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{{short description|hotel and restaurant guide published by the eponymous French tyre manufacturer}}
{{Short description|Hotel and restaurant guide}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox magazine
[[File:Michelin nyc 2006.jpg|thumb|Cover of a 2018 Michelin Guide]]
| title = Michelin Guide
'''Michelin Guides''' ({{Lang-fr|Guide Michelin}} {{IPA-fr|ɡid miʃ.lɛ̃|}}) are a series of guide books published by the French tyre<!-- European company, so British English --> company {{lang|fr|[[Michelin]]}} for more than a century. The term normally refers to the annually published Michelin ''Red Guide'', the oldest European hotel and restaurant reference guide, which awards up to three ''Michelin [[star (classification)|stars]]'' for excellence to a select few establishments.<ref>Fairburn, Carolyn. [http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:LTIB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0F91F33FE0903F10&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA "Fading stars – Michelin Red Guide"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080330/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Fiw.newsbank.com%3AUKNB%3ALTIB&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=0F91F33FE0903F10&svc_dat=InfoWeb%3Aaggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA |date=10 November 2013 }}, ''[[The Times]]'', 29 February 1992; Beale, Victoria and James Boxell [http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:FINB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=13885C564656C1C8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA "Falling stars"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080330/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Fiw.newsbank.com%3AUKNB%3AFINB&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=13885C564656C1C8&svc_dat=InfoWeb%3Aaggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA |date=10 November 2013 }}, ''[[The Financial Times]]'', 16 July 2011</ref> The acquisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. Michelin also publishes a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries, the ''Green Guides''.
| logo = Michelin Guide logo.svg
| logo_size = 90px
| image_file =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| firstdate = {{start date and age|1900}}
| founder = [[Édouard Michelin (born 1859)|Édouard Michelin]]<br />[[André Michelin]]
| company = [[Michelin]]
| finaldate = <!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| country = [[France]]
| keypeople =
| category = [[Gastronomy]], [[tourism]]
| frequency = Yearly
| website = {{URL|https://guide.michelin.com/en|guide.michelin.com}}
}}
The '''''Michelin Guides''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɪ|ʃ|əl|ɪ|n|,_|ˈ|m|ɪ|tʃ|əl|ɪ|n}} {{respell|MISH|əl|in|,_|MITCH|əl|in}}; {{Langx|fr|Guide Michelin}} {{IPA|fr|ɡid miʃlɛ̃|}}) are a series of guide books that have been published by the French tyre company [[Michelin]] since 1900.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The History of the Michelin Guide |url=https://guide.michelin.com/kr/en/article/features/history-michelin-guide |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-KR}}</ref> The ''Guide'' awards up to three Michelin [[star (classification)|stars]] for excellence to a select few [[restaurant]]s in certain geographic areas. Michelin also publishes the '''''Green Guides''''', a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries.


==History==
==History==
[[file:Guidem michelin 1900.jpg|thumb|upright=1|The first ''Michelin Guide'', published in 1900]]
In 1900, there were fewer than 3,000 cars on the roads of France. To increase the demand for cars and, accordingly, car tires, car tire manufacturers and brothers [[Édouard Michelin (born 1859)|Édouard]] and [[André Michelin]] published a guide for French motorists, the Michelin Guide.<ref name="hist1">Mayyasi, Alex [https://priceonomics.com/why-does-a-tire-company-publish-the-michelin-guide/ Why Does a Tyre Company Publish the Michelin Guide?] ''Pricenomics''. June 24, 2016</ref> Nearly 35,000 copies of this first, free edition of the guide were distributed; it provided useful information to motorists, such as maps, tire repair and replacement instructions, car mechanics listings, hotels, and petrol stations throughout France.
[[File:Bibendum-1911.jpg|thumb|upright=1|The 1911 ''Michelin Guide'' for the [[British Isles]]]]
In 1900, there were fewer than 3,000 cars on the roads of France. To increase the demand for cars and, accordingly, car tyre, the car tyre manufacturers and brothers [[Édouard Michelin (born 1859)|Édouard]] and [[André Michelin]] published a guide for French motorists, the ''Guide Michelin'' (Michelin Guide).<ref name="hist1">{{Cite web |last1=Mayyasi |first1=Alex |url=https://priceonomics.com/why-does-a-tire-company-publish-the-michelin-guide |title=Why Does a Tire Company Publish the Michelin Guide? |website=Priceonomics |date=23 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016182944/https://priceonomics.com/why-does-a-tire-company-publish-the-michelin-guide |archive-date=16 October 2016 }}</ref> Nearly 35,000 copies of this first, free edition were distributed. It provided information to motorists such as maps, tyre repair and replacement instructions, car mechanics listings, hotels, and petrol stations throughout France.


In 1904, the brothers published a guide for Belgium,<ref name="hist">{{Cite web |url=http://www.viamichelin.co.uk/tpl/mag6/art200903/htm/tour-saga-michelin.htm |title=The Michelin Guide: 100 editions and over a century of history |website=ViaMichelin.co.uk |date=2 March 2009 |access-date=20 May 2013 |archive-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505100337/http://www.viamichelin.co.uk/tpl/mag6/art200903/htm/tour-saga-michelin.htm }}</ref> and then for Algeria and Tunisia (1907); the [[Alps]] and the [[Rhine]] ([[northern Italy]], Switzerland, [[Bavaria]], and the Netherlands) (1908); Germany, Spain, and Portugal (1910); the British Isles (1911); and "The Countries of the Sun" (''{{lang|fr|Les Pays du Soleil}}'') ([[Northern Africa]], [[Southern Italy]] and [[Corsica]]) (1911). In 1909, an English-language version of the guide to France was published.<ref name="ACGCM-20100513">{{Cite web |url=http://www.acgcm.com/guide_michelin.html |title=Le guide Michelin en quelques dates |language=fr |date=13 May 2010 |website=Association des Collectionneurs de Guides et Cartes Michelin |access-date=19 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134653/http://www.acgcm.com/guide_michelin.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>
Four years later, in 1904, the brothers published a guide for Belgium similar to the Michelin Guide.<ref name="hist">[https://archive.is/20130505100337/http://www.viamichelin.co.uk/tpl/mag6/art200903/htm/tour-saga-michelin.htm "The Michelin Guide: 100 editions and over a century of history"] ViaMichelin, accessed 20 May 2013</ref>


During [[World War I]], publication of the guide was suspended. After the war, revised editions of the guide continued to be given away until 1920. It is said that André Michelin, while visiting a tyre merchant, noticed copies of the guide being used to prop up a workbench. Based on the principle that "man only truly respects what he pays for", Michelin decided to charge for the guide, about 7.50 francs or [[US$]]2.15 in 1922.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Wertenbaker |first1=Charles |title=The Testing of M. Thuilier |url=http://archives.newyorker.com/?i=1954-06-05#folio=072 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=5 June 1954 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629140911/http://archives.newyorker.com/?i=1954-06-05#folio=072v|archive-date=29 June 2016 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> They also made several changes, notably listing restaurants by specific categories, adding hotel listings (initially only for Paris), and removing advertisements.<ref name="hist" /> Recognizing the growing popularity of the restaurant section, the brothers recruited a team of anonymous inspectors to visit and review restaurants.<ref name="beyond">{{Cite web |url=http://www.beyond.fr/food/michelin-guide-history.html |title=Michelin Guide History, restaurant and dining guides |website=Provence and Beyond |access-date=19 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025504/http://www.beyond.fr/food/michelin-guide-history.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>
[[File:Bibendum-1911.jpg|thumb|1911 Michelin Guide to the [[British Isles]]]]


Following the usage of the [[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|''Murray's'']] and [[Baedeker Guides|''Baedeker'' guides]], the guide began to award [[Star (classification)|stars]] for restaurants in 1926. Initially, there was only a single star awarded. Then, in 1931, the hierarchy of zero, one, two, and three stars was introduced. Finally, in 1936, the criteria for the rankings were published:<ref name="hist"/>
Michelin subsequently introduced guides for [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]] (1907); the [[Alps]] and the [[Rhine]] ([[northern Italy]], [[Switzerland]], [[Bavaria]], and the [[Netherlands]]) (1908); [[Germany]], [[Spain]], and [[Portugal]] (1910); Ireland and the [[British Isles]] (1911); and "The Countries of the Sun" (''{{lang|fr|Les Pays du Soleil}}'') ([[Northern Africa]], [[Southern Italy]] and [[Corsica]]) (1911). In 1909, an English-language version of the guide to France was published.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.acgcm.com/guide_michelin.html "Le guide Michelin en quelques dates"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134653/http://www.acgcm.com/guide_michelin.html |date=4 March 2016 }}, Association des Collectionneurs de Guides et Cartes Michelin, accessed 19 May 2013</ref>

During [[World War I]], publication of the guide was suspended. After the war, revised editions of the guide continued to be given away until 1920. It is said that André Michelin, whilst visiting a tire merchant, noticed copies of the guide being used to prop up a workbench. Based on the principle that "man only truly respects what he pays for", Michelin decided to charge a price for the guide, which was about 750 francs or $2.15 in 1922.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wertenbaker|first1=Charles|title=The Testing of M. Thuilier|url=http://archives.newyorker.com/?i=1954-06-05#folio=072|accessdate=1 July 2016|publisher=The New Yorker|date=5 June 1954}}</ref> They also made several changes, notably listing restaurants by specific categories, adding hotel listings (initially only for Paris), and removing advertisements in the guide.<ref name="hist"/> Recognizing the growing popularity of the restaurant section of the guide, the brothers recruited a team of inspectors to visit and review restaurants, who were always anonymous.<ref name=beyond>[http://www.beyond.fr/food/michelin-guide-history.html "Michelin Guide History"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025504/http://www.beyond.fr/food/michelin-guide-history.html |date=4 March 2016 }}, Provence and Beyond, accessed 19 May 2013.</ref>

Following the usage of the [[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|Murray's]] and [[Baedeker Guides|Baedeker]] guides, the guide began to award [[Star (classification)|stars]] for fine dining establishments in 1926. Initially, there was only a single star awarded. Then, in 1931, the hierarchy of zero, one, two, and three stars was introduced. Finally, in 1936, the criteria for the starred rankings were published:<ref name="hist"/>


* {{Michelinstar gif|1}} : "A very good restaurant in its category" (''{{lang|fr|Une très bonne table dans sa catégorie}}'')
* {{Michelinstar gif|1}} : "A very good restaurant in its category" (''{{lang|fr|Une très bonne table dans sa catégorie}}'')
* {{Michelinstar gif|2}} : "Excellent cooking, worth a detour" (''{{lang|fr|Table excellente, mérite un détour}}'')
* {{Michelinstar gif|2}} : "Excellent cooking, worth a detour" (''{{lang|fr|Table excellente, mérite un détour}}'')
* {{Michelinstar gif|3}}: "Exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey" (''{{lang|fr|Une des meilleures tables, vaut le voyage}}'').<ref name="beyond"/>
* {{Michelinstar gif|3}} : "Exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey" (''{{lang|fr|Une des meilleures tables, vaut le voyage}}'').<ref name="beyond"/>


In 1931 the cover of the guide was changed from blue to red, and has remained so in all subsequent editions.<ref name="beyond"/> During [[World War II]], publication was again suspended, but in 1944, at the request of the [[Allies of World War II|Allied Forces]], the 1939 guide to France was specially reprinted for military use; its maps were judged the best and most up-to-date available. Publication of the annual guide resumed on 16 May 1945, a week after [[Victory in Europe Day|VE Day]].<ref name="hist"/>
In 1931 the cover was changed from blue to red and has remained so in all subsequent editions.<ref name="beyond"/> During [[World War II]], publication was again suspended. In 1944, at the request of the [[Allies of World War II|Allied Forces]], the 1939 guide to France was specially reprinted for military use; its maps were judged the best and most up-to-date available. Publication of the annual guide resumed on 16 May 1945, a week after [[Victory in Europe Day|VE Day]].<ref name="hist"/>


In the early post-war years the lingering effects of wartime shortages led Michelin to impose an upper limit of two stars; by 1950 the French edition listed 38 establishments judged to meet this standard.<ref>"The Michelin Guide", ''The Manchester Guardian'', 28 March 1950, p. 4</ref> The first Michelin Guide to Italy was published in 1956. It awarded no stars in the first edition. In 1974, the first guide to Britain since 1931 was published. Twenty-five stars were awarded.<ref>Dawson, Helen. "British Michelin revived", ''[[The Observer]]'' 24 March 1974, p. 40</ref>
In the early post-war years, the lingering effects of wartime shortages led Michelin to impose an upper limit of two stars; by 1950 the French edition listed 38 establishments judged to meet this standard.<ref name="MG-19500328">{{Cite news |title=The Michelin Guide |work=[[The Manchester Guardian]] |date=28 March 1950 |page=4 |number=32275 |access-date=17 March 2020 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46858809 |via=Newspapers.com }}</ref> The first ''Michelin Guide'' for Italy was published in 1956. It awarded no stars in the first edition. In 1974, the first guide to Britain since 1931 was published. Twenty-five stars were awarded.<ref name="Observer-19740324">{{Cite news |last1=Dawson |first1=Helen |title=British Michelin revived |work=[[The Observer]] |location=London |date=24 March 1974 |number=9530 |page=40 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46859499 |via=Newspapers.com }}</ref>


In 2005, Michelin published its first American guide, covering 500 restaurants in the five boroughs of [[New York City]] and 50 hotels in Manhattan. In 2007, a [[Tokyo]] Michelin Guide was launched. In the same year, the guide introduced a magazine, ''{{lang|fr|Étoile}}''. In 2008, a [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] volume was added.<ref name="hist"/> As of 2013, the guide is published in 14 editions covering 23 countries.<ref name="hist"/>
In 2005, Michelin published its first American guide, covering 500 restaurants in the five boroughs of [[New York City]] and 50 hotels in Manhattan. In 2007, a [[Tokyo]] guide was launched. In the same year, the guide introduced a magazine, ''{{lang|fr|Étoile}}''. In 2008, a [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] volume was added.<ref name="hist"/> As of 2013, the guide is published in 14 editions covering 23 countries.<ref name="hist"/>


In 2008, the German restaurateur Juliane Caspar was appointed editor-in-chief of the French edition of the guide. She had previously been responsible for the Michelin guides to Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. She became the first woman and first non-French national to occupy the French position. The German newspaper ''{{lang|de|[[Die Welt]]}}'' commented on the appointment, "In view of the fact [[German cuisine]] is regarded as a lethal weapon in most parts of France, this decision is like Mercedes announcing that its new director of product development is a Martian."<ref>Paterson, Tony. [http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_product=UKNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%201252851A9E132478%20) "French shock at Michelin guide's first foreign chief"]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[The Independent]]'', 18 December 2008{{dead link|date=August 2015}}</ref>
In 2008, the German restaurateur Juliane Caspar was appointed the first woman and first non-French national editor-in-chief of the French edition of the guide. She had previously been responsible for the Michelin guides to Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The German newspaper ''[[Die Welt]]'' commented on the appointment, "In view of the fact [[German cuisine]] is regarded as a lethal weapon in most parts of France, this decision is like Mercedes announcing that its new director of product development is a Martian."<ref name="I-20081217">{{cite news |last1=Paterson |first1=Tony |title=French find German's role hard to swallow |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/french-find-germans-role-hard-to-swallow-1201990.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220514/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/french-find-germans-role-hard-to-swallow-1201990.html |archive-date=14 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=18 March 2020 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=17 December 2008 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Paterson, Tony. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802131450/http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_product=UKNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%201252851A9E132478%20) "French shock at Michelin guide's first foreign chief"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 18 December 2008</ref>

The [[Korea Tourism Organization]] commissioned Michelin to include [[South Korea]] in its 2016 edition at a cost of 3.2 billion [[South Korean won|won]] (over US$1 million), but government officials were unhappy with resulting inaccuracies such as typos, translation errors, and description errors regarding seating options.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/food/wp/2017/10/24/south-korea-paid-big-money-to-commission-its-michelin-guide-does-that-mean-u-s-cities-could-do-the-same/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |title=South Korea paid big money to commission its Michelin Guide. Does that mean U.S. cities could do the same? |author=Maura Judkis |date=October 24, 2017}}</ref> In 2017, the [[Tourism Authority of Thailand]] agreed to pay 144 million Thai baht (US$4.4 million) over five years for the inclusion of their country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hsiao |first=Tina |date=2017-12-06 |title=Bangkok street food joint gets Michelin star |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/michelin-guide-bangkok-2017/index.html |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, the guide expanded to Canada, with guides covering [[Toronto]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The MICHELIN Guide Is Coming To Toronto |url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/news-and-views/the-michelin-guide-is-coming-to-toronto |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Vancouver]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The MICHELIN Guide is Coming to Vancouver |url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/news-and-views/michelin-guide-vancouver-2022 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-US}}</ref> in return for undisclosed payments from each city's local chapter of [[Destination Canada]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Silver |first=Mathew |date=August 5, 2022 |title=How did Toronto land the Michelin Guide? A Q&A with Andrew Weir, executive vice-president of Destination Toronto |url=https://torontolife.com/food/how-did-toronto-land-the-michelin-guide-a-qa-with-andrew-weir-executive-vice-president-of-destination-toronto/ |work=[[Toronto Life]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Grant |first=Josh |date=November 4, 2022 |title=Michelin recognition is a boon for Vancouver and its restaurants, but why all the secrecy? |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/michelin-guide-vancouver-1.6637266 |work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]}}</ref>

