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{{Short description|American media holding company founded by Norman Lear}}
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'''Act III Communications''' is a diversified media and entertainment company owned by TV producer [[Norman Lear]]. It was started in 1985 following Lear's sale of [[ELP Communications|Embassy Communications]] to [[The Coca-Cola Company]]. In a Wall St. Journal interview in 1988, Lear explained the name by noting that in a Shakespeare play there are always more than three acts and that he expects there to be an Act IV and V.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTuIZPmEm9kC&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=norman%20lear%20act%20iii%201986&source=bl&ots=NvA5T3a2Wh&sig=1vAXUoT8xnInKuRLM-4SCklEUJc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bi1VVP2IA9HgoATZxIFo&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=norman%20lear%20act%20iii%201986&f=false|title=Spy|first=Sussex Publishers|last=LLC|date=1 June 1989|publisher=Sussex Publishers, LLC|accessdate=10 April 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>''Wall St. Journal'' April 8, 1988</ref> Act III is Lear's business vehicle and is unconnected to his other activities as a political activist and philanthropist.
{{Infobox company
⚫
|name = Act III Communications
|type = [[Privately held company|Privately held]]
|industry = [[Mass media]]
|foundation = {{start date and age|1985}}
⚫
|founder = [[Norman Lear]]
|location = [[Beverly Hills, California]]<br>[[United States]]
|products = [[Act III Communications#Film productions|Film]]<br>[[Act III Communications#Television productions|Television]]<br>[[Act III Communications#Theater productions|Theater]]
|key_people = [[Norman Lear]] (Chairman)<br>[[Harold Gaba|Hal Gaba]] (CEO)
}}
⚫
'''Act III Communications''' is an American media and entertainment company owned by the estate of producer and screenwriter [[Norman Lear]]. It was started in 1985 following Lear's sale of [[Embassy Communications]] to [[The Coca-Cola Company]]. In a [[Wall Street Journal]] interview in 1988, Lear explained the name by noting that in a [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] play, there are always more than three acts and that he expects there to be an Act IV and V.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NTuIZPmEm9kC&q=norman+lear+act+iii+1986&pg=PA83|title=Spy|first=Sussex Publishers|last=LLC|date=1 June 1989|publisher=Sussex Publishers, LLC|accessdate=10 April 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>''Wall St. Journal'' April 8, 1988</ref> Act III served as Lear's business vehicle, unconnected to his other activities as a political activist and philanthropist.


==Act III notable investments and ventures==
==Act III notable investments and ventures==
Among the many activities of Act III Communications are a minority interest in [[Village Roadshow Pictures]] (VRP); an ownership interest in [[Concord Music Group]] (later merged with VRP to create Village Roadshow Entertainment Group); [[Act III Broadcasting]]; [[Act III Theatres]]; [[Act III Publishing]]; and [[Columbia Pictures Television|Act III Television]], a joint venture formed with [[Columbia Pictures Television]] in February 1989;<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-02-02/business/fi-2616_1_norman-lear "Norman Lear, Columbia Form Joint TV Venture" ''Los Angeles Times'' February 2, 1989]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/02/business/lear-joins-with-columbia-to-produce-tv-not-manage.html "Lear Joins With Columbia To Produce TV, Not Manage" ''New York Times''February 2, 1989]</ref> and Act III Merchandising which handles the merchandising for "[[The Princess Bride (film)|The Princess Bride]]" among other properties. [[Act III Broadcasting]] was divested for approximately $500 million in 1994/95 to ABRY Partners; [[Act III theatres|Act III Theatres]] was divested to KKR in 1997 for just under $700 million while Concord Music Group was divested in 2013 to Wood Creek Capital for $115 million. Act III/Lear continue to own the two Rob Reiner directed films it produced, ''[[Stand by Me (film)|Stand By Me]]'' and ''The Princess Bride''. Act III/Lear continues to hold an interest in [[Village Roadshow Pictures]]/Village Roadshow Entertainment.
Among the many activities of Act III Communications is a minority interest in [[Village Roadshow Pictures]] (VRP); ownership interest in [[Concord Music Group]] (later merged with VRP to create Village Roadshow Entertainment Group); [[Act III Broadcasting]]; [[Act III Theatres]]; [[Act III Publishing]]; and [[Columbia Pictures Television|Act III Television]], a joint venture formed with [[Columbia Pictures Television]] in February 1989;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Norman Lear, Columbia Form Joint TV Venture|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-02-fi-2616-story.html|date=February 2, 1989|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=William K.|last=Knoedelseder Jr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123021020/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-02-fi-2616-story.html|archive-date=January 23, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lear Joins With Columbia To Produce TV, Not Manage|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/02/business/lear-joins-with-columbia-to-produce-tv-not-manage.html|date=February 2, 1989|website=[[The New York Times]]|first=Richard W.|last=Stevenson|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308122206/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/02/business/lear-joins-with-columbia-to-produce-tv-not-manage.html|archive-date=March 8, 2021|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> and Act III Merchandising which handles the merchandising for ''[[The Princess Bride (film)|The Princess Bride]]'' among other properties. Act III Broadcasting was divested for approximately $500 million in 1994/95 to ABRY Partners; Act III Theatres was divested to KKR in 1997 for just under $700 million, while Concord Music Group was divested in 2013 to Wood Creek Capital for $115 million. Act III/Lear continues to own the two Rob Reiner-directed films it produced, ''[[Stand by Me (film)|Stand By Me]]'' and ''The Princess Bride''. Act III/Lear continues to hold an interest in Village Roadshow Pictures/Village Roadshow Entertainment Group.


