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{{Short description|Computing company founded in 2014}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Quantinuum
| name = Cambridge Quantum Computing Limited.
| logo = Quantinuum_(word_trademark).svg
| logo = Cambridge Quantum Computing Corporate Logo.png
| type = [[Privately Held Company]]
| type = [[Privately Held Company]]
| foundation = {{start date|2014}}
| foundation = {{start date|2021}}
| location_city = [[Cambridge]]
| location_city = [[Cambridge, UK]] [[Broomfield, Colorado]]
| location_country = [[England]]
| location_country = [[USA]]
| key_people = [[Ilyas Khan]] <small>([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])</small><br/>Niels Nielsen <small>([[Chairman]])</small>
| key_people = {{ubl| Rajeeb Hazra (CEO) | [[Ilyas Khan]] (Cambridge Quantum founder, Chief Product Officer)}}
| industry = [[Quantum Computing]]
| industry = [[Quantum Computing]]
| num_employees = 80 (2019)
| num_employees = 450
| products = {{ubl|IronBridge|Eumen|t<math>{\mid}</math>ket⟩}}
| products = {{ubl|Quantum Origin|InQuanto|TKET|H-Series quantum computers}}
| homepage = {{URL|quantinuum.com}}
| subsid = Cambridge Quantum Computing, LLC
| homepage = {{url|cambridgequantum.com}}
}}
}}


'''Quantinuum''' is a [[quantum computing]] company formed by the merger of '''Cambridge Quantum''' and '''Honeywell Quantum Solutions'''.<ref name="CQ HW">{{Cite web |title=Quantinuum: A New Quantum Computing Company Is Formed From Merger Of Honeywell Quantum Solutions And Cambridge Quantum |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2021/12/01/quantinuum-a-new-quantum-computing-company-is-formed-from-merger-of-honeywell-quantum-solutions-and-cambridge-quantum/ |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=Forbes |language=en-US}}</ref> The company's H-Series [[trapped-ion quantum computer]]s set the highest [[quantum volume]] to date of 1,048,576 in April 2024.<ref name="QV">{{cite web |last=Swayne |first=Matt |date=2024-04-16 |title='Three Nines' Surpassed: Quantinuum Notches Milestones For Hardware Fidelity And Quantum Volume|url=https://thequantuminsider.com/2024/04/16/three-nines-surpassed-quantinuum-notches-milestones-for-hardware-fidelity-and-quantum-volume/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=The Quantum Insider}}</ref> This architecture supports all-to-all qubit connectivity, allowing entangled states to be created between all qubits, and enables a high [[fidelity of quantum states]].<ref name="CEO">{{cite web |last=Smith-Goodson |first=Paul |date=2023-02-22 |title=Quantinuum's New CEO Wants To Build The World's Most Valuable Quantum Company (And He Has The Expertise To Do It) |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2023/02/22/quantinuums-new-ceo-wants-to-build-the-worlds-most-valuable-quantum-company-and-he-has-the-expertise-to-do-it/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
'''Cambridge Quantum Computing''' ('''CQC''') is an independent [[quantum computing]] company, based in [[Cambridge]], [[England]]. Founded in 2014, CQC builds tools for the commercialization of quantum technologies with a focus on quantum software and quantum cybersecurity.<ref name=bcgquantum>
{{cite web|url=https://www.bcg.com/en-us/publications/2018/next-decade-quantum-computing-how-play.aspx
|title=The Next Decade in Quantum Computing—and How to Play
|website=www.bcg.org
|date=2018-11-15
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref><ref name=washingtonpostqc>
{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/why-quantum-computers-will-be-super-awesome-someday/2018/06/29/81cd9df2-7b5b-11e8-ac4e-421ef7165923_story.html?utm_term=.a25c7d3e7afa
|title=Why Quantum Computers Will Be Super Awesome, Someday
|website=www.washingtonpost.com
|date=2018-06-29
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref> CQC has developed a platform agnostic quantum compiler, t<math>{\mid}</math>ket⟩, around which the company has built enterprise applications for [[quantum chemistry]], [[quantum machine learning]], [[quantum cryptography]] and [[quantum finance]].
<ref name=cqcquantumbusiness>
{{cite web|url=http://quantumbusiness.org/quantum-business-innovators-series-cambridge-quantum-computing-are/
|title=Cambridge Quantum Computing Are Bringing Us Closer To A Quantum World
|website=www.quantumbusiness.org
|date=2018-03-06
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>
<ref name=ibmcqc>
{{cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/02/q-network-quantum-goals/
|title=The IBM Q Network: Organizations Collaborate on Quantum Goals
|website=www.ibm.com
|date=2019-02-13
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>


Quantinuum has developed [[middleware]] and software products that run on trapped-ion and other quantum computing platforms for cybersecurity, [[quantum chemistry]], [[quantum machine learning]], [[quantum Monte Carlo]] integration, and [[quantum artificial intelligence]].<ref name="CQ HW" /> The company also offers quantum-computing-hardened encryption keys designed to protect data assets and enhance cryptographic defenses.<ref name="QO">{{cite web |last=Black |first=Thomas |date=2021-12-06 |title=Honeywell Unit Offers First-Ever Quantum-Created Encryption Key |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-12-07/honeywell-unit-offers-first-ever-quantum-created-encryption-key#xj4y7vzkg |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
CQC was selected as one of [[Bloomberg L.P]] Business’ Top 50 Innovators in 2016.
<ref name=bloomberginnovate>
{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/ukinnovators/
|title=Bloomberg Business Innovators 2016
|website=www.bloomberg.com
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>

In 2019, CQC unveiled Ironbridge, the first commercially available quantum cryptographic device at the [[RSA Conference]] in San Francisco.
<ref name=eennewsironbridge>
{{cite web|url=https://www.eenewsanalog.com/news/first-commercially-ready-certifiable-quantum-cryptographic-device/page/0/1
|title=First commercially-ready certifiable quantum cryptographic device
|website=www.eenewsanalog.com
|date=2019-03-04
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>


==History==
==History==
Formed in 2021, Quantinuum is the combination of the quantum hardware team from Honeywell Quantum Solutions (HQS) and the quantum software team at Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC).<ref name="CQ HW" />
CQC was established in 2014, and conceived through the [[University of Cambridge]]'s “Accelerate Cambridge” program.<ref name=cqcquantumbusiness/> [[Béla Bollobás]], [[Imre Leader]] and [[Simone Severini]] were its first scientific advisors.

