Jump to content

1st millennium: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Adding local short description: "Millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000", overriding Wikidata description "millennium" (Shortdesc helper)
Capitalisation, word order
 
(95 intermediate revisions by 65 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000}}
{{Short description|Millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000}}
{{Millenniumbox|1}}
{{Millenniumbox|1}}
<imagemap>File:1st millennium montage.png|From left, clockwise: Depiction of [[Jesus]], the central figure in [[Christianity]]; The [[Colosseum]], a landmark of the once-mighty [[Roman Empire]]; [[Gunpowder]] is invented during the latter part of the millennium, in [[China]]; [[Chess]], a new board game, becomes popular around the globe; The [[Western Roman Empire]] falls, ushering in the [[Early Middle Ages]]; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in AD 79; [[Attila the Hun]], leader of the [[Huns#Unified Empire under Attila|Hunnic Empire]], which takes most of [[Eastern Europe]] (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from [[Teotihuacan]], National Museum of Anthropology, [[Mexico City]])|400px|thumb
<imagemap>File:1st millennium montage.png|From top left, clockwise: Depiction of [[Jesus]], the central figure in [[Christianity]]; The [[Colosseum]], a landmark of the once-mighty [[Roman Empire]]; [[Kaaba]], the [[Great Mosque of Mecca]], the holiest site of [[Islam]]; [[Chess]], a new board game, becomes popular around the globe; The [[Western Roman Empire]] falls, ushering in the [[Early Middle Ages]]; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in AD 79; [[Attila the Hun]], leader of the [[Hun Empire|Hunnic Empire]], which takes most of [[Eastern Europe]] (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from [[Teotihuacan]], National Museum of Anthropology, [[Mexico City]])|400px|thumb
rect 9 6 182 173 [[Jesus Christ]]
rect 9 6 182 173 [[Jesus Christ]]
rect 192 5 411 169 [[Roman Empire]]
rect 192 5 411 169 [[Roman Empire]]
rect 420 16 560 101 [[Gunpowder]]
rect 420 16 560 101 [[Great Mosque of Mecca]]
rect 416 112 561 212 [[Chess]]
rect 416 112 561 212 [[Chess]]
rect 13 189 171 356 [[Attila the Hun]]
rect 13 189 171 356 [[Attila the Hun]]
rect 184 177 308 346 [[mount Vesuvius]]
rect 184 177 308 346 [[Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD]]
rect 313 222 559 352 [[Early Middle Ages]]
rect 313 222 559 352 [[Early Middle Ages]]
rect 1 1 566 394 [[Aztec Empire]]
rect 1 1 566 394 [[Teotihuacan]]
rect 1 1 566 394 [[Pilate's court]]
rect 1 1 566 394 [[Pilate's court]]
</imagemap>
</imagemap>

The '''first millennium''' of the [[anno Domini]] or [[Common Era]] was a [[millennium]] spanning the years [[AD 1|1]] to [[AD 1000|1000]] ([[1st century|1st]] to [[10th century|10th]] centuries; in astronomy: [[Julian day|JD]] {{val|1721425.5|fmt=gaps}} &ndash; {{val|2086667.5|fmt=gaps}}<ref>[https://keisan.casio.com/exec/system/1227779487 Julian Day Number from Date Calculator (casio.com)]</ref>). [[World population estimates|World population]] rose more slowly than during the [[1st millennium BC|preceding millennium]], from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.<ref name=HYDE2011>Klein Goldewijk, K. , A. Beusen, M. de Vos and G. van Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced land use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73-86. {{doi|10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x}} ([http://themasites.pbl.nl/tridion/en/themasites/hyde/download/index-2.html pbl.nl]).
[[File:World in 1 CE.png|thumb|400px|Map of the world in 1 AD, at the beginning of the new millennium.]]

The '''first millennium''' of the [[anno Domini]] or [[Common Era]] was a [[millennium]] spanning the years [[AD 1|1]] to [[AD 1000|1000]] ([[1st century|1st]] to [[10th century|10th]] centuries; in astronomy: [[Julian day|JD]] {{val|1721425.5|fmt=gaps}} &ndash; {{val|2086667.5|fmt=gaps}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://keisan.casio.com/exec/system/1227779487|title=Julian Day Number from Date Calculator|website=keisan.casio.com }}</ref>). The [[World population estimates|world population]] rose more slowly than during the [[1st millennium BC|preceding millennium]], from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.<ref name="HYDE2011">Klein Goldewijk, K. , A. Beusen, M. de Vos and G. van Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced land use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73-86. {{doi|10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x}} ([http://themasites.pbl.nl/tridion/en/themasites/hyde/download/index-2.html pbl.nl]).
Goldewijk et al. (2011) estimate 188 million as of the year 1, citing a literature range of 170 million (low) to 300 million (high).
Goldewijk et al. (2011) estimate 188 million as of the year 1, citing a literature range of 170 million (low) to 300 million (high).
Out of the estimated 188 million, 116 million are estimated for Asia ([[East Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[Central Asia]], excluding [[Western Asia]]),
Out of the estimated 188 million, 116 million are estimated for Asia ([[East Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[Central Asia]], excluding [[Western Asia]]),
44 million for Europe and the [[Near East]], 15 million for Africa (including [[Egypt (Roman province)|Roman Egypt]] and [[Africa (Roman province)|Roman North Africa]]), 12 million for [[Mesoamerica]] and South America. North America and Oceania were at or below one million.
44 million for Europe and the [[Near East]], 15 million for Africa (including [[Egypt (Roman province)|Roman Egypt]] and [[Africa (Roman province)|Roman North Africa]]), 12 million for [[Mesoamerica]] and South America. North America and Oceania were at or below one million.
For 1000, they estimate the world population at 295 million .
For 1000, they estimate the world population at 295 million.
[https://geo.public.data.uu.nl/vault-hyde-data/HYDE%203.1%5B1655214378%5D/original/supplementary.zip]</ref>
[ftp://ftp.pbl.nl/hyde/hyde3.1/supplementary/population/][ftp://ftp.pbl.nl/hyde/hyde3.1/supplementary/population/figure_1a.jpg]
</ref>

