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{{short description|French artistic gymnast}}
{{under construction}}
{{Infobox gymnast
{{Infobox gymnast
|name= Aline Friess
|name= Aline Friess
|image=2022-08-14 European Championships 2022 – Artistic Gymnastics Women's Apparatus Final Vault by Sandro Halank–119.jpg
|image=
|imagesize=
|imagesize=
|caption= Friess at the [[2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2022 European Championships]]
|caption=
|fullname= Aline Friess
|fullname= Aline Friess
|nickname=
|nickname= Frissou
|country= {{FRA}}
|country= {{FRA}}
|birth_date= {{Birth date and age|2003|7|05}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=61867|title=FRIESS Aline - FIG Athlete Profile|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref>
|birth_date= {{Birth date and age|2003|7|05}}
|birth_place= [[Obernai]], [[France]]
|birth_place= [[Obernai]], [[France]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=61867|title=FRIESS Aline - FIG Athlete Profile|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref>
|hometown= Obernai
|hometown= [[Obernai]], [[France]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=61867|title=FRIESS Aline - FIG Athlete Profile|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref>
|residence= [[INSEP]], Paris
|height= 1.67 m<ref name="tokyoprofile"/>
|discipline= WAG
|discipline= WAG
|level= Senior international elite
|level= Senior international elite
|natlteam= 2016–present
|natlteam= 2016–present ([[France women's national artistic gymnastics team|FRA]])
|club= Meaux Gymnastique (2024–present)<br>Sports Reunis Obernai (2009–2024)
|club= Sports Reunis Obernai<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=61867|title=FRIESS Aline - FIG Athlete Profile|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref>
|gym= Pôle de Saint-Etienne
|gym= INSEP
|headcoach= Martine Georges, Alisée Dal Santos, Jérome Martin, Tara Duncanson
|headcoach=Eric Hagard, Monique Hagard<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=61867|title=FRIESS Aline - FIG Athlete Profile|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref>
|choreographer=
|choreographer= Grégory Milan
|formercoach= Eric Hagard, Monique Hagard, Nellu Pop
|music=
|music=
|show-medals = yes
|show-medals = yes
|medaltemplates=
|medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport|Women's [[artistic gymnastics]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{FRA}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2022 Munich]]|Vault}}
{{MedalCount|World Challenge Cup|3|0|1
| total=
}}
}}
}}

'''Aline Friess''' (born 5 July 2003)<ref name="tokyoprofile">{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/artistic-gymnastics/athlete-profile-n1334972-friess-aline.htm|title=Aline Friess|website=Tokyo 2020|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]|accessdate=28 July 2021|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731033313/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/artistic-gymnastics/athlete-profile-n1334972-friess-aline.htm|archive-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> is a French artistic gymnast. She competed with the French teams at the [[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2019 World Championships]], the [[2020 Summer Olympics]], the [[2022 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]] and the [[2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships]] where she won bronze on vault.

== Early life ==
Friess was born on 5 July 2003 in [[Obernai]]. She began gymnastics in 2009 after she accompanied a friend to a training session.<ref name="tokyoprofile"/> In 2016, she moved from her club in Obernai to a national training centre in [[Saint-Étienne]] (Pole France de Saint-Etienne) and joined the [[France women's national artistic gymnastics team|French national team]].<ref name="pokaa">{{cite web |last1=Kaspar |first1=Nicolas |title=De l'Alsace à Tokyo : Aline Friess, 5ème au championnat du monde de gymnastique |trans-title=From Alsace to Tokyo: Aline Friess, 5th at the world gymnastics championship |url=https://pokaa.fr/2021/08/24/de-lalsace-a-tokyo-aline-friess-5eme-au-championnat-du-monde-de-gymnastique/ |website=Pokaa |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=fr |date=24 August 2021}}</ref> In 2023, she moved to [[INSEP]] in Paris because she needed some changes after a complicated year.