HQS was founded in 2014.<ref name="HW BG">{{cite web |last=Feldman |first=Michael |date=2019-05-28 |title=Honeywell One Step Closer to Universal Quantum Computer |url=https://www.nextplatform.com/2019/05/28/honeywell-one-step-closer-to-universal-quantum-computer/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=The Next Platform}}</ref> The company used a [[Ion trap|trapped-ion]] architecture for its quantum computing hardware, which Honeywell believed could be used to fulfill the needs of its various business units in aerospace, building technology, performance materials, safety and productivity solutions.<ref name="HW Optimization">{{cite web |title=Quantum Computing for Optimization Applications |url=https://www.honeywell.com/content/dam/honeywellbt/en/documents/downloads/Honeywell-Quantum-Optimization-Report.pdf |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Honeywell}}</ref>

CQC was founded in 2014 as an independent quantum computing company through the [[University of Cambridge]]’s “Accelerate Cambridge” program. CQC focused on building tools for the commercialization of quantum technologies with a focus on quantum software and quantum cybersecurity. By coming together as Quantinuum, the company offers an integrated, end-to-end quantum platform.<ref name="CQ HW" />

[[Ilyas Khan]], the founder of Cambridge Quantum, the founding chairman of the [[Stephen Hawking]] Foundation, and fellow at [[Cambridge Judge Business School]], was named the CEO of Quantinuum. Tony Uttley, formerly an operations manager at [[NASA]] and president of Honeywell Quantum Solutions, served as the president and chief operating officer through 2023.<ref name="CQ HW" /><ref name="Uttley">{{cite web |last=Moorhead |first=Patrick |date=2020-09-24 |title=Honeywell's Tony Uttley And The Quest For Quantum |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2020/09/24/honeywells-tony-uttley-and-the-quest-for-quantum/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Forbes}}</ref> In 2023, Quantinuum named Rajeeb “Raj” Hazra, formerly a corporate vice president and general manager at [[Intel]], as the new CEO of Quantinuum. Hazra has over 30 years of experience working in supercomputing, quantum and other technical roles. Khan was named chief product officer and vice chair of the board of directors.<ref name="CEO" />

In January 2024, Quantinuum announced an equity funding round of $300 million led by JPMorgan Chase. The company has raised $625 million in total and is valued at $5 billion.<ref name="5B">{{cite web |date=2024-01-16 |title=Honeywell's quantum computing firm valued at $5 billion after latest fundraise |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/honeywells-quantum-computing-firm-valued-5-billion-after-latest-fundraise-2024-01-16/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Honeywell was in an early phase of exploring an [[initial public offering]] of the company in July 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chan |first1=Vinicy |last2=Nair |first2=Dinesh |title=Honeywell Weighs Quantinuum IPO at $10 Billion Valuation |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-26/honeywell-said-to-weigh-quantinuum-ipo-at-10-billion-valuation |access-date=26 July 2024 |work=Bloomberg.com |date=26 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Technology and products==
===H-Series===
When developing its H-Series quantum computers, Powered by [[Honeywell]], Quantinuum chose a quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture as its path to scalable universal quantum computing because it allows full connectivity between identical high-fidelity qubits (atomic ions).<ref name="CEO" />

Quantinuum launched its first generation of quantum computers with the System Model H1-1, a trapped-ion computer running on 12 qubits, in 2020.<ref name="H1">{{cite web |last=Swayne |first=Matt |date=2021-12-30 |title=Quantinuum Says Its System Model H1-2 First To Prove 2,048 Quantum Volume, 10X Increase In Under A Year |url=https://thequantuminsider.com/2021/12/30/quantinuum-says-its-system-model-h1-2-first-to-prove-2048-quantum-volume-10x-increase-in-under-a-year/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=The Quantum Insider}}</ref>

In May 2023, Quantinuum launched the System Model H2, with a quantum volume of 65,536 (2<sup>16</sup>), the largest on record at that time. The H2 achieved the largest [[GHZ state]] on record, the first demonstration of magic state distillation, and the first demonstration of the creation and control of topological qubits whose linking properties can help make quantum computing fault-tolerant.<ref name="Topological">{{cite journal |last=Castelvecchi |first=Davide |date=2023-05-09 |title=Physicists Create Long-Sought Topological Quantum States |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01574-0 |access-date=2023-08-29 |journal=Nature |volume=617 |issue=7961 |pages=445–446 |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-01574-0 |pmid=37160988 |bibcode=2023Natur.617..445C |s2cid=258590097 }}</ref><ref name="H2">{{cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title=Quantinuum Unveils System Model H2: A Major Leap Towards Fault Tolerant Quantum Computing |url=https://www.hpcwire.com/off-the-wire/quantinuum-unveils-system-model-h2-a-major-leap-towards-fault-tolerant-quantum-computing/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=HPCwire}}</ref> Braiding quasiparticles called non-Abelian [[anyons]] creates a historical record of the event, and the paths they trace are more robust to errors, which could eventually lead to the development of a [[topological quantum computer]].<ref name="Topological" />

The H-Series systems have consistently broken records for quantum volume, recently reaching a quantum volume of 1,048,576 (2<sup>20</sup>) in April 2024.<ref name="QV" /> Quantum volume is one of 15 performance benchmarks that Quantinuum scientists measured on the latest generation of its trapped-ion quantum computer which{{what?|date=January 2024}} are available on arXiv and GitHub.<ref name="Benchmarking">{{cite web |last=Swayne |first=Matt |date=2023-05-17 |title=Quantinuum Scientists Say Benchmarking Data On System Model H2 Show Its The Quantum Computer To Beat |url=https://thequantuminsider.com/2023/05/17/quantinuum-scientists-say-benchmarking-data-on-system-model-h2-shows-its-the-quantum-computer-to-beat/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=The Quantum Insider}}</ref>

The company also holds the record for two-qubit gate fidelity, becoming the first to reach 99.9%. [[Microsoft]] and Quantinuum created four logical qubits on the H2 quantum computer, running 14,000 experiments without a single error.<ref name="Era">{{cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |date=2024-04-03 |title=Microsoft and Quantinuum say they've ushered in the next era of quantum computing |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/04/03/microsoft-and-quantinuum-say-theyve-ushered-in-the-next-era-of-quantum-computing/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref><ref name="14k">{{cite web |last=Yirka |first=Bob |date=2024-04-05 |title=Quantinuum quantum computer using Microsoft's 'logical quantum bits' runs 14,000 experiments with no errors |url=https://phys.org/news/2024-04-quantinuum-quantum-microsoft-logical-bits.html |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Phys.org}}</ref>

