Palacio de Galiana, Toledo: Difference between revisions

Palacio de Galiana
Palacio de Galiana
	Palacio de Galiana
	Location of Palacio de Galiana
General information
Architectural style	Mudéjar architectural style
Location	Toledo, Spain
Country	Spain
Coordinates	39°51′55″N 4°00′18″W / 39.8654°N 4.0051°W
Owner	Alphonse X of Castile

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The Palacio de Galiana is a Mudéjar palace in Toledo, Spain, on the borders of the Tagus River. It was built on the site of an earlier summer villa and garden of Al-Mamun, the king of the Taifa of Toledo, in the thirteenth century by king Alfonso X of Castile.

Gardens

The garden area around the palace, called the 'Al-Munya al-Na‘ura' (the Water Wheel Orchard)^[1] or 'Huerta del Rey' (the king's garden) included a botanical garden of the pharmacologist Ibn al-Wafid.^[2] The garden was also, possibly, the location of a water clock, constructed by Al-Zarqali.^[3]

20th century

From the 1950s onwards the Palacio de Galiana was restored and its present garden designed by the architects Manuel Gómez Moreno and Fernando Chueca Goitía under the auspices of its owner Carmen Marañón.^[4]

Notes

^ Antonio Almagro and Luis Ramón-Laca, "Introduction to the catalogue of Andalusian Gardens" (Toledo 7) "Middle East Garden Traditions". Archived from the original on 2009-02-11. Retrieved 2009-02-11. (retrieved 27 November 2008)
^ The Economic History of Spain Under the Umayyads, 711-1031, p. 38: "Ibn al-Wafid specialised in medicine and botany and wrote important works and was employed by Mamun of Toledo to lay out his famous botanical garden near Toledo in the valley of the Tagus between the Palace called Galiana and the river."
^ In Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Makkari, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain, (Routledge, 2002) reprinted from the first edition of 1840-43, Contributor Michael Brett writes (p. 384): "Los Palacios de Galiana (the palace of Galiana), where two tanks similar to those here described are still visible."
^ Eduardo Mencos, Hidden Gardens of Spain, Frances Lincoln Ltd, 2004, ISBN 9780711219649, p. 67 [1] (retrieved on November 27, 2008)

References

Martínez Caviró, B., Mudéjar Toledano. Palacios y Conventos, Madrid, 1980

External links

Thorough report and extensive references on the early history of the palace, photos and map at the bottom, on Middle East Gardens.com (retrieved on November 27, 2008)
Photos of the Palacio de Galiana on Oronoz.com [2] (retrieved on November 27, 2008)
In Spanish: Jésus Téllez Rubio, "Dos Agrónomos Toledanos: Ibn Wâfid e Ibn Bassâl, y la Huerta del Rey" in: Tulaytula: Revista de la Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico, ISSN 1575-653X, Nº. 4, 1999, pags. 49-58 (click on 'descargar' PDF) [3] (retrieved on November 30, 2008)
Julián Ramos Ramos, "Las almunias de la ciudad de Toledo", in: Tulaytula: Revista de la Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico, ISSN 1575-653X, Nº. 3, 1998, pags. 51-76 [4] (click on 'descargar' PDF)
Wikimapia [5] (retrieved on November 27, 2008)
In Spanish, "La Historia de Fermosa" Abraham S. Marrache, Hebraica Ediciones 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20130607013300/http://lahistoriadefermosa.com/ : Palacio de Galiana was the backdrop to the love affair that took place in 1179, between King Alfonso VIII of Castile and Fermosa, the young Jewess from Toledo.

[1] Antonio Almagro and Luis Ramón-Laca, "Introduction to the catalogue of Andalusian Gardens" (Toledo 7) "Middle East Garden Traditions". Archived from the original on 2009-02-11. Retrieved 2009-02-11. (retrieved 27 November 2008)

[2] The Economic History of Spain Under the Umayyads, 711-1031, p. 38: "Ibn al-Wafid specialised in medicine and botany and wrote important works and was employed by Mamun of Toledo to lay out his famous botanical garden near Toledo in the valley of the Tagus between the Palace called Galiana and the river."

[3] In Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Makkari, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain, (Routledge, 2002) reprinted from the first edition of 1840-43, Contributor Michael Brett writes (p. 384): "Los Palacios de Galiana (the palace of Galiana), where two tanks similar to those here described are still visible."