==Village Roadshow Pictures==
==Village Roadshow Pictures==
Through a group led by Act III Communications, in January 2006, [[Norman Lear]] and his partner Hal Gaba purchased 50% of [[Village Roadshow Pictures]] (VRP), the Los Angeles-based, U.S. film production arm of Village Roadshow Limited, one of Australia’s leading entertainment and media companies. Their entity, Crescent Film Group included longtime associate Michael Lambert through [[Lambert Media Group]] and [[Clarity Partners]] as investors.<ref>[http://www.lambertmediagroup.com/LambertMediaGroup_Overview.pdf Lambert Media Group Overview PDF] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220164355/http://www.lambertmediagroup.com/LambertMediaGroup_Overview.pdf |date=February 20, 2015 }}</ref> Crescent invested $115 million for the interest in VRP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2005/film/news/lear-s-crescent-rounds-out-1117931384/|title=Lear’s Crescent rounds out|first=Nicole|last=LaPorte|date=23 October 2005|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref> The Australian parent, Village Roadshow Limited (VRL) also operates movie theaters; film production and distribution in Australia; TVand Video distribution; radio stations; and theme parks including "Warner Movie World." VRP co-produces and/or co-finances 6-8 movies per year. Historically a long-term partner with Warner Brothers, VRP moved its distribution to Sony Pictures in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/village-roadshow-co-fi-deal-with-sony-1201170634/|title=Village Roadshow Inks Co-Finance Deal with Sony Pictures (EXCLUSIVE)|first=Alexandra|last=Cheney|date=5 May 2014|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref> VRP's library includes films such as ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'', ''[[Winter's Tale (film)|Winter's Tale]]'', ''[[The Lego Movie]]'', the ''Matrix'' trilogy, ''[[Miss Congeniality (film)|Miss Congeniality]]'', ''[[Training Day]]'', ''[[Ocean’s Eleven]]'' and its sequels, ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]'', and others. This interest has been diluted with subsequent expansion and re-capitalizations of VRP but remains a significant interest for Act III. Village Roadshow Pictures used the $115 million invested by Crescent to repay an inter-company loan of $100 million owed to its parent company, as well as pay a $15 million dividend to the existing VRP shareholders and management.<ref>[https://variety.com/2005/film/news/lear-jetting-to-roadshow-deal-1117926618/ ''Variety'' July 27, 2005]</ref>
Through a group led by Act III Communications, in January 2006, [[Norman Lear]] and his partner [[Hal Gaba]] purchased 50% of [[Village Roadshow Pictures]] (VRP), the Los Angeles-based, U.S. film production arm of Village Roadshow Limited, one of Australia's leading entertainment and media companies. Their entity, Crescent Film Group, included long-time colleague Michael Lambert through Lambert Media Group and [[Clarity Partners]] as investors.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McClintock |first1=Pamela |last2=McNary |first2=Dave |date=2005-07-27 |title=Lear jetting to Roadshow deal |url=https://variety.com/2005/film/markets-festivals/lear-jetting-to-roadshow-deal-1117926618 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Crescent invested $115 million for its interest in VRP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LaPorte |first=Nicole |date=2005-10-23 |title=Lear’s Crescent rounds out |url=https://variety.com/2005/film/news/lear-s-crescent-rounds-out-1117931384 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> The Australian parent, Village Roadshow Limited (VRL) also operates movie theaters; film production and distribution in Australia; TV and Video distribution; radio stations; and theme parks including "Warner Movie World." VRP co-produces and/or co-finances 6-8 movies per year. Historically a long-term partner with Warner Brothers, VRP moved its distribution to Sony Pictures in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/village-roadshow-co-fi-deal-with-sony-1201170634/|title=Village Roadshow Inks Co-Finance Deal with Sony Pictures (EXCLUSIVE)|first=Alexandra|last=Cheney|date=5 May 2014|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref> VRP's library includes films such as ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'', ''[[Winter's Tale (film)|Winter's Tale]]'', ''[[The Lego Movie]]'', the ''Matrix'' trilogy, ''[[Miss Congeniality (film)|Miss Congeniality]]'', ''[[Training Day]]'', ''[[Ocean's Eleven]]'' and its sequels, ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]]'', and others. This interest has been diluted with subsequent expansion and re-capitalizations of VRP but remains a significant interest for Act III. Village Roadshow Pictures used the $115 million invested by Crescent to repay an inter-company loan of $100 million owed to its parent company, as well as pay a $15 million dividend to the existing VRP shareholders and management.