Demonstrating the ability to scale the H-Series, the company solved the qubit “wiring problem,” using a new chip arranged in a 2D grid to efficiently sort qubits and minimize the number of signals required for qubit control. The work reduces the ratio from as many as 20 analog wires per qubit to 1 digital wire per qubit with a fixed number of analog lines.<ref name="QV" /><ref name="H3">{{cite web |last=Finke |first=Doug |date=2024-03-09 |title=Quantinuum Makes Technical Progress Towards Next Generation H3 Design |url=https://quantumcomputingreport.com/quantinuum-makes-technical-progress-towards-next-generation-h3-design/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Quantum Computing Report}}</ref>

Quantinuum also offers an H-Series Emulator, which allows researchers to compare data in quantum hardware experiments and approximate noise, accelerating simulation workflows.<ref name="H2" />

===Quantum cybersecurity – Quantum Origin===

Quantum Origin uses quantum computing to strengthen the cryptographic keys that protect online transactions and identification processes. The software produces provably unpredictable cryptographic keys to support traditional algorithms, such as RSA and AES, as well as post-quantum cryptography algorithms.<ref name="QO" /><ref name="tomsqo">{{cite web |last=Pires |first=Francisco |date=2021-12-07 |title=Quantinuum Creates Quantum-Powered Encryption That's Available Today |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/quantinuum-unlocks-quantum-powered-encryption-solutions |accessdate=2023-08-29 |website=Tom's Hardware}}</ref><ref name="eennewsironbridge">{{cite web |last=Palmer |first=Maija |date=2020-09-17 |title=Finally a way to make money out of quantum: selling randomness |url=https://sifted.eu/articles/finally-a-way-to-make-money-out-of-quantum-selling-randomness/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006122049/https://sifted.eu/articles/finally-a-way-to-make-money-out-of-quantum-selling-randomness/ |archive-date=2020-10-06 |accessdate=2021-01-18 |website=Sifted}}</ref><ref name="ftcybersecurity">{{cite web |date=2020-09-20 |title=Quantum computing: randomness as a service |url=https://www.ft.com/content/45fe1862-2792-45b3-acf2-dd91a536e6ab |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921045654/https://www.ft.com/content/45fe1862-2792-45b3-acf2-dd91a536e6ab |archive-date=2020-09-21 |accessdate=2021-01-18 |website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref name="certifiedrandomness">{{cite web |last=McKenzie |first=James |date=2020-11-13 |title=Quantum technology: why the future is already on its way |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/quantum-technology-why-the-future-is-already-on-its-way/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115175259/https://physicsworld.com/a/quantum-technology-why-the-future-is-already-on-its-way/ |archive-date=2020-11-15 |accessdate=2021-01-18 |website=Physics World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhry |first=Amit |date=2020-09-20 |title=Cambridge Quantum Computing Launches Cloud-Based Quantum Random Number Generation |url=https://pulse2.com/cambridge-quantum-computing-launches-cloud-based-quantum-random-number-generation/ |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004093703/https://pulse2.com/cambridge-quantum-computing-launches-cloud-based-quantum-random-number-generation/ |archive-date=2020-10-04 |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=Pulse 2.0 |language=en}}</ref>

Quantum Origin is said to be the first commercial application of a quantum computer offering a solution that classical computers cannot achieve.<ref name="cqqo">{{cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=Cambridge Quantum / Quantinuum launches Quantum Origin bringing cybersecurity platform to the market
|url=https://www.quantumzeitgeist.com/sites/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.quantum zeitgeist.com}}{{dead link|date=January 2024}}</ref> In April 2022, Quantinuum partnered with [[PureVPN]] to make their OpenVPN protocol quantum-resistant.<ref name="VPN">{{cite web |last=Spadafora |first=Anthony |date=2022-04-27 |title=PureVPN adds quantum-resistant encryption keys to its VPN |url=https://www.techradar.com/news/purevpn-adds-quantum-resistant-encryption-keys-to-its-vpn |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=TechRadar}}</ref><ref name="PureVPN">{{cite web |last=Lapienytė |first=Jurgita |date=2023-11-15 |title=PureVPN starts rolling out quantum-resistant encryption keys |url=https://cybernews.com/news/purevpn-starts-rolling-out-quantum-resistant-encryption-keys/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Cybernews}}</ref> In 2024, the company partnered with Mitsui and Eaglys to integrate Quantum Origin in a secured data analytics AI platform.<ref name="Mitsui">{{cite web |last=Baker |first=Berenice |date=2023-12-13 |title=Companies Team to Protect Encrypted Data Using Quantum |url=https://www.iotworldtoday.com/quantum/companies-team-to-protect-encrypted-data-using-quantum |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=IoT World Today}}</ref>

In 2023, Quantinuum introduced Quantum Origin Onboard, an innovation in [[post-quantum cryptography]] that extends the quantum-hardened cyber protection to connected devices by maximizing the strength of keys generated within the devices themselves.<ref name="QOO">{{cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=Quantum Origin Onboard strengthens device security against cyberattacks |url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2023/06/14/quantinuum-quantum-origin-onboard/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Help Net Security}}</ref> In collaboration with Honeywell, the quantum-hardened keys began to be integrated in smart utility meters.<ref name="HWQO">{{cite web |last=Amarnath |first=Nish |date=2023-09-11 |title=Honeywell strengthens smart meter cybersecurity with Quantinuum tech, randomized encryption keys |url=https://www.utilitydive.com/news/honeywell-cyber-security-quantinuum-tech/693268/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Utility Dive}}</ref> The company also released Quantum Origin Cloud, which allows subscribers to request secure keys on-demand or integrate with hardware security modules.<ref name="QOC">{{cite web |title=Quantum Origin Cloud helps protect your sensitive data and critical assets from advanced cyber attacks |url=https://www.quantinuum.com/cybersecurity/quantumorigincloud |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Quantinuum}}</ref>

Quantinuum's Quantum Origin was recognized in 2022 by UK Business Tech with the Best Use of Innovation award.<ref name="Award">{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Duncan |date=2022-11-01 |title=Industry Award in Recognition of the World's First Quantum-Computing-Hardened Cryptographic Keys |url=https://medium.com/quantinuum/industry-award-in-recognition-of-the-worlds-first-quantum-computing-hardened-cryptographic-keys-15cc462d0fb4 |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=Medium}}</ref>