The guide announced its first list of restaurants in the US state of [[Florida]] on 9 June 2022, after the state and city tourism boards in [[Miami]], [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], and [[Tampa]], agreed to collectively pay the company up to US$1.5 million.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Freund |first1=Helen |title=Tampa, Orlando and Miami restaurants can now earn Michelin stars |url=https://www.tampabay.com/life-culture/food/2021/11/01/tampa-orlando-and-miami-restaurants-can-now-earn-michelin-stars/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=1 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Frías |first1=Carlos |title=Mark your calendars. We finally know when Florida restaurants will get Michelin stars |url=https://www.bradenton.com/entertainment/restaurants/article261385407.html |work=Miami Herald |date=16 May 2022|via=Bradenton Herald}}</ref> The guide awarded a single two-star ranking and fourteen one-star rankings, and 29 Bib Gourmands.<ref name="Florida2022">{{cite press release |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clktd7z0l08y12fhh6bz089q8-20220906-mg-miami-orlando-tampa-2022.pdf |title=MICHELIN Guide 2022 – Florida |location=Boulogne-Billancourt |date=9 June 2022 |publisher=Michelin |access-date=10 June 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007130103/https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/michelin-guide-2022-florida-first-selection/ |archive-date=7 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kara |first1=Faiyaz |title=The Michelin Guide handed out its stars tonight. Here are the Florida restaurants that earned them |url=https://www.orlandoweekly.com/food-drink/the-michelin-guide-handed-out-its-stars-tonight-here-are-the-florida-restaurants-that-earned-them-31778348 |work=Orlando Weekly |language=en}}</ref>

In late 2022, the guide expanded to [[Vietnam]], [[Malaysia]], [[Estonia]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]] in return for undisclosed payments.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=8 February 2023 |title=Paying Michelin Guide to Help Promote Your Tourism Can be a Messy Business |url=https://skift.com/2023/02/08/paying-michelin-guide-to-help-promote-your-tourism-can-be-a-messy-business/ |website=[[Skift]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Latham |first=Tori |date=June 7, 2023 |title=Vietnam Just Got Its First Michelin-Starred Restaurants—Here They Are |url=https://ca.style.yahoo.com/vietnam-just-got-first-michelin-010000030.html |access-date= |website=[[Yahoo! Movies]] |language=en-CA}}</ref>

In February 2023, the [[Ministry of Tourism (Israel)|Israeli Tourism Ministry]] announced a bid to bring the Michelin guide to their country in return for a payment of €1.5 million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Spiro |first=Amy |date=February 1, 2023 |title=Tourism Ministry greenlights entry of Michelin Guide to Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/tourism-ministry-greenlights-entry-of-michelin-guide-to-israel/ |work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

In 2023, the guide expanded to several cities in [[Colorado]] ([[Aspen, Colorado|Aspen]], [[Beaver Creek Resort]], [[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder]], [[Denver]], [[Snowmass Village, Colorado|Snowmass Village]], and [[Vail, Colorado|Vail]]) that paid between US$70,000 and US$100,000 on top of a state contribution; other cities ([[Aurora, Colorado|Aurora]], [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], [[Fort Collins, Colorado|Fort Collins]], and [[Grand Junction, Colorado|Grand Junction]]) declined to participate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-12 |title=Colorado's first-ever Michelin star restaurants are here |url=https://denverite.com/2023/09/12/colorado-michelin-star-restaurants/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Denverite |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The MICHELIN Guide Arrives in Colorado |url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/michelin-guide-colorado-announcement |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-US}}</ref> In September 2023 the Michelin Guide also expanded to [[Atlanta]], in return for a payment of US$1 million over three years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jorden |first=Rashaad |date=2024-04-24 |title=Atlanta's Michelin Guide Deal Translates to Tourism Dollars |url=https://skift.com/2024/04/24/atlantas-michelin-guide-deal-translates-to-tourism-dollars/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=[[Skift]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The MICHELIN Guide Heats up Atlanta |url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/michelin-guide-atlanta-georgia-new-destination-addition-restaurant-hotels |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the early 2020s, Michelin began requiring certain countries which had previously received reviews to pay for continued coverage. [[Hungary]], [[Slovenia]], and the [[Czech Republic]] agreed to do so.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Prague Morning |date=January 25, 2023 |title='Pay or There'll be No Stars.' Czech Republic May Lose its Michelin Restaurants}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://praguemorning.cz/czech-government-will-pay-to-be-included-in-michelin-gastronomic-guide/ |title=Czech Government Will Pay to be Included in Michelin Gastronomic Guide |date=July 13, 2023 |newspaper=Prague Morning}}</ref>

==Transition to digital publication==

2021 marked the end of printed copies of the Michelin Guide. After 121 years, Michelin transitioned to digital publication and released a proprietary [[mobile app|app]]. This allowed Michelin to distribute the guide to a larger audience at no charge.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.barandrestaurant.com/technology/michelin-guide-goes-digital |title=The Michelin Guide Goes Digital |work=Bar & Restaurant News |last=Engstrand |first=Sarah |date=13 October 2024 |access-date=3 November 2024}}</ref> However, as of 2024, a handful of popular regions, [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in France|France]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Italy|Italy]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Japan|Japan]] and [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Spain|Spain]], remain in printed publication.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bonappetit.com/story/michelin-guide-gwendal-poullennec-interview | title=What's Next for the Michelin Guide? Even More Growth |work=bon appėtit |last=Stone |first=Sam |date=10 May 2024 |access-date=3 November 2024}}</ref>


==Methods and layout==
==Methods and layout==
[[File:Dishes made by Michelin star restaurants.jpg|thumb|Dishes made by Michelin star restaurants]]
[[File:Dishes made by Michelin star restaurants.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Dishes made by Michelin-starred restaurants]]
Red Guides have historically listed many more restaurants than rival guides, relying on an extensive system of symbols to describe each one in as little as two lines. Reviews of starred restaurants also include two to three culinary specialties. Short summaries (2–3 lines) were added in 2002/2003 to enhance descriptions of many establishments. These summaries are written in the language of the country for which the guide is published (though the [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] volume is in Spanish only) but the symbols are the same throughout all editions.<ref>Michelin Guide Great Britain & Ireland (2000), Netherlands (2007), Benelux (2003)</ref>
Red Guides have historically listed many more restaurants than rival guides, relying on an extensive system of symbols to describe each one in as little as two lines. Reviews of starred restaurants also include two to three culinary specialties. Short summaries (2–3 lines) were added in 2002/2003 to enhance descriptions of many establishments. These summaries are written in the language of the country for which the guide is published (though the [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] volume is in Spanish only) but the symbols are the same throughout all editions.<ref>''Michelin Guide'' Great Britain & Ireland (2000), Netherlands (2007), Benelux (2003)</ref>


===Stars===
===Stars{{anchor |stars}}===
{{See also|List of Michelin 3-star restaurants}}
{{See also|List of Michelin 3-star restaurants}}


Michelin inspectors (reviewers) visit restaurants anonymously, and they award one, two, or three stars for those considered at least very good:
Michelin reviewers (commonly called "inspectors") are anonymous; they do not identify themselves, and their meals and expenses are paid for by Michelin, never by a restaurant being reviewed:
{{quote|Michelin has gone to extraordinary lengths to maintain the anonymity of its inspectors. Many of the company's top executives have never met an inspector; inspectors themselves are advised not to disclose their line of work, even to their parents (who might be tempted to boast about it); and, in all the years that it has been putting out the guide, Michelin has refused to allow its inspectors to speak to journalists. The inspectors write reports that are distilled, in annual "stars meetings" at the guide's various national offices, into the ranking of three stars, two stars, or one star—or no stars. (Establishments that Michelin deems unworthy of a visit are not included in the guide.)<ref name=lunch>Colapinta, John. [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/11/23/091123fa_fact_colapinto#ixzz29X2IhNIo "Lunch with M – Undercover with a Michelin inspector"], ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 23 November 2009</ref>|}}


* {{Michelinstar gif|1}} : "High-quality cooking, worth a stop" (''{{lang|fr|Cuisine de qualité, mérite une halte}}'')
The French chef [[Paul Bocuse]], one of the pioneers of {{lang|fr|[[nouvelle cuisine]]}} in the 1960s, said, "Michelin is the only guide that counts."<ref>[http://www.timeoutkl.com/food/articles/Taste-test-Menu-by-three-star-Michelin-chef-Philippe-Marc "Taste test: Menu by three-star Michelin chef Philippe Marc"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115130231/http://www.timeoutkl.com/food/articles/Taste-test-Menu-by-three-star-Michelin-chef-Philippe-Marc |date=15 January 2013 }}, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]], Kuala Lumpur'' 20 October 2012</ref> In France, when the guide is published each year, it sparks a media frenzy which has been compared to that for annual [[Academy Awards]] for films.<ref name="lunch"/> Media and others debate likely winners, speculation is rife, and TV and newspapers discuss which restaurant might lose, and who might gain a Michelin star.<ref>[https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2011/10/04/michelin-guide-in-new-york-city-three-stars-for-eleven-madison-park "Michelin Stars Align for Seven NYC Restaurants"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109181109/https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2011/10/04/michelin-guide-in-new-york-city-three-stars-for-eleven-madison-park |date=9 November 2016 }}, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 4 October 2011; [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/dining/kibo-opens-brooklyn-fare-gets-three-michelin-stars-off-the-menu.html "Off the Menu"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206174902/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/dining/kibo-opens-brooklyn-fare-gets-three-michelin-stars-off-the-menu.html |date=6 February 2016 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 4 October 2011; [http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201111290082 "Tokyo retains title as Michelin's gourmet capital"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204080507/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201111290082 |date=4 December 2011 }}, ''The Asahi Shimbun'', 29 November 2011; and [http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,785286,00.html "Taking the Pop-Up Restaurant to New Heights"], ''{{lang|de|Spiegel}} Online'', 19 January 2011</ref>
* {{Michelinstar gif|2}} : "Excellent cooking, worth a detour" (''{{lang|fr|Cuisine excellente, mérite un détour}}'')
* {{Michelinstar gif|3}} : "Exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey" (''{{lang|fr|Une des meilleures cuisines, vaut le voyage}}'').<ref name="beyond"/>


Inspectors' meals and expenses are paid for by Michelin, never by a restaurant being reviewed:
The Michelin Guide also awards Rising Stars, an indication that a restaurant has the potential to qualify for a star, or an additional star.
{{blockquote|Michelin has gone to extraordinary lengths to maintain the anonymity of its inspectors. Many of the company's top executives have never met an inspector; inspectors themselves are advised not to disclose their line of work, even to their parents (who might be tempted to boast about it); and, in all the years that it has been putting out the guide, Michelin has refused to allow its inspectors to speak to journalists. The inspectors write reports that are distilled, in annual "stars meetings" at the guide's various national offices, into the ranking of three stars, two stars, or one star—or no stars (establishments that Michelin deems unworthy of a visit are not included in the guide).<ref name=lunch>Colapinta, John. [https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/11/23/091123fa_fact_colapinto#ixzz29X2IhNIo "Lunch with M – Undercover with a Michelin inspector"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219032145/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/11/23/091123fa_fact_colapinto#ixzz29X2IhNIo |date=19 February 2014 }}, ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 23 November 2009</ref>}}


The French chef [[Paul Bocuse]], one of the pioneers of {{lang|fr|[[nouvelle cuisine]]}} in the 1960s, said, "Michelin is the only guide that counts."<ref name="TOKL-20121023">{{Cite web |first1=Surekha |last1=Ragavan |url=http://www.timeoutkl.com/food/articles/Taste-test-Menu-by-three-star-Michelin-chef-Philippe-Marc |title=Taste test: Menu by three-star Michelin chef Philippe Marc |date=23 October 2012 |website=[[Time Out Kuala Lumpur]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115130231/http://www.timeoutkl.com/food/articles/Taste-test-Menu-by-three-star-Michelin-chef-Philippe-Marc |archive-date=15 January 2013 }}</ref> In France, when the guide is published each year, it sparks a media frenzy which has been compared to that for annual [[Academy Awards]] for films.<ref name="lunch"/> Media and others debate likely winners, speculation is rife, and TV and newspapers discuss which restaurant might lose and which might gain a Michelin star.<ref name="WSJ-20111004">{{Cite news |first1=Sumathi |last1=Reddy |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2011/10/04/michelin-guide-in-new-york-city-three-stars-for-eleven-madison-park |title=Michelin Stars Align for Seven NYC Restaurants |date=4 October 2011 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109181109/https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2011/10/04/michelin-guide-in-new-york-city-three-stars-for-eleven-madison-park |archive-date=9 November 2016 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20111005">{{Cite news |first1=Florence |last1=Fabricant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/dining/kibo-opens-brooklyn-fare-gets-three-michelin-stars-off-the-menu.html |title=Off the Menu |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=4 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206174902/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/dining/kibo-opens-brooklyn-fare-gets-three-michelin-stars-off-the-menu.html |archive-date=6 February 2016 }}</ref><ref name="AShimbun-20111129">{{Cite news |agency=[[Reuters]] |url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201111290082 |title=Tokyo retains title as Michelin's gourmet capital |work=[[Asahi Shimbun]] |date=29 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204080507/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201111290082 |archive-date=4 December 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Spiegel-20110119">{{Cite news |first1=Catherine |last1=Cheney |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,785286,00.html |title=Taking the Pop-Up Restaurant to New Heights |work=[[Spiegel Online]] |date=9 September 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231160621/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,785286,00.html |archive-date=31 December 2011 }}</ref>
==={{lang|fr|Bib Gourmand}}===

[[File:A culinary journey to the Finnish archipelago.jpg|thumb|upright|A menu course from a Michelin rated restaurant in Helsinki, Finland]]
The ''Michelin Guide'' also awards "Rising Stars", an indication that a restaurant has the potential to qualify for a star, or an additional star.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ephanov |first=Nikita |date=2022-06-24 |title=Why Michelin's Rising Star Designation Is So Confusing |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/907048/why-michelins-rising-star-designation-is-so-confusing/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Tasting Table |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Carte Printemps Spring menu Switzerland Michelin starred restaurant.jpg|thumb|A course in a Michelin starred restaurant in Geneva, Switzerland]]

[[File:Italian Restaurant Antica Osteria Del Ponte 2 Michelin Star.jpg|thumb|A course in a Michelin starred restaurant in Tokyo, Japan]]
===Green stars===
Since 1955, the guide has also highlighted restaurants offering "exceptionally good food at moderate prices", a feature now called "{{lang|fr|Bib Gourmand}}". They must offer menu items priced below a maximum determined by local economic standards. {{lang|fr|Bib}} ({{lang|la|[[Bibendum]]}}) is the company's nickname for the [[Michelin Man]], its corporate logo for over a century.
[[File:MichelinGreenStar.svg|thumb|Green star symbol]]

In 2020, the ''Michelin Guide'' launched a sustainability emblem to symbolise excellence in sustainable [[gastronomy]].<ref name="new-green-announced"/> An establishment awarded this green star is given space on the Guide's website for the chef to describe the restaurant's vision.<ref name="new-green-announced">{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2020: The New Sustainability Emblem |url=https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/news-and-views/michelin-guide-2020-the-new-sustainability-emblem |website=News & Views |publisher=Michelin Guide |access-date=21 December 2020 |date=17 February 2020}}</ref>

===Bib Gourmand===
Since 1997,<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2022 |title=What Is The MICHELIN Bib Gourmand Award? |url=https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/features/the-bib-gourmand |website=Michelin Guide}}</ref> the guide has also highlighted restaurants offering "exceptionally good food at moderate prices", a feature now called "{{lang|fr|Bib Gourmand}}". They must offer a combination of menu items priced below a maximum determined by local economic standards. For example, in [[Canada]] a Bib Gourmand restaurant must be able to offer a two-course meal and either dessert or a glass of wine for less than $60 CAD per person.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balsam |first1=Joel |title="They have their secret. Now I have a secret too": The story behind SumiLicious, the only Scarborough restaurant to receive a Michelin award |url=https://torontolife.com/food/they-have-their-secret-now-i-have-a-secret-too-the-story-behind-sumilicious-the-only-scarborough-restaurant-to-receive-a-michelin-award/ |access-date=22 August 2024 |work=Toronto Life |date=19 September 2022 |ref=It picked up a Bib Gourmand—an award given to restaurants where a two-course meal and dessert or a glass of wine costs less than $60 per person}}</ref> {{lang|fr|Bib}} ({{lang|la|[[Bibendum]]}}) is the company's nickname for the [[Michelin Man]], its corporate logo for over a century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=8 Surprising Facts about the Michelin Man |url=https://guide.michelin.com/vn/en/article/features/8-surprising-facts-about-the-michelin-man-th |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-VN}}</ref> Like Michelin stars, a restaurant can gain or lose a Bib Gourmand designation at Michelin's annual award ceremony for the region where it operates.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Dani |title=BREAKING: Vancouver Now Has 10 Michelin-Starred Restaurants |url=https://www.vanmag.com/taste/food-news/vancouver-now-has-10-michelin-starred-restaurants-new-awards-winners/ |access-date=5 October 2024 |work=Vancouver Magazine |date=3 October 2024 |ref=Note: You’ll notice that Nightshade and Fiorino are missing on this list despite being part of it last year—that’s because Nightshade unfortunately shuttered its doors last year. And to Fiorino, we’re sorry you didn’t make this year’s cut.}}</ref>

===The Plate===
In 2016, a new symbol, the Plate, was added to recognize restaurants that "simply serve good food".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/to-the-stars-and-beyond|title=To the Stars and Beyond|website=Michelin Guide}}</ref>

===Keys, for hotels===
Michelin plans on awarding "keys" to hotels starting in 2024. Michelin states that the key award will "distinguish exceptional establishments led by teams with unique forms of knowledge" and that awards will be given after stays conducted anonymously by ''Michelin Guide'' selection teams.<ref>{{cite news| title=A Distinction for the Hotel Selection—the Michelin Key | publisher=Michelin Guide | date=5 October 2023 | url=https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/news-and-views/michelin-guide-hotels-distinction-michelin-key}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Michelin Guide will start rating hotels with 'key' awards | date=6 October 2023 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/travel/2023/10/06/michelin-guide-will-start-rating-hotels-with-key-awards/ | newspaper = The Washington Post}}</ref>


