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{{about|the place in Ukraine|the place in Poland|Tyśmienica, Lublin Voivodeship}}
{{about|the place in Ukraine|the place in Poland|Tyśmienica, Lublin Voivodeship}}
⚫
{{for|the river|Tysmenytsia (river)}}
{{Expand Ukrainian|Тисмениця|date=March 2019}}
{{Expand Ukrainian|topic=geo|date=March 2019}}
{{Short description|Urban locality in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Tysmenytsia
| official_name = Tysmenytsia
|native_name = {{lang|uk|Тисмениця}}
| native_name = {{lang|uk|Тисмениця}}
| native_name_lang = uk
|other_name = {{lang|pl|Tyśmienica}}
|motto =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Ukraine|City]]
|image_skyline = File:Тисмениця.jpg
| image_skyline = Тисмениця.jpg
|image_caption = Church of the Nativity of Our Lady
| image_caption = Church of the Nativity of Our Lady
|image_flag = File:Tysmenytsa gerb.gif
|image_shield = File:Tysmen gerb.gif
| image_flag = Flag of Tysmenytsia.svg
|shield_size =
| image_shield = File:Tysmen gerb.gif
| shield_size =
|pushpin_map = Ukraine#Ukraine Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
| pushpin_map = Ukraine Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast#Ukraine
|map_caption =
| map_caption =
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{UKR}}
| subdivision_name = {{UKR}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast|name=Ivano-Frankivsk}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Tysmenytsia Raion]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ivano-Frankivsk Raion]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
|established_title = First mentioned
| established_title = First mentioned
|established_date = 1143
| established_date = 950
|established_title2 = Magdeburg rights
| established_title2 = Magdeburg rights
|established_date2 = 1449
| established_date2 = 1449
⚫
|area_total_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2016
| area_total_km2 =
| population_as_of = 2022
|population_total = 9357
| population_total = 8958
|population_metro =
| population_metro =
|population_density_km2 =
| population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone =
|utc_offset =
| timezone =
|timezone_DST =
| utc_offset =
|utc_offset_DST =
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|48|54|03|N| 24|50|57|E|type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|48|54|03|N| 24|50|57|E|type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m =
|postal_code_type =
| elevation_m =
| postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|area_code =
| postal_code =
|blank_name =
| area_code =
|blank_info =
| blank_name =
|blank1_name =
| blank_info =
|blank1_info =
| blank1_name =
|website =
| blank1_info =
|footnotes =
| website =
⚫
| footnotes =
| subdivision_type3 = [[Hromada]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tysmenytsia urban hromada]]
}}
}}
'''Tysmenytsia''' ({{langx|uk|Тисмениця}}, {{IPA|uk|ˈtɪsmenɪtsʲɐ|ipa|audio=LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Gzhegozh-Тисмениця.wav}}; {{langx|pl|Tyśmienica}}) is a [[List of cities in Ukraine|city]] in [[Ivano-Frankivsk Raion]], [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]] of western [[Ukraine]]. It hosts the administration of [[Tysmenytsia urban hromada]], one of the [[hromada]]s of Ukraine.<ref name="admreform_2020_tysmenytsia">{{cite web |title=Тисменицкая городская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/tysmenycka/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> Population: {{Ua-pop-est2022|8958|.}}
⚫
[[File:Тисменицька міська рада.jpg|thumb|City hall]]

'''Tysmenytsia''' ({{lang-uk|Тисмениця}} ''Tysmenitsia''; {{lang-pl|Tyśmienica}}) is a city, the [[capital (political)|administrative center]] of [[Tysmenytsia Raion]] in [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]] of western [[Ukraine]]. Population: {{Ua-pop-est2016|9357}}.


==Geography==
==Geography==
⚫
The city is also located in very close vicinity to the administrative center of [[Prykarpattia]], [[Ivano-Frankivsk]]. It has a population of 9,600 people according to the [[2001 Ukrainian census|Ukrainian Census (2001)]].