===Quantum computational chemistry platform – InQuanto===

InQuanto is a quantum [[computational chemistry]] software platform. InQuanto uses Quantinuum's open-source Python toolkit, TKET, to improve the performance of quantum devices with electronic structure simulations. The stand-alone platform is designed to help computational chemists experiment with [[quantum algorithms]] and eventually create prototypes of real-life problems using quantum computers.<ref name="InQuanto">{{cite web|last=Smith-Goodson|first=Paul|date=2022-06-08|title=Quantinuum Announces InQuanto- an Advanced Computational Chemistry Platform for Quantum Computers
|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2022/06/08/quantinuum-announces-inquanto--an-advanced-computational-chemistry-platform-for-quantum-computers/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.forbes.com}}</ref>

===Quantum software development platform – TKET===

TKET is a platform-agnostic compiler for optimizing quantum algorithms as well as a software development kit for building and running programs for gate-based quantum computers. It is platform-inclusive and open source. The [[quantum programming]] environment is accessible through the [https://github.com/CQCL/pytket PyTKET] Python package, with extension modules that work with quantum computers, classical simulators, and quantum software libraries.<ref name="TKET">{{cite web|last=Smith-Goodson|first=Paul|date=2022-10-06|title=Quantinuum Announces Quantinuum Is On A Roll – 17 Significant Quantum Computing Achievements In 12 Months
|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2022/10/06/quantinuum-is-on-a-roll--17-significant-quantum-computing-achievements-in-12-months/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.forbes.com}}</ref><ref name="Github">{{cite web|title=CQCL/pytket - User manual and example notebooks for the pytket quantum SDK
|url=https://github.com/CQCL/pytket |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.github.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 4, 2021|first=Veronica|last=Combs|title=Cambridge Quantum Computing releases tket v0.7 with open access to all Python users|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/cambridge-quantum-computing-releases-tket-v0-7-with-open-access-to-all-python-users/|access-date=2021-02-13|website=TechRepublic|language=en}}</ref><ref name="hackernewstket">{{cite web|first=|date=2020-08-31|title=The votes are in, t{{!}}ket takes the lead as the most popular language.|url=https://quantumzeitgeist.com/the-votes-are-in-tket-takes-the-lead-as-the-most-popular-language-we-look-at-the-language-in-more-depth/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117093546/https://quantumzeitgeist.com/the-votes-are-in-tket-takes-the-lead-as-the-most-popular-language-we-look-at-the-language-in-more-depth/ |archive-date=2021-01-17 |accessdate=2021-01-18|website=Quantum Zeitgeist}}</ref><ref name="eetimestkey">{{cite web|last=Swayne|first=Matt|date=2020-10-15|title=Cambridge Quantum Computing Announces Update to t{{!}}ket⟩™ Quantum Software Development Kit|url=https://thequantumdaily.com/2020/10/15/cambridge-quantum-computing-announces-update-to-tket⟩-quantum-software-development-kit/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026103254/https://thequantumdaily.com/2020/10/15/cambridge-quantum-computing-announces-update-to-tket%E2%9F%A9-quantum-software-development-kit/ |archive-date=2020-10-26 |accessdate=2021-01-18|website=The Quantum Daily}}</ref><ref name="googletket">{{cite web|last=Long|first=Stephanie|date=2020-11-02|title=Quantum computing startups are making waves|url=https://www.wraltechwire.com/2020/11/02/quantum-computing-startups-are-making-waves-so-too-are-ibm-toshiba/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102124836/https://www.wraltechwire.com/2020/11/02/quantum-computing-startups-are-making-waves-so-too-are-ibm-toshiba/ |archive-date=2020-11-02 |accessdate=2021-01-18|website=WRAL TechWire}}</ref>

===Quantum NLP/Compositional Intelligence===

Quantinuum's Quantum Natural Language Processing team is developing reasoning-based quantum artificial intelligence that works with modern machine learning-based techniques to produce AI systems that are more interpretable, transparent, and cost effective, requiring less data.<ref name="Coecke Podcast">{{cite web|last=Hynds|first=Patrick|date=2022-04-18|title=Bob Coecke Speaks with Entangled Things
|url=https://open.spotify.com/episode/4yAPUTNVmIukwATiTRV01q?go=1&sp_cid=ece197bb1d92c22c834e2b93e04780ae&nd=1 |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.spotify.com}}</ref><ref name="QNLP">{{cite web|last=Emilio|first=Maurizio di Paolo|date=2022-06-08|title=Exploring the Industrial Relevance of QNLP |url=https://www.eetimes.com/exploring-the-industrial-relevance-of-qnlp/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=EE Times}}</ref> This quantum compositional intelligence is based on [[categorical quantum mechanics]], which studies quantum processes and how they are composed.

===Quantum Monte Carlo Integration===

Quantinuum's full [[Quantum Monte Carlo]] Integration engine is designed to use quantum algorithms to perform estimations more efficiently and accurately than equivalent classical tools, inferring an early-stage quantum advantage in areas such as derivative pricing, portfolio risk calculations and regulatory reporting.<ref name="QMCI">{{cite web|last=Blakey|first=Douglas|date=2023-09-13|title=Exploring the Industrial Relevance of QNLP |url=https://www.retailbankerinternational.com/news/first-fully-integrated-quantum-monte-carlo-integration-engine-unveiled/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Retail Banker International}}</ref><ref name="QMCI QA">{{cite web|last=Swayne|first=Matt|date=2023-09-13|title=Quantinuum's Quantum Monte Carlo Integration Engine Shows Early Stage Quantum Advantage |url=https://thequantuminsider.com/2023/09/13/quantinuums-quantum-monte-carlo-integration-engine-shows-early-stage-quantum-advantage/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=The Quantum Insider}}</ref>

===Lambeq===

Lambeq is an open-source software library for the design and implementation of quantum natural language processing applications.<ref name="Lambeq">{{cite web|last=Burt|first=Jeffrey|date=2021-11-12|title=Lambeq, a Toolkit for Quantum Natural Language Processing
|url=https://thenewstack.io/lambeq-a-toolkit-for-quantum-natural-language-processing/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.thenewstack.io}}</ref>
To build a quantum natural language processing model, Lambeq parses the grammatical structure of an input sentence into a task-specific output. This is encoded into an abstract representation called a string diagram, which reflects the relationships between the words in the original sentence.<ref name="Lambeq" />


===Quantum machine learning===
==Technology==
CQC has divisions dedicated to four core domains: quantum compiler (t<math>{\mid}</math>ket⟩), quantum chemistry, quantum machine learning and quantum cybersecurity.