== Guides ==
== Guides ==
===Countries===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
<!--Note: Do not use the map view of the [https://guide.michelin.com] for updates; due to the user input factor it doesn't provide the identical data to the published guides.-->
! Country<ref name="France">{{fr icon}} "[http://www.michelin-boutique.com/guides-cartes/guides-dhebergements-restauration/europe-c-33_54_57.html Achetez en ligne votre Guide Michelin Europe] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207190957/http://www.michelin-boutique.com/guides-cartes/guides-dhebergements-restauration/europe-c-33_54_57.html |date=7 February 2016 }}", Michelin.</ref>
Note: the information below is based on the number listed on Michelin Guide official website, up to May 21, 2024.
! Release date
! {{Michelin stars|3}}
{{dynamic list}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! {{Michelin stars|2}}
! Country/Region<ref name="France">{{Cite web |url=http://www.michelin-boutique.com/guides-cartes/guides-dhebergements-restauration/europe-c-33_54_57.html |title=Accueil {{!}} Guides & Cartes {{!}} Guides d'Hôtels et de Restaurants {{!}} Europe |website=[[Michelin]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207190957/http://www.michelin-boutique.com/guides-cartes/guides-dhebergements-restauration/europe-c-33_54_57.html |archive-date=7 February 2016 }}</ref>
! {{Michelin stars|1}}
! Year
! {{lang|fr|Bib Gourmand}}
!{{Michelin stars|3}} Stars
! Establishments
!{{Michelin stars|2}} Stars
!{{Michelin stars|1}} Star
! Total {{Michelin stars|1}}
!Green star
!Bib Gourmand
!Selected Restaurant
!Establishments
|-
|-
! France
! France
| 2024<ref>{{cite press release| title=Michelin Guide 2024 - France |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clty44eex0v0913lw2ina0lz3-20240318-pr-france-michelin-guide-2024-en.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=18 March 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
| 2017 Edition<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.michelin.com/eng/media-room/press-and-news/press-releases/Products-Services/MICHELIN-guide-Yannick-Alleno-s-1947-restaurant-Courchevel-awarded-3-stars-in-the-2017-MICHELIN-guide-France/|title=Michelin Guide - Yannic Alleno's 1947 restaurant (Courchevel) awarded 3 stars in the 2017 Michelin Guide France|last=|first=|date=9 February 2017|work=www.michelin.com|format=|access-date=}}</ref>
| 27
| 30
| 86
| 75
| 503
| 534
| 639
| 645<br/>(€32, €36 in Paris area)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eater.com/2017/1/5/14179656/michelin-france-bib-gourmand|title=Michelin Unveils France's Bib Gourmands for 2017|work=Eater|access-date=2017-10-27}}</ref>
| 93
| over 3,222 hotels and guest houses,<br/>4,362 restaurants
| 392<!-- Old, needs WP:V - <br />(€32, €36 in Paris area)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.eater.com/2017/1/5/14179656/michelin-france-bib-gourmand |title=Michelin Unveils France's Bib Gourmands for 2017 |work=[[Eater (website)|Eater]] |last1=Filloon |first1=Whitney |date=5 January 2017 |access-date=2017-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027125834/https://www.eater.com/2017/1/5/14179656/michelin-france-bib-gourmand |archive-date=27 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>-->
| N/A
| almost 3000 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Japan|Japan]]
! Belgium and Luxembourg
|2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Michelin Guide 2023 |url=https://guide.michelin.com/gb/en/restaurants?q=japan |website=MICHELIN Guide}}</ref>
| 2012 Edition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michelin.com/corporate/EN/news/products/article?articleID=NMICHELIN-Guide-Belgium-Luxembourg-2012 |title=Michelin Group: news from the tyre and mobility leader |work=michelin.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michelin.com/corporate/EN/content/newsAndPress/products_and_services/Travel%2520Services//MICHELIN-Guide-Belgium-Luxembourg-2012.pdf |title=Les publications Michelin pour les investisseurs institutionnels |work=michelin.com }}</ref>
| 3
| 23
| 16
| 82
| 99
| 442
| 547
| 140 (€35 or less)
| 28
| over 700 hotels and guest houses,<br/>1,100 restaurants
| 492<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/restaurants/bib-gourmand|title=Bib Gourmand – the MICHELIN Guide Japan|website=MICHELIN Guide}}</ref>
|
|1,501 restaurants
|-
! Spain
|2024<ref name="SAN">{{cite press release |title=2 NEW THREE-STAR RESTAURANTS SHINE IN THE 2024 MICHELIN GUIDE SPAIN|url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clsbmkbnh8f3k0tmvf3d5gy5s-20231128-pr-mgc-esp-2024.pdf |author=Michelin Guide |date=2023-11-28 |location=Paris |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522142947/https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clsbmkbnh8f3k0tmvf3d5gy5s-20231128-pr-mgc-esp-2024.pdf |archive-date=2024-05-22}}</ref>
| 15
| 32
| 224
| 271
| 49
| 229
| 766
| 1,266 restaurants
|-
! Italy
|2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.michelin.com/en/publications/michelin-guide-2024-italy-two-new-3-michelin-stars-restaurants/ | title=2023 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING &#124; Michelin }}</ref>
| 13
| 40
| 342
| 395
| 58
| 257
|
| 1,986 restaurants
|-
! United States<ref group="Note">Only select states and cities are reviewed in the U.S. As of 2024, only [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Atlanta|Atlanta]], the state of California ( [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in the San Francisco Bay Area and Northern California|Northern California]] & [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Los Angeles and Southern California|Southern California]]), [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Chicago|Chicago]], select cities in [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Colorado|Colorado]], select cities in [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Florida|Florida]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in New York City|New York City]], select cities in [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Texas|Texas]], and [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] are reviewed. Each region would have its own separate guide</ref>
|2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 USA Michelin Guide |url=https://guide.michelin.com/gb/en/selection/united-states/restaurants |website=MICHELIN Guide}}</ref>
| 13
| 33
| 177
| 223
| 29
| 374<br />($49)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/restaurants/bib-gourmand|title=Bib Gourmand – the MICHELIN Guide USA|website=MICHELIN Guide}}</ref>
|
|1,509 restaurants
|-
|-
! Germany
! Germany
|2024<ref>{{cite press release |title=Michelin Guide 2024 - Germany |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clu9n9vdh0woe12m176h0034f-20240326-pr-michelinguide-germany2024.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=26 March 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
|2016 Edition<ref>"[http://www.michelin.com/corporate/EN/news/products/article?articleID=NMICHELIN-guide-Germany-2016 Deutschland 2016 Michelin Guide]</ref>
| 10
| 10
| 39
| 50
| 241
| 280
| 340
| 471<br/>(€35 or less)
| 77
| over 4,200 hotels and guest houses,<br/>2,100 restaurants, 4,287 hotels
| 199<!--Old, needs WP:V - <br />(€35)-->
| N/A
| N/A
|-
|-
! Great Britain and [[List of Michelin starred restaurants in Ireland|Ireland]]<ref group="Note">[[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in England|England]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Scotland|Scotland]], and [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Wales|Wales]] have separate articles. Northern Ireland is combined with the Republic of Ireland in one article for all of Ireland.</ref>
! Great Britain and Ireland
| 2024<ref>{{cite press release |title=The Michelin Guide Great Britain & Ireland 2024 Welcomes a New Three Star Restaurant |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clsdcyu5l1a1w13lcc8h8569b-20240205-pr-gbi2024.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=5 February 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
| 2020 Edition<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.leadingrestaurants.co.uk/data/full-lists/michelin-guide/ |title=All Current UK and Ireland Michelin Star Restaurants |date=9 October 2019 |accessdate=9 October 2019}}</ref>
| 9
| 27
| 170
| {{sum|9|27|170}}
|32
| 127<!--Old, needs WP:V<br />([[Pound sterling|£]]28 or €40)-->
| N/A
| 1,162 restaurants
|-
! Nordic Countries<ref group=Note>Nordic Countries consists of [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Denmark|Denmark]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Finland|Finland]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Iceland|Iceland]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Norway|Norway]], and [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Sweden|Sweden]]</ref>
| 2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.michelin.com/en/publications/products-and-services/michelin-guide-nordic-countries-2024 | title=MICHELIN Guide - Nordic Countries - 2024 }}</ref>
| 6
| 13
| 66
| 85
| 36
| 37
| N/A
| 268 restaurants
|-
! Switzerland
|2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gaultmillau.ch/starchefs/guide-michelin-2-sterne-fur-mahler-eperon|title=Guide Michelin: 2 Sterne für Mahler & Eperon {{!}} GaultMillau – Channel|publisher=Gault Millau|language=de|date=2019-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020400/https://www.gaultmillau.ch/starchefs/guide-michelin-2-sterne-fur-mahler-eperon|archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Switzerland| website=Michelin Guide | url=https://guide.michelin.com/en/ch/restaurants | access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>
| 4
| 26
| 108
| 138
|31
| 125<br />(CHF70)<ref>"[http://www.michelin.com/corporate/news/products/article?articleID=CP_GM_Suisse_2011 Michelin Stars Rain Down on Switzerland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204232200/http://www.michelin.com/corporate/news/products/article?articleID=CP_GM_Suisse_2011 |date=4 December 2010 }}", Michelin, 16 November 2010.</ref>
|
| 458 hotels and guest houses,<br />777 restaurants
|-
! China (mainland)<ref group="Note">Only select regions and cities are reviewed in mainland China. As of 2024, only [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Beijing|Beijing]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Chengdu|Chengdu]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Guangzhou|Guangzhou]], [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Hangzhou|Hangzhou]], and [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Shanghai|Shanghai]] are reviewed. Each region would have its own separate guide</ref>
| 2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://guide.michelin.com/en/cn/restaurants | title=MICHELIN Guide - China - 2024 }}</ref>
| 5
| 5
| 15
| 102
| 122
|4
| 130
|233
|485 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Singapore|Singapore]]
|2024<ref>{{cite press release |title=The MICHELIN Guide Singapore 2024 Full Selection: Newly Awarded Restaurants Announced |url=https://guide.michelin.com/sg/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/singapore-full-selection-2024}}</ref>
|3
|6
|42
|51
|2
|81
|151
|283 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin starred restaurants in Taiwan|Taiwan]]
|2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taiwan MICHELIN Restaurants – The MICHELIN Guide |url=https://guide.michelin.com/tw/en/restaurants |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-TW}}</ref><ref name="TT">{{cite press release |title=Guide Michelin 2023 - Taiwan - 2 restaurants promoted to Three Michelin Stars |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/cloo51iwl003835nj4ue2c77n-2023-08-31-mg-tw-2023.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=31 August 2023}}</ref>
|3
|6
|35
|44
|11
|139
|
|321 restaurants
|-
! Belgium and Luxembourg
| 2024<ref>{{cite press release |title=Michelin Guide 2024 – Belgium and Luxembourg |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clte5428q006012jxdwor2gjb-20240226-pr-michelin-guide-belux-2024-pr.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=26 February 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
| 2
| 23
| 23
| 159
| 128
| 153
| 131<br/>([[Pound sterling|£]]28 or €40)
|12
| over 340 hotels, [[guest house]]s,<br/>1,400 restaurants
| 131<!-- Old, needs WP:V (€45)-->
| N/A
| 792 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin starred restaurants in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
! Italy
| 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michelin Guide Netherlands 2023 |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/press-releases/michelin-guide-2023-netherlands/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=nl-NL}}</ref>
|2012 Edition<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michelin.com/corporate/EN/content/newsAndPress/products_and_services/Travel%2520Services/MICHELIN-Guide-Italy-2012.pdf |title=Les publications Michelin pour les investisseurs institutionnels |work=michelin.com}}</ref>
| 2
| 20
| 103
| 125
|15
| 98 (€39)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.missethoreca.nl/restaurant/nieuws/2019/11/michelin-prijs-bib-gourmand-menu-van-37-naar-39-euro-in-2020-101327888|title=Prijs Bib Gourmand menu van 37 naar 39 euro|last=Bluiminck|first=Nathalie|date=11 November 2019|website=Misset Horeca|language=nl|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117134518/https://www.missethoreca.nl/restaurant/nieuws/2019/11/michelin-prijs-bib-gourmand-menu-van-37-naar-39-euro-in-2020-101327888|archive-date=17 January 2020|access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>
|
| 504 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Austria|Austria]]
| 2023<ref>{{cite press release |title=Michelin Guide 2023 - Vienna and Salzburg - Two new Bib Gourmands and a new Michelin Green Star highlighted |url=https://agngnconpm.cloudimg.io/v7/https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clktdax5309bo2fhhgzbk0bl0-20230124-pr-mg-austria.pdf |location=Boulogne-Billancourt |publisher=Michelin |date=24 January 2023}}</ref>
| 1
| 6
| 8
| 15
|2
| 9
|
|77 restaurants<ref name="VS" />
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Slovenia|Slovenia]]
| 2023<ref>{{cite press release |title=Michelin Guide 2023 - Slovenia - A Green Star restaurant awarded Three Michelin Stars |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/cloo52t50005035njgbmk4b3j-2023-09-19-pr-mg-slovenia-2023.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=19 September 2023}}</ref>
| 1
| 1
| 7
| 7
| 38
| 9
| 250
| 8
| 7
| 260 (€35)
|
| over 3,700 hotels and guest houses,<br/>2,700 restaurants
|59 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin starred restaurants in South Korea|South Korea]]
! Netherlands
|2024<ref name="SBu" />
| 2012 Edition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michelin.com/corporate/EN/news/products/article?articleID=Nguide_netherlands_2012 |title=Michelin Group: news from the tyre and mobility leader - Michelin |work=michelin.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.dinnersite.nl/toprestaurants/michelin |title=Michelin Star Restaurants 2014 / 2015 - dinnersite.nl restaurant guide |work=dinnersite.nl |access-date=23 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627044637/http://en.dinnersite.nl/toprestaurants/michelin |archive-date=27 June 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| 1
| 9
| 26
| 57
| 87
|
|
| 177 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Portugal|Portugal]]
|2024<ref>{{cite press release|title=Guide Michelin 2024 – Portugal |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clte2vvbo00jy13ma1vv91kdc-20240227-pr-michelin-guide-portugal-2024-en.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=27 February 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
| rowspan="18" | 0
| 8
| 31
| 39
| 5
| 32
| 96
| 167 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Thailand|Thailand]]
| 2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.michelin.com/en/publications/michelin-guide-2024-thailand-2-new-two-michelin-stars-restaurant/ | title=Guide MICHELIN 2024 - Thaïland - 2 new two Michelin Stars restaurant }}</ref>
| 7
| 28
| 35
| 4
| 196
|
|447 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Brazil|Brazil]]
|2024<ref name="Br"/>
|6
|15
|21
|3
|37
|82
|140 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Mexico|Mexico]]
| 2024<ref>{{cite press release |title=Michelin Guide 2024 - Mexico - first edition |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clw7rnyfk3l1y13on04cdabzo-20240515-pr-michelin-guide-stars-mexico-2024.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=15 May 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
| 2
| 2
| 16
| 16
| 84
| 18
|8
| 102<br/>(€35)<ref>"[http://www.michelin.com/corporate/news/products/article?articleID=CP_GM_Pays_Bas_2011 Michelin Guide Netherlands 2011]", Michelin, 26 November 2010.</ref>
| 42
| over 600 hotels and guest houses,<br/>700 restaurants
| 97
| 157 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Hungary|Hungary]]
! Nordic Countries
| 2023<ref>{{cite press release |title=A New Green Star Restaurant Joins The Michelin Guide Hungary 2023 selection |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/cloo52ofa004s35nj651s9ue1-20230914-pr-mg-hungary-23.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=14 September 2023}}</ref>
| 2019 Edition<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guide.michelin.com/no/news-and-views/michelin-guide-nordic-countries-2019-results/news |title=MICHELIN Guide Nordic Countries 2019 Selection |work=michelin.com}}</ref>
| 3
| 2
| 10
| 7
| 51
| 9
| 4
| 168<br/>(€35)
| 266 restaurants
| 7
|
|75 restaurants
|-
|-
! Canada<ref group=Note>As of 2024, only [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Toronto|Toronto]] and [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Vancouver|Vancouver]] are reviewed. The province of Quebec will be added in 2025.</ref>
! Spain and Portugal
| 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada MICHELIN Restaurants – The MICHELIN Guide |url=https://guide.michelin.com/en/ca/restaurants |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-US}}</ref>
|2018 Edition<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expansion.com/fueradeserie/gastro/2017/11/23/5a168708e5fdea611f8b463b.html|title=Guía Michelin 2018|last=|first=|date=|website=|accessdate=December 7, 2017|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bonviveur.es/noticias/lista-de-restaurantes-bib-gourmand-2018-las-promesas-de-la-guia-michelin|title=Lista Bib Gourmand 2018|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref>
| 11
| 1
| 25
| 23
| 177
| 24
| 2
| 253<br/>(€35 or less)
| 38
| over 1,775 hotels and guest houses,<br/>1,549 restaurants, 130 [[tapas]] bars
|
|160 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Turkey|Turkey]]
! Switzerland
|2024<ref name="IIB"/>
|2019 Edition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gaultmillau.ch/starchefs/guide-michelin-2-sterne-fur-mahler-eperon|title=Guide Michelin: 2 Sterne für Mahler & Eperon {{!}} GaultMillau – Channel|website=Gault Millau|language=de|access-date=2019-02-05}}</ref>
| 3
|1
| 20
|11
|12
| 105
|4
| 157<br/>(CHF70 or less)<ref>"[http://www.michelin.com/corporate/news/products/article?articleID=CP_GM_Suisse_2011 Michelin Stars Rain Down on Switzerland]", Michelin, 16 November 2010.</ref>
|24
| 458 hotels and guest houses,<br/>777 restaurants
|70
|106 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Argentina|Argentina]]
|2024<ref name="BMe">{{cite press release |title=Michelin Guide 2024 - Buenos Aires and Mendoza - First selection |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clrot44yc00a71am3eejd86pj-20231124-pr-michelin-guide-argentina-2024-en.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=24 November 2023}}</ref>
|1
|6
|7
|7
|7
|
|71 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Malta|Malta]]
|2024<ref>{{cite press release|title=For the first time, the Michelin Guide awards two Stars to a Maltese restaurant |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clulbeila02ta12jc2wmq7w2h-04042024-pr-michelinguide-malta2024.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=4 April 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
|1
|6
|7
|0
|5
|28
|40 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Malaysia|Malaysia]]
|2024<ref name=":M0">{{cite web | url=https://www.michelin.com/en/publications/michelin-guide-2024-kuala-lumpur-and-penang-first-two-michelin-starred-restaurant/ | title=The MICHELIN Guide &#124; Explore }}</ref>
|1
|4
|5
|2
|45
|
|77 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Poland|Poland]]
|2024<ref>{{cite web | url=https://guide.michelin.com/pl/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/the-full-list-of-michelin-star-restaurants-in-poland | title=The Full List of MICHELIN Star Restaurants in Poland &#124; Michelin }}</ref>
|1
|5
|6
|1
|16
|55
|77 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Estonia|Estonia]]
|2024<ref>{{cite news | title=Estijoje dar 4 nauji restoranai įtraukti į "Michelin" gidą – dabar jame iš viso yra 35 šios šalies restoranai | work=Delfi | date=May 21, 2024 | url=https://www.delfi.lt/maistas/produktu-apzvalgos/estijoje-dar-4-nauji-restoranai-itraukti-i-michelin-gida-dabar-jame-is-viso-yra-35-sios-salies-restoranai-120016776 | language=lt | access-date=May 22, 2024}}</ref>
|1
|1
|2
|3
|6
|27
|35 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Croatia|Croatia]]
|2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://guide.michelin.com/hr/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/the-michelin-guide-croatia-2024-is-unveiled | title=The MICHELIN Guide Croatia 2024 Is Unveiled!; Michelin }}</ref>
|1
|10
|11
|3
|11
|71
|93 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Vietnam|Vietnam]]
|2023<ref name="VN"/>
| rowspan="5" | 0
| colspan="2" |4
|0
|29
|0
|103 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Lithuania|Lithuania]]
|2024<ref>https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clxecy4ah17bq13o41640adxo-20240613-pr-michelin-guide-lithuania-2024-en.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |4
|1
|4
|26
|34 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Doha|Qatar]]
|2025<ref>https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/full-list-michelin-guide-doha-selection</ref>
| colspan="2" |2
|0
|4
|27
|33 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Latvia|Latvia]]
|2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First MICHELIN Guide Latvia Is Out! |url=https://guide.michelin.com/lv/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/the-first-michelin-guide-latvia-is-out |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-LV}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |1
|1
|3
|1
|22 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Serbia|Serbia]]
|2025<ref>https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/michelin-guide-serbia-2025-welcomes-two-new-starred-restaurants</ref>
|colspan="2" |2
|0
|2
|
|-
! Andorra<ref group="Note">Andorra is included in the Spain guide</ref>
|2024<ref name="SAN" />
| colspan="2" | 1
|0
| N/A
|N/A
|
|
| 5 restaurants
|}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
===Regions and cities===
{{dynamic list}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! City<ref name="France"/>
! City<ref name="France"/>
! Year
! Release date
! {{Michelin stars|3}}
!{{Michelin stars|3}} 3 Star
! {{Michelin stars|2}}
!{{Michelin stars|2}} 2 Star
! {{Michelin stars|1}}
!{{Michelin stars|1}} 1 Star
! {{lang|fr|Bib Gourmand}}
! Total {{Michelin stars|1}}
!Green star
! Establishments
!Bib Gourmand
!Selected Restaurant
!Establishments
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Paris|Paris]]
! Paris
|2012 Edition<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michelin.com/corporate/EN/news/products/article?articleID=NThe-2012-MICHELIN-guide-France|title=Michelin Group: news from the tyre and mobility leader - Michelin|work=michelin.com}}</ref>
|2023<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=2023 Michelin Guide Paris |url=https://guide.michelin.com/gb/en/ile-de-france/paris/restaurants |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324065928/http://www.michelin.com/corporate/EN/news/products/article?articleID=NThe-2012-MICHELIN-guide-France |archive-date=2012-03-24 |website=michelin.com}}</ref>
| 10
| 9
| 17
| 15
| 50
| 106
|130
| 70 (€35)
|
| 60 hotels, 453 restaurants<ref name="michelinus20100301">"{{cite web|url=http://vocuspr.vocus.com/vocuspr30/Newsroom/MultiQuery.aspx?SiteName=Michelin&Entity=PRAsset&SF_PRAsset_PRAssetID_EQ=535757&XSL=Release&IncludeChildren=True|title=The Michelin Guide France 2010 Selection|date=1 March 2010|publisher=Michelin North America|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031014837/http://vocuspr.vocus.com/vocuspr30/Newsroom/MultiQuery.aspx?SiteName=michelin&Entity=PRAsset&SF_PRAsset_PRAssetID_EQ=535757&XSL=Release&IncludeChildren=True|archive-date=31 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 46 (€35)
|
| 488 restaurants<ref name="michelinus20100301">{{cite web|url=http://vocuspr.vocus.com/vocuspr30/Newsroom/MultiQuery.aspx?SiteName=Michelin&Entity=PRAsset&SF_PRAsset_PRAssetID_EQ=535757&XSL=Release&IncludeChildren=True|title=The Michelin Guide France 2010 Selection|date=1 March 2010|publisher=Michelin North America|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031014837/http://vocuspr.vocus.com/vocuspr30/Newsroom/MultiQuery.aspx?SiteName=michelin&Entity=PRAsset&SF_PRAsset_PRAssetID_EQ=535757&XSL=Release&IncludeChildren=True|archive-date=31 October 2010}}</ref>
|-
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Abu Dhabi|Abu Dhabi]]
! Chicago
|2018 Edition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/dining/ct-food-michelin-stars-chicago-restaurants-1020-story.html |title=Michelin awards two stars to Smyth; 24 other Chicago restaurants honored |work=chicagotribune.com }}</ref>
|2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/a-new-michelin-star-restaurant-joins-the-michelin-guide-abu-dhabi-2024|title=A New Michelin Star Restaurant Joins The MICHELIN Guide Abu Dhabi 2024|website=MICHELIN Guide}}</ref>
|0
|0
|4
|4
|
|6
|36
|46 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Greece|Athens]]
|2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2023 Athens: 3 New One-Star Restaurants |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/michelin-guide-2023-athens-3-new-one-star-restaurants/ |website=Michelin |year=2023}}</ref>
|0
|1
|11
|12
|
|5
|
|31 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Atlanta|Atlanta]]
|2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2023 Atlanta: First Selection |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/michelin-guide-2023-atlanta-first-selection/ |website=Michelin |year=2023}}</ref>
|0
|0
|5
|5
|
|10
|
|45 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Beijing|Beijing]]
|2025<ref>https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/news-and-views/beijing-2025-starred-restaurants</ref>
|2
|4
|27
|33
|
|21
|47
|101 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Serbia|Belgrade]]
|2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2024 Belgrade: Five New Restaurants |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/publications/michelin-guide-2024-belgrade-five-new-restaurants/ |website=Michelin |year=2024}}</ref>
|0
|0
|0
|0
|
|2
|
|22 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Turkey|Bodrum]]
| 2024<ref name="IIB" />
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 2
| 4
|2
| 19
|
| 2
| 54 ([[United States dollar|$]]40)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vettel|first1=Phil|title=Michelin's Bib Gourmand awards go to 54 Chicago restaurants, with 8 newcomers|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/dining/ct-food-michelin-bib-gourmand-1013-story.html|website=Chicagotribune.com|accessdate=17 June 2018}}</ref>
|
| 400 restaurants<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michelintravel.com/shop/michelin-guide-chicago-2015/ |title=Michelin Guide Chicago 2015 - Michelin Travel & Lifestyle |work=michelintravel.com }}</ref>
| 19 restaurants
|-
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Argentina|Buenos Aires]]
! Hong Kong and Macau
|2024<ref name="BMe" />
| 2019 Edition<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/hk/en/hong-kong-macau/restaurants?max=30&sort=relevance&order=desc |title=Discover Michelin Restaurants in Hong Kong Macau Hong Kong Macau |website=guide.michelin.com}}</ref>
| 10
|0
| 17
|1
| 55
|2
|3
| 80 ([[Hong Kong Dollar|HK$]]350 or [[Macanese pataca|MOP$]]350)
|
| 297 restaurants, 61 hotels<ref name=michelin20191218>{{ja icon}} "https://guide.michelin.com/hk/en/hong-kong-macau/bib-gourmand/restaurants", Michelin Hong Kong and Macau, 18 December 2018.</ref>