⚫
The city is famous for its fur factory "Tysmenytsia" that was established back in 1891. In the Soviet times the factory was the fourth major factory within the [[fur]] industry of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]].
⚫
The city is also located in very close vicinity to the administrative center of [[Prykarpattia]], [[Ivano-Frankivsk]]. It has a population 9,600 people according to the [[Ukrainian Census (2001)]].
⚫
The city is famous for its fur factory "Tysmenytsia" that was established back in 1891. In the Soviet times the factory was the fourth major factory within the [[fur]] industry of the [[Ukrainian SSR]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:Ukraine. Pokutia. Beuaplan 1648.jpg|thumb|left|A fortress of ''Ticzemenieze'' is shown on the 1639 [[Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan|Beauplan]] map.]]
⚫
[[File:Tysmienitz 1859 Tysmenytsia Galicia.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Austrian KK stamp cancelled in 1859 TYSMIENITZ]]
Tysmenytsia was first mentioned in documents from 1143, and in 1449, when the village belonged to the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]], it received [[Magdeburg rights]] from Polish king [[Kazimierz Jagiellonczyk]]. At that time, it was a royal town, with a Polish name of Tysmienica. Due to its location near the restless southern border of Poland, Tysmienica was frequently raided and burned to the ground, by the [[Crimean Tatars]] and [[Wallachia]]ns.
Tysmenytsia was first mentioned in documents from 1143, and in 1449, when the village belonged to the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]], it received [[Magdeburg rights]] from Polish king [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]]. At that time, it was a [[royal city in Poland|royal town]], with a Polish name of Tyśmienica. Due to its location near the restless southern border of Poland, Tyśmienica was frequently raided and burned to the ground, by the [[Crimean Tatars]] and [[Wallachia]]ns. Around 1540, [[Armenians in Poland|Armenian]] merchant warehouses in Tyśmienica were mentioned.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stopka|first=Krzysztof|year=2000|title=Ormianie w Polsce dawnej i dzisiejszej|language=pl|location=Kraków|publisher=Księgarnia Akademicka|page=122|isbn=83-7188-325-0}}</ref>


A local Roman Catholic parish was founded by the [[Voivode]] of [[Braclaw Voivodeship]], [[Mikolaj Potocki]]. The church was operated by the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friars under [[prior]] [[Szymon Okolski]], who opened a school here. At that time, Tysmienica belonged to the [[Potocki family]], who invited Armenian merchants to the town. The Dominican monastery was destroyed in 1676, during the [[Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76)]], rebuilt in 1678, and expanded in 1763. In 1759, an Armenian church was opened in Tysmienica.
A local Roman Catholic parish was founded by the [[Voivode]] of [[Bracław Voivodeship]], [[Mikołaj Potocki]]. The church was operated by the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friars under [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|prior]] [[Szymon Okolski]], who opened a school here. At that time, Tyśmienica belonged to the [[Potocki family]], who invited Armenian merchants to the town. It became home to one of the Armenian communes in Poland.<ref>Stopka, p. 23</ref> The Dominican monastery was destroyed in 1676, during the [[Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76)]], rebuilt in 1678, and expanded in 1763. In 1686, King [[John III Sobieski]] visited the town, awaiting Polish soldiers, who returned from a raid on Moldova. Sobieski stayed in a house which was later named “Panski Dom”, and which was demolished in 1939. In 1759, an Armenian church was opened in Tyśmienica.