== Junior career ==
'''Aline Friess''' (born 5 July 2003)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thegymter.net/aline-friess/|title=Aline Friess|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> is a French artistic gymnast. She is part of the French team at the [[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]].<ref name="La sélection française pour les Mondiaux de gymnastique 2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportmag.fr/gymnastique/la-selection-francaise-pour-les-mondiaux-de-gymnastique-2019/|title=La sélection française pour les Mondiaux de gymnastique 2019|website=SPORTMAG.fr|date=2019-09-03|accessdate=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/sports/20191004-mondiaux-gymnastique-france-samir-ait-said-conquete-tokyo-2020|title=Mondiaux de gymnastique: la France et Samir Aït-Saïd à la conquête de Tokyo 2020|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale|RFI]]|date=2019-10-04|accessdate=2019-10-08}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Gymnastique-artistique/Actualites/Les-3-bonnes-raisons-de-suivre-les-mondiaux/1066260|title=Les 3 bonnes raisons de suivre les Mondiaux - Gym|website=L'Équipe|date=2019-10-04|accessdate=2019-10-08}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/sport/mondiaux-de-gym-les-bleues-font-un-pas-de-geant-vers-les-jo-2020_2101507.html|title=Mondiaux de gym: les Bleues font un pas de géant vers les JO-2020 |website=[[L'Express]]|date=2019-10-04|accessdate=2019-10-08}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.oasport.it/2019/10/ginnastica-mondiali-2019-si-inizia-primo-giorno-di-qualifiche-cosa-aspettarci-tocca-a-cina-canada-francia-e-belgio-lanalisi-della-gara/|title=Ginnastica, Mondiali 2019: si inizia! Primo giorno di qualifiche, cosa aspettarci? Tocca a Cina, Canada, Francia e Belgio: l'analisi della gara |website=[[OA Sport]]|date=2019-10-03|accessdate=2019-10-08}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.oasport.it/2019/10/ginnastica-mondiali-2019-francia-stellare-la-gara-perfetta-de-jesus-incontenibile-romania-fuori-dalle-olimpiadi-2/|title=Ginnastica, Mondiali 2019: Francia stellare, la gara perfetta! De Jesus incontenibile, Romania fuori dalle Olimpiadi!|website=[[OA Sport]]|date=2019-10-04|accessdate=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.la-croix.com/Sport/Mondiaux-gym-Biles-ouvre-chasse-records-2019-10-08-1301052978|title=Mondiaux de gym: Biles ouvre la chasse aux records|website=La Croix|date=2019-10-08|accessdate=2019-10-08}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Gymnastique/Actualites/Mondiaux-les-americaines-sacrees-les-francaises-cinquiemes/1067779|title=Mondiaux : les Américaines sacrées, les Françaises cinquièmes - Gym - Mondiaux (F)|website=L'Équipe|date=2019-10-08|accessdate=2019-10-08}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/plus-de-sports/mondiaux-de-gymnastique-deception-pour-les-francaises-encore-hors-podium-1783060.html|title=Mondiaux de gymnastique: déception pour les Françaises, encore hors podium|website=RMC Sport|date=2019-10-08|accessdate=2019-10-08}}</ref>
Friess made her international debut at the 2016 Élite Gym Massilia where she finished fourth with her team and twenty-fourth in the all-around.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palmares Open-Massilia 2016 par Èquipe |url=https://gymnasticsresults.com/archive/2016/eu/fra/massilia/openteamsaa.pdf |website=Gymnastics Results |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Palmares Open-Massilia 2016 individuel |url=https://gymnasticsresults.com/archive/2016/eu/fra/massilia/openaa.pdf |website=Gymnastics Results |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=fr}}</ref>


== Career ==
=== 2017 ===
At the Sainté Gym Cup, Friess helped the French team win the gold medal, and she won the silver medal in the all-around.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopkins |first1=Lauren |title=2017 Sainté Gym Cup Results |url=https://thegymter.net/2017/03/26/2017-sainte-gym-cup-results/ |website=The Gymternet |access-date=1 May 2022 |date=26 March 2017}}</ref> She then won the gold medal in the all-around at the International GymSport in [[Sangalhos|Sangalhos, Portugal]], and she won the bronze medal on the balance beam and the floor exercise.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopkins |first1=Lauren |title=2017 International GymSport Results |url=https://thegymter.net/2017/05/23/2017-international-gymsport-results/ |website=The Gymternet |access-date=1 May 2022 |date=23 May 2017}}</ref> Then at the French Championships, she won the silver medal in the all-around behind [[Célia Serber]]. She also placed eighth on the uneven bars and seventh on the floor exercise.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopkins |first1=Lauren |title=2017 French Championships Results |url=https://thegymter.net/2017/05/28/2017-french-championships-results/ |website=The Gymternet |access-date=1 May 2022 |date=28 May 2017}}</ref> She helped the French team win the silver medal behind Italy at the FIT Challenge and placed eleventh in the all-around.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopkins |first1=Lauren |title=2017 FIT Challenge Results |url=https://thegymter.net/2017/06/13/2017-fit-challenge-results/ |website=The Gymternet |access-date=1 May 2022 |date=13 June 2017}}</ref> She competed at the [[Gymnastics at the 2017 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival|European Youth Olympic Festival]] but on vault, she was injured and had two fractures in her foot. She missed the rest of the season and did not return to training until March 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Après 9 mois d'absence, Aline Friess est de retour : Interview |trans-title=After 9 months of absence, Aline Friess is back: Interview |url=https://actusgymnastique.wordpress.com/2018/05/27/apres-9-mois-dabsence-aline-friess-est-de-retour-interview/ |website=Actus Gymnastique |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=fr |date=27 May 2018}}</ref>
Aline Friess began competing in the year 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=61867|title=FRIESS Aline - FIG Athlete Profile|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> Her coaches are Eric and Monique Hagard.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=61867|title=FRIESS Aline - FIG Athlete Profile|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref>