==Concord Music Group==
==Concord Music Group==
[[Norman Lear]] is also chairman emeritus of the [[Concord Music Group]] (aka [[Concord Records]]) one of the world’s largest independent record and music publishing companies, which was acquired by Lear and his associate Hal Gaba in 1999 and divested to Wood Creek Capital in 2013. Concord is one of the leading producers and distributors of classic and contemporary Jazz musicians and also owns the legendary [[Stax Records|Stax]] label which it acquired in 2004 as part of the Fantasy Records acquisition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2006/music/news/concord-resurrects-stax-1117956027/|title=Concord resurrects Stax|first=Phil|last=Gallo|date=19 December 2006|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>
[[Norman Lear]] was also chairman emeritus of the [[Concord Music Group]] (aka [[Concord Records]]), one of the world's largest independent record and music publishing companies, which was acquired by Lear and his associate [[Hal Gaba]] in 1999 and divested to Wood Creek Capital in 2013. Concord is one of the leading producers and distributors of classic and contemporary Jazz musicians and also owns the legendary [[Stax Records|Stax]] label, which it acquired in 2004 as part of the Fantasy Records acquisition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2006/music/news/concord-resurrects-stax-1117956027/|title=Concord resurrects Stax|first=Phil|last=Gallo|date=19 December 2006|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>


Concord was acquired as a labor of love at the urging of Lear's long time associate and then-CEO of Act III Communications Hal Gaba. Gaba was CEO of Act III from late 1990, when he succeeded [[Tom McGrath (media executive)|Tom McGrath]], until his untimely passing in 2009. Gaba had long dreamed of owning a record company and in 1999 he developed the Concorde opportunity.
Concord was acquired as a labor of love at the urging of Lear's long-time associate and then-CEO of Act III Communications, Hal Gaba. Gaba was CEO of Act III from late 1990, when he succeeded [[Tom McGrath (media executive)|Tom McGrath]], until his death in 2009. Gaba had long dreamed of owning a record company, and in 1999, he developed the Concorde opportunity.


The Concord Music Group had/has an extensive roster of household name artists that includes one of Gaba’s favorite singers, who was also a personal friend - [[Frank Sinatra]] (Gaba produced a live tribute show regarding Frank Sinatra that included marrying archival film footage with live performances called ''Sinatra, His Voice, His World'' that played [[Radio City Music Hall]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/reviews/10-2003/sinatra-his-voice-his-world-his-way_3993.html|title=Sinatra: His Voice. His World. His Way.|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>). Other artists on Concord's labels include [[Ray Charles]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Thelonious Monk]], [[Chick Corea]], [[John Coltrane]], [[Miles Davis]], [[Sergio Mendes]] and [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]]. Concord Records started a relationship with [[Starbucks]] in 2003 that reached a high point with the release of ''[[Genius Loves Company]]'', [[Ray Charles]]’ last recording. The album went on to win 8 Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.today.com/id/6964733#.UU5dqBy3SSo|title=Ray Charles big winner at Grammy Awards|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>
The Concord Music Group had/has an extensive roster of household name artists that includes one of Gaba's favorite singers, who was also a personal friend - [[Frank Sinatra]] (Gaba produced a live tribute show regarding Frank Sinatra that included marrying archival film footage with live performances called ''Sinatra, His Voice, His World'' that played [[Radio City Music Hall]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/reviews/10-2003/sinatra-his-voice-his-world-his-way_3993.html|title=Sinatra: His Voice. His World. His Way.|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>). Other artists on Concord's labels include [[Ray Charles]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Thelonious Monk]], [[Chick Corea]], [[John Coltrane]], [[Miles Davis]], [[Sergio Mendes]], and [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]]. Concord Records started a relationship with [[Starbucks]] in 2003 that reached a high point with the release of ''[[Genius Loves Company]]'', [[Ray Charles]]' last recording. The album went on to win 8 Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.today.com/id/6964733#.UU5dqBy3SSo|title=Ray Charles big winner at Grammy Awards|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>