In Western Eurasia ([[Europe]] and [[Near East]]), the first millennium was a time of great transition from [[Classical Antiquity]] to the [[Middle Ages]]. The 1st century saw the peak of the [[Roman Empire]], followed by its gradual decline during the period of [[Late Antiquity]], the rise of [[Christianity]] and the [[Migration Period|Great Migrations]]. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the [[Early Middle Ages]] in Europe, and marked by the [[Viking Age|Viking expansion]] in the west, the rise of the [[Byzantine Empire]] in the east.

[[Islam]] expanded rapidly from [[Arabia]] to western Asia, India, North Africa and the [[Iberian peninsula]], culminating in the [[Islamic Golden Age]] (700–1200).


In [[East Asia]], the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the [[spread of Buddhism]] to East Asia. In [[History of China|China]], the [[Han dynasty]] is replaced by the [[Jin dynasty (265–420)|Jin dynasty]] and later the [[Tang dynasty]] until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]]. In [[History of Japan|Japan]], a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The [[Kofun period#Yamato court|Yamato court]] was established.
In Western Eurasia ([[Europe]] and [[Near East]]), the first millennium was a time of great transition from [[Classical Antiquity]] to the [[Middle Ages]]. The 1st century saw the peak of the [[Roman Empire]], followed by its gradual decline during the period of [[Late Antiquity]], the rise of [[Christianity]] and the [[Migration Period|Great Migrations]]. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the [[Early Middle Ages]] in Europe, and marked by the [[Viking Age|Viking expansion]] in the west, and the continuation of the [[Byzantine Empire]] (Eastern Roman Empire) in the east.


In [[East Asia]], the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the [[spread of Buddhism]] to East Asia. In [[History of China|China]], the [[Han dynasty]] is replaced by the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin dynasty]] and later the [[Tang dynasty]] until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]]. In [[History of Japan|Japan]], a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The [[Kofun period#Yamato court|Yamato court]] was established. The North [[Indian subcontinent]] was divided among [[Middle kingdoms of India|numerous kingdoms]] throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the [[Gupta Empire]]. [[Islam]] expanded rapidly from [[Arabia]] to western Asia, India, North Africa and the [[Iberian Peninsula]], culminating in the [[Islamic Golden Age]] (700–1200).
In [[South Asia]], the [[Indian subcontinent]] was divided among [[Middle kingdoms of India|numerous kingdoms]] throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the [[Gupta Empire]].


In [[Mesoamerica]], the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the [[Mesoamerican chronology|Classic Era]] (200–900). [[Teotihuacan]] grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In [[South America]], pre-Incan, [[Moche (culture)|coastal]] [[Nazca|cultures]] flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world.
In [[Mesoamerica]], the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the [[Mesoamerican chronology|Classic Era]] (200–900). [[Teotihuacan]] grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In [[South America]], pre-Incan, [[Moche (culture)|coastal]] [[Nazca|cultures]] flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world.
In [[North America]], the [[Mississippian culture]] rose at the end of the millennium in the [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] and [[Ohio River|Ohio]] river valleys. Numerous cities were built; [[Cahokia]], the largest, was based in present-day [[Illinois]]. The construction of [[Monks Mound]] at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.
In [[North America]], the [[Mississippian culture]] rose at the end of the millennium in the [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] and [[Ohio River|Ohio]] river valleys. Numerous cities were built; [[Cahokia]], the largest, was based in present-day [[Illinois]]. The construction of [[Monks Mound]] at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.


In [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], the [[Bantu expansion]] reaches [[Southern Africa]] by about the 5th century.
In [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], the [[Bantu expansion]] reaches [[Southern Africa]] by about the 5th century.
The [[Arab slave trade]] spans the [[Sahara]] and the [[Swahili coast]] by the 9th century.
The [[trans Saharan slave trade]] spans the [[Sahara]] and the [[Swahili coast]] by the 9th century.


==Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties==
==Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties==
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Kingdoms and civilizations of the 1st millennium AD'''
|+'''Kingdoms and civilizations of the 1st millennium AD'''
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
Line 48: Line 46:
*[[Rashidun Caliphate]] (632–661)
*[[Rashidun Caliphate]] (632–661)
*[[Umayyad Caliphate]] (661–750)
*[[Umayyad Caliphate]] (661–750)
*[[Abbasid Caliphate]] (750–1258)
*[[Abbasid Caliphate]] (750–1258)
*[[Idrisid dynasty]] (788–974)
*[[Idrisid dynasty]] (788–974)
*[[Fatimid Caliphate]] (909–1171)
*[[Fatimid Caliphate]] (909–1171)