Quantinuum has efforts in QML with a focus on quantum circuit learning on near-term [[NISQ era|noisy intermediate-scale quantum]] (NISQ) computers. The company has commercial work in deploying deep learning for time-series modeling and decision-making and specializes in quantum enhanced solutions for machine learning and optimization problems.<ref name="arrowcqc">{{cite web|last=Palmer|first=Maija|date=2020-12-10|title=Quantum computers will create better versions of Alexa and Siri|url=https://sifted.eu/articles/quantum-computers-nlp/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210073601/https://sifted.eu/articles/quantum-computers-nlp/ |archive-date=2020-12-10 |accessdate=2021-01-18|website=Sifted}}</ref><ref name="mindfoundarycircuitlearning">{{cite web|last=Kaur|first=Dashveenjit|date=2020-12-14|title=Over chatbots already? Quantum computing could change that|url=https://techhq.com/2020/12/over-chatbots-already-quantum-computing-could-change-that/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214104946/https://techhq.com/2020/12/over-chatbots-already-quantum-computing-could-change-that/ |archive-date=2020-12-14 |accessdate=2021-01-18|website=TechHQ}}</ref>
===Quantum Compiler - t<math>{\mid}</math>ket⟩===


At the intersection of classical machine learning and quantum computing, Quantinuum collaborated with [[Google DeepMind]] to use AI (Alpha-Tensor) to optimize the [[T-gate]] count. This research serves to minimize the compute costs resulting from one of the most expensive quantum logic gates in terms of time and resources required.<ref name="Google">{{cite web|last=Lykiardopoulou|first=Ioanna|date=2024-02-26|title=Google DeepMind taps the power of its AI to accelerate quantum computers |url=https://thenextweb.com/news/google-deepmind-ai-to-accelerate-quantum-computers|accessdate=2024-05-13|website=The Next Web}}</ref>
t<math>{\mid}</math>ket⟩ is an architecture agnostic quantum compiler that enables quantum software developers to optimize large circuits for general purpose quantum algorithms. t<math>{\mid}</math>ket⟩'s routing and scheduling protocol translates machine independent algorithms into executable circuits by optimizing for physical qubit layout while reducing the number of required operations.
<ref name=hackernewstket>
{{cite web|url=https://thehackernews.com/2015/05/os-quantum-computing.html
|title=Fastest Operating System for Quantum Computing Developed By Researchers
|website=www.thehackernews.com
|date=2015-05-02
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>
<ref name=eetimestkey>
{{cite web|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1326535#
|title=Quantum Computing Gets an OS
|website=www.eetimes.com
|date=2015-05-06
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>
<ref name=googletket>
{{cite web|url=https://ai.googleblog.com/2018/07/announcing-cirq-open-source-framework.html
|title=Announcing Cirq: An Open Source Framework for NISQ Algorithms
|website=www.ai.googleblog.com
|date=2018-07-18
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>


===Optimization===
===Quantum Chemistry - Eumen===


Among the primary uses for quantum computing is [[combinatorial optimization]], as its applications extend to logistics, supply chain optimization, and route planning.
CQC has developed Eumen, an enterprise grade quantum chemistry platform to perform computational chemistry calculations on current quantum hardware machines. Eumen enables the design of pharmaceuticals, speciality chemicals, performance materials and agrochemicals.
<ref name=ftquantumchemistry>
{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/154a1cf4-ad07-11e8-94bd-cba20d67390c
|title=Quantum computing: the power to think outside the box
|website=www.ft.com
|date=2018-09-23
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>
<ref name=singularitymj>
{{cite web|url=https://singularityhub.com/2018/11/15/how-quantum-computing-is-enabling-breakthroughs-in-chemistry/
|title=How Quantum Computing is Enabling Breakthroughs in Chemistry
|website=www.singularityhub.com
|date=2018-11-15
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>
<ref name=quantumreportschem>
{{cite web|url=https://quantumcomputingreport.com/news/cqc-and-q-ctrl-develop-extensions-to-ibms-qiskit-that-provide-further-improvements/
|title=CQC and Q-CTRL Develop Extensions to IBM’s Qiskit that Provide Further Improvements
|website=www.quantumcomputingreport.com
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>


In 2023, Quantinuum created an improved variational quantum algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems that uses minimal quantum resources and takes advantage of the H-Series’ all-to-all connectivity and native parameterized two-qubit gates.<ref name="Variational">{{cite web|last=Finke|first=Doug|date=2023-05-09|title=Quantinuum Announces Next Generation 32 Qubit H2 Processor Along with Application Research Results from Using It
===Quantum Machine Learning===
|url=https://quantumcomputingreport.com/quantinuum-announces-next-generation-32-qubit-h2-processor-along-with-application-research-results-from-using-it/|access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.quantumcomputingreport.com}}</ref> In 2021, Deutsche Bahn partnered with Quantinuum to explore how quantum computers can improve the rescheduling of rail traffic.<ref name="DBRail">{{cite web|last=Saran|first=Cliff|date=2021-11-11|title=Cambridge Quantum tackles rail optimisation for German operator
|url=https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252509377/Cambridge-Quantum-tackles-rail-optimisation-for-German-operator|access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.computerweekly.com}}</ref>


===Simulation===
CQC has efforts in QML with a focus on quantum circuit learning on near term noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. The company has commercial work in deploying deep learning for time-series modeling and decision-making and specializes in quantum enhanced solutions for machine learning and optimization problems.
<ref name=arrowcqc>
{{cite web|url=https://www.nanalyze.com/2018/11/quantum-computing-companies/
|title=6 Quantum Computing Companies to Watch
|website=www.nanalyze.com
|date=2018-11-14
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>
<ref name=mindfoundarycircuitlearning>
{{cite web|url=https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/bayesian-optimization-quantum-computing
|title=Bayesian Optimization & Quantum Computing
|website=www.mindfoundry.ai
|date=2019-05-20
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>
<ref name=cqcarrow>
{{cite web|url=https://cambridgequantum.com/cqc-releases-trading-interface-ta-under-open-source-licence/
|title=CQC Releases Trading Interface TA> Under Open Source Licence
|website=www.cambridgequantum.com
|date=2017-05-30
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>


In 2021, Nippon Steel Corporation used Quantinuum's algorithms to simulate the behavior of iron crystals in different configurations. The chemical simulation is so complex at scale that it cannot be accurately simulated on classical computers.<ref name="Nippon">{{cite web|last=Kahn|first=Jeremy|date=2021-09-22|title=Two new quantum computing breakthroughs reveal the technology's commercial potential|url=https://fortune.com/2021/09/22/quantum-computers-goldman-sachs-nippon-steel-commercial-uses/|access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.fortune.com}}</ref>
===Quantum Cybersecurity===