|7
|
|52 restaurants
|-
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in South Korea|Busan]]
! Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Nara
| 2024<ref name="SBu">{{cite press release |title=Michelin Guide 2024 – Seoul and Busan |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clte81prt043o15o72is77qex-20240222-pr-michelin-guide-seoul-2024.pdf |publisher=Michelin |location=Paris |date=22 February 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
| 2012 Edition<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michelin.com.au/content/download/4430/204405/file/MICHELIN%2520Guide%2520Kyoto,%2520Osaka,%2520Kobe%2520and%2520Nara%25202012%2520Summary.pdf|title=Michelin news: all recent news from the Group - Michelin|author=|date=|work=michelin.com.au|accessdate=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323191118/http://www.michelin.com.au/content/download/4430/204405/file/MICHELIN%20Guide%20Kyoto,%20Osaka,%20Kobe%20and%20Nara%202012%20Summary.pdf|archive-date=23 March 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| 15
| 0
| 61
| 0
| 224
| 3
|3
| 40<br/>(coins, [[Japanese yen|¥]]5000)<ref name="michelin20101019">{{ja icon}} [http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/kyoto/ ”「ミシュランガイド京都・大阪・神戸2011」12 軒のレストランが三つ星 44軒のレストランと2軒の旅館 が二つ星 183軒のレストランと2軒の旅館が一つ星”], Michelin Japan, 19 October 2010.</ref>
|
|296 restaurants, 48 hotels, 41 [[Ryokan (Japanese inn)|ryokans]]
| 15 (₩ 45,000)
| 25
| 43 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Chengdu|Chengdu]]
! Las Vegas (suspended)
|2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2024 Chengdu: One Restaurant Awarded Two Michelin Stars |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/publications/michelin-guide-2024-chengdu-one-restaurant-awarded-two-michelin-stars/ |website=Michelin |year=2024}}</ref>
| 21 October 2008<ref>Jinae West "[http://www.lasvegassun.com/blogs/culture/2009/jun/26/michelin-bad-economy-means-no-2010-guide-las-vegas/ Michelin: Bad economy means no 2010 guide in Las Vegas], Las Vegas Sun, 26 June 2009.</ref>
|0
|2
|11
|13
|
|20
|
|69 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Chicago|Chicago]]
|2023<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chicago.eater.com/2023/11/8/23950171/michelin-restaurants-chicago-stars-bib-gourmand-2023 | title=Here Are Chicago's Michelin Star and Bib Gourmand Winners for 2023 | date=8 November 2023 }}</ref>
|2
|3
|16
|21
|
| 47 ([[United States dollar|$]]40)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Levitt |first1=Aimee |title=Michelin Announces 2022 Chicago Bib Gourmand List |url=https://chicago.eater.com/2022/4/5/23011690/michelin-2022-chicago-bib-gourmand-list |website=Eater Chicago |access-date=1 August 2022 |language=en |date=5 April 2022}}</ref>
|
| 400 restaurants<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michelintravel.com/shop/michelin-guide-chicago-2015/ |title=Michelin Guide Chicago 2015 - Michelin Travel & Lifestyle |work=michelintravel.com |access-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113183307/http://www.michelintravel.com/shop/michelin-guide-chicago-2015/ |archive-date=13 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
! California <ref group=Note>Beginning in 2019, [[List of Michelin starred restaurants in Los Angeles and Southern California|Los Angeles]] and [[List of Michelin starred restaurants in the San Francisco Bay Area|San Francisco]] areas were no longer separate publications and one guide was issued for the entire state of California.</ref>
| 2023<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/california/restaurants |title = California Michelin restaurants - the Michelin Guide United States}}</ref>
| 6
| 12
| 69
|87
|
| 143
|
| 608 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Colorado|Colorado]]
|2023<ref>{{cite web | title=Boulder, Colorado| website=MICHELIN Guide USA| url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/colorado/boulder_1261512/restaurants | access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>
|0
|0
|5
|5
|
|9
|
|44 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Doha|Doha]]
|2025<ref>https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/full-list-michelin-guide-doha-selection</ref>
|0
|0
|2
|2
|
|4
|
|33 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Dubai|Dubai]]
|2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2023 Dubai: One New Two Michelin-Star Restaurant |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/michelin-guide-2023-dubai-one-new-two-michelin-star-restaurant/ |website=Michelin |year=2023}}</ref>
| 0
| 3
| 11
|14
|
| 17
|
| 90 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Florida|Florida]]
|2024<ref>{{cite press release |title=2024 Michelin Guide awards Ceremony |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clvalyt9m0ifq12o7cpide7z9-20240418-pr-michelinguide-miamiorlandotampa2024.pdf |location=Greenville, South Carolina |publisher=Michelin |date=18 April 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 25
|26
|
| 33 ($50)
| 91
| 149 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Guangzhou|Guangzhou]]
|2024<ref>{{cite web |title=MICHELIN Guide - Guangzhou - 2024 |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clwt837d917di14hq7zfn0c2o-20240530-pr-michelinguide-guangzhou-2024.pdf |publisher=Michelin |access-date=5 June 2024 |date=30 May 2024}}</ref>
|0
|3
|17
|20
|
|44<!-- Old,need an update: (¥200){{cn}}{{Update inline|date=October 2023}}-->
|
|105 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Hangzhou|Hangzhou]]
|2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2023 Hangzhou: First Edition |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/michelin-guide-2023-hangzhou-first-edition/ |website=Michelin |year=2023}}</ref>
| 0
| 0
| 6
|6
|
| 12
|
| 51 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Vietnam|Hanoi]]
|2023<ref name="VN">"[https://guide.michelin.com/en/article/michelin-star-revelation/103-restaurants-shine-in-the-inaugural-edition-of-the-michelin-guide-hanoi-ho-chi-minh-city-including-4-michelin-stars 103 Restaurants Shine In The Inaugural Of The MICHELIN Guide Hanoi & Ho Chi Minh City, Including 4 MICHELIN Stars]", 6 June 2023</ref>
| 0
| 0
| 3
| 3
|3
|
| 13
| 13
|
|
| 127 restaurants, 30 hotels (2007)
| 48 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Vietnam|Ho Chi Minh City]]
! London
|2023<ref name="VN"/>
| 2012 Edition<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonandpartners.com/media-centre/press-releases/2011/111007-restaurants-go-for-gold-as-2012-michelin-stars-are-announced|title=Restaurants go for Gold as 2012 Michelin Stars are announced|work=londonandpartners.com}}</ref>
| 2
| 0
| 7
| 0
| 46
| 1
|1
| 45 (£28)
|
| 450 restaurants, 50 hotels
| 16
|
| 55 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Hong Kong and Macau|Hong Kong and Macau]]
| 2024<ref name="HcM">{{cite press release |title=Michelin Guide 2024 - Hong Kong & Macau |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/cltrh1k3z06bv13kchw5j6onh-20240314-pr-michelin-guide-hong-kong-2024-pr.pdf |location=Paris |publisher=Michelin |date=13 March 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
| 9
| 18
| 68
|95
|
| 77<!--Old, needs WP:V ([[Hong Kong Dollar|HK$]]350 or [[Macanese pataca|MOP$]]350)-->
| 90
| 262 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Turkey|Istanbul]]
! Los Angeles
| 3 June 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/news-and-views/michelin-guide-california-2019-results|title=MICHELIN Guide California 2019 Selection|website=MICHELIN Guide|language=en|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref>
| 2024<ref name="IIB">{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2024 Istanbul, Izmir, Bodrum: A New Michelin Sommelier Award |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/michelin-guide-2024-istanbul-izmir-bodrum-a-new-michelin-sommelier-award/ |website=Michelin |year=2024}}</ref>
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 6
| 6
| 18
|7
|
|62<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/news-and-views/michelin-guide-california-2019-bib-gourmand-selection|title=MICHELIN Guide California 2019 Bib Gourmands|website=MICHELIN Guide|language=en|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref>
| 18<!-- ([[Turkish lira|TL]]300){{cn}}{{Update inline|date=October 2023}}-->
|
|
| 77 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Turkey|İzmir]]
| 2024<ref name="IIB"/>
| 0
| 0
| 3
|3
|
| 6
|
| 15 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Taiwan|Kaohsiung]]
|2023<ref name="TT"/>
|0
|1
|2
|3
|
|27
|
|53 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Japan|Kyoto and Osaka]]
|2024<ref name="KyO">{{cite press release |title=One new Two Michelin Star and two new Michelin Green Star restaurants shine in the 15th anniversary edition of the Michelin Guide Kyoto and Osaka |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clus662fx0z7i12jcf4qpbqyc-20240409-pr-michelinguide-kyoto-osaka-2024.pdf |publisher=Michelin |location=Paris |date=9 April 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
|8
|27
|150
|185
|
|117
|138
|440 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Malaysia|Kuala Lumpur]]
|2024<ref name=":M0" />
|0
|1
|2
|3
|
|20
|
|43 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Las Vegas|Las Vegas]] (suspended)
| 2009<ref>{{cite news| title=Michelin: Bad economy means no 2010 guide in Las Vegas | newspaper=Las Vegas Sun | date=26 June 2009 | url=https://lasvegassun.com/blogs/culture/2009/jun/26/michelin-bad-economy-means-no-2010-guide-las-vegas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814234711/http://www.lasvegassun.com/blogs/culture/2009/jun/26/michelin-bad-economy-means-no-2010-guide-las-vegas/ |archive-date=14 August 2010}}</ref>
| 1
| 3
| 13
|17
|
|
|
| 140 restaurants, 32 hotels
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Greater London|London]]
| 2023<ref>{{cite web | title=Greater London| publisher=MICHELIN Guide | url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/greater-london/restaurants | access-date=6 October 2023}}</ref>
| 5
| 12
| 57
|74
|
| 34 (£28)
|
| 347 restaurants, 14 in hotels
|-
|-
! Main Cities of Europe
! Main Cities of Europe
| 17 March 2010<ref>"[http://www.michelin.com/corporate/content/newsAndPress/9943-MICHCORP-NEWS2010.pdf Michelin Guide Main Cities of Europe 2010 to go on sale on March 17]", Michelin, 16 March 2010. covering Austria (Vienna, Salzburg) – Belgium (Brussels, Antwerp) – Czech Republic (Prague) – Denmark (Copenhagen) – Finland (Helsinki) – France (Paris, Lyons, Strasbourg, Toulouse) – Germany (Berlin, Cologne, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Stuttgart) – Greece (Athens) – Hungary (Budapest) – Ireland (Dublin) – Italy (Rome, Milan, Turin, Florence) – Luxembourg (Luxembourg) – Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague) – Norway (Oslo) – Poland (Warsaw, Cracow) – Portugal (Lisbon) – Spain (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia) – Sweden (Stockholm, Gothenburg) – Switzerland (Bern, Geneva, Zurich) – United Kingdom (London, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow)</ref>
| {{sort|2010|17 March 2010}}<ref>"[http://www.michelin.com/corporate/content/newsAndPress/9943-MICHCORP-NEWS2010.pdf Michelin Guide Main Cities of Europe 2010 to go on sale on March 17] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629175217/http://www.michelin.com/corporate/content/newsAndPress/9943-MICHCORP-NEWS2010.pdf |date=29 June 2011 }}", Michelin, 16 March 2010. covering Austria (Vienna, Salzburg) – Belgium (Brussels, Antwerp) – Czech Republic (Prague) – Denmark (Copenhagen) – Finland (Helsinki) – France (Paris, Lyons, Strasbourg, Toulouse) – Germany (Berlin, Cologne, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Stuttgart) – Greece (Athens) – Hungary (Budapest) – Ireland (Dublin) – Italy (Rome, Milan, Turin, Florence) – Luxembourg (Luxembourg) – Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague) – Norway (Oslo) – Poland (Warsaw, Cracow) – Portugal (Lisbon) – Spain (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia) – Sweden (Stockholm, Gothenburg) – Switzerland (Bern, Geneva, Zurich) – United Kingdom (London, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow)</ref>
| 15
| 15
| 55
| 55
| 271
| 271
|341
|
| 231
| 231
|
| 1,715 restaurants, 1,542 hotels
| 1,715 restaurants, 1,542 hotels
|-
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Argentina|Mendoza]]
! New York City
|2024<ref name="BMe" />
| 2017 Edition<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michelin-releases-2017-edition-of-its-famed-guide-to-new-yorks-best-restaurants-300363599.html|title=Michelin Releases 2017 Edition of Its Famed Guide to New York's Best Restaurants|last=|first=|date=|publisher=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
| 6
|0
| 10
|0
| 61
|4
|4
| 132 ($40)
|
|857<ref name=":1" />
|0
|
|19 restaurants
|-
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Moscow|Moscow]] (suspended)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-04 |title=Michelin Guide suspends restaurant recommendations in Russia |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/michelin-guide-suspends-restaurant-recommendations-russia-2022-03-04/ |access-date=2023-07-16}}</ref>
! Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo
|2018 edition<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.finedininglovers.com/blog/news-trends/michelin-guide-brazil-2018/|title=Michelin Guide to Brazil 2018 – the Full List|work=Fine Dining Lovers|access-date=2018-08-24|language=en}}</ref>
|2021<ref>{{Cite web|title=Рестораны Michelin - Гид Michelin|url=https://guide.michelin.com/ru/ru/restaurants|access-date=2021-10-14|website=Michelin Guide|language=ru-RU}}</ref>
|0
|0
|3
|2
|7
|9
|
|15
|15
|
|33 ([[Brazilian real|R$]] 90) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2017/05/1882293-8-casas-boas-e-baratas-do-rio-e-de-sp-ganham-mencao-no-guia-michelin.shtml|title= 8 casas boas e baratas do Rio e de SP ganham menção no Guia Michelin|author=Flores, Magê|publisher= Folha de S. Paulo|date=2017-05-18|access-date= 2018-03-01}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|-
!Milano
! San Francisco and Bay Area
|2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2024 Milano| url=https://guide.michelin.com/it/it/lombardia/milano/ristoranti?sort=distance/ |website=Michelin |year=2024}}</ref>
|2017 Edition<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michelin-awards-coveted-three-stars-to-quince-in-2017-edition-of-famed-san-francisco-restaurant-guide-300351068.html|title=Michelin Awards Coveted Three Stars to Quince in 2017 Edition of Famed San Francisco Restaurant Guide|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
|6
| 1
| 4
| 14
|19
|
| 7
| 7
| 41
|
| 122 restaurants
| 75 ($40)<ref name=":0" />
| 513 restaurants<ref name=":0" />
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Japan|Nara Prefecture]]
! Seoul
|2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2023 Nara: Two Restaurants Are Newly Awarded One Michelin Star |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/michelin-guide-2023-nara-two-restaurants-are-newly-awarded-one-michelin-star// |website=Michelin |year=2023}}</ref>
|2018 Edition<ref>[http://guide.michelin.co.kr/en/restaurant/ Michelin Guide Seoul]</ref>
| 2
| 0
| 4
| 4
| 20
|24
|
| 18
| 18
|
| 48 ([[South Korean won|₩]]35,000 or less)<ref>[https://guide.michelin.co.kr/en/restaurant/?aw%5B%5D=23 Bib Gourmand Seoul 2017]</ref>
| 174 restaurants, 36 hotels
| 88 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in New York City|New York City]]
! Shanghai
|2019 Edition<ref>[https://guide.michelin.com/us/chicago/news-and-views/michelin-guide-shanghai-2019-results/news MICHELIN Guide Shanghai 2019 Selection], September 19, 2018.</ref>
| 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/new-york-state/new-york/restaurants|title=New York MICHELIN Restaurants - the MICHELIN Guide USA|website=MICHELIN Guide}}</ref>
| 4
| 14
| 53
|71
|
| 102 ($49)
|
|
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Malaysia|Penang]]
|2024<ref name=":M0" />
|0
|0
|2
|2
|
|25
|
|34 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Brazil|Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo]]
|2024<ref name="Br">{{cite press release |title=2024 Michelin Guide makes a bright relaunch in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clwgd2u1704vr14hpbt23713q-20240520-pr-michelin-guide-stars-rdjsp-2024.pdf |location=Rio de Janeiro |publisher=Michelin |date=20 May 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
|0
|6
|15
|21
|
|37
|82
|140 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Austria|Salzburg]]
|2023<ref name="VS" />
|0
|2
|3
|5
|
|2
|
|20 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in South Korea|Seoul]]
|2024<ref name="SBu" />
| 1
| 1
| 9
| 23
|33
|
| 57 (₩ 45,000)
| 87
| 177 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Shanghai|Shanghai]]
|2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2024 Shanghai: 5 Restaurants Receive One Michelin Star for the First Time |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/publications/michelin-guide-2024-shanghai-5-restaurants-receive-one-michelin-star-for-the-first-time/ |website=Michelin |year=2024}}</ref>
| 2
| 8
| 8
| 25
| 41
|51
| 26 ([[Renminbi|￥]]200 or less)<ref>[http://www.thatsmags.com/shanghai/post/25055/33-restaurants-awarded-michelin-stars-in-2019-shanghai-guide 34 Restaurants Awarded Michelin Stars in 2019 Shanghai Guide], September 20, 2018.</ref>
|
| TBC
| 26<!-- ([[Renminbi|¥]]300){{Update inline|date=October 2023}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/news-and-views/Michelin-guide-shanghai-2020-selection-results|url-status=live|publisher=Michelin Guide |title=Shanghai 2020 Selection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023161407/https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/illinois/chicago/article/news-and-views/Michelin-guide-shanghai-2020-selection-results|archive-date=23 October 2019|date=20 September 2019}}</ref>-->
|
| 148 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Taiwan|Taichung]]
!Singapore
|2023<ref name="TT"/>
|2017 Edition<ref>"[https://guide.michelin.sg/en/2017-MICHELIN-guide-Singapore-full-results-restaurants Singapore restaurant stalwarts, Australian and Italian cuisine celebrated in the 2017 MICHELIN guide Singapore]", Michelin Guide Singapore, 29 June 2017.</ref><ref>"[https://guide.michelin.sg/en/singapore-bib-gourmand-2017 The Results: Bib Gourmand Awards For The 2017 MICHELIN guide Singapore]", Michelin Guide Singapore, 22 June 2017.</ref>
|1
|1
|7
|0
|30
|5
|6
|38 (S$45)
|TBC
|
|31
|
|64 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Taiwan|Tainan]]
! Tokyo, Yokohama<br/>and Shonan
|2023<ref name="TT"/>
|2012 Edition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michelin.com/corporate/EN/content/newsAndPress/products_and_services/Travel%2520Services/MICHELIN-Guide-Tokyo-Yokohama-Shonan%25202012.pdf |title=Les publications Michelin pour les investisseurs institutionnels |work=michelin.com}}</ref>
| 17
|0
| 57
|0
|0
| 219
|0
| 95<br/>(coins, ¥5000)<ref name="michelin20101124">{{ja icon}} [http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/tokyo/ "「ミシュランガイド東京・横浜・鎌倉2011」を発行　三つ星が14軒、二つ星が54軒、一つ星が198軒に"], Michelin Japan, 24 November 2010.</ref>
|
| 292 restaurants, 54 hotels and 10 [[Ryokan (Japanese inn)|ryokans]]
|36
|
|56 restaurants
|-
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Taiwan|Taipei]]
!Washington, DC
|2023<ref name="TT"/>
|2020 Edition<ref>"[https://www.washingtonian.com/2019/10/01/here-are-the-2020-michelin-star-restaurants-for-dc / Here Are the 2020 Michelin Star Restaurants for DC]", Washingtonian, 1 October 2019</ref>
| 1
|2
| 2
|5
| 15
|28
|35
| 44<br/>($40)<ref name="michelinbibdc20170925">[https://www.washingtonian.com/2019/09/23/michelin-leaks-its-own-list-of-2020-dc-bib-gourmand-awards-early/ "Michelin Accidentally Leaks Its List of 2020 DC Bib Gourmand Awards Early"], Washingtonian, 23 September 2019.</ref>
|
|
|45
|
|148 restaurants
|-
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Texas|Texas]]
!Bangkok, Phuket, Phang-nga
|2020 Edition<ref>"[https://guide.michelin.com/th/en/restaurants Michelin Guide Thailand]", Michelin Guide Thailand, 12 November 2019</ref>
|2024<ref>https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/michelin-guide-texas-stars-green-stars-sustainability</ref>
| 0
|0
| 5
|0
| 24
|15
|15
| 94 <br> ([[฿]]1,000)
|
|
|44
|
|116 restaurants
|-
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Toronto|Toronto]]
!Taipei
|2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2023 Toronto: Two Restaurants Earn a Michelin Star for the First Time |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/michelin-guide-2023-toronto-two-restaurants-earn-a-michelin-star-for-the-first-time/ |website=Michelin |year=2023}}</ref>
|2019 Edition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/tw/en/taipei/restaurants |title=Discover Michelin Restaurants in Taipei Taipei |last=|first=|date=|website=guide.michelin.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref>
|0
|1
|1
|5
|14
|18
|15
|
|36 ([[NT$]]1,500 or less)
|21
|158 restaurants (2019), 25 hotels (2018)
|
|83 restaurants
|-
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Italy|Trieste]]
!Canton（Guangzhou）
|2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Michelin Guide 2024 Trieste| url=https://guide.michelin.com/en/it/friuli-venezia-giulia/trieste/restaurants?sort=distance |year=2024}}</ref>
|2018 Edition<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/tw/en/taipei/news-and-views/results-michelin-guide-guangzhou-2018/news|title=Results: The Inaugural MICHELIN Guide Guangzhou Released|last=|first=|date=|website=guide.michelin.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-28}}</ref>
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|8
|1
|
|20 (¥200 or less)
|0
|3
|20 restaurants
|-
! [[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Japan|Tokyo]]
|2024<ref>{{cite press release |title=Restaurant Harutaka is newly awarded Three MICHELIN Stars in the 2024 edition of the MICHELIN Guide Tokyo |url=https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/corporate-production/attachments/clrot672g00bg1am39ed70piv-20231205-pr-michelinguide-tokyo-2024.pdf |publisher=Michelin |year=2024}}</ref>
| 12
| 33
| 138
|183
|
| 127
| 194
| 504 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Vancouver|Vancouver]]
|2023<ref>{{cite web |title=2023 Guide Michelin Vancouver: Five More Bib Gourmands |url=https://www.michelin.com/en/documents/2023-guide-michelin-vancouver-five-more-bib-gourmands/ |website=Michelin |year=2023}}</ref>
|0
|0
|9
|9
|
|17
|
|77 restaurants
|-
![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Austria|Vienna]]
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![[List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]]
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| 122 restaurants <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://michelinmedia.com/c0/new-look-michelin-guide-ceremony-heralds-new-three-star-restaurant-chicago/ |title=Washington, D.C. Michelin Restaurants - 2023|work=michelinmedia.com |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref>
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===Non-restaurant food===
===Non-restaurant food===
In 2014, Michelin introduced a separate listing for [[gastropub]]s in Ireland.<ref>{{cite news |title=Four Clare pubs listed in 2014 Michelin Guide |url=http://www.clarechampion.ie/four-clare-pubs-listed-2014-michelin-guide/ |newspaper=Clare Champion |date=19 May 2014 |accessdate=4 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908085405/http://www.clarechampion.ie/four-clare-pubs-listed-2014-michelin-guide/ |archivedate=8 September 2015 }}</ref> In 2016, the Michelin Guide for Hong Kong and Macau introduced an overview of notable street food establishments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eater.com/2015/11/5/9674384/michelin-guide-hong-kong-street-food |title=Michelin Recognizes Street Food for the First Time in Its Hong Kong Guide |author=Adam H. Callaghan |date=5 November 2015 |work=Eater |accessdate=2 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/nov/05/michelin-includes-street-food-category-for-first-time-in-hong-kong-guide |title=Michelin includes street food for first time in Hong Kong guide |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=2 February 2016 }}</ref> Additionally in 2016, the Singapore guide introduced the first Michelin stars for street food locations, for [[Hong Kong Soya Sauce Chicken Rice and Noodle]] and [[Hill Street Tai Hwa Pork Noodle]].<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Soo|title=Singapore street food stalls get Michelin stars|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/singapore/articles/singapore-street-food-stalls-get-michelin-star/|accessdate=August 8, 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=July 25, 2016}}</ref>
In 2014, Michelin introduced a separate listing for [[gastropub]]s in Ireland.<ref>{{cite news |title=Four Clare pubs listed in 2014 Michelin Guide |url=http://www.clarechampion.ie/four-clare-pubs-listed-2014-michelin-guide/ |newspaper=Clare Champion |date=19 May 2014 |access-date=4 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908085405/http://www.clarechampion.ie/four-clare-pubs-listed-2014-michelin-guide/ |archive-date=8 September 2015 }}</ref> In 2016, the ''Michelin Guide'' for Hong Kong and Macau introduced an overview of notable street-food establishments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eater.com/2015/11/5/9674384/michelin-guide-hong-kong-street-food |title=Michelin Recognizes Street Food for the First Time in Its Hong Kong Guide |first=Adam H. |last=Callaghan |date=5 November 2015 |work=Eater |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123205046/http://www.eater.com/2015/11/5/9674384/michelin-guide-hong-kong-street-food |archive-date=23 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/nov/05/michelin-includes-street-food-category-for-first-time-in-hong-kong-guide |title=Michelin includes street food for first time in Hong Kong guide |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=5 November 2015 |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202203609/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/nov/05/michelin-includes-street-food-category-for-first-time-in-hong-kong-guide |archive-date=2 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same year, the Singapore guide introduced the first Michelin stars for street-food locations, for [[Hong Kong Soya Sauce Chicken Rice and Noodle]] and [[Hill Street Tai Hwa Pork Noodle]].<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Soo|title=Singapore street food stalls get Michelin stars|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/singapore/articles/singapore-street-food-stalls-get-michelin-star/|access-date=8 August 2016|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=25 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922233916/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/singapore/articles/singapore-street-food-stalls-get-michelin-star/|archive-date=22 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Other ratings===
===Other ratings===
All listed restaurants, regardless of their star or {{lang|fr|Bib Gourmand}} status, also receive a "fork and spoon" designation, as a subjective reflection of the overall comfort and quality of the restaurant.<ref name="michelinguide.com">[http://www.michelinguide.com/us/pdf/use_guide_2010.pdf How to Use This Guide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103233450/http://www.michelinguide.com/us/pdf/use_guide_2010.pdf |date=3 January 2011 }}, Michelin, accessed 20 May 2013</ref> Rankings range from one to five: one fork and spoon represents a "comfortable restaurant" and five signifies a "luxurious restaurant". Forks and spoons colored red designate a restaurant that is considered "pleasant" as well.
[[File:Michelin Guide "fork and spoon" red designation at Miodova Restaurant, Kraków, Poland for 2017 and 2018, in 2019.jpg|thumb|upright=1|''Michelin Guide'' "fork and spoon" red designation at Miodova Restaurant in [[Kraków]], Poland, for 2017 and 2018]]
All listed restaurants, regardless of their star, {{lang|fr|Bib Gourmand}}, or Plate status, also receive a "fork and spoon" designation, as a subjective reflection of the overall comfort and quality of the restaurant.<ref name="michelinguide.com">[http://www.michelinguide.com/us/pdf/use_guide_2010.pdf How to Use This Guide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103233450/http://www.michelinguide.com/us/pdf/use_guide_2010.pdf |date=3 January 2011 }}, Michelin, accessed 20 May 2013</ref> Rankings range from one to five: one fork and spoon represents a "comfortable restaurant" and five signifies a "luxurious restaurant".
Forks and spoons colored red designate a restaurant that is considered "pleasant" as well.


