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{{Short description|Austrian chancellor, politician and lawyer (1875–1960)}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Otto Ender
| name = Otto Ender
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| office = [[Chancellor of Austria]]
| office = [[Chancellor of Austria]]
| president = [[Wilhelm Miklas]]
| president = [[Wilhelm Miklas]]
| deputy = [[Johann Schober]]
| 1blankname = {{nowrap|Vice-Chancellor}}
| 1namedata = [[Johann Schober]]
| term_start = 4 December 1930
| term_start = 4 December 1930
| term_end = 20 June 1931
| term_end = 20 June 1931
| predecessor = [[Carl Vaugoin]]
| predecessor = [[Carl Vaugoin]]
| successor = [[Karl Buresch]]
| successor = [[Karl Buresch]]
| office1 = President of the [[Court of Audit]]
| term_start1 = 15 July 1934
| term_end1 = 31 August 1938
| predecessor1 = [[Baron Max Wladimir von Beck|Max Wladimir von Beck]]
| successor1 = Leopold Petznek
| office2 = [[List of presidents of the Federal Council (Austria)|President of the Federal Council]]
| term_start2 = 1 June 1933
| term_end2 = 30 November 1933
| predecessor2 = Franz Stumpf
| successor2 = [[Theodor Körner (president)|Theodor Körner]]
| term_start3 = 1 December 1928
| term_end3 = 31 May 1929
| predecessor3 = [[Richard Steidle]]
| successor3 = Johann Schorsch
| term_start4 = 1 June 1924
| term_end4 = 30 November 1924
| predecessor4 = [[Richard Steidle]]
| successor4 = [[Jakob Reumann]]
| office5 = [[List of governors of Vorarlberg|Governor of Vorarlberg]]
| term_start5 = 14 July 1931
| term_end5 = 24 July 1934
| predecessor5 = Ferdinand Redler
| successor5 = Ernst Winsauer
| term_start6 = 3 November 1918
| term_end6 = 9 December 1930
| predecessor6 = Adolf Rhomberg
| successor6 = Ferdinand Redler
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1875|12|24|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1875|12|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Altach]], [[Vorarlberg]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| birth_place = [[Altach]], [[Vorarlberg]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
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Ender, the first son of Herman and Victoria Ender, was born in [[Altach]], [[Vorarlberg]]. The families of both parents were among the political elite of the village. The maternal great-grandfather, John Walser, was the first superintendent of the municipality created in 1801. The paternal grandfather, Johann Jakob final, had held the same position for 1835–1844 and 1850–1857. From 1861 to 1866 Johann Jacob was a member of the Conservative party in the Parliament of Vorarlberg.
Ender, the first son of Herman and Victoria Ender, was born in [[Altach]], [[Vorarlberg]]. The families of both parents were among the political elite of the village. The maternal great-grandfather, John Walser, was the first superintendent of the municipality created in 1801. The paternal grandfather, Johann Jakob final, had held the same position for 1835–1844 and 1850–1857. From 1861 to 1866 Johann Jacob was a member of the Conservative party in the Parliament of Vorarlberg.


Ender studied at the [[Stella Matutina (Jesuit school)|Stella Matutina]] Jesuit college in [[Feldkirch, Vorarlberg|Feldkirch]] from 1888 to 1896. After matriculation in 1896 he studied at the universities of [[University of Innsbruck|Innsbruck]], [[University of Vienna|Vienna]], [[Charles University in Prague|Prague]] and [[University of Freiburg|Freiburg]]. In 1901 he received his doctorate from the University of Innsbruck. In 1901-02, he completed a legal internship year at the district court Feldkirch. From 1902 to 1908 he was articled clerk in Feldkirch and Vienna. In 1908 he opened his own law firm in Bregenz. The same year he married Maria Rusch. Thery had four sons and three daughters.
Ender studied at the [[Stella Matutina (Jesuit school)|Stella Matutina]] Jesuit college in [[Feldkirch, Vorarlberg|Feldkirch]] from 1888 to 1896. After matriculation in 1896 he studied at the universities of [[University of Innsbruck|Innsbruck]], [[University of Vienna|Vienna]], [[Charles University in Prague|Prague]] and [[University of Freiburg|Freiburg]]. In 1901 he received his doctorate from the University of Innsbruck. In 1901–02, he completed a legal internship year at the district court Feldkirch. From 1902 to 1908 he was articled clerk in Feldkirch and Vienna. In 1908 he opened his own law firm in Bregenz. The same year he married Maria Rusch. Thery had four sons and three daughters.