=== 2018 ===
=== 2018 ===
Friess returned to competition in May at the French Championships where she competed on the vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise but did not qualify for any finals.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hopkins|first1=Lauren|url=https://thegymter.net/2018/05/20/2018-french-championships-results/|title=2018 French Championships Results|website=The Gymternet|date=20 May 2018|accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref> In July, she competed at the Pieve di Soligo Friendly in Italy and finished sixteenth in the all-around and helped the French team placed second behind Italy.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hopkins|first1=Lauren|url=https://thegymter.net/2018/07/17/2018-pieve-di-soligo-friendly-results/|title=2018 Pieve di Soligo Friendly Results|website=The Gymternet|date=17 July 2019|accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref> She was chosen as the alternate for the [[2018 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ch. d'Europe de Gymnastique Artistique : la composition de l'équipe de France |trans-title=European Championship of Artistic Gymnastics: the composition of the French team |url=https://www.ffgym.fr/Actualite/2018_-_06_-_g_a_m__g_a_f_-_c_n_s_championnat_deurope_glasgow |website=[[French Gymnastics Federation]] |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=fr |date=27 June 2018}}</ref> However, when Julia Forestier had to withdraw due to an injury, Friess was put on the team.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hopkins|first1=Lauren|url=https://thegymter.net/2018/07/03/the-european-championships-junior-womens-master-team-list/|title=The European Championships Junior Women's Master Team List|website=The Gymternet|date=3 July 2018|accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref> She competed on the uneven bars with a score of 12.900 and balance beam with a score of 10.933, helping the team finish fifth.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artistic Gymnastics Women's Junior QC for AF, TF, & AA Results |url=https://gymnasticsresults.com/results/2018/euros/documents/wag/junteams.pdf |website=Gymnastics Results |publisher=[[European Union of Gymnastics]] |access-date=1 April 2021 |date=3 August 2018}}</ref> In November, she competed at Élite Gym Massilia where she won the team gold medal and finished twelfth in the all-around, fourth on vault, and she won a bronze medal on balance beam.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hopkins|first1=Lauren|website=The Gymternet|url=https://thegymter.net/2018/12/02/2018-elite-gym-massilia-results/|title=2018 Elite Gym Massilia Results|date=2 December 2018|accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref>
Aline Friess competed in the junior division of the [[2018 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thegymter.net/2018/08/06/2018-european-championships-results/|title=2018 European Championships Results|date=2018-08-06|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> She participated in the team final on uneven bars with a score of 12.900 and balance beam with a score of 10.933, helping the team to a 5th-place finish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thegymter.net/2018/08/06/2018-european-championships-results/|title=2018 European Championships Results|date=2018-08-06|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref>