Restaurants, independently of their other ratings in the guide, can also receive a number of other symbols next to their listing.
Restaurants, independently of their other ratings in the guide, can also receive a number of other symbols next to their listing:


* ''Coins'' indicate restaurants that serve a menu for a certain price or less, depending on the local monetary standard.<ref name="michelinguide.com"/> In 2010 France, 2011 US and Japan Red Guides, the maximum permitted "coin" prices were [[€]]19, [[$]]25, and [[¥]]5000, respectively.
* ''Coins'' indicate restaurants that serve a menu for a certain price or less, depending on the local monetary standard.<ref name="michelinguide.com"/> In 2010 France, 2011 US and Japan Red Guides, the maximum permitted "coin" prices were €19, $25, and [[¥]]5000, respectively.
* ''Interesting view'' or ''Magnificent view'', designated by a black or red symbol, are given to restaurants offering those features.
* ''Interesting view'' or ''Magnificent view'', designated by a black or red symbol, are given to restaurants offering those features.
* ''Grapes'', a ''[[sake set]]'', or a ''[[cocktail glass]]'' indicate restaurants that offer, at minimum, a "somewhat interesting" selection of wines, [[sake]], or [[cocktail]]s, respectively.<ref name="michelinguide.com"/>
* ''Grapes'', a ''[[sake set]]'', or a ''[[cocktail glass]]'' indicate restaurants that offer, at minimum, a "somewhat interesting" selection of wines, [[sake]], or [[cocktail]]s, respectively.<ref name="michelinguide.com"/>