In the following years, Ender became more engaged in the public. He gave lectures on the introduction of the land register. In 1914, he was appointed executive director of the State Mortgage Bank. After the war began, in the summer of 1914, he became head of the state purchasing agency and the Bregenzer branch of the War Grain transportation agency and member of the National Committee of Social Welfare.
In the following years, Ender became more engaged in the public. He gave lectures on the introduction of the land register. In 1914, he was appointed executive director of the State Mortgage Bank. After the war began, in the summer of 1914, he became head of the state purchasing agency and the Bregenzer branch of the War Grain transportation agency and member of the National Committee of Social Welfare.
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==Political career==
==Political career==
In November 1918, he founded an independent self-management of Tyrol Vorarlberg, together with Jodok Fink and Franz Loser. In the four state elections of the First Republic (1919, 1923, 1928 and 1932) he won for his Christian Social Party with 53-63% of the vote. He served as the governor of Vorarlberg from 1918 to 1930 and again from 1931 to 1934.
In November 1918, he founded an independent self-management of Tyrol Vorarlberg, together with Jodok Fink and Franz Loser. In the four state elections of the First Republic (1919, 1923, 1928 and 1932) he won for his Christian Social Party with 53–63% of the vote. He served as the governor of Vorarlberg from 1918 to 1930 and again from 1931 to 1934. He was the president of the [[Federal Council of Austria]] three times in 1920s and 1930s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Präsidentinnen und Präsidenten seit 1920 {{!}} Parlament Österreich |url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/WWER/BR/PRAES/index.shtml |website=www.parlament.gv.at}}</ref>


After the [[1930 Austrian legislative election|1930 legislative election]], Ender became [[Chancellor of Austria]] on 4 December, however, his cabinet was brought down soon after upon the collapse of the [[Creditanstalt]] bank in May 1931. From 1934 to 1938, he was President of the Austrian [[Court of Audit]]. In March 1938, his political career ended with the ''[[Anschluss]]'' annexation of Austria by [[Nazi Germany]]. He was imprisoned by the Gestapo in March 1938, and remained as such till September 1938. He was forced to retire by Nazi government in 1939 and was expelled from the country.
After the [[1930 Austrian legislative election|1930 legislative election]], Ender became [[Chancellor of Austria]] on 4 December, however, his cabinet was brought down soon after upon the collapse of the [[Creditanstalt]] bank in May 1931. From 1934 to 1938, he was President of the Austrian [[Court of Audit]]. In March 1938, his political career ended with the ''[[Anschluss]]'' annexation of Austria by [[Nazi Germany]]. He was imprisoned by the Gestapo in March 1938, and remained as such until September 1938. He was forced to retire by Nazi government in 1939 and was expelled from the country.


==Death and legacy==
==Death and legacy==
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To this day, the State of [[Vorarlberg]] awards scholarships to the students through the Dr. Otto Ender Foundation.
To this day, the State of [[Vorarlberg]] awards scholarships to the students through the Dr. Otto Ender Foundation.


His achievements are as founder and designer of the province of Vorarlberg, in terms of economic policy such as the establishment of the agricultural district authority, by beginning of the expansion of road network in the 1920s, establishing an agricultural school, expanding of the Vorarlberg water power with the purchase of Vorarlberg's power plants and the establishment of the Vorarlberg Illwerke and by co-operating with the democratic constitutions of 1920 and 1923.
His achievements are as founder and designer of the province of Vorarlberg, in terms of economic policy such as the establishment of the agricultural district authority, by beginning of the expansion of road network in the 1920s, establishing an agricultural school, expanding of the Vorarlberg water power with the purchase of Vorarlberg's power plants, and the establishment of the Vorarlberg Illwerke and by co-operating with the democratic constitutions of 1920 and 1923.<ref>[http://www.wienerzeitung.at/linkmap/personen/ender.htm "Ender on Wienerzeitung"]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.wienerzeitung.at/linkmap/personen/ender.htm "Ender on Wienerzeitung"]</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{PM20|FID=pe/004709}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/004709}}
*[https://www.vandenhoeck-ruprecht-verlage.com/themen-entdecken/geschichte/geschichte-des-20.-jahrhunderts/39593/otto-ender-1875-1960 Otto Ender 1875–1960 – Landeshauptmann, Bundeskanzler, Minister. Untersuchungen zum Innenleben eines Politikers], Peter Melichar – {{ISBN|978-3-205-20826-6}}


{{S-start}}
<br />{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-off}}
{{Succession box
{{Succession box
| title = [[Chancellor of Austria]]
| title = [[Chancellor of Austria]]
| years = 1930-1931
| years = 1930–1931
| before = [[Carl Vaugoin]]
| before = [[Carl Vaugoin]]
| after = [[Karl Buresch]]
| after = [[Karl Buresch]]
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[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Chancellors of Austria]]
[[Category:20th-century chancellors of Austria]]
[[Category:People from Feldkirch District]]
[[Category:People from Feldkirch District]]
⚫
[[Category:Chancellors of Austria]]
[[Category:Christian Social Party (Austria) politicians]]
[[Category:Christian Social Party (Austria) politicians]]
[[Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned]]
[[Category:Governors of Vorarlberg]]
[[Category:Governors of Vorarlberg]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Austrian Federal Council]]
⚫
[[Category:Members of the Federal Council (Austria)]]
[[Category:Austrian people imprisoned in Germany]]