;East Africa
;East Africa
*[[Himyarite Kingdom]] (110 BC–940)
*[[Himyarite Kingdom]] (110 BC – 940)
*[[Kingdom of Aksum]] (c. 100–940)
*[[Kingdom of Aksum]] ({{Circa|100}}–940)
*[[Christian Nubia]] (c. 350–1500)
*[[Christian Nubia]] ({{Circa|350}}–1500)
*[[Harla Kingdom]] (after {{Circa|500}})
*[[Savanna Pastoral Neolithic]] (before c. 700)
*[[Savanna Pastoral Neolithic]] (before {{Circa|700}})
*[[Bantu expansion]]
*[[Bantu expansion]]
*[[Iron metallurgy in Africa|Pastoral Iron Age]] (after c. 700)
*[[Iron metallurgy in Africa|Pastoral Iron Age]] (after {{Circa|700}})
*[[Sultanate of Mogadishu]] (after {{Circa|800}})
* [[Sultanate of Showa]] (896–1286)


;Sahara / West Africa
;Sahara / West Africa
*[[Pastoral Neolithic]]
*[[Pastoral Neolithic]]
*[[Ghana Empire]] (790–1240)
*[[Ghana Empire]] (3rd century–1240)
*[[Kanem Empire]] (c. 700–)
*[[Kanem Empire]] ({{Circa|700}}–)
*[[Kingdom of Nri]] (948–)
*[[Kingdom of Nri]] (948–)


Line 69: Line 70:
*[[Bantu expansion]]
*[[Bantu expansion]]
*[[Late Stone Age]] rock art:
*[[Late Stone Age]] rock art:
**[[Bidzar]] (Cameroon)
**[[Bidzar]] (Cameroon)
**[[Matobo National Park]] rock art (Zimbabwe)
**[[Matobo National Park]] rock art (Zimbabwe)
**[[Nyero rock paintings]] (Uganda)
**[[Nyero rock paintings]] (Uganda)
Line 75: Line 76:
|<!--Asia / Oceania-->
|<!--Asia / Oceania-->
;West Asia
;West Asia
*[[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] (331 BC–AD 428)
*[[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] (331 BC – AD 428)
*[[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Iberia]] (302 BC–AD 580)
*[[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Iberia]] (302 BC – AD 580)
*[[Parthian Empire]] (247 BC–AD 224)
*[[Parthian Empire]] (247 BC – AD 224)
*[[Roman Empire|Roman]]/[[Byzantine Empire]] (31 BC&ndash;1453)
*[[Roman Empire|Roman]]/[[Byzantine Empire]] (27 BC – 1453)
*[[Sassanid Empire]] (226–651)
*[[Sassanid Empire]] (226–651)
*[[Principality of Iberia]] (588–888)
*[[Principality of Iberia]] (588–888)
*[[Rashidun Caliphate]] (632–661)
*[[Rashidun Caliphate]] (632–661)
*[[Umayyad Caliphate]] (661–750)
*[[Umayyad Caliphate]] (661–750)
*[[Abbasid Caliphate]] (750–1258)
*[[Abbasid Caliphate]] (750–1258)
*[[Principality of Tao-Klarjeti]] (813–1008)
*[[Principality of Tao-Klarjeti]] (813–1008)
;East Asia
;East Asia
*[[Han dynasty]] (206 BC – AD 220)
*[[Han dynasty]] (206 BC – AD 220)
*[[Goguryeo]] (37 BC – AD 668)
*[[Goguryeo]] (37 BC – AD 668)
*[[Buyeo kingdom|Buyeo]] (150 BC - AD 494)
*[[Buyeo kingdom|Buyeo]] (150 BC - AD 494)
*[[Baekje]] (18 BC - AD 660)
*[[Baekje]] (18 BC - AD 660)
*[[Silla]] (57 BC - AD 935)
*[[Silla]] (57 BC - AD 935)
*[[Jin dynasty (265–420)|Jin dynasty]] (265–420)
*[[Jin dynasty (266–420)]]
*[[Three Kingdoms]] (220–280)
*[[Three Kingdoms]] (220–280)
*[[Sixteen Kingdoms]] (304–439)
*[[Sixteen Kingdoms]] (304–439)
*[[Northern and Southern dynasties]] (420–589)
*[[Northern and Southern dynasties]] (420–589)
*[[Sui dynasty]] (581–618)
*[[Sui dynasty]] (581–618)
*[[Tang dynasty]] (618–907)
*[[Tang dynasty]] (618–907)
*[[Balhae]] (698–926)
*[[Balhae]] (698–926)
*[[Liao dynasty]] (907–1125)
*[[Liao dynasty]] (907–1125)
Line 108: Line 109:
*[[Kushan Empire]] (30–375)
*[[Kushan Empire]] (30–375)
*[[Xianbei state]] ([[Mongols]]) (–234)
*[[Xianbei state]] ([[Mongols]]) (–234)
*[[Hephthalite Empire]] (440s–670)
*[[Hephthalite Empire]] (440s–670)
*[[Rouran Khaganate]] (330–555)
*[[Rouran Khaganate]] (330–555)
*[[Yenisei Kyrgyz]] (539–1219)
*[[Yenisei Kyrgyz]] (539–1219)
*[[Turkic Khaganate]] (552–744)
*[[Göktürks]] (552–744)
*[[Tibetan Empire]] (618–842)
*[[Tibetan Empire]] (618–842)
*[[Volga Bulgaria]] (660-1240)
*[[Volga Bulgaria]] (660-1240)
*[[Muslim conquest of Transoxiana]] (673–751)
*[[Muslim conquest of Transoxiana]] (673–751)
*[[Uyghur Khaganate]] (744–840)
*[[Uyghur Khaganate]] (744–840)
Line 120: Line 121:


;South Asia
;South Asia
*[[Indo-Scythians]] (c. 150 BC–400)
*[[Indo-Scythians]] ({{circa|150 BC}} – 400)
*[[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]] (12 BC–130)
*[[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]] (12 BC – 130)
*[[Kushan Empire]] (30–375)
*[[Kushan Empire]] (30–375)
*[[Gupta Empire]] (280–590)
*[[Gupta Empire]] (280–590)
Line 127: Line 128:
*[[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] (500–647)
*[[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] (500–647)
*[[Maukhari dynasty]] (550–800)
*[[Maukhari dynasty]] (550–800)
*[[Kalachuri dynasty]] (550–625)
*[[Kalachuris of Mahishmati|Kalachuri dynasty]] (550–625)
*[[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Guptas]] (590–700)
*[[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Guptas]] (590–700)
*[[Rashtrakuta dynasty]] (753–982)
*[[Rashtrakuta dynasty]] (753–982)
Line 142: Line 143:
|<!--Europe-->
|<!--Europe-->
;Southeastern Europe
;Southeastern Europe
*[[Roman Empire|Roman]]/[[Byzantine Empire]] (31 BC–1453) <!--Exarchate of Ravenna, Catepanate of Italy-->
*[[Roman Empire|Roman]]/[[Byzantine Empire]] (27 BC – 1453) <!--Exarchate of Ravenna, Catepanate of Italy-->
*[[ Slavic invasion of the Balkans|Slavic expansion]] (500–800)
*[[ Slavic invasion of the Balkans|Slavic expansion]] (500–800)
*[[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] (682–1018)
*[[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] (682–1018)
;Italy
;Italy
*[[Roman Empire]] (31 BC&ndash;480)
*[[Roman Empire]] (27 BC – 480)
*[[Byzantine Empire]] (584&ndash;1071) <!--Exarchate of Ravenna, Catepanate of Italy-->
*[[Byzantine Empire]] (584–1071) <!--Exarchate of Ravenna, Catepanate of Italy-->
*[[Kingdom of the Lombards]] (568–774)
*[[Kingdom of the Lombards]] (568–774)
*[[Republic of Venice]] (697-)
*[[Republic of Venice]] (697-)
*[[Carolingian Empire]] (751-843)
*[[Carolingian Empire]] (751-843)
*[[Papal States]] (754-)
*[[Papal States]] (754–)
*[[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Holy Roman Empire]] (962-)
*[[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Holy Roman Empire]] (962–1806)


;Iberia
;Iberia
*[[Roman Empire]] (31 BC&ndash;480)
*[[Roman Empire]] (27 BC – 480)
*[[Kingdom of the Suebi]] (409–585)
*[[Kingdom of the Suebi]] (409–585)
*[[Visigothic Kingdom]] (418–720)
*[[Visigothic Kingdom]] (418–720)
Line 163: Line 164:


;Western / Central Europe
;Western / Central Europe
*[[Migration Period|Germanic expansion]] (c. 100 BC – AD 400)
*[[Migration Period|Germanic expansion]] ({{Circa|100}} BC – AD 400)
*[[Roman Empire]] (31 BC&ndash;480)
*[[Roman Empire]] (27 BC – 480)
*[[History of Ireland (400–800)|Early Christian Ireland]] (400–800)
*[[History of Ireland (400–800)|Early Christian Ireland]] (400–800)
*[[Sub-Roman Britain]] (410-597)
*[[Sub-Roman Britain]] (410-597)
*[[Anglo-Saxon England]] (c. 500–1066)
*[[Anglo-Saxon England]] ({{Circa|500}}–1066)
*[[Merovingian dynasty|Francia]] (511–751)
*[[Merovingian dynasty|Francia]] (511–751)
*[[Duchy of Bavaria]] (555–)
*[[Duchy of Bavaria]] (555–)
Line 177: Line 178:
*[[Duchy of Bohemia]] (870–1198)
*[[Duchy of Bohemia]] (870–1198)
*[[Principality of Hungary]] (895-1000)
*[[Principality of Hungary]] (895-1000)
*[[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]] (925-)
*[[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]] (925–)
*[[Kingdom of England]] (927-)
*[[Kingdom of England]] (927–)
*[[Holy Roman Empire]] (962-)
*[[Holy Roman Empire]] (962–1806)
*[[Capetian France]] (987-)
*[[Capetian France]] (987–)


;Eastern Europe
;Eastern Europe
*[[Sarmatia]] (c. 467 BC– AD 370)
*[[Sarmatia]] ({{Circa|467 BC}} – AD 370)
*[[Bosporan Kingdom]] (438 BC –AD 370)
*[[Bosporan Kingdom]] (438 BC – AD 370)
*[[Roman Crimea]] (47 BC–AD 340)
*[[Roman Crimea]] (47 BC – AD 340)
*[[Goths]] (c. 200–370)
*[[Goths]] ({{circa|200}}–370)
*[[Alans]] (c. 200–370)
*[[Alans]] ({{circa|200}}–370)
*[[Hunnic Empire]] (370s–469)
*[[Hunnic Empire]] (370s–469)
*[[Turkic Khaganate]] (6th century)
*[[First Turkic Khaganate]] (6th century)
*[[Avar Khaganate]] (567–after 822)
*[[Avar Khaganate]] (567 – after 822)
*[[Khazar Khaganate]] (650–969)
*[[Khazar Khaganate]] (650–969)
*[[Volga Bulgaria]] (660-1240)
*[[Volga Bulgaria]] (660-1240)
*[[Kievan Rus']] (882–1240)
*[[Kievan Rus']] (882–1240)


