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{{Infobox Locomotive
{{Infobox Locomotive
|name = USRA 2-8-8-2
| name = USRA 2-8-8-2
|image = USRA 2-8-8-2.jpg
| image = USRA 2-8-8-2.jpg
|caption = Virginian 900, prior to its refusal by the Virginian Railway. It (and VGN 901–904) became [[Norfolk and Western Railway]] 2000–2004, class Y-3.
| caption = Virginian No. 900, prior to its refusal by the Virginian Railway. It (and VGN Nos. 901–904) became Norfolk and Western Y3 class locomotives Nos. 2000–2004.
|powertype = Steam
| powertype = Steam
|builder = [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]], [[Baldwin Locomotive Works|Baldwin]]
| builder = [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]], [[Baldwin Locomotive Works|Baldwin]]
|builddate =
| serialnumber =
| builddate =
|totalproduction = 80 originals, plus copies
| totalproduction = 80 originals, (plus 81 copies)
|whytetype = [[2-8-8-2]]
| whytetype = [[2-8-8-2]]
|uicclass = (1′D)D1′ h4v
| uicclass = (1′D)D1′ h4v
|gauge = {{track gauge|ussg}}
| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg}}
|leadingdiameter =
| leadingdiameter =
|driverdiameter = {{convert|57|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| driverdiameter = {{convert|57|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|trailingdiameter =
| trailingdiameter =
|wheelbase =
|length =
| wheelbase =
|width =
| length =
|height =
| width =
|axleload =
| height =
| axleload =
⚫
|weightondrivers = {{convert|474000|lb|t|1|abbr=on}}
|locoweight = {{convert|531000|lb|t|1|abbr=on}}
| weightondrivers = {{convert|474000|lb|t|1|abbr=on}}
⚫
| locoweight = {{convert|531000|lb|t|1|abbr=on}}
|locotenderweight =
| locotenderweight =
|fueltype = [[Coal]]
| fueltype = [[Coal]]
|fuelcap =
|watercap =
| fuelcap =
|boiler =
| watercap =
| boiler =
|boilerpressure = {{convert|240|lbf/in2|MPa|2|abbr=on}}
| boilerpressure = {{convert|240|lbf/in2|MPa|2|abbr=on}}
|feedwaterheater =
| feedwaterheater =
|firearea =
|tubearea =
| firearea =
|fluearea =
| tubearea =
|tubesandflues =
| fluearea =
|fireboxarea =
| tubesandflues =
|totalsurface =
| fireboxarea =
|superheatertype =
| totalsurface =
| superheatertype =
|superheaterarea =
| superheaterarea =
|cylindercount = Four, two LP (front), two HP (rear)
| cylindercount = Four, two LP (front), two HP (rear)
⚫
|hpcylindersize = {{convert|23|x|32|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|lpcylindersize = {{convert|39|x|32|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| hpcylindersize = {{convert|23|x|32|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
⚫
| lpcylindersize = {{convert|39|x|32|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|valvegear =
| valvegear = Baker
|tractiveeffort = {{convert|101300|lbf|kN|1|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|101300|lbf|kN|1|abbr=on}}
|factorofadhesion =
| factorofadhesion =
|locobrakes = Air
|trainbrakes = Air
| locobrakes = Air
| trainbrakes = Air
|operator =
|operatorclass =
| operator =
|numinclass =
| operatorclass =
|fleetnumbers =
| numinclass =
| fleetnumbers =
|locale=
|retiredate =
| locale =
| retiredate =
|disposition = One copy (N&W 2050) preserved, remainder scrapped
| disposition = One copy (N&W 2050) preserved, remainder scrapped
}}
}}
The '''USRA 2-8-8-2''' was a [[USRA standard]] class of [[steam locomotive]] designed under the control of the [[United States Railroad Administration]], the nationalized railroad system in the [[United States]] during [[World War I]]. These locomotives were of [[2-8-8-2]] wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or (1'D)'D1' in UIC classification. A total of 106 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a de facto standard design.
The '''USRA 2-8-8-2''' was a [[USRA standard]] class of [[steam locomotive]] designed under the control of the [[United States Railroad Administration]], the nationalized railroad system in the [[United States]] during [[World War I]]. These locomotives were of 2-8-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or (1'D)'D1' in UIC classification. A total of 106 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a de facto standard design.