== Senior career ==
=== 2019 ===
=== 2019 ===
Aline Friess was selected to participate in the [[Gymnastics at the 2019 European Games Women's artistic qualification|2019 European Games.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thegymter.net/2019/06/17/the-european-games-womens-master-team-list/|title=The European Games Women's Master Team List|date=2019-06-17|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> She finished 4th in the all-around final, just less than a tenth away from making the podium with a score of 52.699.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thegymter.net/2019/06/30/2019-european-games-results/|title=2019 European Games Results|date=2019-06-30|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> She also had the highest vault score in the all-around final out of all 18 competitors with a score of 14.800.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thegymter.net/2019/06/30/2019-european-games-results/|title=2019 European Games Results|date=2019-06-30|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> Friess was named to the [[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|2019 Worlds Artistic Gymnastics Championships]] French team alongside [[Marine Boyer]], [[Lorette Charpy]], [[Melanie de Jesus dos Santos]], and [[Claire Pontlevoy]].<ref name="La sélection française pour les Mondiaux de gymnastique 2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportmag.fr/gymnastique/la-selection-francaise-pour-les-mondiaux-de-gymnastique-2019/|title=La sélection française pour les Mondiaux de gymnastique 2019|website=SPORTMAG.fr|date=2019-09-03|accessdate=2019-10-08}}</ref> On October 4, 2019, she competed in team qualifications on all four events, earning 15.000 on vault, 13.566 on uneven bars, 12.700 on balance beam, and 12.733 on floor exercise, totaling a 53.799 all around.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/2019/Artistic-14274/en-us/default/Phase/Ranking/00001201030200010011|title=WOMEN ALL-AROUND QUALIFICATION RESULTS|date=2019-10-05|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> On October 8, 2019, Aline Friess competed in the [[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|Team Final]], helping France to a 5th-place team finish with her scores of 14.900 on Vault and 13.300 on Floor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/2019/Artistic-14274/en-us/default/Phase/Ranking/00001201030200040022#anchor00000FRA|title=WOMEN TEAM FINAL RESULTS AFTER ROTATION 4|date=2019-10-08|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> Aline's 14.900 was the 3rd highest score out of all vault competitors, with American gymnasts, [[Simone Biles]] and [[Jade Carey]] being the only competitors scoring higher than her.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/2019/Artistic-14274/en-us/default/Phase/Ranking/00001201030200040001|title=WOMEN TEAM FINAL - VAULT RESULTS|date=2019-10-08|accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref> On October 11th, Friess competed in the All-Around final at [[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]]. She scored 14.966 on Vault, 13.600 on Bars, 13.066 on Beam, and 13.166 on Floor for an all around total of 54.798.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/2019/Artistic-14274/en-us/default/Phase/Ranking/00001201030200020011|title=WOMEN ALL-AROUND FINAL RESULTS|date=2019-10-10|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref> This earned her 11th overall and becomes her highest all-around score of her senior and junior career. Her 14.966 on Vault was the 2nd-highest score on the event, being outscored only by American gymnast, [[Simone Biles]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/2019/Artistic-14274/en-us/default/Phase/Ranking/00001201030200020001|title=WOMEN ALL-AROUND FINAL - VAULT RESULTS|date=2019-10-10|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref>
Friess became [[Age requirements in gymnastics|age-eligible]] for senior competition in 2019. She made her senior debut at the EnBW DTB-Pokal Team Challenge in Stuttgart where France placed fourth in the team final.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hopkins|first1=Lauren|url=https://thegymter.net/2019/03/18/2019-dtb-team-challenge-results/|title=2019 DTB Team Challenge Results|work=The Gymternet|date=18 March 2019|access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref> Then at the French Championships, she finished fourth in the all-around and on the floor exercise.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopkins |first1=Lauren |title=2019 French Championships Results |url=https://thegymter.net/2019/06/09/2019-french-championships-results/ |website=The Gymternet |access-date=29 April 2022 |date=9 June 2019}}</ref> She was selected to compete at the [[Gymnastics at the 2019 European Games – Women's artistic qualification|European Games]] alongside [[Lorette Charpy]] and [[Carolann Héduit]]. She finished fourth in [[Gymnastics at the 2019 European Games – Women's artistic individual all-around|the all-around final]], just less than a tenth away from making the podium with a score of 52.699.<ref>{{cite web |title=Minsk 2019 2nd European Games Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Final Women |url=https://gymnasticsresults.com/results/2019/european-games/documents/wagaa.pdf |website=Gymnastics Results |access-date=24 April 2021 |date=29 June 2019}}</ref> She then competed at the Worms Friendly where the French team finished third behind Germany and Belgium, and she won the silver medal in the all-around behind [[Elisabeth Seitz]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopkins |first1=Lauren |title=2019 Worms Friendly Results |url=https://thegymter.net/2019/09/13/2019-worms-friendly-results/ |website=The Gymternet |access-date=25 April 2022 |date=13 September 2019}}</ref> She was named to the [[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] team alongside [[Marine Boyer]], Lorette Charpy, [[Melanie de Jesus dos Santos]], and [[Claire Pontlevoy]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mucret|first1=Leslie|url=https://www.sportmag.fr/gymnastique/la-selection-francaise-pour-les-mondiaux-de-gymnastique-2019/|title=La sélection française pour les Mondiaux de gymnastique 2019|trans-title=The French selection for the 2019 World Gymnastics Championships|website=Sport MAG|date=3 September 2019|accessdate=8 October 2018|lang=fr}}</ref> The team finished fifth in the team final and [[Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics Qualification|qualified France for a team spot at the 2020 Olympic Games]].<ref>{{cite web |title=49th FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Championships Stuttgart (GER), 4 October - 13 October 2019 Women's Team Final |url=https://usagym.org/PDFs/Results/2019/w_19worlds_team.pdf |website=[[USA Gymnastics]] |publisher=[[International Gymnastics Federation]] |access-date=25 April 2022 |date=4 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=List of the Artistic Gymnastics 2020 Olympic Qualifiers |url=https://gymnasticsresults.com/results/2019/worlds/documents/wag/olympicquals.pdf |website=Gymnastics Results |publisher=[[International Gymnastics Federation]] |access-date=20 October 2021 |date=5 October 2019}}</ref> Friess qualified for the all-around final where she finished eleventh with a score of 54.798.<ref>{{cite web |title=49th FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Championships Stuttgart (GER), 4 October - 13 October 2019 Women's All-Around Final |url=https://gymnasticsresults.com/results/2019/worlds/documents/wag/aafinal.pdf |website=Gymnastics Results |publisher=[[International Gymnastics Federation]] |access-date=7 November 2021 |date=10 October 2019}}</ref>

===2020===
In late January, it was announced that Friess would compete at the [[2020 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series#All-Around_2|Stuttgart World Cup]] taking place in March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/news/displaynews.php?idNews=2798|title=Olympic, World champions gear up for star-studded Stuttgart World Cup|work=[[International Gymnastics Federation]]|date=30 January 2020|access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref> The Stuttgart World Cup was later canceled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Germany]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/news/displaynews.php?idNews=2827|title=Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the upcoming FIG events|work=[[International Gymnastics Federation]]|date=11 March 2020|access-date=1 May 2022}}</ref> She injured her knee in October and had surgery, causing her to miss the rest of the season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blessée à un genou, Aline Friess est forfait pour les Championnats d'Europe |trans-title=With a knee injury, Aline Friess will not compete at the European Championships |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Gymnastique/Actualites/Blessee-a-un-genou-aline-friess-est-forfait-pour-les-championnats-d-europe/1184188 |website=[[L'équipe]] |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=fr |date=16 October 2020}}</ref>