==Ownership==
CQC has built a [[photonics]] quantum device, IronBridge, to be used for post-quantum encryption, cached entropy generation for IoT devices, key generation for certificates and quantum watermarking. As of 2019, Ironbridge is the only quantum encryption device that ensures device independence and source certifiability.
Quantinuum is not listed on any stock exchange and is privately held. 54% of the company is owned by [[Honeywell]], and Ilyas Khan, the founder of Cambridge Quantum and Chief Product Officer of Quantinuum, is the next largest shareholder.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.honeywell.com/us/en/news/2021/11/things-to-know-about-quantinuum | title=Things to Know about Quantinuum }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Quantinuum {{!}} Leaders |url=https://www.quantinuum.com/about/leadership |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=www.quantinuum.com |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name=eennewsironbridge/>
<ref name=ftcybersecurity>
{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9ca0195e-b1c8-11e8-87e0-d84e0d934341
|title=Why you need to quantum-proof your cyber security now
|website=www.ft.com
|date=2018-10-26
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>
<ref name=certifiedrandomness>
{{cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/certified-true-randomness-created-by-cambridge-quantum-computing-637200823.html
|title=Certified True Randomness Created by Cambridge Quantum Computing
|website=www.prnewswire.com
|date=2017-07-28
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>


==Locations==
==Locations==
Quantinuum has a European headquarters in [[Cambridge, UK]] and a North American headquarters in [[Broomfield, Colorado]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introducing Quantinuum |url=https://www.quantinuum.com/news/introducing-quantinuum |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=www.quantinuum.com |language=en}}</ref> It has offices in [[Brooklyn Park, Minnesota]], [[Washington, D.C.]], [[London]] ([[Victoria, London|Victoria]] and [[St James's|St. James's]]), [[Oxford]], and [[Tokyo]].<ref name="cqcabout">{{cite web |title=Quantinuum {{!}} About |url=https://www.quantinuum.com/about/ |accessdate=2023-08-13 |website=www.quantinuum.com}}</ref>
CQC is headquartered in [[Cambridge]], but has offices in [[London]], [[San Francisco]], [[Washington, D.C.]] and [[Tokyo]].
<ref name=cqcabout>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridgequantum.com/about/
|title=Cambridge Quantum Computing - About Us
|website=www.cambridgequantum.com
|accessdate=2019-05-20}}
</ref>


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.cambridgequantum.com Official website]
* [https://www.quantinuum.com/ Official website]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 178: Line 117:
[[Category:Companies based in Cambridge]]
[[Category:Companies based in Cambridge]]
[[Category:Technology companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:Technology companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:Companies involved in quantum computing]]
[[Category:Software development kits]]

Latest revision as of 20:21, 26 July 2024

Quantinuum
Company typePrivately Held Company
IndustryQuantum Computing
Founded2021 (2021)
Headquarters
Cambridge, UK Broomfield, Colorado
,
USA
Key people
  • Rajeeb Hazra (CEO)
  • Ilyas Khan (Cambridge Quantum founder, Chief Product Officer)
Products
  • Quantum Origin
  • InQuanto
  • TKET
  • H-Series quantum computers
Number of employees
450
Websitequantinuum.com

Quantinuum is a quantum computing company formed by the merger of Cambridge Quantum and Honeywell Quantum Solutions.[1] The company's H-Series trapped-ion quantum computers set the highest quantum volume to date of 1,048,576 in April 2024.[2] This architecture supports all-to-all qubit connectivity, allowing entangled states to be created between all qubits, and enables a high fidelity of quantum states.[3]

Quantinuum has developed middleware and software products that run on trapped-ion and other quantum computing platforms for cybersecurity, quantum chemistry, quantum machine learning, quantum Monte Carlo integration, and quantum artificial intelligence.[1] The company also offers quantum-computing-hardened encryption keys designed to protect data assets and enhance cryptographic defenses.[4]

History

[edit]

Formed in 2021, Quantinuum is the combination of the quantum hardware team from Honeywell Quantum Solutions (HQS) and the quantum software team at Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC).[1]

HQS was founded in 2014.[5] The company used a trapped-ion architecture for its quantum computing hardware, which Honeywell believed could be used to fulfill the needs of its various business units in aerospace, building technology, performance materials, safety and productivity solutions.[6]

CQC was founded in 2014 as an independent quantum computing company through the University of Cambridge’s “Accelerate Cambridge” program. CQC focused on building tools for the commercialization of quantum technologies with a focus on quantum software and quantum cybersecurity. By coming together as Quantinuum, the company offers an integrated, end-to-end quantum platform.[1]

Ilyas Khan, the founder of Cambridge Quantum, the founding chairman of the Stephen Hawking Foundation, and fellow at Cambridge Judge Business School, was named the CEO of Quantinuum. Tony Uttley, formerly an operations manager at NASA and president of Honeywell Quantum Solutions, served as the president and chief operating officer through 2023.[1][7] In 2023, Quantinuum named Rajeeb “Raj” Hazra, formerly a corporate vice president and general manager at Intel, as the new CEO of Quantinuum. Hazra has over 30 years of experience working in supercomputing, quantum and other technical roles. Khan was named chief product officer and vice chair of the board of directors.[3]

In January 2024, Quantinuum announced an equity funding round of $300 million led by JPMorgan Chase. The company has raised $625 million in total and is valued at $5 billion.[8] Honeywell was in an early phase of exploring an initial public offering of the company in July 2024.[9]

Technology and products

[edit]

H-Series

[edit]

When developing its H-Series quantum computers, Powered by Honeywell, Quantinuum chose a quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture as its path to scalable universal quantum computing because it allows full connectivity between identical high-fidelity qubits (atomic ions).[3]

Quantinuum launched its first generation of quantum computers with the System Model H1-1, a trapped-ion computer running on 12 qubits, in 2020.[10]

In May 2023, Quantinuum launched the System Model H2, with a quantum volume of 65,536 (216), the largest on record at that time. The H2 achieved the largest GHZ state on record, the first demonstration of magic state distillation, and the first demonstration of the creation and control of topological qubits whose linking properties can help make quantum computing fault-tolerant.[11][12] Braiding quasiparticles called non-Abelian anyons creates a historical record of the event, and the paths they trace are more robust to errors, which could eventually lead to the development of a topological quantum computer.[11]