==History==
==History==
While the 2-8-8-2 had been built in the United States since 1909,<ref name=Drury-2882>E. W. King, Jr. in Drury pp.298–299</ref> most development work had gone into making subsequent locomotives larger and heavier. The [[Norfolk and Western Railway]] however, had taken development in a different direction. By using smaller cylinders and higher boiler pressure, the result was a locomotive capable of powerful performance, and a turn of speed higher than the {{convert|20|mph|abbr=on}} maximum of the ‘traditional’ designs.<ref name=Drury-2882 />
While the 2-8-8-2 had been built in the United States since 1909,<ref name=Drury-2882>E. W. King, Jr. in Drury pp.298–299</ref> most development work had gone into making subsequent locomotives larger and heavier. The Norfolk and Western Railway however, had taken development in a different direction. By using smaller cylinders and higher boiler pressure, the result was a locomotive capable of powerful performance, and a turn of speed higher than the {{convert|20|mph|abbr=on}} maximum of the ‘traditional’ designs.<ref name=Drury-2882 />


The USRA 2-8-8-2 drew heavily on the Norfolk and Western Railway’s Y-2 class locomotive design, as their delegate to the 2-8-8-2 design committee had brought a full set of [[blueprint]]s.<ref>E. W. King, Jr. in Drury p.299</ref>
The USRA 2-8-8-2 drew heavily on the Norfolk and Western Railway’s Y2 class locomotive design, as their delegate to the 2-8-8-2 design committee had brought a full set of [[blueprint]]s.<ref>E. W. King, Jr. in Drury p.299</ref>