[4] Eduardo Mencos, Hidden Gardens of Spain, Frances Lincoln Ltd, 2004, ISBN 9780711219649, p. 67 [1] (retrieved on November 27, 2008)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

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-| owner                = Alphonse X de Castille
+| owner                = Alphonse X of Castile
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@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 ==Gardens==
-The garden area around the palace, called the 'Al-Munya al-Na‘ura' (the Water Wheel Orchard)<ref>Antonio Almagro and Luis Ramón-Laca, "Introduction to the catalogue of Andalusian Gardens" (Toledo 7) {{cite web |url=http://www.middleeastgarden.com/garden/english/?page=spain |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-02-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211174157/http://www.middleeastgarden.com/garden/english/?page=spain |archivedate=2009-02-11 }} (retrieved 27 November 2008)</ref> or 'Huerta del Rey' (the king's garden)  included a botanical garden of the pharmacologist [[Ibn al-Wafid]].<ref>''The Economic History of Spain Under the Umayyads, 711-1031'', p. 38: "[[Ibn al-Wafid]] specialised in medicine and botany and wrote important works and was employed by Mamun of Toledo to lay out his famous botanical garden near Toledo in the valley of the Tagus between the Palace called Galiana and the river."</ref> It was famous for its irrigation works, the ruins of which are still to be seen.
+The garden area around the palace, called the 'Al-Munya al-Na‘ura' (the Water Wheel Orchard)<ref>Antonio Almagro and Luis Ramón-Laca, "Introduction to the catalogue of Andalusian Gardens" (Toledo 7) {{cite web |url=http://www.middleeastgarden.com/garden/english/?page=spain |title=Middle East Garden Traditions |access-date=2009-02-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211174157/http://www.middleeastgarden.com/garden/english/?page=spain |archive-date=2009-02-11 }} (retrieved 27 November 2008)</ref> or 'Huerta del Rey' (the king's garden)  included a botanical garden of the pharmacologist [[Ibn al-Wafid]].<ref>''The Economic History of Spain Under the Umayyads, 711-1031'', p. 38: "[[Ibn al-Wafid]] specialised in medicine and botany and wrote important works and was employed by Mamun of Toledo to lay out his famous botanical garden near Toledo in the valley of the Tagus between the Palace called Galiana and the river."</ref> The garden was also, possibly, the location of a [[water clock]], constructed by [[Al-Zarqali]].<ref>In ''Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Makkari, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain'', (Routledge, 2002) reprinted from the first edition of 1840-43, Contributor Michael Brett writes (p. 384): "Los Palacios de Galiana (the palace of Galiana), where two tanks similar to those here described are still visible."</ref>
-The garden was also, possibly, the location of a [[water clock]], constructed by [[Al-Zarqali]].<ref>In ''Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Makkari, The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain'', (Routledge, 2002) reprinted from the first edition of 1840-43, Contributor Michael Brett writes (p. 384): "Los Palacios de Galiana (the palace of Galiana), where two tanks similar to those here described are still visible."</ref>
 ==20th century==
@@ Line 60: / Line 58: @@
 ==Notes==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 67: / Line 65: @@
 ==External links==
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141025101152/http://www.middleeastgarden.com/garden/english/?page=bakdetay&referans=C15&category=catalog Thorough report and extensive references on the early history of the palace, photos and map at the bottom, on ''Middle East Gardens.com'' ] (retrieved on November 27, 2008)
-*Photos of the Palacio de Galiana on ''Oronoz.com'' [http://www.oronoz.com/muestrafotostitulos.php?pedido=TOLEDO%20PALACIO%20DE%20GALIANA&tabla=Claves] (retrieved on November 27, 2008)
+*Photos of the Palacio de Galiana on ''Oronoz.com'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211180652/http://www.oronoz.com/muestrafotostitulos.php?pedido=TOLEDO%20PALACIO%20DE%20GALIANA&tabla=Claves] (retrieved on November 27, 2008)
 *In Spanish: Jésus Téllez Rubio, "Dos Agrónomos Toledanos: Ibn Wâfid e Ibn Bassâl, y la Huerta del Rey" in: ''Tulaytula: Revista de la Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico'', ISSN 1575-653X, Nº. 4, 1999, pags. 49-58 (click on 'descargar' PDF) [http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2481155] (retrieved on November 30, 2008)
 *Julián Ramos Ramos, "Las almunias de la ciudad de Toledo", in: ''Tulaytula: Revista de la Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico'', ISSN 1575-653X, Nº. 3, 1998, pags. 51-76 [http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2481122] (click on 'descargar' PDF)
 *''Wikimapia'' [http://wikimapia.org/5590910/Palacio-de-Galiana] (retrieved on November 27, 2008)
-* In Spanish, "La Historia de Fermosa" Abraham S. Marrache, Hebraica Ediciones 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20130607013300/http://lahistoriadefermosa.com/ : Palacio de Galiana was the backdrop to the love affair that took place in 1179, between King Alfonso VIII of Castille and Fermosa, the young Jewess from Toledo.
+* In Spanish, "La Historia de Fermosa" Abraham S. Marrache, Hebraica Ediciones 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20130607013300/http://lahistoriadefermosa.com/ : Palacio de Galiana was the backdrop to the love affair that took place in 1179, between King Alfonso VIII of Castile and Fermosa, the young Jewess from Toledo.
 {{Tourism in Toledo}}
+{{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Palacio De Galiana}}
 [[Category:Houses completed in the 13th century]]
 [[Category:Mudéjar architecture in Castilla–La Mancha]]
 [[Category:Gardens in Spain]]
-[[Category:Palaces in Toledo| Galiana]]
+[[Category:Palaces in Toledo, Spain| Galiana]]
-[[Category:Landscape design history of Spain]]
 [[Category:Tourist attractions in Toledo, Spain]]