In early 2007, Concord and [[Starbucks]] launched a joint venture record label - [[Hear Music]]. With guaranteed distribution at thousands of Starbucks store, the label attracted [[Paul McCartney]] who left [[EMI]] for the new label. [[James Taylor]], [[John Mellencamp]] and [[Joni Mitchell]] all recorded for [[Hear Music]] before the partnership was terminated by [[Starbucks]] which was reacting to the general decline in physical sales of recorded music that made the label unprofitable.<ref>[http://news.starbucks.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=48 "Starbucks Refines Its Entertainment Strategy" News.starbucks.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116172638/http://news.starbucks.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=48 |date=2013-01-16 }}</ref>
In early 2007, Concord and [[Starbucks]] launched a joint venture record label – [[Hear Music]]. With guaranteed distribution at thousands of Starbucks stores, the label attracted [[Paul McCartney]], who left [[EMI]] for the new label. [[James Taylor]], [[John Mellencamp]], and [[Joni Mitchell]] all recorded for [[Hear Music]] before the partnership was terminated by [[Starbucks]], which was reacting to the general decline in physical sales of recorded music that made the label unprofitable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.starbucks.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=48|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116172638/http://news.starbucks.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=48|url-status=dead|title="Starbucks Refines Its Entertainment Strategy" News.starbucks.com|archivedate=January 16, 2013}}</ref>


==Village Roadshow Entertainment Group==
==Village Roadshow Entertainment Group==
In 2008, [[Concord Music Group]] merged into [[Village Roadshow Pictures]] to form [[Village Roadshow Entertainment Group]] (VREG).<ref>[http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/news/concord-music-group-village-roadshow-pictures-and-act-iii-communications/ Concord Music Group News March 11, 2009] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101222123/http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/news/concord-music-group-village-roadshow-pictures-and-act-iii-communications/ |date=November 1, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20130127000731/http://www.jazzreview.com/index.php/blues/item/14347 "Village Roadshow Pictures and Concord Music Group Join Forces" ''JazzReview.com'' 29 January 2008]</ref> Investors in VREG included the shareholders of Crescent as shown above, as well as Australia's Village Roadshow Limited and Tailwind Capital<ref>[http://www.claritypartners.net/news/VREGpr.pdf Clarity Partners Release PDF]</ref>[[Concord Music Group]] was sold to Wood Creek Capital, an affiliate of Mass Mutual Insurance in 2013 for approximately $115 million.<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/indies/1554424/concord-music-group-to-be-sold-to-wood-creek-capital-management "Concord Music Group to be Sold to Wood Creek Capital Management"], ''Billboard.com'', 25 March 2013</ref>
In 2008, [[Concord Music Group]] merged into [[Village Roadshow Pictures]] to form Village Roadshow Entertainment Group (VREG).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://concord.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101222123/http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/news/concord-music-group-village-roadshow-pictures-and-act-iii-communications/|url-status=dead|title=Concord &#124; Independent Music|archivedate=November 1, 2014|website=Concord}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jazzreview.com/index.php/blues/item/14347|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130127000731/http://www.jazzreview.com/index.php/blues/item/14347|url-status=dead|title=VILLAGE ROADSHOW PICTURES GROUP and CONCORD MUSIC GROUP JOIN FORCES - jazzreview.com - Where People Talk About Jazz Since 1997|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref> Investors in VREG included the shareholders of Crescent, as shown above, as well as Australia's Village Roadshow Limited and Tailwind Capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.claritypartners.net/news/VREGpr.pdf|title=Clarity Partners Release PDF|access-date=2014-11-03|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204518/http://www.claritypartners.net/news/VREGpr.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Concord Music Group was sold to Wood Creek Capital, an affiliate of [[MassMutual]], in 2013 for approximately $120 million.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Abrams |first1=Rachel |last2=Barker |first2=Andrew |date=2013-03-25 |title=Concord Music Group Sold to Wood Creek Capital (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2013/music/news/concord-music-group-sold-to-wood-creek-capital-exclusive-1200328279 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/indies/1554424/concord-music-group-to-be-sold-to-wood-creek-capital-management|title=Concord Music Group to be Sold to Wood Creek Capital Management|website=Billboard.com|date=25 March 2013}}</ref>