===2021===
Friess returned to competition at the Ukraine International Cup and won gold medals in the all-around and on the floor exercise.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopkins |first1=Lauren |title=2021 Ukraine International Cup Results |url=https://thegymter.net/2021/05/25/2021-ukraine-international-cup-wag-results/ |website=The Gymternet |access-date=1 May 2022 |date=25 May 2021}}</ref> She proceeded to compete at the FIT Challenge and helped the French team win the gold medal. Individually, Friess won the silver medal in the all-around behind [[Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos]], and she placed fifth on the uneven bars and eighth on the balance beam.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopkins |first1=Lauren |title=2021 FIT Challenge Results |url=https://thegymter.net/2021/07/01/2021-fit-challenge-results/ |website=The Gymternet |access-date=29 April 2022 |date=1 July 2022}}</ref> On 14 June, she was selected to represent [[France at the 2020 Summer Olympics]] alongside Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos, [[Marine Boyer]], and [[Carolann Héduit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ffgym.fr/Actualite/2021_-_06_-_g_a_f_-_la_composition_de_lequipe_de_france_olympique_feminine|title=GAF - La Composition De L'équipe De France Olympique Féminine Dévoilée|trans-title=WAG - The composition of the French Women's Olympic team unveiled|work=[[French Gymnastics Federation]]|access-date=28 April 2022|lang=fr}}</ref> At the Olympics, she helped France qualify to [[Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around|the team final]] where they finished sixth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/GAR/OG2020-_GAR_C73D_GARWTEAM--------------FNL---------.pdf|title=Artistic Gymnastics - Women's Team Final Results|website=[[International Olympic Committee]]|date=27 July 2021|access-date=28 April 2022|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727125951/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/GAR/OG2020-_GAR_C73D_GARWTEAM--------------FNL---------.pdf|archive-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>

===2022===
In May, Friess competed at the [[2022 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series|Varna World Challenge Cup]] in Bulgaria, where she qualified to all four event finals. During the finals, she won three gold medals on vault, uneven bars and floor exercise, and also picked up a bronze on balance beam.<ref>{{cite web|title= Aline Friess remporte deux médailles supplémentaires en Coupe du monde en Bulgarie|trans-title= Aline Friess wins two more World Cup medals in Bulgaria|url= https://www.lequipe.fr/Gymnastique/Actualites/Aline-friess-remporte-deux-medailles-supplementaires-en-coupe-du-monde-en-bulgarie/1335834|website= [[L'équipe]] |access-date=30 May 2022 |language=fr |date=29 May 2022}}</ref>

In August Friess competed at the [[2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] in [[Munich]], where France finished sixth in the team final. Individually, she qualified to the vault final, where she won the bronze medal behind [[Zsófia Kovács (gymnast)|Zsófia Kovács]] and [[Asia D'Amato]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.europeangymnastics.com/event/2022-european-championships-artistic-gymnastics/results|title=2022 European Championships results|website=European Gymnastics|accessdate=16 August 2022}}</ref> In October Friess was named to the team to compete at the [[2022 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] in Liverpool alongside [[Marine Boyer]], [[Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos]], [[Coline Devillard]], and [[Carolann Héduit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ffgym.fr/Actualite/2022_-_10_-_g_a_mg_a_f_-_c_m_2022_-_tout_ce_quil_faut_savoir_sur_la_competition|trans-title=GAM/GAF - WC 2022 - Everything You Need To Know About The Competition|title=GAM/GAF - CM 2022 - Tout Ce Qu'il Faut Savoir Sur La Compétition|date=October 18, 2022|work=[[French Gymnastics Federation]]}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Friess speaks French and some English.<ref name="tokyoprofile"/> Outside of gymnastics, she also plays ping-pong and badminton.<ref name="pokaa"/> She is currently studying at [[Emlyon Business School]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tranche de Vie - Aline FRIESS De l'équilibre entre Gymnastique à haut niveau et études supérieures |trans-title=Slice of Life - Aline FRIESS On the balance between high-level gymnastics and higher education |url=https://em-lyon.com/news/tranche-de-vie-aline-friess-de-lequilibre-entre-gymnastique-haut-niveau-et-etudes-superieures |website=[[Emlyon Business School]] |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=fr}}</ref>


==Competitive history==
==Competitive history==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
===Junior===
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
|-
|-
! align=center|Year
! align=center|Year
Line 47: Line 77:
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics floor|FX]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics floor|FX]]
|-
|-
! colspan="8" | '''Junior'''
| rowspan="5 | '''[[2017 in artistic gymnastics|2017]]''' || align=left|2017 Sainté Gym Cup||{{goca}} ||{{sica}}||||{{brca}} ||{{goca}}||
|-
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''[[2016 in artistic gymnastics|2016]]''' ||align=left|Élite Gym Massilia|| 4 ||24||||||||
| align=left|International GymSport || || {{goca}}|| || || {{brca}}|| {{brca}}
|-
|-
| rowspan="5 | '''[[2017 in artistic gymnastics|2017]]''' || align=left|Sainté Gym Cup||{{gold1}} ||{{silver2}}||||||||
| align=left|French Championships || || {{sica}}|| ||8 || || 7
|-
|-
| align=left|FIT Challenge || {{sica}} || 11 || || || ||
| align=left|International GymSport || || {{gold1}}|| || || {{bronze3}}|| {{bronze3}}
|-
|-
| align=left|European Youth Olympic Festival || 6 || || || || ||
| align=left|French Championships || || {{silver2}}|| ||8 || || 7
|-
|-
| align=left|FIT Challenge || {{silver2}} || 11 || || || ||
|}
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"