==Original owners==
==Original owners==
Line 62: Line 63:
{|class="wikitable sortable"
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Railroad !! Quantity !! Class !! Road numbers !! Notes
!Railroad !! Quantity !! Class !! Road numbers !! Notes
|-
|[[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]]
|<center>26</center>
|
|<center>7145–7170</center>
|rebuilt to [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad EL-5 class|EL-5 class]] [[2-8-8-0]]<ref>Drury p.47</ref> NOTE: The B&O EL-5 locomotives were NOT USRA types with the trailing trucks removed. Lawrence [Larry] Sagle, primary author of B&O Power is likely the one responsible for this canard. Considering that most people think his book to be the standard work on B&O motive power, they apparently just keep repeating the error. Sagle was a B&O employee [ran public relations] and should have known better. Check out Sagle's figures on the EL-5 [cylinders, driver diameter boiler pressure, etc. - page 169 of B&O Power] and compare with the figures for the USRA locos as cited here, then check out the stats for the N&W Y-3 types as given on page 34 of Rosenberg & Archer's Norfolk & Western Steam [The Last 25 Years]
|-
|-
|[[Clinchfield Railroad]]
|[[Clinchfield Railroad]]
|<center>10</center>
|{{center|10}}
|<center>[[Clinchfield Railroad L-2 class|L-2]]</center>
|{{center|[[Clinchfield Railroad L-2 class|L-2]]}}
|<center>725–734</center>
|{{center|725–734}}
|<ref name=Drury-CRR>Drury pp.131, 133</ref>
|<ref name=Drury-CRR>Drury pp.131, 133</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Norfolk and Western Railway]]
|[[Norfolk and Western Railway]]
|<center>45</center>
|{{center|45}}
|<center>[[Norfolk and Western Railway Y-3 class|Y-3]]</center>
|{{center|[[Norfolk and Western Y3 class|Y3]]}}
|<center>2005–2049</center>
|{{center|2005–2049}}
|<ref name=Drury-N&W>E. W. King, Jr. in Drury pp.299, 308</ref>
|<ref name=Drury-N&W>E. W. King, Jr. in Drury pp.299, 308</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Virginian Railway]]
|[[Virginian Railway]]
|<center>5</center>
|{{center|5}}
|<center>—</center>
|{{center|—}}
|<center>900–904</center>
|{{center|900–904}}
|Refused, to Norfolk & Western 2000–2004<ref name=Drury-VGN>E. W. King, Jr in Drury pp.417, 419</ref>
|Refused, to Norfolk and Western 2000–2004<ref name=Drury-VGN>E. W. King, Jr in Drury pp.417, 419</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Virginian Railway]]
|[[Virginian Railway]]
| <center>20</center>
| {{center|20}}
| <center>USA</center>
| {{center|USA}}
| <center>701–720</center>
| {{center|701–720}}
|<ref name=Drury-VGN />
|<ref name=Drury-VGN />
|-
|-
Line 101: Line 96:
|-
|-
|[[Clinchfield Railroad]]
|[[Clinchfield Railroad]]
|<center>10</center>
|{{center|10}}
|<center>[[Clinchfield Railroad L-3 class|L-3]]</center>
|{{center|[[Clinchfield Railroad L-3 class|L-3]]}}
|<center>725–735</center>
|{{center|735–744}}
|<ref name=Drury-CRR />
|<ref name=Drury-CRR />
|-
|-
|[[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]]
|[[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]]
|<center>10</center>
|{{center|10}}
|<center>[[D&RGW L-107 class|L-107]]</center>
|{{center|[[D&RGW L-107 class|L-107]]}}
|<center>3500–3509</center>
|{{center|3500–3509}}
|<ref>Drury pp.157, 161</ref>
|<ref>Drury pp.157, 161</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Interstate Railway]]
|[[Interstate Railroad|Interstate Railway]]
|{{center|2}}
|
|[[Interstate Railroad Class 20 2-8-8-2|Class 20]]
|
|{{center|20-21}}
|
|<ref name=Drury-2882 />
|<ref name=Drury-2882 />
|-
|-
|[[Norfolk and Western Railway]]
|[[Norfolk and Western Railway]]
|<center>30</center>
|{{center|30}}
|{{center|Y3a}}
|<center>[[Norfolk and Western Railway Y-3 class|Y-3a]]</center>
|<center>2050–2079</center>
|{{center|2050–2079}}
|<ref name=Drury-N&W />
|<ref name=Drury-N&W />
|-
|-
|[[Norfolk and Western Railway]]
|[[Norfolk and Western Railway]]
|<center>45</center>
|{{center|10}}
|{{center|Y3b}}
|<center>[[Norfolk and Western Railway Y-3 class|Y-3b]]</center>
|<center>2080–2089</center>
|{{center|2080–2089}}
|Later re-classed as [[Norfolk and Western Railway Y-4 class|Y-4]]<ref name=Drury-N&W />
|Later reclassified as Y-4’s<ref name=Drury-N&W />
|-
|-
|[[Northern Pacific Railway]]
|[[Northern Pacific Railway]]
|<center>4</center>
|{{center|4}}
|<center>[[Northern Pacific Railway Z-4 class|Z-4]]</center>
|{{center|[[Northern Pacific Railway Z-4 class|Z-4]]}}
|<center>4500–4503</center>
|{{center|4500–4503}}
|<ref>Drury pp.310, 317</ref>
|<ref>Drury pp.310, 317</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Virginian Railway]]
|[[Virginian Railway]]
|<center>15</center>
|{{center|15}}
|<center>USB</center>
|{{center|USB}}
|<center>721–735</center>
|{{center|721–735}}
|<ref name=Drury-VGN />
|<ref name=Drury-VGN />
|-
|-
!Total !! !! !! !!
!Total !!81
! !! !!
|}
|}


==Survivor==
==Preservation==
{{Main|Norfolk and Western 2050}}
Although no original USRA 2-8-8-2 survives, one of the copies does. Norfolk & Western 2050, a 1923 [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]] product of N&W's Y-3a class, is on display at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]].
While none of the original USRA 2-8-8-2’s are preserved, one of the copies is. Norfolk and Western 2050, a 1923 [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]] product of N&W's [[Norfolk and Western Y3 class|Y3a class]], is on static display at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]] in [[Union, Illinois]].
{{clear|left}}