==Film productions==
==Film productions==
* ''[[Stand by Me (film)|Stand by Me]]'' (1986) - distributed by [[Columbia Pictures]]<ref>[http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=standbyme.htm Box Office Mojo ''Stand By Me'']</ref><ref>[http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Stand-by-Me#tab=summary The Numbers - ''Stand By Me'']</ref>
* ''[[Stand by Me (film)|Stand by Me]]'' (1986) - distributed by [[Columbia Pictures]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1534297601/weekend/|title=Stand by Me|website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Stand-by-Me|title=Stand by Me (1986) - Financial Information|website=The Numbers}}</ref>
* ''[[The Princess Bride (film)|The Princess Bride]]'' (1987) - production company<ref>[http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=princessbride.htm Box Office Mojo ''The Princess Bride'']</ref><ref>[http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Princess-Bride-The#tab=summary The Numbers - ''The Princess Bride'']</ref>
* ''[[The Princess Bride (film)|The Princess Bride]]'' (1987) - distributed by [[20th Century Fox]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl4234905089/weekend/|title=The Princess Bride|website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Princess-Bride-The|title=The Princess Bride (1987) - Financial Information|website=The Numbers}}</ref>
* ''[[Breaking In (1989 film)|Breaking In]]'' (1989) (as Act III Productions)<ref>[http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=breakingin.htm Box Office Mojo ''Breaking In'']</ref>
* ''[[Breaking In (1989 film)|Breaking In]]'' (1989) - distributed by [[The Samuel Goldwyn Company]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl977896961/weekend/|title=Breaking In|website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref>
* ''[[Pyrates]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Pyrates]]'' (1991) - distributed by Act III Communications
* ''[[Fried Green Tomatoes]]'' (1991)<ref>[http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=friedgreentomatoes.htm Box Office Mojo ''Fried Green Tomatoes'']</ref>
* ''[[Fried Green Tomatoes]]'' (1991) - distributed by [[Universal Pictures]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1045792257/weekend/|title=Fried Green Tomatoes|website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref>


==Theater productions==
==Theater productions==
*''[[Arsenic and Old Lace (play)|Arsenic and Old Lace]]'' (play, comedy, revival) - produced by Act III Productions (Norman Lear, founder) Jun 26, 1986 - Jan 03, 1987, starring Jean Stapleton and Tony Roberts; opened on Broadway following a national tour<ref>Frank Rich, [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/27/theater/the-stage-arsenic-and-old-lace-revival.html "Arsenic and Old Lace Revival" ''New York Times'' June 27, 1986]</ref><ref>[http://www.broadwayworld.com/grossesshow.cfm?show=ARSENIC-AND-OLD-LACE&year=1987&allall=on Broadway World ''Arsenic and Old Lace'']</ref>
* ''[[Arsenic and Old Lace (play)|Arsenic and Old Lace]]'' (play, comedy, revival) - produced by Act III Productions (June 26, 1986 - January 03, 1987), starring Jean Stapleton and Tony Roberts; opened on Broadway following a national tour<ref>Frank Rich, [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/27/theater/the-stage-arsenic-and-old-lace-revival.html "Arsenic and Old Lace Revival" ''New York Times'' June 27, 1986]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/grosses.cfm|title=Broadway Grosses, Broadway Box Office - 4/24/2022|website=www.broadwayworld.com}}</ref>