==Green Guides==
==Green Guides==
The Michelin Green Guides review and rate attractions other than restaurants. There is a Green Guide for France as a whole, and a more detailed one for each of ten regions within France. Other Green Guides cover many countries, regions, and cities outside France. Many Green Guides are published in several languages. They include background information and an alphabetical section describing points of interest. Like the Red Guides, they use a three-star system for recommending sites ranging from "worth a trip" to "worth a detour", and "interesting".{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
The ''Michelin Green Guides'' review and rate attractions other than restaurants. There is a ''Green Guide'' for France as a whole, and a more detailed one for each of ten regions within France. Other ''Green Guides'' cover many countries, regions, and cities outside France. Many ''Green Guides'' are published in several languages. They include background information and an alphabetical section describing points of interest. Like the ''Red Guides'', they use a three-star system for recommending sites, ranging from "worth a trip" to "worth a detour", and "interesting".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green guide |url=https://boutique.laventure.michelin.com/en/category-product/maps-and-guides/green-guide/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Boutique de l'Aventure Michelin |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Controversies==
==Controversies==
===Allegations of lax inspection standards and bias===
===Allegations of lax inspection standards and bias===
[[Pascal Rémy]], a veteran France-based Michelin inspector, and also a former [[Gault Millau]] employee, wrote a [[tell-all book]] published in 2004 entitled ''[[L'Inspecteur se met à table]]'' (literally, "The Inspector Sits Down at the Table"; idiomatically, "The Inspector Spills the Beans", or "The Inspector Lays It All on the Table"). Rémy's employment was terminated in December 2003 when he informed Michelin of his plans to publish his book.<ref name="sage">Sage, Adam. [http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:LTIB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=102F005B5A132BA5&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA "J'Accuse: Michelin cooks the books"], ''[[The Times]]'', 31 May 2004</ref> He brought a court case for unfair dismissal, which was unsuccessful.<ref>Henley, John. [http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:GRDC&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10700C47EDAD28E6&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA "Michelin bean-spiller loses court battle"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 15 December 2004</ref>
Pascal Rémy, a veteran France-based Michelin inspector, and also a former ''[[Gault Millau]]'' employee, wrote a [[tell-all book]], ''L'Inspecteur se met à table'' (''The Inspector Sits Down at the Table)'', published in 2004. Rémy's employment was terminated in December 2003 when he informed Michelin of his plans to publish his book.<ref name="sage">Sage, Adam. [http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:LTIB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=102F005B5A132BA5&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA "J'Accuse: Michelin cooks the books"], ''[[The Times]]'', 31 May 2004</ref> He brought a court case for unfair dismissal, which was unsuccessful.<ref>Henley, John. [http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:GRDC&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10700C47EDAD28E6&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=102CDD40F14C6BDA "Michelin bean-spiller loses court battle"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 15 December 2004</ref>


Rémy described the French Michelin inspector's life as lonely, underpaid drudgery, driving around France for weeks on end, dining alone, under intense pressure to file detailed reports on strict deadlines. He maintained that the guide had become lax in its standards. Though Michelin states that its inspectors visited all 4,000 reviewed restaurants in France every 18 months, and all starred restaurants several times a year, Rémy said only about one visit every 3½ years was possible because there were only 11 inspectors in France when he was hired, rather than the 50 or more hinted by Michelin. That number, he said, had shrunk to five by the time he was fired in December 2003.<ref name="sage"/>
Rémy described the French Michelin inspector's life as lonely, underpaid drudgery, driving around France for weeks on end, dining alone, under intense pressure to file detailed reports to strict deadlines. He maintained that the guide had become lax in its standards. Though Michelin states that its inspectors visited all 4,000 reviewed restaurants in France every 18 months, and all starred restaurants several times a year, Rémy said only about one visit every {{Fraction|3|1|2}} years was possible because there were only 11 inspectors in France when he was hired, rather than the 50 or more hinted by Michelin. That number, he said, had shrunk to five by the time he was fired in December 2003.<ref name="sage"/>


Rémy also accused the guide of favoritism. He alleged that Michelin treated famous and influential chefs, such as [[Paul Bocuse]] and [[Alain Ducasse]], as "untouchable" and not subject to the same rigorous standards as lesser-known chefs.<ref name="sage"/> Michelin denied Rémy's charges, but refused to say how many inspectors it actually employed in France. In response to Rémy's statement that certain three-star chefs were sacrosanct, Michelin said, "There would be little sense in saying a restaurant was worth three stars if it weren't true, if for no other reason than that the customer would write and tell us."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/25/dining/michelin-man-jolts-french-food-world.html?pagewanted=all "Michelin Man Jolts French Food World"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 February 2004</ref>
Rémy also accused the guide of favouritism. He alleged that Michelin treated famous and influential chefs, such as [[Paul Bocuse]] and [[Alain Ducasse]], as "untouchable" and not subject to the same rigorous standards as lesser-known chefs.<ref name="sage"/> Michelin denied Rémy's charges, but refused to say how many inspectors it actually employed in France. In response to Rémy's statement that certain three-star chefs were sacrosanct, Michelin said, "There would be little sense in saying a restaurant was worth three stars if it weren't true, if for no other reason than that the customer would write and tell us."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/25/dining/michelin-man-jolts-french-food-world.html?pagewanted=all "Michelin Man Jolts French Food World"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701030110/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/25/dining/michelin-man-jolts-french-food-world.html?pagewanted=all |date=1 July 2017 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 February 2004</ref>


====Allegations of prejudice for French cuisine====
====Allegations of prejudice favouring French cuisine====
Some non-French food critics have alleged that the rating system is biased in favor of [[French cuisine]] or French dining standards. In the UK ''[[The Guardian]]'' commented in 1997 that "some people maintain the guide's principal purpose is as a tool of Gallic cultural imperialism".<ref>"Pass Notes", ''[[The Guardian]]'', 23 January 1997, p. A3</ref> When Michelin published its first New York City Red Guide in 2005 Steven Kurutz of ''[[The New York Times]]'' noted that [[Danny Meyer]]'s [[Union Square Cafe]], a restaurant rated highly by ''The New York Times'', [[Zagat Survey]], and other prominent guides, received a no star-rating from Michelin (he did, however, acknowledge that the restaurant received positive mention for its ambiance, and that two other restaurants owned by Meyer received stars). Kurutz also claimed the guide appeared to favor restaurants that "emphasized formality and presentation" rather than a "casual approach to fine dining". He also claimed that over half of the restaurants that received one or two stars "could be considered French".<ref name="nyt1">Kurutz, Steven. [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/13/nyregion/thecity/13cafe.html "She's a Belle of the City, but the French are Blasé"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 13 November 2005</ref> The Michelin Guide New York 2007 included 526 restaurants, compared to 2,014 in Zagat New York 2007; after [[The Four Seasons Restaurant]] received no stars in that edition, co-owner [[Julian Niccolini]] said Michelin "should stay in France, and they should keep their guide there".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Ferguson|first=Priscilla Parkhurst |date=2008-02-01|title=Michelin in America |journal=Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies |volume=8|issue=1|pages=49–55|doi=10.1525/gfc.2008.8.1.49|issn=1529-3262}}</ref> The 2007 guide does, however, include menus, recipes, and photographs, and description of the atmosphere of starred restaurants.<ref name=":2" />
Some non-French food critics have alleged that the rating system is biased in favour of [[French cuisine]] or French dining standards. The UK ''[[The Guardian]]'' commented in 1997 that "some people maintain the guide's principal purpose is as a tool of Gallic cultural imperialism".<ref>"Pass Notes", ''[[The Guardian]]'', 23 January 1997, p. A3</ref> When Michelin published its first New York City Red Guide in 2005 Steven Kurutz of ''[[The New York Times]]'' noted that [[Danny Meyer]]'s [[Union Square Cafe]], a restaurant rated highly by ''The New York Times'', [[Zagat Survey]], and other prominent guides, received a no-star rating from Michelin (he did, however, acknowledge that the restaurant received positive mention for its ambiance, and that two other restaurants owned by Meyer received stars). Kurutz also said the guide appeared to favour restaurants that "emphasized formality and presentation" rather than a "casual approach to fine dining". He said over half of the restaurants that received one or two stars "could be considered French".<ref name="nyt1">Kurutz, Steven. [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/13/nyregion/thecity/13cafe.html "She's a Belle of the City, but the French are Blasé"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427115212/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/13/nyregion/thecity/13cafe.html |date=27 April 2015 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 13 November 2005</ref> The ''Michelin Guide'' New York 2007 included 526 restaurants, compared to 2,014 in Zagat New York 2007; after [[The Four Seasons Restaurant]] received no stars in that edition, co-owner [[Julian Niccolini]] said Michelin "should stay in France, and they should keep their guide there".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Ferguson|first=Priscilla Parkhurst |date=2008-02-01|title=Michelin in America |journal=Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies |volume=8|issue=1|pages=49–55|doi=10.1525/gfc.2008.8.1.49|issn=1529-3262}}</ref> The 2007 guide does, however, include menus, recipes, and photographs, and descriptions of the atmosphere of starred restaurants.<ref name=":2" />


====Allegations of leniency with stars for Japanese cuisine====
====Allegations of leniency with stars for Japanese cuisine====
In 2007 [[Tokyo]]'s restaurants were awarded with the most stars and in 2010 other Japanese cities like [[Kyoto]] and [[Osaka]] also received many stars. At the time this sparked questions from some over whether these high ratings were merited for Japanese restaurants, or whether the Michelin guide was too generous in giving out stars to gain an acceptance with Japanese customers and to enable the parent tyre-selling company to market itself in Japan. But the discrepancy is easily explained by the number of restaurants in total: Tokyo has 160,000 restaurants while for example Paris has 40,000.<ref>Robinson, Gwen. [https://www.ft.com/content/9952f580-96c4-11dc-b2da-0000779fd2ac "Michelin serves up stars and stirs envy in Japan"], ''[[The Financial Times]]'', 14 October 2009; and Robinson, Gwen. [https://www.ft.com/content/5904aba2-b811-11de-8ca9-00144feab49a "Michelin sprinkles stars on Tokyo"], ''[[The Financial Times]]'', 19 November 2007</ref><ref name="bbctokyo">{{cite news |title=Tokyo 'world's best place to eat' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8364051.stm |accessdate=13 December 2019 |publisher=BBC |date=17 November 2009}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported in 2010 that some Japanese chefs were surprised at receiving a star, and were reluctant to accept one, because the publicity caused an unmanageable jump in booking, affecting their ability to serve their traditional customers without lowering their quality.<ref>Sanchanta, Mariko, Katy Mclaughlin and Max Colchester. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303738504575568442015009552 "Michelin Stars Draw Shots"], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 25 October 2010</ref>
In 2007, [[Tokyo]]'s restaurants were awarded with the most stars and in 2010 other Japanese cities like [[Kyoto]] and [[Osaka]] also received many stars. At the time this sparked questions from some over whether these high ratings were merited for Japanese restaurants, or whether the ''Michelin Guide'' was too generous in giving out stars to gain an acceptance with Japanese customers and to enable the tyre-selling parent company to market itself in Japan. Some argued that the discrepancy is explained by the difference in total restaurants in each city: Tokyo has 160,000 restaurants while Paris, for example, has just 40,000.<ref>Robinson, Gwen. [https://www.ft.com/content/9952f580-96c4-11dc-b2da-0000779fd2ac "Michelin serves up stars and stirs envy in Japan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213152/https://www.ft.com/content/9952f580-96c4-11dc-b2da-0000779fd2ac |date=13 December 2019 }}, ''[[Financial Times]]'', 14 October 2009; and Robinson, Gwen. [https://www.ft.com/content/5904aba2-b811-11de-8ca9-00144feab49a "Michelin sprinkles stars on Tokyo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208232459/https://www.ft.com/content/5904aba2-b811-11de-8ca9-00144feab49a |date=8 December 2019 }}, ''[[Financial Times]]'', 19 November 2007</ref><ref name="bbctokyo">{{cite news |title=Tokyo 'world's best place to eat' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8364051.stm |access-date=13 December 2019 |publisher=BBC |date=17 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213146/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8364051.stm |archive-date=13 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported in 2010 that some Japanese chefs were surprised at receiving a star and were reluctant to accept one because the publicity caused an unmanageable jump in bookings, affecting their ability to serve their traditional customers without compromising on lowering the quality of their dishes.<ref>Sanchanta, Mariko, Katy Mclaughlin and Max Colchester. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303738504575568442015009552 "Michelin Stars Draw Shots"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710020319/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303738504575568442015009552 |date=10 July 2017 }}, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', 25 October 2010</ref>


===Unwanted stars===
===Unwanted stars===
Some restaurateurs have asked Michelin to revoke a star, because they felt that it created undesirable customer expectations or pressure to spend more on service and decor.<ref>{{cite journal |ssrn=2064554 |title=Expert Opinion and Quality Perception of Consumers: Evidence from New York City Restaurants |last1=Gergaud |first1=Olivier |last2=Storchmann |first2=Karl |last3=Verardi |first3=Vincenzo |date=22 May 2012 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2064554 }}</ref> Some cases:
Some restaurateurs have asked Michelin to revoke a star, because they felt that it created undesirable customer expectations<ref name="The World">{{cite news |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/why-great-chefs-reject-michelin-stars |title=Why great chefs reject Michelin stars |date=July 30, 2016 |author=Antonio Pita |work=[[The World (radio program)|The World]]}}</ref> or pressure to spend more on service and decor.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Gergaud | first1=Olivier | last2=Storchmann | first2=Karl | last3=Verardi | first3=Vincenzo | title=Expert Opinion and Quality Perception of Consumers: Evidence from New York City Restaurants | journal=SSRN Electronic Journal|date=22 May 2012| issn=1556-5068 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.2064554|doi-access=}}</ref> Notable cases include:
* {{lang|es|Casa Julio}} ({{lang|es|Fontanars dels Alforins}}, Spain): After receiving a star for a perfumed cuisine in 2009, the restaurant chef Julio Biosca felt the award was granted to dishes that he did not like and restricted his creativity, and tried to remove his star and in December 2013, discontinued his tasting menu. The removal took place in the 2015 guide.<ref name="fortune.com">{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2014/12/11/michelin-star-restaurants-down-side/|title=The curse of the Michelin-star restaurant rating |author=Ian Mount |date=11 December 2014 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/12/02/inenglish/1417521188_192723.html |title=The chef who gave up his Michelin star |date=2 December 2014 |work=[[El País]] |accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref>
* Petersham Nurseries Café (London): After receiving a star in 2011, founder and chef [[Skye Gyngell]] received complaints from customers expecting formal dining, leading to her attempt to remove the star, and subsequent retirement from the restaurant. She has now said she regrets her remarks and would welcome a star.<ref name="fortune.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/9094386/Skye-Gyngell-curse-of-the-Michelin-star-has-driven-me-out-of-the-kitchen.html |title=Skye Gyngell: curse of the Michelin star has driven me out of the kitchen |date=21 February 2012 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |accessdate=2 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/international/art/20120222/16091504 |title=摘星變詛咒　難耐食客投訴不絕 女廚棄米芝蓮榮耀 - 蘋果日報 - 兩岸國際 - 20120222 |work=Apple Daily 蘋果日報 |accessdate=2 February 2016}}</ref>
* [['t Huis van Lede]] (Belgium): After receiving a star in 2014, chef Frederick Dhooge said he did not want his Michelin star or his points in the Gault-Millau restaurant guide because some customers were not interested in simple food from a Michelin-starred restaurant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eater.com/2014/3/13/6264733/chef-in-belgium-gives-back-his-michelin-star |title=Chef in Belgium Gives Back His Michelin Star |author=Hillary Dixler |date=13 March 2014 |work=Eater |accessdate=2 February 2016 }}</ref>