Line 200: Line 201:
*[[Viking Age]] (790–1066)
*[[Viking Age]] (790–1066)
*[[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Kingdom of Norway]] (872–)
*[[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Kingdom of Norway]] (872–)



|<!--Americas-->
|<!--Americas-->
Line 207: Line 207:
*[[Maya civilization]] (250–900)
*[[Maya civilization]] (250–900)
*[[Teotihuacan]] (550–)
*[[Teotihuacan]] (550–)
*[[Toltec]] (c. 900–1168)
*[[Toltec]] ({{Circa|900}}–1168)
*[[Teuchitlan tradition|Teuchitlan]]
*[[Teuchitlan tradition|Teuchitlan]]
*[[Calakmul|Kaan Kingdom]]
*[[Calakmul|Kaan Kingdom]]


;South America
;South America
*[[Lima culture]] (c. 100–650)
*[[Lima culture]] ({{Circa|100|650}})
*[[Moche culture]] (c. 100–700)
*[[Moche culture]] ({{Circa|100}}–700)
*[[Tiwanaku empire]] (c. 300–1150)
*[[Tiwanaku empire]] ({{Circa|300}}–1150)
*[[Wari culture]] (c. 500–1000)
*[[Wari culture]] ({{Circa|500}}–1000)
*[[Kingdom of Quito|Cara culture]] (c. 800–)
*[[Kingdom of Quito|Cara culture]] ({{Circa|800}} – ?)
*[[Tairona]] (c. 900–)
*[[Tairona]] ({{Circa|900}} – ?)


;North America
;North America
Line 225: Line 225:
**[[Plum Bayou culture]]
**[[Plum Bayou culture]]
**[[Troyville culture]]
**[[Troyville culture]]
*[[Mississippian culture]] (c. 800–)
*[[Mississippian culture]] ({{Circa|800}}–1600)
*[[Dorset culture]]
*[[Dorset culture]]
*[[Thule people|Thule tradition]]
*[[Thule people|Thule tradition]]
*[[Eastern Settlement|Norse Greendland]] (985)
*[[Eastern Settlement|Norse Greendland]] (985 – 15th century)