|-
|-
| align=left|[[Gymnastics at the 2017 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival|European Youth Olympic Festival]] || 6 || || || || ||
! align=center|Year
! align=center|Event
! style="width:30px;"|Team
! style="width:30px;"|AA
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics vault|VT]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics uneven bars|UB]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics balance beam|BB]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics floor|FX]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''[[2018 in artistic gymnastics|2018]]''' || align=left|French Championships || || 18||||11 || 8 ||
| rowspan="3" | '''[[2018 in artistic gymnastics|2018]]''' || align=left|Pieve di Soligo Friendly|| {{silver2}} || 16 || || || ||
|-
| align=left|Pieve di Soligo Friendly|| || 16 || || || ||
|-
|-
|-bgcolor=#F5F6CE
| align=left|[[2018 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] || 5 || || || || ||
| align=left|[[2018 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] || 5 || || || || ||
|-
|-
| align=left|Elite Gym Massillia|| || 12 || || {{brca}}|| 8 ||
| align=left|Élite Gym Massilia|| {{gold1}} || 12 || 4|| || {{bronze3}}||
|}

===Senior===
{| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
|-
|-
! colspan="8" | '''Senior'''
! align=center|Year
|-
! align=center|Event
| rowspan="5" |'''[[2019 in artistic gymnastics|2019]]''' || align=left|DTB Team Challenge || 4 || 9 || || || ||
! style="width:30px;"|Team
! style="width:30px;"|AA
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics vault|VT]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics uneven bars|UB]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics balance beam|BB]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics floor|FX]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''[[2019 in artistic gymnastics|2019]]''' || align=left|DTB Team Challenge || 4 || 9 || || || ||
| align=left | French Championships || || 4 || || || || 4
|-
|-
| align=left | French Championships || || 4 || || || {{brca}} ||
|-bgcolor=#f0fccf
|-bgcolor=#f0fccf
| align=left | [[Gymnastics at the 2019 European Games – Women's artistic individual all-around|European Games]] || || 4 || || || ||
| align=left | [[Gymnastics at the 2019 European Games|European Games]] || || 4 || || || ||
|-
| align=left |Worms Friendly|| {{bronze3}} || {{silver2}} || || || ||
|-
|-bgcolor=#CCCCFF
|-bgcolor=#CCCCFF
| align=left|[[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] || 5 || 11 || || || ||
| align=left|[[2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] || 5 || 11 || || || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''[[2021 in artistic gymnastics|2021]]''' || align=left | Ukraine International Cup || || {{gold1}} || || 5 || || {{gold1}}
|-
| align=left | FIT Challenge || {{gold1}} || {{silver2}} || || 5 || 8 ||
|- bgcolor=98FB98
| align=left | '''[[Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]''' || '''6''' || || || || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''[[2022 in artistic gymnastics|2022]]''' || align=left | [[2022 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series|Varna Challenge Cup]] || || || {{gold1}} || {{gold1}} || {{bronze3}}||{{gold1}}
|- bgcolor=#F5F6CE
| align=left | [[2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] || 6 || 14 || {{bronze3}} || || ||
|-
| align=left | [[2022 FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series#Women|Paris Challenge Cup]] || || || || 6 || ||
|- bgcolor=#CCCCFF
| align=left | [[2022 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] || 8 || 21|| {{abbreviation|R2|Friess was the second reserve for the final}} || || ||
|}
|}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
<!--
https://thegymter.net/aline-friess/
-->


==External links==
[[Category:French artistic gymnasts]]
* {{Sports links}}
* {{The-Sports}}
* {{Instagram}}
* {{Linkedin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Friess, Aline}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:People from Obernai]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Bas-Rhin]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Emlyon Business School alumni]]
[[Category:French female artistic gymnasts]]
[[Category:French female artistic gymnasts]]
[[Category:Gymnasts at the 2019 European Games]]
[[Category:European Games competitors for France]]
[[Category:Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gymnasts for France]]
[[Category:21st-century French sportswomen]]

Latest revision as of 03:28, 9 September 2024

Aline Friess
Personal information
Full nameAline Friess
Nickname(s)Frissou
Born (2003-07-05) July 5, 2003 (age 21)
Obernai, France
HometownObernai
ResidenceINSEP, Paris
Height1.67 m (5 ft 6 in)[1]
Gymnastics career
DisciplineWomen's artistic gymnastics
Country represented France
Years on national team2016–present (FRA)
LevelSenior international elite
ClubMeaux Gymnastique (2024–present)
Sports Reunis Obernai (2009–2024)
GymINSEP
Head coach(es)Martine Georges, Alisée Dal Santos, Jérome Martin, Tara Duncanson
Former coach(es)Eric Hagard, Monique Hagard, Nellu Pop
ChoreographerGrégory Milan
Medal record
Women's artistic gymnastics
Representing  France
European Championships
Bronze medal – third place 2022 Munich Vault
Event 1st 2nd 3rd
World Challenge Cup 3 0 1

Aline Friess (born 5 July 2003)[1] is a French artistic gymnast. She competed with the French teams at the 2019 World Championships, the 2020 Summer Olympics, the 2022 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and the 2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships where she won bronze on vault.