⚫
[[File:Tysmienitz 1859 Tysmenytsia Galicia.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|Austrian KK stamp cancelled in 1859 TYSMIENITZ]]
In 1686, King [[Jan III Sobieski]] visited the town, awaiting Polish soldiers, who returned from a raid on Moldova. Sobieski stayed in a house which was later named “Panski Dom”, and which was demolished in 1939. In 1772, Tysmienica was annexed by the [[Habsburg Monarchy|Habsburg Empire]], and remained in Austrian [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] until late 1918 (see [[Partitions of Poland]]). The town, which burned in several fires, lost its importance to the nearby [[Stanyslaviv|Stanislawow]] (now Ivano Frankivsk), and lost its charter. In 1900, Tysmenytsia was in [[Tłumacz]] powiat.<ref>[http://worsten.org/galicio/tysmienica/weod_tysmienica.htm County of Tyśmienica] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002113943/http://worsten.org/galicio/tysmienica/weod_tysmienica.htm |date=2006-10-02 }} ([http://worsten.org/galicio/indeksoj_gal/en_gal.htm English version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060815235124/http://worsten.org/galicio/indeksoj_gal/en_gal.htm |date=2006-08-15 }} has less information)</ref>
In 1772, Tysmienica was annexed by the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]] in the [[First Partition of Poland]], and remained in Austrian [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]] until 1918. The town, which burned in several fires, lost its importance to the nearby [[Stanyslaviv|Stanislawow]] (now Ivano-Frankivsk), and lost its charter. In 1900, Tysmenytsia was in [[Tłumacz]] powiat.<ref>[http://worsten.org/galicio/tysmienica/weod_tysmienica.htm County of Tyśmienica] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002113943/http://worsten.org/galicio/tysmienica/weod_tysmienica.htm |date=2006-10-02 }} ([http://worsten.org/galicio/indeksoj_gal/en_gal.htm English version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060815235124/http://worsten.org/galicio/indeksoj_gal/en_gal.htm |date=2006-08-15 }} has less information)</ref>
{{Historical populations|1921|7027|1931|7257|2022|8958
|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego|volume=X|year=1932|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=195}}</ref>}}


In the interbellum period, Tysmienica returned to Poland, and until the 1939 [[Invasion of Poland]] belonged to [[Stanislawow Voivodeship]]. In September 1939 it was captured by the [[Red Army]], and Soviet authorities destroyed all ancient buildings, such as the Dominican church, Armenian church, the house of Sobieski, and historic cemetery.
In the interbellum period, Tyśmienica returned to Poland, and until the 1939 [[invasion of Poland]] belonged to [[Stanisławów Voivodeship]]. In September 1939 it was captured by the [[Red Army]], and Soviet authorities destroyed all ancient buildings, such as the Dominican church, Armenian church, the house of Sobieski, and historic cemetery. Under the German occupation, which began August 1941, the Germans, assisted by the Ukrainian police, murdered or deported to Stanisławów, all of the Jewish community of Tysmenytsia, which had numbered around 1500. Those sent to Stanisławów were later sent to the killing camp, Belzec. Few of Tysmenytsia's Jews survived the war.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Megargee |first1=Geoffrey |title=Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos |date=2012 |publisher=University of Indiana Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=978-0-253-35599-7 |page=Volume II 845-6}}</ref>


On March 28, 1982 Tysmenytsia became an administrative center of the former Ivano-Frankivsk Raion. Since then the name of raion was changed correspondingly to its administrative center – Tysmenytsia.
On March 28, 1982 Tysmenytsia became an administrative center of the former Ivano-Frankivsk Raion. Since then the name of raion was changed correspondingly to its administrative center – Tysmenytsia.


Until 18 July 2020, Tysmenytsia was the administrative center of [[Tysmenytsia Raion]]. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Tysmenytsia Raion was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=Ukrainian}}</ref>
==People==
==Demographics==
As of the [[2001 Ukrainian census]], the town had a population of 9,720. The ethnic composition was as follows:
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Національний склад міст |url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/ethnic-cities |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Datatowel.in.ua |language=uk}}</ref>
{{bar box|title= Ethnic groups in Tysmenytsia|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Ukrainians]]|dodgerblue|99.01}}
{{bar percent|[[Russians in Ukraine|Russians]]|purple|0.74}}
{{bar percent|others|grey|0.25}}}}


==Notable people==
⚫
* [[Saint Job of Maniava]], Ukrainian Orthodox saint born in Tysmenytsia.
⚫
[[File:Тисменицька міська рада.jpg|thumb|City hall]]
⚫
* [[Kost Levytsky]] Ukrainian politician
⚫
* [[Saint Job of Maniava]], Ukrainian Orthodox saint born in Tysmenytsia
⚫
* [[Kost Levytsky]], Ukrainian politician
* [[Henry Roth]], [[Jewish American]] writer
* [[Henry Roth]], [[Jewish American]] writer
* [[Oleh Lysheha]], Ukrainian poet born in Tysmenytsia.
* [[Oleh Lysheha]], Ukrainian poet born in Tysmenytsia
* Jacob Kallmann Freud, father of [[Sigmund Freud]]
* [[Jacob Freud]], father of [[Sigmund Freud]]


==Sister Cities==
==Sister Cities==
Line 79: Line 93:


== Transport ==
== Transport ==
⚫
Tysmenytsia can be reached by train, bus or by plane to Ivano-Frankivsk, which is about 20 minutes by bus from the city.