==Television productions==
==Television productions==
* ''Amazing Grace'' - (1990) PBS (funding only)
* ''[[Sunday Dinner (TV series)|Sunday Dinner]]'' - 1991 CBS (6 episodes)<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0101212/episodes?season=1&ref_=tt_eps_sn_1 IMDB ''Sunday Dinner'']</ref>
* ''[[The Powers That Be (TV series)|The Powers That Be]]'' - 1992-1993 NBC (21 episodes), [[Norman Lear]], Executive Producer<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103515/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm IMDB ''The Powers That Be'']</ref>
* ''[[Sunday Dinner (TV series)|Sunday Dinner]]'' - (1991) CBS (6 episodes)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0101212/episodes?season=1|title=Sunday Dinner (TV Series 1991) - IMDb|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>
* ''[[704 Hauser]]'' CBS 1994 (6 episodes)<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108682/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 IMDB ''704 Hauser'']</ref>
* ''[[The Powers That Be (TV series)|The Powers That Be]]'' - (1992-1993) NBC (21 episodes)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103515/fullcredits|title=The Powers That Be (TV Series 1992–1993) - IMDb|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Channel Umptee-3]]'' (animated) - 1997-1998 WB (13 episodes)<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0179715/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 IMDB ''Channel Umptee-3'']</ref>
* ''[[704 Hauser]]'' - (1994) CBS (6 episodes)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108682/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1|title=704 Hauser|date=April 11, 1994|via=IMDb}}</ref>
* ''[[Tait Stages]]'' (TV Series) - AXS TV 2013 (13 episodes)<ref>{{Citation|title= IMDB Tait Stages (TV Series 2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3174686/|accessdate=2017-07-20}}</ref>
* ''[[Channel Umptee-3]]'' (animated) - (1997-1998) WB (13 episodes)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0179715/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1|title=Channel Umptee-3|date=October 25, 1997|via=IMDb}}</ref>
* ''[[America Divided]]'' (TV miniseries) - EPIX 2016 (5 episodes)<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5355972/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_2 IMDB ''America Divided'']</ref>
* ''Tait Stages'' - (2013) AXS TV (13 episodes)<ref>{{Citation|title= IMDb Tait Stages (TV Series 2013)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3174686/|accessdate=2017-07-20}}</ref>
* ''[[One Day at a Time (2017 TV series)]]'' - Netflix (13 episodes)<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5339440/ IMDB ''One Day at a Time (2017 TV Series)'']</ref>
* ''[[America Divided]]'' (miniseries) - (2016) Epix (5 episodes)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5355972/?ref_=nm_flmg_prd_2|title=America Divided|date=September 30, 2016|via=IMDb}}</ref>
* ''[[One Day at a Time (2017 TV series)|One Day at a Time]]'' - (2017-2020) Netflix/Pop (46 episodes)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5339440/|title=One Day at a Time|date=January 6, 2017|via=IMDb}}</ref>
* ''[[Good Times: Black Again]]'' (animated) - (2024-present) Netflix (10 episodes)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://imdb.com/title/tt13090810/?ref_=tt_rvi_tt_i_5 | title=Good Times (2024) | date=April 12, 2024 |via=IMDb}}</ref>


==Shareholders==
==Shareholders==
Act III was initially formed by Lear as a 100% controlled investment and management vehicle for his post-Embassy Communications business activities. In January 1989, Tractebel S.A., a large Belgian utility company with interests in Cable TV in Europe acquired a 20% equity stake in Act III Communications for $30 million, placing a value on the start-up venture's equity of $150 million. Tractebel was headed by Baron Philippe Bodson who oversaw the formation of Tractebell from the merger of Tractionel and Electrobel. Société Générale de Belgique (SGB) holds 50.3%of Tractebel's stock. SGB, Belgium's largest holding company, is in turn controlled by France's Suez-Lyonnaise, the holding giant formed by the merger of Compagnie de Suez and Lyonnaise des Eaux in early 1997. Tractebel sold its shares back to Act III and related parties in 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/tractebel-s-a-history/|title=History of Tractebel S.A. – FundingUniverse|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>
Act III was initially formed by Lear as a 100% controlled investment and management vehicle for his post-Embassy Communications business activities. In January 1989, Tractebel S.A., a large Belgian utility company with interests in Cable TV in Europe, acquired a 20% equity stake in Act III Communications for $30 million, placing a value on the start-up venture's equity of $150 million. Tractebel was headed by Baron Philippe Bodson, who oversaw the formation of Tractebell from the merger of Tractionel and Electrobel. Société Générale de Belgique (SGB) holds 50.3% of Tractebel's stock. SGB, Belgium's largest holding company, is in turn controlled by France's Suez-Lyonnaise, the holding giant formed by the merger of Compagnie de Suez and Lyonnaise des Eaux in early 1997. Tractebel sold its shares back to Act III and related parties in 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/tractebel-s-a-history/|title=History of Tractebel S.A. – FundingUniverse|publisher=|accessdate=10 April 2017}}</ref>


==Notes==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Official}}
*[http://www.normanlear.com/ Norman Lear]
*{{IBDB name|20018|Act III Productions}}
⚫
*{{IMDb company|0043140|Act III Communications}}
*{{IMDb company|0108864|Village Roadshow Pictures}}
*[http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/ Concord Music Group]
*[http://vreg.com/about-us/corporate-overview/ Village Roadshow Entertainment Group]
*[http://normanlear.lightray.com/act-iii/ Act III Communications]
*[http://www.actiiilicensing.com/ Act III Licensing]


{{Norman Lear}}
{{Norman Lear}}


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[[Category:Media companies established in 1985]]
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[[Category:Media companies of the United States]]
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[[Category:Norman Lear]]
[[Category:Film distributors of the United States]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in the United States]]
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[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1985]]
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[[Category:Mass media companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Norman Lear]]

Latest revision as of 22:09, 15 December 2024

Act III Communications
Company typePrivately held
IndustryMass media
Founded1985; 39 years ago (1985)
FounderNorman Lear
HeadquartersBeverly Hills, California
United States
Key people
Norman Lear (Chairman)
Hal Gaba (CEO)
ProductsFilm
Television
Theater

Act III Communications is an American media and entertainment company owned by the estate of producer and screenwriter Norman Lear. It was started in 1985 following Lear's sale of Embassy Communications to The Coca-Cola Company. In a Wall Street Journal interview in 1988, Lear explained the name by noting that in a Shakespeare play, there are always more than three acts and that he expects there to be an Act IV and V.[1][2] Act III served as Lear's business vehicle, unconnected to his other activities as a political activist and philanthropist.