* {{lang|es|Casa Julio}} ({{lang|es|Fontanars dels Alforins}}, Spain): After receiving a star for a perfumed cuisine in 2009, the restaurant chef Julio Biosca felt the award was granted to dishes that he did not like and which restricted his creativity. He tried to remove his star, and in December 2013 he discontinued his tasting menu. The removal took place in the 2015 guide.<ref name="fortune.com">{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/2014/12/11/michelin-star-restaurants-down-side/ |title=The curse of the Michelin-star restaurant rating |first=Ian |last=Mount |date=11 December 2014 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308035632/http://fortune.com/2014/12/11/michelin-star-restaurants-down-side/ |archive-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/12/02/inenglish/1417521188_192723.html |title=The chef who gave up his Michelin star |date=2 December 2014 |work=[[El País]] |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111163716/http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/12/02/inenglish/1417521188_192723.html |archive-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Notable mistakes===
* Petersham Nurseries Café (London): After receiving a star in 2011, founder and chef [[Skye Gyngell]] received complaints from customers expecting formal dining, leading to her attempt to remove the star, and her subsequent retirement from the restaurant. She has since said she regrets her remarks and would welcome a star.<ref name="fortune.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/9094386/Skye-Gyngell-curse-of-the-Michelin-star-has-driven-me-out-of-the-kitchen.html |title=Skye Gyngell: curse of the Michelin star has driven me out of the kitchen |date=21 February 2012 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111163716/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/9094386/Skye-Gyngell-curse-of-the-Michelin-star-has-driven-me-out-of-the-kitchen.html |archive-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/international/art/20120222/16091504 |title=摘星變詛咒 難耐食客投訴不絕 女廚棄米芝蓮榮耀 - 蘋果日報 - 兩岸國際 - 20120222 |work=Apple Daily 蘋果日報 |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111163716/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/international/art/20120222/16091504 |archive-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In 2017, the Bouche à Oreille café in [[Bourges]] was accidentally given a star when it was confused with a restaurant of the same name in [[Boutervilliers]], near [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/18/workmens-cafe-overwhelmed-customers-accidentally-given-michelin/ |title=Workmen's cafe overwhelmed with customers after it is accidentally awarded a Michelin star |date=18 February 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |accessdate=18 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://clubsandwich.konbini.com/news/quand-un-bistrot-de-quartier-recoit-par-erreur-une-etoile-au-michelin/ |title=Quand un bistrot de quartier reçoit par erreur une étoile au Michelin |date=17 February 2017 |work=[[Konbini (company)|Konbini]] |accessdate=20 February 2017}}</ref>
* 't Huis van Lede (Belgium): After receiving a star in 2014, chef Frederick Dhooge said he did not want his Michelin star or his points in the Gault-Millau restaurant guide because "We noticed that this is not always understood by a group of customers that expect a spectacle of stars and points kitchen" from a Michelin-starred restaurant rather than simple food.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eater.com/2014/3/13/6264733/chef-in-belgium-gives-back-his-michelin-star |title=Chef in Belgium Gives Back His Michelin Star |first=Hillary |last=Dixler |date=13 March 2014 |work=Eater |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111163716/http://www.eater.com/2014/3/13/6264733/chef-in-belgium-gives-back-his-michelin-star |archive-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dhooge complained about expectations for decor and originality: "The customers expect a parade of appetizers when the gastronomic menu starts, in a setting that, according to them, also deserves one star. Take a shrimp croquette. People expect a starred chef to give his own interpretation of that dish. I just want to make a really good shrimp croquette."<ref name="The World" />
* Chef [[Marco Pierre White]], the first British chef to be awarded three Michelin stars, quit his restaurant and returned his stars in 1999, citing the pressure of maintaining them and the resulting monotony, and questioning the competence of the inspectors who granted them.<ref name="Moskin">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/12/dining/michelin-star-restaurants-america.html |author=Julia Moskin |date=September 18, 2023 |title=Michelin's Coveted Stars Can Come With Some Costs|work=The New York Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jan/18/sp-marco-pierre-white-my-work-was-a-painkiller |title=Marco Pierre White: My work was a painkiller – it was where I hid |author=Rachel Cooke |date=17 January 2015}}</ref>

===Losing stars===
The pressure to retain Michelin stars can be immense, as the loss of a star will almost inevitably have a significant impact on business. It is widely believed that chef [[Bernard Loiseau]] committed suicide in 2003 after hearing the rumor that his three-star restaurant, [[Le Relais Bernard Loiseau|La Côte d'Or]], would be demoted to two stars.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/michelin-and-the-deaths-of-two-french-chefs |title=Michelin and the Deaths of Two French Chefs |first=Michael |last=Steinberger |date=5 February 2016 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref>

===Mistakes===
In 2017, the ''Bouche à Oreille'' café in [[Bourges]] was accidentally given a star when it was confused with a restaurant of the same name in [[Boutervilliers]], near [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/18/workmens-cafe-overwhelmed-customers-accidentally-given-michelin/ |title=Workmen's cafe overwhelmed with customers after it is accidentally awarded a Michelin star |date=18 February 2017 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218223545/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/18/workmens-cafe-overwhelmed-customers-accidentally-given-michelin/ |archive-date=18 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://clubsandwich.konbini.com/news/quand-un-bistrot-de-quartier-recoit-par-erreur-une-etoile-au-michelin/ |title=Quand un bistrot de quartier reçoit par erreur une étoile au Michelin |date=17 February 2017 |work=[[Konbini (company)|Konbini]] |access-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220173401/http://clubsandwich.konbini.com/news/quand-un-bistrot-de-quartier-recoit-par-erreur-une-etoile-au-michelin/ |archive-date=20 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Influence on cuisine and working conditions===
In the 21st century, some American chefs, restaurant owners, and officials interviewed by ''The New York Times'' criticized the guide for creating a type of sameness, rewarding expensive fine dining attributes, luxury ingredients, expensive tableware, matching uniforms, many-course menus, small bites, and meticulously arranged plating.<ref name="Moskin" /> High-quality fine dining in Western countries is labor-intensive, putting downward pressure on line chef wages. Because of their high status, Michelin-starred fine dining restaurants often rely on [[Staging (cooking)|staging]], a form of [[unpaid internship]]. At the three-star restaurant [[Noma (restaurant)|Noma]], chef-owner René Redzepi yielded to public pressure in 2022 and began paying interns. After three months, Redzepi announced the restaurant was no longer financially sustainable and that the concept would close at the end of 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/88qpjb/begging-to-work-there-for-free-fine-dining-wouldnt-exist-without-unpaid-labour |title='Begging to Work There for Free': Fine Dining Wouldn't Exist Without Unpaid Labour |author=Aleksandra Bliszczyk |work=Vice |date=January 20, 2023}}</ref> The power imbalance between chef-owners and staff has also resulted in workers at some fine-dining restaurants producing intricate dishes complaining of very long hours, difficulty affording food, physical and sexual abuse, refusal of permission to treat injuries at a hospital, and destruction of workers' personal property.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a62a96b8-2db2-44ec-ac80-67fcf83d86ef |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |title=Fine dining faces its dark truths in Copenhagen / Bold chefs turned the city into a global culinary capital. What was really happening in their kitchens? |author=Imogen West-Knights |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref>

Most chefs interviewed by ''The New York Times'' said the increase in business and job applicants that comes with the publicity around a Michelin star makes it worth seeking.<ref name="Moskin" /> Many also said the competition for stars improves restaurant quality.<ref name="Moskin" />


== See also ==
== See also ==
* {{portal-inline|Books}}
{{portal|Books|Food}}
* {{portal-inline|Food}}
* [[List of female chefs with Michelin stars]]
* [[List of female chefs with Michelin stars]]
* [[List of Michelin 3-star restaurants]]
*[[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]]
* [[Lists of Michelin-starred restaurants]]
* [[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<div style="float:left;"></div>
<div style="float:left;"></div>
{{Clear}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
Line 349: Line 1,104:
* {{Citation |publisher=Michelin and Cie |location=Clermont-Ferrand |title=Amiens before and during the war |date=1919 |oclc=887914 |ol=13521961M }}
* {{Citation |publisher=Michelin and Cie |location=Clermont-Ferrand |title=Amiens before and during the war |date=1919 |oclc=887914 |ol=13521961M }}
* {{Citation |publisher=Michelin |date=1919 |location=Milltown, N.J. |title=Michelin Guide to the Battlefields of the World War |ol = 24432211M}}
* {{Citation |publisher=Michelin |date=1919 |location=Milltown, N.J. |title=Michelin Guide to the Battlefields of the World War |ol = 24432211M}}
* {{Citation |publisher=Michelin & Cie |date=1919 |location=Clermont-Ferrand |title=Strasbourg |language=French |ol = 24638163M}}
* {{Citation |publisher=Michelin & Cie |date=1919 |location=Clermont-Ferrand |title=Strasbourg |language=fr |ol = 24638163M}}
* {{Citation |publisher=Michelin & cie |date=1921 |location=Clermont-Ferrand |title=St. Quentin-Cambrai |language=French |ol = 24786012M}}
* {{Citation |publisher=Michelin & cie |date=1921 |location=Clermont-Ferrand |title=St. Quentin-Cambrai |language=fr |ol = 24786012M}}


===Published in the 21st century===
===Published in the 21st century===
Line 358: Line 1,113:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Guide Michelin}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website}}
* [https://travelguide.michelin.com/ Michelin Travel Guides]
* [https://www.oldclassiccar.co.uk/guide-michelin-1900.htm 1900 Michelin Guide]
* [https://www.viamichelin.com/ Vía Michelin]
* [https://travelguide.michelin.com/ Michelin Travel Guides] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410215918/https://travelguide.michelin.com/ |date=10 April 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140606215830/http://www.ogushi.jp/france/ Ogushi's 3 Stars Restaurants List of France (Past & Now)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140606215830/http://www.ogushi.jp/france/ Ogushi's 3 Stars Restaurants List of France (Past & Now)]
{{Michelin Corporation|state=autocollapse}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Michelin Guide| ]]
[[Category:Michelin Guide| ]]
[[Category:Michelin brands]]
[[Category:1900 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Consumer guides]]
[[Category:Consumer guides]]
[[Category:Food and drink awards]]
[[Category:Food and drink awards]]
[[Category:Hotel guide books]]
[[Category:Hotel guide books]]
[[Category:Michelin brands]]
[[Category:Publications established in 1900]]
[[Category:Publications established in 1900]]
[[Category:Restaurant guides]]
[[Category:Restaurant guides]]

Latest revision as of 02:25, 10 January 2025

Michelin Guide
CategoriesGastronomy, tourism
FrequencyYearly
FounderÉdouard Michelin
André Michelin
First issue1900; 125 years ago (1900)
CompanyMichelin
CountryFrance
Websiteguide.michelin.com

The Michelin Guides (/ˈmɪʃəlɪn, ˈmɪtʃəlɪn/ MISH-əl-in, MITCH-əl-in; French: Guide Michelin [ɡid miʃlɛ̃]) are a series of guide books that have been published by the French tyre company Michelin since 1900.[1] The Guide awards up to three Michelin stars for excellence to a select few restaurants in certain geographic areas. Michelin also publishes the Green Guides, a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries.

History

[edit]
The first Michelin Guide, published in 1900
The 1911 Michelin Guide for the British Isles

In 1900, there were fewer than 3,000 cars on the roads of France. To increase the demand for cars and, accordingly, car tyre, the car tyre manufacturers and brothers Édouard and André Michelin published a guide for French motorists, the Guide Michelin (Michelin Guide).[2] Nearly 35,000 copies of this first, free edition were distributed. It provided information to motorists such as maps, tyre repair and replacement instructions, car mechanics listings, hotels, and petrol stations throughout France.

In 1904, the brothers published a guide for Belgium,[3] and then for Algeria and Tunisia (1907); the Alps and the Rhine (northern Italy, Switzerland, Bavaria, and the Netherlands) (1908); Germany, Spain, and Portugal (1910); the British Isles (1911); and "The Countries of the Sun" (Les Pays du Soleil) (Northern Africa, Southern Italy and Corsica) (1911). In 1909, an English-language version of the guide to France was published.[4]

During World War I, publication of the guide was suspended. After the war, revised editions of the guide continued to be given away until 1920. It is said that André Michelin, while visiting a tyre merchant, noticed copies of the guide being used to prop up a workbench. Based on the principle that "man only truly respects what he pays for", Michelin decided to charge for the guide, about 7.50 francs or US$2.15 in 1922.[5] They also made several changes, notably listing restaurants by specific categories, adding hotel listings (initially only for Paris), and removing advertisements.[3] Recognizing the growing popularity of the restaurant section, the brothers recruited a team of anonymous inspectors to visit and review restaurants.[6]

Following the usage of the Murray's and Baedeker guides, the guide began to award stars for restaurants in 1926. Initially, there was only a single star awarded. Then, in 1931, the hierarchy of zero, one, two, and three stars was introduced. Finally, in 1936, the criteria for the rankings were published:[3]

  • 1 star : "A very good restaurant in its category" (Une très bonne table dans sa catégorie)
  • 2 stars : "Excellent cooking, worth a detour" (Table excellente, mérite un détour)
  • 3 stars : "Exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey" (Une des meilleures tables, vaut le voyage).[6]

In 1931 the cover was changed from blue to red and has remained so in all subsequent editions.[6] During World War II, publication was again suspended. In 1944, at the request of the Allied Forces, the 1939 guide to France was specially reprinted for military use; its maps were judged the best and most up-to-date available. Publication of the annual guide resumed on 16 May 1945, a week after VE Day.[3]

In the early post-war years, the lingering effects of wartime shortages led Michelin to impose an upper limit of two stars; by 1950 the French edition listed 38 establishments judged to meet this standard.[7] The first Michelin Guide for Italy was published in 1956. It awarded no stars in the first edition. In 1974, the first guide to Britain since 1931 was published. Twenty-five stars were awarded.[8]

In 2005, Michelin published its first American guide, covering 500 restaurants in the five boroughs of New York City and 50 hotels in Manhattan. In 2007, a Tokyo guide was launched. In the same year, the guide introduced a magazine, Étoile. In 2008, a Hong Kong and Macau volume was added.[3] As of 2013, the guide is published in 14 editions covering 23 countries.[3]

In 2008, the German restaurateur Juliane Caspar was appointed the first woman and first non-French national editor-in-chief of the French edition of the guide. She had previously been responsible for the Michelin guides to Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The German newspaper Die Welt commented on the appointment, "In view of the fact German cuisine is regarded as a lethal weapon in most parts of France, this decision is like Mercedes announcing that its new director of product development is a Martian."[9][10]

The Korea Tourism Organization commissioned Michelin to include South Korea in its 2016 edition at a cost of 3.2 billion won (over US$1 million), but government officials were unhappy with resulting inaccuracies such as typos, translation errors, and description errors regarding seating options.[11] In 2017, the Tourism Authority of Thailand agreed to pay 144 million Thai baht (US$4.4 million) over five years for the inclusion of their country.[12]

In 2022, the guide expanded to Canada, with guides covering Toronto[13] and Vancouver[14] in return for undisclosed payments from each city's local chapter of Destination Canada.[15][16]

The guide announced its first list of restaurants in the US state of Florida on 9 June 2022, after the state and city tourism boards in Miami, Orlando, and Tampa, agreed to collectively pay the company up to US$1.5 million.[17][18] The guide awarded a single two-star ranking and fourteen one-star rankings, and 29 Bib Gourmands.[19][20]

In late 2022, the guide expanded to Vietnam, Malaysia, Estonia, and the United Arab Emirates in return for undisclosed payments.[21][22]

In February 2023, the Israeli Tourism Ministry announced a bid to bring the Michelin guide to their country in return for a payment of €1.5 million.[23][21]

In 2023, the guide expanded to several cities in Colorado (Aspen, Beaver Creek Resort, Boulder, Denver, Snowmass Village, and Vail) that paid between US$70,000 and US$100,000 on top of a state contribution; other cities (Aurora, Colorado Springs, Fort Collins, and Grand Junction) declined to participate.[24][25] In September 2023 the Michelin Guide also expanded to Atlanta, in return for a payment of US$1 million over three years.[26][27]

In the early 2020s, Michelin began requiring certain countries which had previously received reviews to pay for continued coverage. Hungary, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic agreed to do so.[28][29]

Transition to digital publication

[edit]

2021 marked the end of printed copies of the Michelin Guide. After 121 years, Michelin transitioned to digital publication and released a proprietary app. This allowed Michelin to distribute the guide to a larger audience at no charge.[30] However, as of 2024, a handful of popular regions, France, Italy, Japan and Spain, remain in printed publication.[31]

Methods and layout

[edit]
Dishes made by Michelin-starred restaurants

Red Guides have historically listed many more restaurants than rival guides, relying on an extensive system of symbols to describe each one in as little as two lines. Reviews of starred restaurants also include two to three culinary specialties. Short summaries (2–3 lines) were added in 2002/2003 to enhance descriptions of many establishments. These summaries are written in the language of the country for which the guide is published (though the Spain and Portugal volume is in Spanish only) but the symbols are the same throughout all editions.[32]

Stars

[edit]
See also: List of Michelin 3-star restaurants

Michelin inspectors (reviewers) visit restaurants anonymously, and they award one, two, or three stars for those considered at least very good:

  • 1 star : "High-quality cooking, worth a stop" (Cuisine de qualité, mérite une halte)
  • 2 stars : "Excellent cooking, worth a detour" (Cuisine excellente, mérite un détour)
  • 3 stars : "Exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey" (Une des meilleures cuisines, vaut le voyage).[6]

Inspectors' meals and expenses are paid for by Michelin, never by a restaurant being reviewed:

Michelin has gone to extraordinary lengths to maintain the anonymity of its inspectors. Many of the company's top executives have never met an inspector; inspectors themselves are advised not to disclose their line of work, even to their parents (who might be tempted to boast about it); and, in all the years that it has been putting out the guide, Michelin has refused to allow its inspectors to speak to journalists. The inspectors write reports that are distilled, in annual "stars meetings" at the guide's various national offices, into the ranking of three stars, two stars, or one star—or no stars (establishments that Michelin deems unworthy of a visit are not included in the guide).[33]

The French chef Paul Bocuse, one of the pioneers of nouvelle cuisine in the 1960s, said, "Michelin is the only guide that counts."[34] In France, when the guide is published each year, it sparks a media frenzy which has been compared to that for annual Academy Awards for films.[33] Media and others debate likely winners, speculation is rife, and TV and newspapers discuss which restaurant might lose and which might gain a Michelin star.[35][36][37][38]

The Michelin Guide also awards "Rising Stars", an indication that a restaurant has the potential to qualify for a star, or an additional star.[39]

Green stars

[edit]
Green star symbol

In 2020, the Michelin Guide launched a sustainability emblem to symbolise excellence in sustainable gastronomy.[40] An establishment awarded this green star is given space on the Guide's website for the chef to describe the restaurant's vision.[40]

Bib Gourmand

[edit]

Since 1997,[41] the guide has also highlighted restaurants offering "exceptionally good food at moderate prices", a feature now called "Bib Gourmand". They must offer a combination of menu items priced below a maximum determined by local economic standards. For example, in Canada a Bib Gourmand restaurant must be able to offer a two-course meal and either dessert or a glass of wine for less than $60 CAD per person.[42] Bib (Bibendum) is the company's nickname for the Michelin Man, its corporate logo for over a century.[43] Like Michelin stars, a restaurant can gain or lose a Bib Gourmand designation at Michelin's annual award ceremony for the region where it operates.[44]

The Plate

[edit]

In 2016, a new symbol, the Plate, was added to recognize restaurants that "simply serve good food".[45]