==References==
==References==
Line 168: Line 166:
[[Category:Freight locomotives]]
[[Category:Freight locomotives]]
[[Category:Standard gauge locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Standard gauge locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Locomotive designs used by multiple railways]]

Latest revision as of 01:17, 21 October 2024

USRA 2-8-8-2
Virginian No. 900, prior to its refusal by the Virginian Railway. It (and VGN Nos. 901–904) became Norfolk and Western Y3 class locomotives Nos. 2000–2004.
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderALCO, Baldwin
Total produced80 originals, (plus 81 copies)
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-8-8-2
 • UIC(1′D)D1′ h4v
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Driver dia.57 in (1,448 mm)
Adhesive weight474,000 lb (215.0 t)
Loco weight531,000 lb (240.9 t)
Fuel typeCoal
Boiler pressure240 lbf/in2 (1.65 MPa)
CylindersFour, two LP (front), two HP (rear)
High-pressure cylinder23 in × 32 in (584 mm × 813 mm)
Low-pressure cylinder39 in × 32 in (991 mm × 813 mm)
Valve gearBaker
Loco brakeAir
Train brakesAir
Performance figures
Tractive effort101,300 lbf (450.6 kN)
Career
DispositionOne copy (N&W 2050) preserved, remainder scrapped

The USRA 2-8-8-2 was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. These locomotives were of 2-8-8-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or (1'D)'D1' in UIC classification. A total of 106 locomotives were built to this plan for the USRA; postwar, it became a de facto standard design.

History

[edit]

While the 2-8-8-2 had been built in the United States since 1909,[1] most development work had gone into making subsequent locomotives larger and heavier. The Norfolk and Western Railway however, had taken development in a different direction. By using smaller cylinders and higher boiler pressure, the result was a locomotive capable of powerful performance, and a turn of speed higher than the 20 mph (32 km/h) maximum of the ‘traditional’ designs.[1]

The USRA 2-8-8-2 drew heavily on the Norfolk and Western Railway’s Y2 class locomotive design, as their delegate to the 2-8-8-2 design committee had brought a full set of blueprints.[2]

Original owners

[edit]

USRA originals

[edit]
Railroad Quantity Class Road numbers Notes
Clinchfield Railroad
10
L-2
725–734
 [3]
Norfolk and Western Railway
45
Y3
2005–2049
 [4]
Virginian Railway
5
—
900–904
 Refused, to Norfolk and Western 2000–2004[5]
Virginian Railway
20
USA
701–720
 [5]
Total 80

Copies

[edit]
Railroad Quantity Class Road numbers Notes
Clinchfield Railroad
10
L-3
735–744
 [3]
Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad
10
L-107
3500–3509
 [6]
Interstate Railway
2
 Class 20
20-21
 [1]
Norfolk and Western Railway
30
Y3a
2050–2079
 [4]
Norfolk and Western Railway
10
Y3b
2080–2089
 Later reclassified as Y-4’s[4]
Northern Pacific Railway
4
Z-4
4500–4503
 [7]
Virginian Railway
15
USB
721–735
 [5]
Total 81

Preservation

[edit]
Main article: Norfolk and Western 2050

While none of the original USRA 2-8-8-2’s are preserved, one of the copies is. Norfolk and Western 2050, a 1923 ALCO product of N&W's Y3a class, is on static display at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois.

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c E. W. King, Jr. in Drury pp.298–299
  2. ^ E. W. King, Jr. in Drury p.299
  3. ^ a b Drury pp.131, 133
  4. ^ a b c E. W. King, Jr. in Drury pp.299, 308
  5. ^ a b c E. W. King, Jr in Drury pp.417, 419
  6. ^ Drury pp.157, 161
  7. ^ Drury pp.310, 317

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Drury, George H. (1993), Guide to North American Steam Locomotives, Waukesha, Wisconsin: Kalmbach Publishing Company, ISBN 0-89024-206-2, LCCN 93041472
  • Westcott, Linn H. (1960). Model Railroader Cyclopedia, volume 1, Steam Locomotives. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Kalmbach Publishing Company. ISBN 0-89024-001-9.
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