⚫
Tysmenytsya can be reached by train, bus or by plane to Ivano-Frankivsk, which is about 20 minutes by bus from the city.


;Local orientation
;Local orientation
{{Geographic Location (8-way)
{{Geographic Location (8-way)
| Northwest = [[Pidpechery]]<br>[[Uhornyky, Ivano-Frankivsk|Uhornyky]]
| Northwest = [[Pidpechery]]<br>[[Uhornyky, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast|Uhornyky]]
| North = [[Dobrovlyany]]
| North = [[Dobrovliany]]
| Northeast = [[Vilshanytsya]]
| Northeast = [[Vilshanytsia]]
| West = [[Mykytyntsi]]
| West = [[Mykytyntsi]]
| Centre = Tysmenytsia
| Centre = Tysmenytsia
| East = [[Klubivtsi]]<br>[[Nadorozhna]]
| East = [[Klubivtsi]]<br>[[Nadorozhna]]
| Southwest = [[Khryplyn]]
| Southwest = [[Khryplyn]]
| South = [[Khomyakivka]]
| South = [[Khomiakivka]]
| Southeast = [[Pohonya]]<br>[[Pshenychnyky]]}}
| Southeast = [[Pohonia, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast|Pohonia]]<br>[[Pshenychnyky]]}}


;Regional orientation
;Regional orientation
Line 110: Line 123:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{commonscatinline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061002113943/http://worsten.org/galicio/tysmienica/weod_tysmienica.htm County of Tyśmienica] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20060815235124/http://worsten.org/galicio/indeksoj_gal/en_gal.htm English version])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061002113943/http://worsten.org/galicio/tysmienica/weod_tysmienica.htm County of Tyśmienica] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20060815235124/http://worsten.org/galicio/indeksoj_gal/en_gal.htm English version])
* [http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Tysmienica/Tysmienica.html Tysmienica Yizkor book]
* [http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Tysmienica/Tysmienica.html Tysmienica Yizkor book]
* [http://www.jewishgalicia.net/Gallery/Tysmenits.aspx Photographs of Jewish sites in Tysmenytsia] in [http://www.jewishgalicia.net Jewish History in Galicia and Bukovina]
* [http://www.jewishgalicia.net/Gallery/Tysmenits.aspx Photographs of Jewish sites in Tysmenytsia] in [http://www.jewishgalicia.net Jewish History in Galicia and Bukovina]

⚫
{{Tysmenytsia Raion}}
{{Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast}}
{{Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Tysmenytsia| ]]
[[Category:Tysmenytsia| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Cities in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]
[[Category:Cities of district significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Cities of district significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Stanisławów Voivodeship]]

Latest revision as of 08:36, 17 December 2024

This article is about the place in Ukraine. For the place in Poland, see Tyśmienica, Lublin Voivodeship.
For the river, see Tysmenytsia (river).
Tysmenytsia
Тисмениця
City
Church of the Nativity of Our Lady
Church of the Nativity of Our Lady
Flag of Tysmenytsia
Flag
Coat of arms of Tysmenytsia
Coat of arms
Tysmenytsia is located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Tysmenytsia
Tysmenytsia
Tysmenytsia is located in Ukraine
Tysmenytsia
Tysmenytsia
Coordinates: 48°54′03″N 24°50′57″E / 48.90083°N 24.84917°E / 48.90083; 24.84917
Country Ukraine
OblastIvano-Frankivsk Oblast
RaionIvano-Frankivsk Raion
HromadaTysmenytsia urban hromada
First mentioned950
Magdeburg rights1449
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
8,958

Tysmenytsia (Ukrainian: Тисмениця, IPA: [ˈtɪsmenɪtsʲɐ] ⓘ; Polish: Tyśmienica) is a city in Ivano-Frankivsk Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast of western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Tysmenytsia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 8,958 (2022 estimate).[2]

Geography

[edit]

The city is also located in very close vicinity to the administrative center of Prykarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a population of 9,600 people according to the Ukrainian Census (2001).