Act III notable investments and ventures

[edit]

Among the many activities of Act III Communications is a minority interest in Village Roadshow Pictures (VRP); ownership interest in Concord Music Group (later merged with VRP to create Village Roadshow Entertainment Group); Act III Broadcasting; Act III Theatres; Act III Publishing; and Act III Television, a joint venture formed with Columbia Pictures Television in February 1989;[3][4] and Act III Merchandising which handles the merchandising for The Princess Bride among other properties. Act III Broadcasting was divested for approximately $500 million in 1994/95 to ABRY Partners; Act III Theatres was divested to KKR in 1997 for just under $700 million, while Concord Music Group was divested in 2013 to Wood Creek Capital for $115 million. Act III/Lear continues to own the two Rob Reiner-directed films it produced, Stand By Me and The Princess Bride. Act III/Lear continues to hold an interest in Village Roadshow Pictures/Village Roadshow Entertainment Group.

Village Roadshow Pictures

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Through a group led by Act III Communications, in January 2006, Norman Lear and his partner Hal Gaba purchased 50% of Village Roadshow Pictures (VRP), the Los Angeles-based, U.S. film production arm of Village Roadshow Limited, one of Australia's leading entertainment and media companies. Their entity, Crescent Film Group, included long-time colleague Michael Lambert through Lambert Media Group and Clarity Partners as investors.[5] Crescent invested $115 million for its interest in VRP.[6] The Australian parent, Village Roadshow Limited (VRL) also operates movie theaters; film production and distribution in Australia; TV and Video distribution; radio stations; and theme parks including "Warner Movie World." VRP co-produces and/or co-finances 6-8 movies per year. Historically a long-term partner with Warner Brothers, VRP moved its distribution to Sony Pictures in 2014.[7] VRP's library includes films such as The Great Gatsby, Winter's Tale, The Lego Movie, the Matrix trilogy, Miss Congeniality, Training Day, Ocean's Eleven and its sequels, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and others. This interest has been diluted with subsequent expansion and re-capitalizations of VRP but remains a significant interest for Act III. Village Roadshow Pictures used the $115 million invested by Crescent to repay an inter-company loan of $100 million owed to its parent company, as well as pay a $15 million dividend to the existing VRP shareholders and management.

Concord Music Group

[edit]

Norman Lear was also chairman emeritus of the Concord Music Group (aka Concord Records), one of the world's largest independent record and music publishing companies, which was acquired by Lear and his associate Hal Gaba in 1999 and divested to Wood Creek Capital in 2013. Concord is one of the leading producers and distributors of classic and contemporary Jazz musicians and also owns the legendary Stax label, which it acquired in 2004 as part of the Fantasy Records acquisition.[8]

Concord was acquired as a labor of love at the urging of Lear's long-time associate and then-CEO of Act III Communications, Hal Gaba. Gaba was CEO of Act III from late 1990, when he succeeded Tom McGrath, until his death in 2009. Gaba had long dreamed of owning a record company, and in 1999, he developed the Concorde opportunity.

The Concord Music Group had/has an extensive roster of household name artists that includes one of Gaba's favorite singers, who was also a personal friend - Frank Sinatra (Gaba produced a live tribute show regarding Frank Sinatra that included marrying archival film footage with live performances called Sinatra, His Voice, His World that played Radio City Music Hall[9]). Other artists on Concord's labels include Ray Charles, Ella Fitzgerald, Thelonious Monk, Chick Corea, John Coltrane, Miles Davis, Sergio Mendes, and Creedence Clearwater Revival. Concord Records started a relationship with Starbucks in 2003 that reached a high point with the release of Genius Loves Company, Ray Charles' last recording. The album went on to win 8 Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year.[10]

In early 2007, Concord and Starbucks launched a joint venture record label – Hear Music. With guaranteed distribution at thousands of Starbucks stores, the label attracted Paul McCartney, who left EMI for the new label. James Taylor, John Mellencamp, and Joni Mitchell all recorded for Hear Music before the partnership was terminated by Starbucks, which was reacting to the general decline in physical sales of recorded music that made the label unprofitable.[11]

Village Roadshow Entertainment Group

[edit]