Early life

[edit]

Friess was born on 5 July 2003 in Obernai. She began gymnastics in 2009 after she accompanied a friend to a training session.[1] In 2016, she moved from her club in Obernai to a national training centre in Saint-Étienne (Pole France de Saint-Etienne) and joined the French national team.[2] In 2023, she moved to INSEP in Paris because she needed some changes after a complicated year.

Junior career

[edit]

Friess made her international debut at the 2016 Élite Gym Massilia where she finished fourth with her team and twenty-fourth in the all-around.[3][4]

2017

[edit]

At the Sainté Gym Cup, Friess helped the French team win the gold medal, and she won the silver medal in the all-around.[5] She then won the gold medal in the all-around at the International GymSport in Sangalhos, Portugal, and she won the bronze medal on the balance beam and the floor exercise.[6] Then at the French Championships, she won the silver medal in the all-around behind Célia Serber. She also placed eighth on the uneven bars and seventh on the floor exercise.[7] She helped the French team win the silver medal behind Italy at the FIT Challenge and placed eleventh in the all-around.[8] She competed at the European Youth Olympic Festival but on vault, she was injured and had two fractures in her foot. She missed the rest of the season and did not return to training until March 2018.[9]

2018

[edit]

Friess returned to competition in May at the French Championships where she competed on the vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise but did not qualify for any finals.[10] In July, she competed at the Pieve di Soligo Friendly in Italy and finished sixteenth in the all-around and helped the French team placed second behind Italy.[11] She was chosen as the alternate for the European Championships.[12] However, when Julia Forestier had to withdraw due to an injury, Friess was put on the team.[13] She competed on the uneven bars with a score of 12.900 and balance beam with a score of 10.933, helping the team finish fifth.[14] In November, she competed at Élite Gym Massilia where she won the team gold medal and finished twelfth in the all-around, fourth on vault, and she won a bronze medal on balance beam.[15]

Senior career

[edit]

2019

[edit]

Friess became age-eligible for senior competition in 2019. She made her senior debut at the EnBW DTB-Pokal Team Challenge in Stuttgart where France placed fourth in the team final.[16] Then at the French Championships, she finished fourth in the all-around and on the floor exercise.[17] She was selected to compete at the European Games alongside Lorette Charpy and Carolann Héduit. She finished fourth in the all-around final, just less than a tenth away from making the podium with a score of 52.699.[18] She then competed at the Worms Friendly where the French team finished third behind Germany and Belgium, and she won the silver medal in the all-around behind Elisabeth Seitz.[19] She was named to the World Championships team alongside Marine Boyer, Lorette Charpy, Melanie de Jesus dos Santos, and Claire Pontlevoy.[20] The team finished fifth in the team final and qualified France for a team spot at the 2020 Olympic Games.[21][22] Friess qualified for the all-around final where she finished eleventh with a score of 54.798.[23]

2020

[edit]

In late January, it was announced that Friess would compete at the Stuttgart World Cup taking place in March.[24] The Stuttgart World Cup was later canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.[25] She injured her knee in October and had surgery, causing her to miss the rest of the season.[26]

2021

[edit]

Friess returned to competition at the Ukraine International Cup and won gold medals in the all-around and on the floor exercise.[27] She proceeded to compete at the FIT Challenge and helped the French team win the gold medal. Individually, Friess won the silver medal in the all-around behind Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos, and she placed fifth on the uneven bars and eighth on the balance beam.[28] On 14 June, she was selected to represent France at the 2020 Summer Olympics alongside Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos, Marine Boyer, and Carolann Héduit.[29] At the Olympics, she helped France qualify to the team final where they finished sixth.[30]

2022

[edit]

In May, Friess competed at the Varna World Challenge Cup in Bulgaria, where she qualified to all four event finals. During the finals, she won three gold medals on vault, uneven bars and floor exercise, and also picked up a bronze on balance beam.[31]

In August Friess competed at the European Championships in Munich, where France finished sixth in the team final. Individually, she qualified to the vault final, where she won the bronze medal behind Zsófia Kovács and Asia D'Amato.[32] In October Friess was named to the team to compete at the World Championships in Liverpool alongside Marine Boyer, Mélanie de Jesus dos Santos, Coline Devillard, and Carolann Héduit.[33]

Personal life

[edit]

Friess speaks French and some English.[1] Outside of gymnastics, she also plays ping-pong and badminton.[2] She is currently studying at Emlyon Business School.[34]