Latest revision as of 03:46, 1 January 2025

Otto Ender
Chancellor of Austria
In office
4 December 1930 – 20 June 1931
PresidentWilhelm Miklas
Vice-ChancellorJohann Schober
Preceded byCarl Vaugoin
Succeeded byKarl Buresch
President of the Court of Audit
In office
15 July 1934 – 31 August 1938
Preceded byMax Wladimir von Beck
Succeeded byLeopold Petznek
President of the Federal Council
In office
1 June 1933 – 30 November 1933
Preceded byFranz Stumpf
Succeeded byTheodor Körner
In office
1 December 1928 – 31 May 1929
Preceded byRichard Steidle
Succeeded byJohann Schorsch
In office
1 June 1924 – 30 November 1924
Preceded byRichard Steidle
Succeeded byJakob Reumann
Governor of Vorarlberg
In office
14 July 1931 – 24 July 1934
Preceded byFerdinand Redler
Succeeded byErnst Winsauer
In office
3 November 1918 – 9 December 1930
Preceded byAdolf Rhomberg
Succeeded byFerdinand Redler
Personal details
Born(1875-12-24)24 December 1875
Altach, Vorarlberg, Austria-Hungary
Died25 June 1960(1960-06-25) (aged 84)
Bregenz, Vorarlberg, Austria
Political partyChristian Social Party

Otto Ender (24 December 1875 – 25 June 1960) was an Austrian political figure. He served as the chancellor of Austria between 1930 and 1931.[1]

Early life and education

[edit]

Ender, the first son of Herman and Victoria Ender, was born in Altach, Vorarlberg. The families of both parents were among the political elite of the village. The maternal great-grandfather, John Walser, was the first superintendent of the municipality created in 1801. The paternal grandfather, Johann Jakob final, had held the same position for 1835–1844 and 1850–1857. From 1861 to 1866 Johann Jacob was a member of the Conservative party in the Parliament of Vorarlberg.

Ender studied at the Stella Matutina Jesuit college in Feldkirch from 1888 to 1896. After matriculation in 1896 he studied at the universities of Innsbruck, Vienna, Prague and Freiburg. In 1901 he received his doctorate from the University of Innsbruck. In 1901–02, he completed a legal internship year at the district court Feldkirch. From 1902 to 1908 he was articled clerk in Feldkirch and Vienna. In 1908 he opened his own law firm in Bregenz. The same year he married Maria Rusch. Thery had four sons and three daughters.

In the following years, Ender became more engaged in the public. He gave lectures on the introduction of the land register. In 1914, he was appointed executive director of the State Mortgage Bank. After the war began, in the summer of 1914, he became head of the state purchasing agency and the Bregenzer branch of the War Grain transportation agency and member of the National Committee of Social Welfare.

From 1915 to 1918, he was a member of the Nutrition Council in Vienna. In 1917/18, he was president of the building committee for the establishment of the sanatorium Gaisbühel. His professional qualifications were recognized in the War years by Media and lawyers. This professional experience was the foundation on which he could build up in the inter-wars period, his successful political career.

Political career

[edit]

In November 1918, he founded an independent self-management of Tyrol Vorarlberg, together with Jodok Fink and Franz Loser. In the four state elections of the First Republic (1919, 1923, 1928 and 1932) he won for his Christian Social Party with 53–63% of the vote. He served as the governor of Vorarlberg from 1918 to 1930 and again from 1931 to 1934. He was the president of the Federal Council of Austria three times in 1920s and 1930s.[2]

After the 1930 legislative election, Ender became Chancellor of Austria on 4 December, however, his cabinet was brought down soon after upon the collapse of the Creditanstalt bank in May 1931. From 1934 to 1938, he was President of the Austrian Court of Audit. In March 1938, his political career ended with the Anschluss annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany. He was imprisoned by the Gestapo in March 1938, and remained as such until September 1938. He was forced to retire by Nazi government in 1939 and was expelled from the country.

Death and legacy

[edit]

Otto Ender died on 25 June 1960 and was buried in the municipal cemetery in Bregenz. To this day, the State of Vorarlberg awards scholarships to the students through the Dr. Otto Ender Foundation.

His achievements are as founder and designer of the province of Vorarlberg, in terms of economic policy such as the establishment of the agricultural district authority, by beginning of the expansion of road network in the 1920s, establishing an agricultural school, expanding of the Vorarlberg water power with the purchase of Vorarlberg's power plants, and the establishment of the Vorarlberg Illwerke and by co-operating with the democratic constitutions of 1920 and 1923.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Otto Ender" Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. ^ "Präsidentinnen und Präsidenten seit 1920 | Parlament Österreich". www.parlament.gv.at.
  3. ^ "Ender on Wienerzeitung"
[edit]


Political offices
Preceded by Chancellor of Austria
1930–1931 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Otto_Ender&oldid=1266545096"