazaar.jpg
File:Bazar 105.jpg
File:Tabriz Bazar 002.jpg
File:Tabriz Bazar 003.jpg
File:Tabriz Bazar 001.jpg
File:Amiralley-Tabriz.JPG
File:Bazaar of Tabriz.JPG
File:Bazaar of gold, tabriz.jpg
File:The_Bazar_at_Tabriz.jpg
File:Carpet Bazaar of Tabriz.JPG
File:CarpetBazaar.Tabriz.jpg
File:CarpetBazaar2.Tabriz.jpg
File:Iran bazar tabriz street scene.jpg
File:Tabriz-Carpet_Bazaar.jpg
File:TabrizBazaar.JPG
File:TabrizBazar.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>


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*Levinson, David; Christensen, Karen (2002). ''Encyclopedia of Modern Asia''. New York: [[Scribner's]].
*Levinson, David; Christensen, Karen (2002). ''Encyclopedia of Modern Asia''. New York: [[Scribner's]].
*Swiętochowski, Thaddeus (1995). ''Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition''. New York: Columbia University Press.
*Swiętochowski, Thaddeus (1995). ''Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition''. New York: Columbia University Press.
*Hosseini, Hamid-Rezā (2 August 2010). [http://www.jadidonline.com/story/04102008/frnk/tabriz_bazzar "وسیع ترین بازار ایران"] [Largest bazaar in Iran]. Jadid Online. {{fa icon}}
*Hosseini, Hamid-Rezā (2 August 2010). [http://www.jadidonline.com/story/04102008/frnk/tabriz_bazzar "وسیع ترین بازار ایران"] [Largest bazaar in Iran]. Jadid Online. {{in lang|fa}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Bazaar of Tabriz}}
{{Commons category|Tabriz Bazaar}}
* [http://www.tishineh.com/touritem/200-9/Tabriz%20Historic%20Bazaar%20Complex Tishineh]
* [http://www.tishineh.com/touritem/200-9/Tabriz%20Historic%20Bazaar%20Complex Tishineh]
* [http://www.jadidonline.com/images/stories/flash_multimedia/Tabriz_bazzar_eng_test/bazzar_high.html "The Grand Bazaar of Tabriz"] (audio slideshow with English subtitles). Jadid Online.
* [http://www.jadidonline.com/images/stories/flash_multimedia/Tabriz_bazzar_eng_test/bazzar_high.html "The Grand Bazaar of Tabriz"] (audio slideshow with English subtitles). Jadid Online.
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{{Tabriz landmarks}}
{{Tabriz landmarks}}
{{Tabriz Monuments}}
{{Tabriz Monuments}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Iran}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Iran}}{{Bazaars in Iran}}{{Portalbar|Iran}}
{{Iranian Architecture}}
{{Portalbar|Iran}}


[[Category:Bazaars]]
[[Category:Bazaars]]
[[Category:Bazaars in Iran]]
[[Category:Bazaars in Iran]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Tabriz|Tabriz]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Tabriz|Tabriz]]
[[Category:Architecture of Iran]]
[[Category:Architecture in Iran]]
[[Category:Shopping malls established in the 16th century]]
[[Category:Shopping malls established in the 16th century]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Tabriz]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Tabriz]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Iran]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Iran]]
[[Category:National works of Iran]]

Latest revision as of 09:35, 30 October 2024

Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Mozaffariyeh, Grand Bazzar of Tabriz, Iran
LocationTabriz, Iran
CriteriaCultural: ii, iii, iv
Reference1346
Inscription2010 (34th Session)
Area28.9733 ha
Buffer zone75.4082 ha
Coordinates38°04′51″N 46°17′32″E / 38.08083°N 46.29222°E / 38.08083; 46.29222
Bazaar of Tabriz is located in Iran
Bazaar of Tabriz
Location of Bazaar of Tabriz in Iran
Bazaar of Tabriz is located in West and Central Asia
Bazaar of Tabriz
Bazaar of Tabriz (West and Central Asia)