|}
|}


==Events==
==Events==
''The events in this section are organized according to the [[United Nations geoscheme]]''
''The events in this section are organized according to the [[United Nations geoscheme]]''
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Events and trends of the 1st millennium AD
|+Events and trends of the 1st millennium AD
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
Line 243: Line 241:
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! [[1st century]]<!-- from 1 to 100-->
! [[1st century]]<!-- from 1 to 100-->
|<!--1st century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[AD 70]]''' [[Amanikhatashan|Kandake Amanikhatashan]] sends Kushite cavalry to aid Roman Emperor in Jerusalem revolt<ref>Jr Ph D Grant Bishop Williams(2009). Abraham's Other Sons. AuthorHouse: pp. 50,51. {{ISBN|9781438997094}}</ref><br>'''[[AD 100]]''' rise of the [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] <br>'''[[AD 100]]''' Khoekhoe reach southern coast of Africa<ref>Ehret, Christopher (2002). The Civilizations of Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, p. 177, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref>
|<!--1st century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[AD 70]]''' [[Amanikhatashan|Kandake Amanikhatashan]] sends Kushite cavalry to aid Roman Emperor in Jerusalem revolt<ref>Jr Ph D Grant Bishop Williams(2009). Abraham's Other Sons. AuthorHouse: pp. 50,51. {{ISBN|9781438997094}}</ref><br>'''[[AD 100]]''' rise of the [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] <br>'''[[AD 100]]''' Khoekhoe reach southern coast of Africa<ref>Ehret, Christopher (2002). The Civilizations of Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, p. 177, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref>
|<!--1st century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 1]]''' [[Cahuachi]] established<ref name=Americas200>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of the Americas 200 BC - AD 600 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/200BC-AD600 |accessdate=2009-04-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227042137/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/200BC-AD600 |archivedate=2009-02-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[AD 50]]''' [[Pyramid of the Sun]] began<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--1st century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 1]]''' [[Cahuachi]] established<ref name=Americas200>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of the Americas 200 BC - AD 600 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/200BC-AD600 |access-date=2009-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227042137/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/200BC-AD600 |archive-date=2009-02-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[AD 50]]''' [[Pyramid of the Sun]] began<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--1st century ASIA (limit three)--> '''[[AD 25]]''' [[Han Dynasty]] reestablished under [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu]]<br>'''[[AD 33]]''' [[History of early Christianity|Christianity begins]] <br>'''[[AD 70]]''' [[Jewish diaspora]]<br>
|<!--1st century ASIA (limit three)--> '''[[AD 25]]''' [[Han Dynasty]] reestablished under [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu]]<br>'''[[AD 33]]''' [[early Christianity|Christianity begins]] <br>'''[[AD 70]]''' [[Jewish diaspora]]<br>
|<!--1st century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[AD 9]]''' Rhine established as boundary between Rome and Germany<ref name=europe200>{{cite web|title=World Timeline of Europe 200 BC-AD 400 Roman |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/200BC-AD400 |accessdate=2009-04-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313034346/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/200BC-AD400 |archivedate=2009-03-13 |url-status=live }}</ref><br>'''[[AD 47]]''' [[Roman London|London]] founded<br>'''[[AD 58]]''' Alpes Cottiae becomes a Roman province<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[AD 79]]''' [[Pompeii|Pompeii destroyed]]
|<!--1st century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[AD 9]]''' Rhine established as boundary between Rome and Germany<ref name=europe200>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of Europe 200 BC-AD 400 Roman |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/200BC-AD400 |access-date=2009-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313034346/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/200BC-AD400 |archive-date=2009-03-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[AD 47]]''' [[Roman London|London]] founded<br>'''[[AD 58]]''' Alpes Cottiae becomes a Roman province<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[AD 79]]''' [[Pompeii|Pompeii destroyed]]
|<!--1st century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 1]]''' [[Caroline Islands|Caroline Islands colonized]]<ref name=oceania1500>{{cite web|title=World Timeline of the Oceania 1500 BC-AD 1 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/1500BC-AD1 |accessdate=2009-04-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121015652/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/1500BC-AD1 |archivedate=2008-11-21 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|<!--1st century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 1]]''' [[Caroline Islands|Caroline Islands colonized]]<ref name=oceania1500>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of the Oceania 1500 BC-AD 1 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/1500BC-AD1 |access-date=2009-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121015652/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/1500BC-AD1 |archive-date=2008-11-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[2nd century]] <!-- from 101 to 200-->
![[2nd century]] <!-- from 101 to 200-->
|<!--2nd Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[150]]''' Rhapta, hint of pre-[[Swahili people|Swahili]], [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]<br> '''[[200]]''' [[Bantu expansion|Bantu reach east Africa]]<ref name=africa332>{{cite web|title=World Timeline of Africa 332 BC-AD 400 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/332BC-AD400 |accessdate=2009-04-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224122826/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/332BC-AD400 |archivedate=2009-02-24 |url-status=live }}</ref><br>'''[[200]]''' [[Nok culture]] ends
|<!--2nd Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[AD 150|150]]''' Rhapta, hint of pre-[[Swahili people|Swahili]], [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]<br> '''[[200]]''' [[Bantu expansion|Bantu reach east Africa]]<ref name=africa332>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of Africa 332 BC-AD 400 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/332BC-AD400 |access-date=2009-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224122826/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/332BC-AD400 |archive-date=2009-02-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[200]]''' [[Nok culture]] ends
|<!--2nd Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[150]]''' [[Cahuachi]] becomes dominant ceremonial site in southern Peru<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--2nd Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 150|150]]''' [[Cahuachi]] becomes dominant ceremonial site in southern Peru<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--2nd Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[184]]''' [[Yellow Turban Rebellion]]
|<!--2nd Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[184]]''' [[Yellow Turban Rebellion]]
|<!--2nd Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[106]]''' Dacia becomes a Roman province<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[166]]''' Siege of Aquileia<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[180]]''' End of the Macromannic Wars<ref name = europe200/>
|<!--2nd Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[AD 106|106]]''' Dacia becomes a Roman province<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[166]]''' Siege of Aquileia<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[180]]''' End of the Macromannic Wars<ref name = europe200/>