v t e Toledo landmarks
Gates	Puerta Bab al-Mardum Puerta de Alarcones Puerta de Alcántara Puerta de Bisagra Puerta de Bisagra Nueva Puerta del Cambrón Puerta de los Doce Cantos Puerta del Sol Puerta del Vado
Religious buildings	Agustinas Calzadas Carmelitas Descalzas de San José Carmelitas Descalzos Cristo de la Vega El Salvador La Magdalena Las Concepcionistas Monastery of San Juan de los Reyes Monastery of Santo Domingo el Antiguo Monastery of Santo Domingo el Real Mosque of Cristo de la Luz Mosque of las Tornerías Nuestra Señora de la Estrella Purísima Concepción San Andrés San Antonio de Padua San Bartolomé San Cipriano San Clemente San Felipe de Neri San Idelfonso San Juan de la Penitencia San Lorenzo San Lucas San Miguel el Alto San Pedro Mártir San Román San Sebastián Santa Clara la Real Santa Fé Santa Isabel de los Reyes Santa Leocadia Santas Justa y Rufina Santa Úrsula Santiago del Arrabal Santos Justo y Pastor Santo Tomé San Vicente Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca Synagogue of El Transito Toledo Cathedral Tower of San Cristóbal
Bridges	Puente de San Martín Roman Puente de Alcántara
Other sights	Alcázar of Toledo Alhóndiga Arab baths of Ángel Arab baths of Caballel Arab baths of Cenizal Arab baths of Tenerías Archbishop's Palace Basements of Cardenal Cisneros Bullring Castle of San Servando Cerro del Bu Cigarrales Colegio de Nuestra Señora de los Infantes Cortes of Castile-La Mancha Flour factory San José Former Casino Hospital del Nuncio Nuevo Infantry Academy Islamic Halls of Colegio de Doncellas Palacio de Fuensalida Palacio de Galiana Palacio de La Cava Palacio del Marqués de Malpica Real Colegio de Doncellas Nobles Roman aqueducts Roman baths Roman Cave of Hercules Roman circus of Toledo Roman remains under Alfonso X Roman vaults of Nuncio Viejo School of Arts and Crafts of Toledo The Jewish House The Templar House Toledo railway station Well of El Salvador University of Castilla-La Mancha Juridical and Social Sciences faculty Vice-Rectorate of Teaching and International Relations Walls
Museums and performing arts	Caja Castilla-La Mancha Foundation El Greco Museum Hospital de Tavera Army Museum of Toledo Museum of Santa Cruz San Marcos Arts Centre Sephardic Museum Teatro Rojas Workshop of the Moor
Streets and squares	Plaza de San Justo Plaza de las Cuatro Calles Plaza de Zocodover Plaza Nueva
See also	Jewish quarter of Toledo Subterranean Toledo

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Spain