The Bazaar of Tabriz (Persian: بازار تبریز, also Romanized as Bāzār-e Tabriz Azerbaijani: تبریز بازاری, also Romanized as Tabriz Bazari) is a historical market situated in the city center of Tabriz, Iran. It is one of the oldest bazaars in the Middle East and the largest covered bazaar in the world.[1] It is one of Iran's UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[2]

History

[edit]

Tabriz has been a place of cultural exchange since antiquity. Its historic bazaar complex is one of the most important commercial centres on the Silk Road. A bazaar has existed on the same site since the early periods of Iranian urbanism following Islam. The bazaar was mentioned by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo, who claimed to have passed through it while journeying on the Silk Road. [3]

Al-Maqdisi in 10th century, Yaqut al-Hamawi in ca. 1213 CE, Zakariya al-Qazwini in ca. 1252 CE, Marco Polo in 1271 CE, Odoric of Pordenone in ca. 1321 CE, Ibn Battuta in ca. 1330 CE, Ambrogio Contarini in 1474 CE, Hamdallah Mustawfi in around 13th to 14th century, John Cartwright in 1606 CE, Jean Chardin at the time of Suleiman I of Persia, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in ca. 1636 CE, Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri in ca. 1642 CE and dozens of other explorers and historians have written about the Bazaar of Tabriz, which shows its importance and significance through the different periods of history.[4]

Located in the center of the city of Tabriz, the structure is divided into rows, many devoted to particular categories of product. These include Amir Bazaar (for gold and jewelry), Mozzafarieh (hand woven rugs, sorted by knot size and type), Bashmakhchi Bazaar (shoes), Kiz Basdi Bazaar, and Rahli Bazaar (produce). Tabriz and its bazaar were at their most prosperous in the 16th century, when the town became the capital city of the Safavid kingdom. The city lost this status in the 17th century, but its bazaar has remained important as a commercial and economic hub in the region and on the silk road.[5] Although numerous modern shops and malls have been established in recent years, Tabriz Bazaar has kept its vital role as economic hub of the city and northwestern Iran.[6]

The bazaar was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in July 2010.[7]

Ceremonies

[edit]

The bazaar is used for some important religious ceremonies.

Restoration

[edit]

In 2000, the Historical Hermitages Organization of Iran begin a restoration project of the Bazaar, with the full participation of the shop owners. The rehabilitation project won the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2013.[8]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mehdipour, H.R.N, "Persian Bazaar and Its Impact on Evolution of Historic Urban Cores: The Case of Isfahan," The Macrotheme Review [A multidisciplinary Journal of Global Macro Trends], Vol. 2, no. 5, 2013, p.14
  2. ^ "Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  3. ^ Assari,A., Mahesh, T.M., Emtehani, M.E. and Assari, E., "Comparative Sustainability of Bazaar in Iranian Traditional Cities: Case Studies of Isfahan and Tabriz," International Journal on “Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering”, Vol. 3, no. 9, 2011, pp 18-24
  4. ^ "بازار بزرگ تبریز". Tabriz Municipality (in Persian). Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  5. ^ Assari, Ali; Mahesh, Talkad; Emtehani, Mohammed; Assari, Erfan (December 2011). "Comparative sustainability of bazaar in Iranian traditional cities: case studies in Isfahan and Tabriz" (PDF). International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering. 3 (9): 18–24.
  6. ^ Editorial Board, East Azarbaijan Geography, Iranian Ministry of Education, 2000 Text Book in Persian Archived June 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "World Heritage Committee inscribes seven cultural sites on World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 31 July 2010.
  8. ^ "Rehabilitation of Tabriz Bazaar". Aga Khan Development Network. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Gregorian, Vartan (2003). The Road to Home: My Life and Times. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Levinson, David; Christensen, Karen (2002). Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. New York: Scribner's.
  • Swiętochowski, Thaddeus (1995). Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Hosseini, Hamid-Rezā (2 August 2010). "وسیع ترین بازار ایران" [Largest bazaar in Iran]. Jadid Online. (in Persian)
[edit]