Competitive history

[edit]
Year Event Team AA VT UB BB FX
Junior
2016 Élite Gym Massilia 4 24
2017 Sainté Gym Cup 1st place, gold medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s)
International GymSport 1st place, gold medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
French Championships 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 8 7
FIT Challenge 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 11
European Youth Olympic Festival 6
2018 Pieve di Soligo Friendly 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 16
European Championships 5
Élite Gym Massilia 1st place, gold medalist(s) 12 4 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Senior
2019 DTB Team Challenge 4 9
French Championships 4 4
European Games 4
Worms Friendly 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s)
World Championships 5 11
2021 Ukraine International Cup 1st place, gold medalist(s) 5 1st place, gold medalist(s)
FIT Challenge 1st place, gold medalist(s) 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 5 8
Olympic Games 6
2022 Varna Challenge Cup 1st place, gold medalist(s) 1st place, gold medalist(s) 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 1st place, gold medalist(s)
European Championships 6 14 3rd place, bronze medalist(s)
Paris Challenge Cup 6
World Championships 8 21 R2

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Aline Friess". Tokyo 2020. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  2. ^ a b Kaspar, Nicolas (24 August 2021). "De l'Alsace à Tokyo : Aline Friess, 5ème au championnat du monde de gymnastique" [From Alsace to Tokyo: Aline Friess, 5th at the world gymnastics championship]. Pokaa (in French). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  3. ^ "Palmares Open-Massilia 2016 par Èquipe" (PDF). Gymnastics Results (in French). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  4. ^ "Palmares Open-Massilia 2016 individuel" (PDF). Gymnastics Results (in French). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  5. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (26 March 2017). "2017 Sainté Gym Cup Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  6. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (23 May 2017). "2017 International GymSport Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  7. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (28 May 2017). "2017 French Championships Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  8. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (13 June 2017). "2017 FIT Challenge Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  9. ^ "Après 9 mois d'absence, Aline Friess est de retour : Interview" [After 9 months of absence, Aline Friess is back: Interview]. Actus Gymnastique (in French). 27 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  10. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (20 May 2018). "2018 French Championships Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  11. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (17 July 2019). "2018 Pieve di Soligo Friendly Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  12. ^ "Ch. d'Europe de Gymnastique Artistique : la composition de l'équipe de France" [European Championship of Artistic Gymnastics: the composition of the French team]. French Gymnastics Federation (in French). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  13. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (3 July 2018). "The European Championships Junior Women's Master Team List". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  14. ^ "Artistic Gymnastics Women's Junior QC for AF, TF, & AA Results" (PDF). Gymnastics Results. European Union of Gymnastics. 3 August 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  15. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (2 December 2018). "2018 Elite Gym Massilia Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  16. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (18 March 2019). "2019 DTB Team Challenge Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  17. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (9 June 2019). "2019 French Championships Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  18. ^ "Minsk 2019 2nd European Games Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Final Women" (PDF). Gymnastics Results. 29 June 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  19. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (13 September 2019). "2019 Worms Friendly Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  20. ^ Mucret, Leslie (3 September 2019). "La sélection française pour les Mondiaux de gymnastique 2019" [The French selection for the 2019 World Gymnastics Championships]. Sport MAG (in French). Retrieved 8 October 2018.
  21. ^ "49th FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Championships Stuttgart (GER), 4 October - 13 October 2019 Women's Team Final" (PDF). USA Gymnastics. International Gymnastics Federation. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  22. ^ "List of the Artistic Gymnastics 2020 Olympic Qualifiers" (PDF). Gymnastics Results. International Gymnastics Federation. 5 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  23. ^ "49th FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Championships Stuttgart (GER), 4 October - 13 October 2019 Women's All-Around Final" (PDF). Gymnastics Results. International Gymnastics Federation. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  24. ^ "Olympic, World champions gear up for star-studded Stuttgart World Cup". International Gymnastics Federation. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  25. ^ "Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the upcoming FIG events". International Gymnastics Federation. 11 March 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Blessée à un genou, Aline Friess est forfait pour les Championnats d'Europe" [With a knee injury, Aline Friess will not compete at the European Championships]. L'équipe (in French). 16 October 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  27. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (25 May 2021). "2021 Ukraine International Cup Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  28. ^ Hopkins, Lauren (1 July 2022). "2021 FIT Challenge Results". The Gymternet. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  29. ^ "GAF - La Composition De L'équipe De France Olympique Féminine Dévoilée" [WAG - The composition of the French Women's Olympic team unveiled]. French Gymnastics Federation (in French). Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  30. ^ "Artistic Gymnastics - Women's Team Final Results" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 27 July 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  31. ^ "Aline Friess remporte deux médailles supplémentaires en Coupe du monde en Bulgarie" [Aline Friess wins two more World Cup medals in Bulgaria]. L'équipe (in French). 29 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  32. ^ "2022 European Championships results". European Gymnastics. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  33. ^ "GAM/GAF - CM 2022 - Tout Ce Qu'il Faut Savoir Sur La Compétition" [GAM/GAF - WC 2022 - Everything You Need To Know About The Competition]. French Gymnastics Federation. October 18, 2022.
  34. ^ "Tranche de Vie - Aline FRIESS De l'équilibre entre Gymnastique à haut niveau et études supérieures" [Slice of Life - Aline FRIESS On the balance between high-level gymnastics and higher education]. Emlyon Business School (in French). Retrieved 1 May 2022.
[edit]