Keys, for hotels

[edit]

Michelin plans on awarding "keys" to hotels starting in 2024. Michelin states that the key award will "distinguish exceptional establishments led by teams with unique forms of knowledge" and that awards will be given after stays conducted anonymously by Michelin Guide selection teams.[46][47]

Guides

[edit]

Countries

[edit]

Note: the information below is based on the number listed on Michelin Guide official website, up to May 21, 2024.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Country/Region[48] Year 3 Michelin stars Stars 2 Michelin stars Stars 1 Michelin star Star Total 1 Michelin star Green star Bib Gourmand Selected Restaurant Establishments
France 2024[49] 30 75 534 639 93 392 N/A almost 3000 restaurants
Japan 2023[50] 23 82 442 547 28 492[51] 1,501 restaurants
Spain 2024[52] 15 32 224 271 49 229 766 1,266 restaurants
Italy 2024[53] 13 40 342 395 58 257 1,986 restaurants
United States[Note 1] 2023[54] 13 33 177 223 29 374
($49)[55] 		1,509 restaurants
Germany 2024[56] 10 50 280 340 77 199 N/A N/A
Great Britain and Ireland[Note 2] 2024[57] 9 27 170 206 32 127 N/A 1,162 restaurants
Nordic Countries[Note 3] 2024[58] 6 13 66 85 36 37 N/A 268 restaurants
Switzerland 2023[59][60] 4 26 108 138 31 125
(CHF70)[61] 		458 hotels and guest houses,
777 restaurants
China (mainland)[Note 4] 2024[62] 5 15 102 122 4 130 233 485 restaurants
Singapore 2024[63] 3 6 42 51 2 81 151 283 restaurants
Taiwan 2023[64][65] 3 6 35 44 11 139 321 restaurants
Belgium and Luxembourg 2024[66] 2 23 128 153 12 131 N/A 792 restaurants
Netherlands 2023[67] 2 20 103 125 15 98 (€39)[68] 504 restaurants
Austria 2023[69] 1 6 8 15 2 9 77 restaurants[70]
Slovenia 2023[71] 1 1 7 9 8 7 59 restaurants
South Korea 2024[72] 1 9 26 57 87 177 restaurants
Portugal 2024[73] 0 8 31 39 5 32 96 167 restaurants
Thailand 2024[74] 7 28 35 4 196 447 restaurants
Brazil 2024[75] 6 15 21 3 37 82 140 restaurants
Mexico 2024[76] 2 16 18 8 42 97 157 restaurants
Hungary 2023[77] 2 7 9 4 7 75 restaurants
Canada[Note 5] 2023[78] 1 23 24 2 38 160 restaurants
Turkey 2024[79] 1 11 12 4 24 70 106 restaurants
Argentina 2024[80] 1 6 7 7 7 71 restaurants
Malta 2024[81] 1 6 7 0 5 28 40 restaurants
Malaysia 2024[82] 1 4 5 2 45 77 restaurants
Poland 2024[83] 1 5 6 1 16 55 77 restaurants
Estonia 2024[84] 1 1 2 3 6 27 35 restaurants
Croatia 2023[85] 1 10 11 3 11 71 93 restaurants
Vietnam 2023[86] 0 4 0 29 0 103 restaurants
Lithuania 2024[87] 4 1 4 26 34 restaurants
Qatar 2025[88] 2 0 4 27 33 restaurants
Latvia 2024[89] 1 1 3 1 22 restaurants
Serbia 2025[90] 2 0 2
Andorra[Note 6] 2024[52] 1 0 N/A N/A 5 restaurants

Regions and cities

[edit]
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
City[48] Year 3 Michelin stars 3 Star 2 Michelin stars 2 Star 1 Michelin star 1 Star Total 1 Michelin star Green star Bib Gourmand Selected Restaurant Establishments
Paris 2023[91] 9 15 106 130 46 (€35) 488 restaurants[92]
Abu Dhabi 2024[93] 0 0 4 4 6 36 46 restaurants
Athens 2023[94] 0 1 11 12 5 31 restaurants
Atlanta 2023[95] 0 0 5 5 10 45 restaurants
Beijing 2025[96] 2 4 27 33 21 47 101 restaurants
Belgrade 2024[97] 0 0 0 0 2 22 restaurants
Bodrum 2024[79] 0 0 2 2 2 19 restaurants
Buenos Aires 2024[80] 0 1 2 3 7 52 restaurants
Busan 2024[72] 0 0 3 3 15 (₩ 45,000) 25 43 restaurants
Chengdu 2024[98] 0 2 11 13 20 69 restaurants
Chicago 2023[99] 2 3 16 21 47 ($40)[100] 400 restaurants[101]
California [Note 7] 2023[102] 6 12 69 87 143 608 restaurants
Colorado 2023[103] 0 0 5 5 9 44 restaurants
Doha 2025[104] 0 0 2 2 4 33 restaurants
Dubai 2023[105] 0 3 11 14 17 90 restaurants
Florida 2024[106] 0 1 25 26 33 ($50) 91 149 restaurants
Guangzhou 2024[107] 0 3 17 20 44 105 restaurants
Hangzhou 2023[108] 0 0 6 6 12 51 restaurants
Hanoi 2023[86] 0 0 3 3 13 48 restaurants
Ho Chi Minh City 2023[86] 0 0 1 1 16 55 restaurants
Hong Kong and Macau 2024[109] 9 18 68 95 77 90 262 restaurants
Istanbul 2024[79] 0 1 6 7 18 77 restaurants
İzmir 2024[79] 0 0 3 3 6 15 restaurants
Kaohsiung 2023[65] 0 1 2 3 27 53 restaurants
Kyoto and Osaka 2024[110] 8 27 150 185 117 138 440 restaurants
Kuala Lumpur 2024[82] 0 1 2 3 20 43 restaurants
Las Vegas (suspended) 2009[111] 1 3 13 17 140 restaurants, 32 hotels
London 2023[112] 5 12 57 74 34 (£28) 347 restaurants, 14 in hotels
Main Cities of Europe 17 March 2010[113] 15 55 271 341 231 1,715 restaurants, 1,542 hotels
Mendoza 2024[80] 0 0 4 4 0 19 restaurants
Moscow (suspended)[114] 2021[115] 0 2 7 9 15
Milano 2024[116] 1 4 14 19 7 122 restaurants
Nara Prefecture 2023[117] 0 4 20 24 18 88 restaurants
New York City 2023[118] 4 14 53 71 102 ($49)
Penang 2024[82] 0 0 2 2 25 34 restaurants
Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo 2024[75] 0 6 15 21 37 82 140 restaurants
Salzburg 2023[70] 0 2 3 5 2 20 restaurants
Seoul 2024[72] 1 9 23 33 57 (₩ 45,000) 87 177 restaurants
Shanghai 2024[119] 2 8 41 51 26 148 restaurants
Taichung 2023[65] 1 0 5 6 31 64 restaurants
Tainan 2023[65] 0 0 0 0 36 56 restaurants
Taipei 2023[65] 2 5 28 35 45 148 restaurants
Texas 2024[120] 0 0 15 15 44 116 restaurants
Toronto 2023[121] 0 1 14 15 21 83 restaurants
Trieste 2024[122] 0 1 0 1 0 3 20 restaurants
Tokyo 2024[123] 12 33 138 183 127 194 504 restaurants
Vancouver 2023[124] 0 0 9 9 17 77 restaurants
Vienna 2023[70] 1 4 5 10 7 57 restaurants
Washington, D.C. 2023[125] 1 3 21 25 29
($40) 		122 restaurants [126]

Non-restaurant food

[edit]

In 2014, Michelin introduced a separate listing for gastropubs in Ireland.[127] In 2016, the Michelin Guide for Hong Kong and Macau introduced an overview of notable street-food establishments.[128][129] In the same year, the Singapore guide introduced the first Michelin stars for street-food locations, for Hong Kong Soya Sauce Chicken Rice and Noodle and Hill Street Tai Hwa Pork Noodle.[130]

Other ratings

[edit]
Michelin Guide "fork and spoon" red designation at Miodova Restaurant in Kraków, Poland, for 2017 and 2018

All listed restaurants, regardless of their star, Bib Gourmand, or Plate status, also receive a "fork and spoon" designation, as a subjective reflection of the overall comfort and quality of the restaurant.[131] Rankings range from one to five: one fork and spoon represents a "comfortable restaurant" and five signifies a "luxurious restaurant". Forks and spoons colored red designate a restaurant that is considered "pleasant" as well.

Restaurants, independently of their other ratings in the guide, can also receive a number of other symbols next to their listing:

  • Coins indicate restaurants that serve a menu for a certain price or less, depending on the local monetary standard.[131] In 2010 France, 2011 US and Japan Red Guides, the maximum permitted "coin" prices were €19, $25, and ¥5000, respectively.
  • Interesting view or Magnificent view, designated by a black or red symbol, are given to restaurants offering those features.
  • Grapes, a sake set, or a cocktail glass indicate restaurants that offer, at minimum, a "somewhat interesting" selection of wines, sake, or cocktails, respectively.[131]

Green Guides

[edit]

The Michelin Green Guides review and rate attractions other than restaurants. There is a Green Guide for France as a whole, and a more detailed one for each of ten regions within France. Other Green Guides cover many countries, regions, and cities outside France. Many Green Guides are published in several languages. They include background information and an alphabetical section describing points of interest. Like the Red Guides, they use a three-star system for recommending sites, ranging from "worth a trip" to "worth a detour", and "interesting".[132]

Controversies

[edit]

Allegations of lax inspection standards and bias

[edit]

Pascal Rémy, a veteran France-based Michelin inspector, and also a former Gault Millau employee, wrote a tell-all book, L'Inspecteur se met à table (The Inspector Sits Down at the Table), published in 2004. Rémy's employment was terminated in December 2003 when he informed Michelin of his plans to publish his book.[133] He brought a court case for unfair dismissal, which was unsuccessful.[134]

Rémy described the French Michelin inspector's life as lonely, underpaid drudgery, driving around France for weeks on end, dining alone, under intense pressure to file detailed reports to strict deadlines. He maintained that the guide had become lax in its standards. Though Michelin states that its inspectors visited all 4,000 reviewed restaurants in France every 18 months, and all starred restaurants several times a year, Rémy said only about one visit every 3+1⁄2 years was possible because there were only 11 inspectors in France when he was hired, rather than the 50 or more hinted by Michelin. That number, he said, had shrunk to five by the time he was fired in December 2003.[133]

Rémy also accused the guide of favouritism. He alleged that Michelin treated famous and influential chefs, such as Paul Bocuse and Alain Ducasse, as "untouchable" and not subject to the same rigorous standards as lesser-known chefs.[133] Michelin denied Rémy's charges, but refused to say how many inspectors it actually employed in France. In response to Rémy's statement that certain three-star chefs were sacrosanct, Michelin said, "There would be little sense in saying a restaurant was worth three stars if it weren't true, if for no other reason than that the customer would write and tell us."[135]

Allegations of prejudice favouring French cuisine

[edit]

Some non-French food critics have alleged that the rating system is biased in favour of French cuisine or French dining standards. The UK The Guardian commented in 1997 that "some people maintain the guide's principal purpose is as a tool of Gallic cultural imperialism".[136] When Michelin published its first New York City Red Guide in 2005 Steven Kurutz of The New York Times noted that Danny Meyer's Union Square Cafe, a restaurant rated highly by The New York Times, Zagat Survey, and other prominent guides, received a no-star rating from Michelin (he did, however, acknowledge that the restaurant received positive mention for its ambiance, and that two other restaurants owned by Meyer received stars). Kurutz also said the guide appeared to favour restaurants that "emphasized formality and presentation" rather than a "casual approach to fine dining". He said over half of the restaurants that received one or two stars "could be considered French".[137] The Michelin Guide New York 2007 included 526 restaurants, compared to 2,014 in Zagat New York 2007; after The Four Seasons Restaurant received no stars in that edition, co-owner Julian Niccolini said Michelin "should stay in France, and they should keep their guide there".[138] The 2007 guide does, however, include menus, recipes, and photographs, and descriptions of the atmosphere of starred restaurants.[138]

Allegations of leniency with stars for Japanese cuisine

[edit]

In 2007, Tokyo's restaurants were awarded with the most stars and in 2010 other Japanese cities like Kyoto and Osaka also received many stars. At the time this sparked questions from some over whether these high ratings were merited for Japanese restaurants, or whether the Michelin Guide was too generous in giving out stars to gain an acceptance with Japanese customers and to enable the tyre-selling parent company to market itself in Japan. Some argued that the discrepancy is explained by the difference in total restaurants in each city: Tokyo has 160,000 restaurants while Paris, for example, has just 40,000.[139][140] The Wall Street Journal reported in 2010 that some Japanese chefs were surprised at receiving a star and were reluctant to accept one because the publicity caused an unmanageable jump in bookings, affecting their ability to serve their traditional customers without compromising on lowering the quality of their dishes.[141]

Unwanted stars

[edit]

Some restaurateurs have asked Michelin to revoke a star, because they felt that it created undesirable customer expectations[142] or pressure to spend more on service and decor.[143] Notable cases include:

  • Casa Julio (Fontanars dels Alforins, Spain): After receiving a star for a perfumed cuisine in 2009, the restaurant chef Julio Biosca felt the award was granted to dishes that he did not like and which restricted his creativity. He tried to remove his star, and in December 2013 he discontinued his tasting menu. The removal took place in the 2015 guide.[144][145]
  • Petersham Nurseries Café (London): After receiving a star in 2011, founder and chef Skye Gyngell received complaints from customers expecting formal dining, leading to her attempt to remove the star, and her subsequent retirement from the restaurant. She has since said she regrets her remarks and would welcome a star.[144][146][147]
  • 't Huis van Lede (Belgium): After receiving a star in 2014, chef Frederick Dhooge said he did not want his Michelin star or his points in the Gault-Millau restaurant guide because "We noticed that this is not always understood by a group of customers that expect a spectacle of stars and points kitchen" from a Michelin-starred restaurant rather than simple food.[148] Dhooge complained about expectations for decor and originality: "The customers expect a parade of appetizers when the gastronomic menu starts, in a setting that, according to them, also deserves one star. Take a shrimp croquette. People expect a starred chef to give his own interpretation of that dish. I just want to make a really good shrimp croquette."[142]
  • Chef Marco Pierre White, the first British chef to be awarded three Michelin stars, quit his restaurant and returned his stars in 1999, citing the pressure of maintaining them and the resulting monotony, and questioning the competence of the inspectors who granted them.[149][150]

Losing stars

[edit]

The pressure to retain Michelin stars can be immense, as the loss of a star will almost inevitably have a significant impact on business. It is widely believed that chef Bernard Loiseau committed suicide in 2003 after hearing the rumor that his three-star restaurant, La Côte d'Or, would be demoted to two stars.[151]

Mistakes

[edit]

In 2017, the Bouche à Oreille café in Bourges was accidentally given a star when it was confused with a restaurant of the same name in Boutervilliers, near Paris.[152][153]

Influence on cuisine and working conditions

[edit]

In the 21st century, some American chefs, restaurant owners, and officials interviewed by The New York Times criticized the guide for creating a type of sameness, rewarding expensive fine dining attributes, luxury ingredients, expensive tableware, matching uniforms, many-course menus, small bites, and meticulously arranged plating.[149] High-quality fine dining in Western countries is labor-intensive, putting downward pressure on line chef wages. Because of their high status, Michelin-starred fine dining restaurants often rely on staging, a form of unpaid internship. At the three-star restaurant Noma, chef-owner René Redzepi yielded to public pressure in 2022 and began paying interns. After three months, Redzepi announced the restaurant was no longer financially sustainable and that the concept would close at the end of 2024.[154] The power imbalance between chef-owners and staff has also resulted in workers at some fine-dining restaurants producing intricate dishes complaining of very long hours, difficulty affording food, physical and sexual abuse, refusal of permission to treat injuries at a hospital, and destruction of workers' personal property.[155]

Most chefs interviewed by The New York Times said the increase in business and job applicants that comes with the publicity around a Michelin star makes it worth seeking.[149] Many also said the competition for stars improves restaurant quality.[149]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Only select states and cities are reviewed in the U.S. As of 2024, only Atlanta, the state of California ( Northern California & Southern California), Chicago, select cities in Colorado, select cities in Florida, New York City, select cities in Texas, and Washington, D.C. are reviewed. Each region would have its own separate guide
  2. ^ England, Scotland, and Wales have separate articles. Northern Ireland is combined with the Republic of Ireland in one article for all of Ireland.
  3. ^ Nordic Countries consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
  4. ^ Only select regions and cities are reviewed in mainland China. As of 2024, only Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, and Shanghai are reviewed. Each region would have its own separate guide
  5. ^ As of 2024, only Toronto and Vancouver are reviewed. The province of Quebec will be added in 2025.
  6. ^ Andorra is included in the Spain guide
  7. ^ Beginning in 2019, Los Angeles and San Francisco areas were no longer separate publications and one guide was issued for the entire state of California.

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[edit]
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Further reading

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Published in the 20th century

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  • Michelin Guide to the British Isles, London: Michelin Tyre Company, 1913, OL 14022740M (+ List of excursions)
  • Amiens before and during the war, Clermont-Ferrand: Michelin and Cie, 1919, OCLC 887914, OL 13521961M
  • Michelin Guide to the Battlefields of the World War, Milltown, N.J.: Michelin, 1919, OL 24432211M
  • Strasbourg (in French), Clermont-Ferrand: Michelin & Cie, 1919, OL 24638163M
  • St. Quentin-Cambrai (in French), Clermont-Ferrand: Michelin & cie, 1921, OL 24786012M

Published in the 21st century

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  • Trois étoiles au Michelin: Une histoire de la haute gastronomie française et européenne, by Jean-François Mesplède and Alain Ducasse, 2004. ISBN 2-7000-2468-0. Follows the 60-odd chefs who have been awarded three stars.
  • The Perfectionist: Life and Death in Haute Cuisine, by Rudolph Chelminski, 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102193-5. The story of Bernard Loiseau.
  • From behind the wall: Danish Newspaper Berlingske Employee 'Awards'
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