The H-Series systems have consistently broken records for quantum volume, recently reaching a quantum volume of 1,048,576 (220) in April 2024.[2] Quantum volume is one of 15 performance benchmarks that Quantinuum scientists measured on the latest generation of its trapped-ion quantum computer which[clarification needed] are available on arXiv and GitHub.[13]

The company also holds the record for two-qubit gate fidelity, becoming the first to reach 99.9%. Microsoft and Quantinuum created four logical qubits on the H2 quantum computer, running 14,000 experiments without a single error.[14][15]

Demonstrating the ability to scale the H-Series, the company solved the qubit “wiring problem,” using a new chip arranged in a 2D grid to efficiently sort qubits and minimize the number of signals required for qubit control. The work reduces the ratio from as many as 20 analog wires per qubit to 1 digital wire per qubit with a fixed number of analog lines.[2][16]

Quantinuum also offers an H-Series Emulator, which allows researchers to compare data in quantum hardware experiments and approximate noise, accelerating simulation workflows.[12]

Quantum cybersecurity – Quantum Origin

[edit]

Quantum Origin uses quantum computing to strengthen the cryptographic keys that protect online transactions and identification processes. The software produces provably unpredictable cryptographic keys to support traditional algorithms, such as RSA and AES, as well as post-quantum cryptography algorithms.[4][17][18][19][20][21]

Quantum Origin is said to be the first commercial application of a quantum computer offering a solution that classical computers cannot achieve.[22] In April 2022, Quantinuum partnered with PureVPN to make their OpenVPN protocol quantum-resistant.[23][24] In 2024, the company partnered with Mitsui and Eaglys to integrate Quantum Origin in a secured data analytics AI platform.[25]

In 2023, Quantinuum introduced Quantum Origin Onboard, an innovation in post-quantum cryptography that extends the quantum-hardened cyber protection to connected devices by maximizing the strength of keys generated within the devices themselves.[26] In collaboration with Honeywell, the quantum-hardened keys began to be integrated in smart utility meters.[27] The company also released Quantum Origin Cloud, which allows subscribers to request secure keys on-demand or integrate with hardware security modules.[28]

Quantinuum's Quantum Origin was recognized in 2022 by UK Business Tech with the Best Use of Innovation award.[29]

Quantum computational chemistry platform – InQuanto

[edit]

InQuanto is a quantum computational chemistry software platform. InQuanto uses Quantinuum's open-source Python toolkit, TKET, to improve the performance of quantum devices with electronic structure simulations. The stand-alone platform is designed to help computational chemists experiment with quantum algorithms and eventually create prototypes of real-life problems using quantum computers.[30]

Quantum software development platform – TKET

[edit]

TKET is a platform-agnostic compiler for optimizing quantum algorithms as well as a software development kit for building and running programs for gate-based quantum computers. It is platform-inclusive and open source. The quantum programming environment is accessible through the PyTKET Python package, with extension modules that work with quantum computers, classical simulators, and quantum software libraries.[31][32][33][34][35][36]

Quantum NLP/Compositional Intelligence

[edit]

Quantinuum's Quantum Natural Language Processing team is developing reasoning-based quantum artificial intelligence that works with modern machine learning-based techniques to produce AI systems that are more interpretable, transparent, and cost effective, requiring less data.[37][38] This quantum compositional intelligence is based on categorical quantum mechanics, which studies quantum processes and how they are composed.

Quantum Monte Carlo Integration

[edit]

Quantinuum's full Quantum Monte Carlo Integration engine is designed to use quantum algorithms to perform estimations more efficiently and accurately than equivalent classical tools, inferring an early-stage quantum advantage in areas such as derivative pricing, portfolio risk calculations and regulatory reporting.[39][40]

Lambeq

[edit]

Lambeq is an open-source software library for the design and implementation of quantum natural language processing applications.[41] To build a quantum natural language processing model, Lambeq parses the grammatical structure of an input sentence into a task-specific output. This is encoded into an abstract representation called a string diagram, which reflects the relationships between the words in the original sentence.[41]

Quantum machine learning

[edit]

Quantinuum has efforts in QML with a focus on quantum circuit learning on near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. The company has commercial work in deploying deep learning for time-series modeling and decision-making and specializes in quantum enhanced solutions for machine learning and optimization problems.[42][43]

At the intersection of classical machine learning and quantum computing, Quantinuum collaborated with Google DeepMind to use AI (Alpha-Tensor) to optimize the T-gate count. This research serves to minimize the compute costs resulting from one of the most expensive quantum logic gates in terms of time and resources required.[44]

Optimization

[edit]

Among the primary uses for quantum computing is combinatorial optimization, as its applications extend to logistics, supply chain optimization, and route planning.

In 2023, Quantinuum created an improved variational quantum algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems that uses minimal quantum resources and takes advantage of the H-Series’ all-to-all connectivity and native parameterized two-qubit gates.[45] In 2021, Deutsche Bahn partnered with Quantinuum to explore how quantum computers can improve the rescheduling of rail traffic.[46]

Simulation

[edit]

In 2021, Nippon Steel Corporation used Quantinuum's algorithms to simulate the behavior of iron crystals in different configurations. The chemical simulation is so complex at scale that it cannot be accurately simulated on classical computers.[47]

Ownership

[edit]

Quantinuum is not listed on any stock exchange and is privately held. 54% of the company is owned by Honeywell, and Ilyas Khan, the founder of Cambridge Quantum and Chief Product Officer of Quantinuum, is the next largest shareholder.[48][49]

Locations

[edit]