In 2008, Concord Music Group merged into Village Roadshow Pictures to form Village Roadshow Entertainment Group (VREG).[12][13] Investors in VREG included the shareholders of Crescent, as shown above, as well as Australia's Village Roadshow Limited and Tailwind Capital.[14] Concord Music Group was sold to Wood Creek Capital, an affiliate of MassMutual, in 2013 for approximately $120 million.[15][16]

Film productions

[edit]

Theater productions

[edit]
  • Arsenic and Old Lace (play, comedy, revival) - produced by Act III Productions (June 26, 1986 - January 03, 1987), starring Jean Stapleton and Tony Roberts; opened on Broadway following a national tour[23][24]

Television productions

[edit]

Shareholders

[edit]

Act III was initially formed by Lear as a 100% controlled investment and management vehicle for his post-Embassy Communications business activities. In January 1989, Tractebel S.A., a large Belgian utility company with interests in Cable TV in Europe, acquired a 20% equity stake in Act III Communications for $30 million, placing a value on the start-up venture's equity of $150 million. Tractebel was headed by Baron Philippe Bodson, who oversaw the formation of Tractebell from the merger of Tractionel and Electrobel. Société Générale de Belgique (SGB) holds 50.3% of Tractebel's stock. SGB, Belgium's largest holding company, is in turn controlled by France's Suez-Lyonnaise, the holding giant formed by the merger of Compagnie de Suez and Lyonnaise des Eaux in early 1997. Tractebel sold its shares back to Act III and related parties in 1991.[33]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ LLC, Sussex Publishers (1 June 1989). "Spy". Sussex Publishers, LLC. Retrieved 10 April 2017 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Wall St. Journal April 8, 1988
  3. ^ Knoedelseder Jr, William K. (February 2, 1989). "Norman Lear, Columbia Form Joint TV Venture". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 23, 2021.
  4. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. (February 2, 1989). "Lear Joins With Columbia To Produce TV, Not Manage". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021.
  5. ^ McClintock, Pamela; McNary, Dave (2005-07-27). "Lear jetting to Roadshow deal". Variety. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  6. ^ LaPorte, Nicole (2005-10-23). "Lear's Crescent rounds out". Variety. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  7. ^ Cheney, Alexandra (5 May 2014). "Village Roadshow Inks Co-Finance Deal with Sony Pictures (EXCLUSIVE)". Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  8. ^ Gallo, Phil (19 December 2006). "Concord resurrects Stax". Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  9. ^ "Sinatra: His Voice. His World. His Way". Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  10. ^ "Ray Charles big winner at Grammy Awards". Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  11. ^ ""Starbucks Refines Its Entertainment Strategy" News.starbucks.com". Archived from the original on January 16, 2013.
  12. ^ "Concord | Independent Music". Concord. Archived from the original on November 1, 2014.
  13. ^ "VILLAGE ROADSHOW PICTURES GROUP and CONCORD MUSIC GROUP JOIN FORCES - jazzreview.com - Where People Talk About Jazz Since 1997". Archived from the original on 27 January 2013.
  14. ^ "Clarity Partners Release PDF" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-11-03.
  15. ^ Abrams, Rachel; Barker, Andrew (2013-03-25). "Concord Music Group Sold to Wood Creek Capital (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
  16. ^ "Concord Music Group to be Sold to Wood Creek Capital Management". Billboard.com. 25 March 2013.
  17. ^ "Stand by Me". Box Office Mojo.
  18. ^ "Stand by Me (1986) - Financial Information". The Numbers.
  19. ^ "The Princess Bride". Box Office Mojo.
  20. ^ "The Princess Bride (1987) - Financial Information". The Numbers.
  21. ^ "Breaking In". Box Office Mojo.
  22. ^ "Fried Green Tomatoes". Box Office Mojo.
  23. ^ Frank Rich, "Arsenic and Old Lace Revival" New York Times June 27, 1986
  24. ^ "Broadway Grosses, Broadway Box Office - 4/24/2022". www.broadwayworld.com.
  25. ^ "Sunday Dinner (TV Series 1991) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
  26. ^ "The Powers That Be (TV Series 1992–1993) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
  27. ^ "704 Hauser". April 11, 1994 – via IMDb.
  28. ^ "Channel Umptee-3". October 25, 1997 – via IMDb.
  29. ^ IMDb Tait Stages (TV Series 2013), retrieved 2017-07-20
  30. ^ "America Divided". September 30, 2016 – via IMDb.
  31. ^ "One Day at a Time". January 6, 2017 – via IMDb.
  32. ^ "Good Times (2024)". April 12, 2024 – via IMDb.
  33. ^ "History of Tractebel S.A. – FundingUniverse". Retrieved 10 April 2017.
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