The city is famous for its fur factory "Tysmenytsia" that was established back in 1891. In the Soviet times the factory was the fourth major factory within the fur industry of the Ukrainian SSR.

History

[edit]
A fortress of Ticzemenieze is shown on the 1639 Beauplan map.

Tysmenytsia was first mentioned in documents from 1143, and in 1449, when the village belonged to the Kingdom of Poland, it received Magdeburg rights from Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon. At that time, it was a royal town, with a Polish name of Tyśmienica. Due to its location near the restless southern border of Poland, Tyśmienica was frequently raided and burned to the ground, by the Crimean Tatars and Wallachians. Around 1540, Armenian merchant warehouses in Tyśmienica were mentioned.[3]

A local Roman Catholic parish was founded by the Voivode of Bracław Voivodeship, Mikołaj Potocki. The church was operated by the Dominican friars under prior Szymon Okolski, who opened a school here. At that time, Tyśmienica belonged to the Potocki family, who invited Armenian merchants to the town. It became home to one of the Armenian communes in Poland.[4] The Dominican monastery was destroyed in 1676, during the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76), rebuilt in 1678, and expanded in 1763. In 1686, King John III Sobieski visited the town, awaiting Polish soldiers, who returned from a raid on Moldova. Sobieski stayed in a house which was later named “Panski Dom”, and which was demolished in 1939. In 1759, an Armenian church was opened in Tyśmienica.

Austrian KK stamp cancelled in 1859 TYSMIENITZ

In 1772, Tysmienica was annexed by the Habsburg Empire in the First Partition of Poland, and remained in Austrian Galicia until 1918. The town, which burned in several fires, lost its importance to the nearby Stanislawow (now Ivano-Frankivsk), and lost its charter. In 1900, Tysmenytsia was in Tłumacz powiat.[5]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19217,027—    
19317,257+3.3%
20228,958+23.4%
Source: [6]

In the interbellum period, Tyśmienica returned to Poland, and until the 1939 invasion of Poland belonged to Stanisławów Voivodeship. In September 1939 it was captured by the Red Army, and Soviet authorities destroyed all ancient buildings, such as the Dominican church, Armenian church, the house of Sobieski, and historic cemetery. Under the German occupation, which began August 1941, the Germans, assisted by the Ukrainian police, murdered or deported to Stanisławów, all of the Jewish community of Tysmenytsia, which had numbered around 1500. Those sent to Stanisławów were later sent to the killing camp, Belzec. Few of Tysmenytsia's Jews survived the war.[7]

On March 28, 1982 Tysmenytsia became an administrative center of the former Ivano-Frankivsk Raion. Since then the name of raion was changed correspondingly to its administrative center – Tysmenytsia.

Until 18 July 2020, Tysmenytsia was the administrative center of Tysmenytsia Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Tysmenytsia Raion was merged into Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.[8][9]

Demographics

[edit]

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, the town had a population of 9,720. The ethnic composition was as follows: [10]

Ethnic groups in Tysmenytsia
percent
Ukrainians
 
 99.01%
Russians
 
 0.74%
others
 
 0.25%

Notable people

[edit]
City hall

Sister Cities

[edit]

Transport

[edit]

Tysmenytsia can be reached by train, bus or by plane to Ivano-Frankivsk, which is about 20 minutes by bus from the city.

Local orientation
Regional orientation

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Тисменицкая городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. ^ Stopka, Krzysztof (2000). Ormianie w Polsce dawnej i dzisiejszej (in Polish). Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka. p. 122. ISBN 83-7188-325-0.
  4. ^ Stopka, p. 23
  5. ^ County of Tyśmienica Archived 2006-10-02 at the Wayback Machine (English version Archived 2006-08-15 at the Wayback Machine has less information)
  6. ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 195.
  7. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II 845-6. ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
  8. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  9. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  10. ^ "Національний склад міст". Datatowel.in.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  11. ^ "Interactive City Directory". Sister Cities International.
[edit]
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