Quantinuum has a European headquarters in Cambridge, UK and a North American headquarters in Broomfield, Colorado.[50] It has offices in Brooklyn Park, Minnesota, Washington, D.C., London (Victoria and St. James's), Oxford, and Tokyo.[51]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Quantinuum: A New Quantum Computing Company Is Formed From Merger Of Honeywell Quantum Solutions And Cambridge Quantum". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-09-02.
  2. ^ a b c Swayne, Matt (2024-04-16). "'Three Nines' Surpassed: Quantinuum Notches Milestones For Hardware Fidelity And Quantum Volume". The Quantum Insider. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  3. ^ a b c Smith-Goodson, Paul (2023-02-22). "Quantinuum's New CEO Wants To Build The World's Most Valuable Quantum Company (And He Has The Expertise To Do It)". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  4. ^ a b Black, Thomas (2021-12-06). "Honeywell Unit Offers First-Ever Quantum-Created Encryption Key". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  5. ^ Feldman, Michael (2019-05-28). "Honeywell One Step Closer to Universal Quantum Computer". The Next Platform. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  6. ^ "Quantum Computing for Optimization Applications" (PDF). Honeywell. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  7. ^ Moorhead, Patrick (2020-09-24). "Honeywell's Tony Uttley And The Quest For Quantum". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  8. ^ "Honeywell's quantum computing firm valued at $5 billion after latest fundraise". Reuters. 2024-01-16. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  9. ^ Chan, Vinicy; Nair, Dinesh (26 July 2024). "Honeywell Weighs Quantinuum IPO at $10 Billion Valuation". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  10. ^ Swayne, Matt (2021-12-30). "Quantinuum Says Its System Model H1-2 First To Prove 2,048 Quantum Volume, 10X Increase In Under A Year". The Quantum Insider. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  11. ^ a b Castelvecchi, Davide (2023-05-09). "Physicists Create Long-Sought Topological Quantum States". Nature. 617 (7961): 445–446. Bibcode:2023Natur.617..445C. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-01574-0. PMID 37160988. S2CID 258590097. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  12. ^ a b "Quantinuum Unveils System Model H2: A Major Leap Towards Fault Tolerant Quantum Computing". HPCwire. 2023-05-09. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  13. ^ Swayne, Matt (2023-05-17). "Quantinuum Scientists Say Benchmarking Data On System Model H2 Show Its The Quantum Computer To Beat". The Quantum Insider. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  14. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (2024-04-03). "Microsoft and Quantinuum say they've ushered in the next era of quantum computing". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
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  16. ^ Finke, Doug (2024-03-09). "Quantinuum Makes Technical Progress Towards Next Generation H3 Design". Quantum Computing Report. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  17. ^ Pires, Francisco (2021-12-07). "Quantinuum Creates Quantum-Powered Encryption That's Available Today". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  18. ^ Palmer, Maija (2020-09-17). "Finally a way to make money out of quantum: selling randomness". Sifted. Archived from the original on 2020-10-06. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  19. ^ "Quantum computing: randomness as a service". Financial Times. 2020-09-20. Archived from the original on 2020-09-21. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  20. ^ McKenzie, James (2020-11-13). "Quantum technology: why the future is already on its way". Physics World. Archived from the original on 2020-11-15. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  21. ^ Chowdhry, Amit (2020-09-20). "Cambridge Quantum Computing Launches Cloud-Based Quantum Random Number Generation". Pulse 2.0. Archived from the original on 2020-10-04. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  22. ^ "Cambridge Quantum / Quantinuum launches Quantum Origin bringing cybersecurity platform to the market". www.quantum zeitgeist.com. 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2023-08-29.[dead link‍]
  23. ^ Spadafora, Anthony (2022-04-27). "PureVPN adds quantum-resistant encryption keys to its VPN". TechRadar. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  24. ^ Lapienytė, Jurgita (2023-11-15). "PureVPN starts rolling out quantum-resistant encryption keys". Cybernews. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  25. ^ Baker, Berenice (2023-12-13). "Companies Team to Protect Encrypted Data Using Quantum". IoT World Today. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
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  27. ^ Amarnath, Nish (2023-09-11). "Honeywell strengthens smart meter cybersecurity with Quantinuum tech, randomized encryption keys". Utility Dive. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  28. ^ "Quantum Origin Cloud helps protect your sensitive data and critical assets from advanced cyber attacks". Quantinuum. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  29. ^ Jones, Duncan (2022-11-01). "Industry Award in Recognition of the World's First Quantum-Computing-Hardened Cryptographic Keys". Medium. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  30. ^ Smith-Goodson, Paul (2022-06-08). "Quantinuum Announces InQuanto- an Advanced Computational Chemistry Platform for Quantum Computers". www.forbes.com. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  31. ^ Smith-Goodson, Paul (2022-10-06). "Quantinuum Announces Quantinuum Is On A Roll – 17 Significant Quantum Computing Achievements In 12 Months". www.forbes.com. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  32. ^ "CQCL/pytket - User manual and example notebooks for the pytket quantum SDK". www.github.com. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  33. ^ Combs, Veronica (February 4, 2021). "Cambridge Quantum Computing releases tket v0.7 with open access to all Python users". TechRepublic. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
  34. ^ "The votes are in, t|ket takes the lead as the most popular language". Quantum Zeitgeist. 2020-08-31. Archived from the original on 2021-01-17. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  35. ^ Swayne, Matt (2020-10-15). "Cambridge Quantum Computing Announces Update to t|ket⟩™ Quantum Software Development Kit". The Quantum Daily. Archived from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  36. ^ Long, Stephanie (2020-11-02). "Quantum computing startups are making waves". WRAL TechWire. Archived from the original on 2020-11-02. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  37. ^ Hynds, Patrick (2022-04-18). "Bob Coecke Speaks with Entangled Things". www.spotify.com. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  38. ^ Emilio, Maurizio di Paolo (2022-06-08). "Exploring the Industrial Relevance of QNLP". EE Times. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  39. ^ Blakey, Douglas (2023-09-13). "Exploring the Industrial Relevance of QNLP". Retail Banker International. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  40. ^ Swayne, Matt (2023-09-13). "Quantinuum's Quantum Monte Carlo Integration Engine Shows Early Stage Quantum Advantage". The Quantum Insider. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
  41. ^ a b Burt, Jeffrey (2021-11-12). "Lambeq, a Toolkit for Quantum Natural Language Processing". www.thenewstack.io. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  42. ^ Palmer, Maija (2020-12-10). "Quantum computers will create better versions of Alexa and Siri". Sifted. Archived from the original on 2020-12-10. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  43. ^ Kaur, Dashveenjit (2020-12-14). "Over chatbots already? Quantum computing could change that". TechHQ. Archived from the original on 2020-12-14. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  44. ^ Lykiardopoulou, Ioanna (2024-02-26). "Google DeepMind taps the power of its AI to accelerate quantum computers". The Next Web. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  45. ^ Finke, Doug (2023-05-09). "Quantinuum Announces Next Generation 32 Qubit H2 Processor Along with Application Research Results from Using It". www.quantumcomputingreport.com. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  46. ^ Saran, Cliff (2021-11-11). "Cambridge Quantum tackles rail optimisation for German operator". www.computerweekly.com. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  47. ^ Kahn, Jeremy (2021-09-22). "Two new quantum computing breakthroughs reveal the technology's commercial potential". www.fortune.com. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  48. ^ "Things to Know about Quantinuum".
  49. ^ "Quantinuum | Leaders". www.quantinuum.com. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  50. ^ "Introducing Quantinuum". www.quantinuum.com. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  51. ^ "Quantinuum | About". www.quantinuum.com. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
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