|<!--2nd Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|<!--2nd Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
Line 264: Line 262:
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[3rd century]] <!-- from 201 to 300-->
![[3rd century]] <!-- from 201 to 300-->
|<!--3rd Century AFRICA (limit three) --> '''[[212]]''' Egyptians granted Roman citizenship<ref name = africa332/><br>'''[[230]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] wars with [[Himyar]] and [[Sabaean|Saba]] alliance<br>'''[[300]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] prints own coins
|<!--3rd Century AFRICA (limit three) --> '''[[212]]''' Egyptians granted Roman citizenship<ref name = africa332/><br>'''[[230]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] wars with [[Himyar]] and [[Sabaeans|Saba]] alliance<br>'''[[300]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] prints own coins
|<!--3rd Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[250]]''' Rise of [[Laguna de los Cerros]]<br>'''[[292]]''' [[Mesoamerican Long Count calendar|Stela 29 inscribed]]<ref name = Americas200 /><br>'''[[300]]''' Tikàl conquers El Mirador<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--3rd Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[250]]''' Rise of [[Laguna de los Cerros]]<br>'''[[292]]''' [[Mesoamerican Long Count calendar|Stela 29 inscribed]]<ref name = Americas200 /><br>'''[[300]]''' Tikàl conquers El Mirador<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--3rd Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[208]]''' [[Battle of Red Cliffs]] during the [[end of the Han Dynasty|decline of the Han Dynasty]]<br>'''[[280]]''' [[Conquest of Wu by Jin|Jin reunifies China]]
|<!--3rd Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[208]]''' [[Battle of Red Cliffs]] during the [[End of the Han dynasty|decline of the Han dynasty]]<br>'''[[280]]''' [[Conquest of Wu by Jin|Jin reunifies China]]
|<!--3rd Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[212]]''' Roman citizenship extended to all free people in the empire<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[214]]''' Hispania divided into Gallaecia, Tarraconensis, Baetica and Lusitania<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[286]]''' Diocletian divides the empire East and West<ref name = europe200/>
|<!--3rd Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[212]]''' Roman citizenship extended to all free people in the empire<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[214]]''' Hispania divided into Gallaecia, Tarraconensis, Baetica and Lusitania<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[286]]''' Diocletian divides the empire East and West<ref name = europe200/>
|<!--3rd Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[300]]''' [[Tahiti|Eastern Polynesian culture develops]]<ref name = oceania1>{{cite web | title = World Timeline of Oceania AD 1-1100 | publisher = The British Museum | year = 2005 | url = http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/AD1-1100 | accessdate = 2009-04-02}}</ref>
|<!--3rd Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[300]]''' [[Tahiti|Eastern Polynesian culture develops]]<ref name = oceania1>{{cite web | title = World Timeline of Oceania AD 1-1100 | publisher = The British Museum | year = 2005 | url = http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/AD1-1100 | access-date = 2009-04-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090529171108/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/AD1-1100 | archive-date = 2009-05-29 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[4th century]] <!-- from 301 to 400-->
![[4th century]] <!-- from 301 to 400-->
|<!--4th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[333]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] converts to Christianity<br> '''[[350]]''' [[Meroe|Meroe comes to an end ]]<ref name = africa332/><br> '''[[350]]''' King of Anwar, Kaja Maja
|<!--4th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[333]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] converts to Christianity<br> '''[[350]]''' [[Meroe|Meroe comes to an end ]]<ref name = africa332/><br> '''[[350]]''' King of Anwar, Kaja Maja
|<!--4th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[378]]''' [[Teotihuacan]] conquers [[El Perú (Maya site)|Waka]], [[Tikal]], and [[Uaxactun]], the beginning of its conquest of the [[Maya civilization|Maya]]<ref name="ngm.nationalgeographic.com">http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2007/08/maya-rise-fall/gugliotta-text</ref>
|<!--4th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[378]]''' [[Teotihuacan]] conquers [[El Perú (Maya site)|Waka]], [[Tikal]], and [[Uaxactun]], the beginning of its conquest of the [[Maya civilization|Maya]]<ref name="ngm.nationalgeographic.com">{{Cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2007/08/maya-rise-fall/gugliotta-text|title = National Geographic Magazine}}</ref>
|<!--4th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[319]]''' Rise of [[Gupta Empire]] in South Asia<br>'''[[383]]''' [[Battle of Fei River]]<br>'''[[393]]''' Last [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic Games]]
|<!--4th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[319]]''' Rise of [[Gupta Empire]] in South Asia<br>'''[[AD 383|383]]''' [[Battle of Fei River]]<br>'''[[393]]''' Last [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic Games]]
|<!--4th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->
|<!--4th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->
'''[[313]]''' [[Edict of Milan]]<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[370]]''' Huns invade Eastern Europe<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[396]]''' Alaric and the Visigoths invade Greece<ref name = europe200/>
'''[[313]]''' [[Edict of Milan]]<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[370]]''' Huns invade Eastern Europe<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[396]]''' Alaric and the Visigoths invade Greece<ref name = europe200/>
|<!--4th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|<!--4th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
Line 286: Line 284:
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[5th century]] <!-- from 401 to 500-->
![[5th century]] <!-- from 401 to 500-->
|<!--5th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[401]]''' c. camel main transport for trans-Sahara <br>'''[[429]]''' [[Vandals#Kingdom in North Africa|Vandal invasion]]<ref name = africa332/><br>'''[[AD 500|500]]''' [[Nubia]] split into [[Nobadia]], [[Makuria]], [[Alodia]]
|<!--5th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[401]]''' c. camel main transport for trans-Sahara <br>'''[[429]]''' [[Vandals#Kingdom in North Africa|Vandal invasion]]<ref name = africa332/><br>'''[[AD 500|500]]''' [[Nubia]] split into [[Nobadia]], [[Makuria]], [[Alodia]]
|<!--5th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|<!--5th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|<!--5th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 420|420]]''' [[Southern and Northern Dynasties]] period begins
|<!--5th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 420|420]]''' [[Northern and Southern dynasties]] period begins
|<!--5th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[407]]''' Vandals enter Iberia<ref name=europe400>{{cite web|title=World Timeline of Europe AD 400-800 Early medieval |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/AD400-800 |accessdate=2009-04-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227014820/http://worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/AD400-800 |archivedate=27 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[421]]''' Romans defeat Persians<ref name = europe400/><br>'''[[476]]''' [[Decline of the Roman Empire|Fall of Roman Empire]]<ref name = europe400/>
|<!--5th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[407]]''' Vandals enter Iberia<ref name=europe400>{{cite web|title=World Timeline of Europe AD 400-800 Early medieval |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/AD400-800 |access-date=2009-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227014820/http://worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/AD400-800 |archive-date=27 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[421]]''' Romans defeat Persians<ref name = europe400/><br>'''[[476]]''' [[Decline of the Roman Empire|Fall of Roman Empire]]<ref name = europe400/>
|<!--5th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 500|500]]''' Settlement of [[Hawaii#First human settlement — Ancient Hawaiʻi (800–1778)|Hawaii]], [[Easter Island#History|Easter Island]], [[Society Islands]], [[Tuamotus#History|Tuamotus]] and [[Mangareva]]<ref name = oceania1/>
|<!--5th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 500|500]]''' Settlement of [[Hawaii#First human settlement – Ancient Hawaiʻi (1000–1778)|Hawaii]], [[Easter Island#History|Easter Island]], [[Society Islands]], [[History of Tuamotu|Tuamotus]] and [[Mangareva]]<ref name = oceania1/>
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[6th century]] <!-- from 501 to 600-->
![[6th century]] <!-- from 501 to 600-->
|<!--6th Century AFRICA (limit three) --> '''[[520]]''' [[Kaleb of Axum|Kaleb]] attacks [[Yemen]]<br> '''[[533]]''' [[Belisarius|Belisarius invades Africa]]<ref name = africa332/><br>'''[[540]]''' Nubia converts to [[monophysite]] Christianity
|<!--6th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[520]]''' [[Kaleb of Axum|Kaleb]] attacks [[Yemen]]<br> '''[[533]]''' [[Belisarius|Belisarius invades Africa]]<ref name = africa332/><br>'''[[540]]''' Nubia converts to [[monophysite]] Christianity
|<!--6th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[600]]''' [[Wari']] conquer Peru<ref name = Americas600 /><br>'''[[600]]''' [[Palenque|Construction of Palenque]]<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--6th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[600]]''' [[Wari']] conquer Peru<ref name = Americas600>{{cite web | title = World Timeline of the Americas AD 600-1000 | publisher = The British Museum | year = 2005 | url = http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/AD600-1000 | access-date = 2009-04-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090227034310/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/AD600-1000 | archive-date = 27 February 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref><br>'''[[600]]''' [[Palenque|Construction of Palenque]]<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--6th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[538]]''' [[Buddhism]] introduced in Japan.<br>'''[[570]]''' Birth of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]]
|<!--6th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[538]]''' [[Buddhism]] introduced in Japan.<br>'''[[570]]''' Birth of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]]
|<!--6th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[507]]''' Battle of Vouillé<ref name = europe400/><br>'''[[535]]''' Byzantine army invades Italy<ref name = europe400/><br>'''[[585]]''' Visigoths conquer Suevi kingdom<ref name = europe400/>
|<!--6th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[507]]''' Battle of Vouillé<ref name = europe400/><br>'''[[535]]''' Byzantine army invades Italy<ref name = europe400/><br>'''[[585]]''' Visigoths conquer Suevi kingdom<ref name = europe400/>
|<!--6th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|<!--6th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
Line 307: Line 305:
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[7th century]] <!-- from 601 to 700-->
![[7th century]] <!-- from 601 to 700-->
|<!--7th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[641]]''' [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb|Muslims invade Africa]]<ref name=africa600>{{cite web| title= World Timeline of Africa AD 600-1500| publisher= The British Museum| year= 2005| url= http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/AD600-1500| accessdate= 2009-04-02| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090313185620/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/AD600-1500| archivedate= 2009-03-13| url-status= dead}}</ref><br>'''[[690]]''' [[Songhai Empire|Za Dynasty founded]]<br> '''[[697]]''' [[Carthage#Islamic conquests|Carthage destroyed]]<ref name = africa600/>
|<!--7th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[641]]''' [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb|Muslims invade Africa]]<ref name=africa600>{{cite web| title= World Timeline of Africa AD 600-1500| publisher= The British Museum| year= 2005| url= http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/AD600-1500| access-date= 2009-04-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090313185620/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/AD600-1500| archive-date= 2009-03-13| url-status= dead}}</ref><br>'''[[690]]''' [[Songhai Empire|Za dynasty founded]]<br> '''[[697]]''' [[Carthage#Islamic conquests|Carthage destroyed]]<ref name = africa600/>
|<!--7th Century AMERICA (limit three)--> '''[[650]]''' Settlement of [[Xochitecatl]] and [[Cacaxtla]]<ref name = Americas600/><br>'''[[700]]''' [[Teotihuacan]] destroyed<ref name= Americas600/>
|<!--7th Century AMERICA (limit three)--> '''[[650]]''' Settlement of [[Xochitecatl]] and [[Cacaxtla]]<ref name = Americas600/><br>'''[[700]]''' [[Teotihuacan]] destroyed<ref name= Americas600/>
|<!--7th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[618]]''' [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] Dynasty [[Transition from Sui to Tang|established]]<br>'''[[632]]''' Rise of [[Islam]]<br>'''[[651]]''' [[Islamic conquest of Persia]]
|<!--7th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[618]]''' [[Tang dynasty]] [[Transition from Sui to Tang|established]]<br>'''[[632]]''' Rise of [[Islam]]<br>'''[[651]]''' [[Islamic conquest of Persia]]
|<!--7th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->c.'''[[680]]''' [[Bulgarian Empire]] was founded;
|<!--7th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->c.'''[[680]]''' [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] is founded
|<!--7th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[700]]''' [[History of the Cook Islands|Settlement of the Cook Islands]]<ref name = oceania1/>
|<!--7th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[700]]''' [[History of the Cook Islands|Settlement of the Cook Islands]]<ref name = oceania1/>
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[8th century]] <!-- from 701 to 800-->
![[8th century]] <!-- from 701 to 800-->
|<!--8th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[702]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum#Foreign relations, trade and economy|Aksum attacks Arabia]]<ref name = africa600/> <br>'''[[706]]''' [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Arabic in Egypt]]<ref name = africa600/><br>'''[[789]]''' [[Idrisid dynasty|Independent Morocco]]<ref name= africa600/>
|<!--8th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[702]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum#Foreign relations, trade, and economy|Aksum attacks Arabia]]<ref name = africa600/> <br>'''[[706]]''' [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Arabic in Egypt]]<ref name = africa600/><br>'''[[789]]''' [[Idrisid dynasty|Independent Morocco]]<ref name= africa600/>
|<!--8th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[738]]''' [[Quiriguá]] becomes independent of [[Copan]]
|<!--8th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[738]]''' [[Quiriguá]] becomes independent of [[Copan]]
'''[[750]]''' [[Sacred Cenote]] built at [[Chichén Itzá]]<ref name= Americas600 /><br>'''[[780]]''' Murals at [[Bonampak]] abandoned<ref name = Americas600 />
'''[[750]]''' [[Sacred Cenote]] built at [[Chichén Itzá]]<ref name= Americas600 /><br>'''[[780]]''' Murals at [[Bonampak]] abandoned<ref name = Americas600 />
|<!--8th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[738]]''' [[Caliphate campaigns in India]] and invasion of India by [[Umayyad Caliphate]] was averted <br>'''[[755]]''' [[An Lushan Rebellion|An Shi Rebellion]]
|<!--8th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[738]]''' [[Caliphate campaigns in India]] and invasion of India by [[Umayyad Caliphate]] is averted <br>'''[[755]]''' [[An Lushan Rebellion|An Shi Rebellion]]
|<!--8th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[717]]''' [[Siege of Constantinople]]<br>'''[[718]]''' [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Islamic conquest of Spain]]
|<!--8th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[717]]''' [[Siege of Constantinople]]<br>'''[[718]]''' [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|Islamic conquest of Spain]]
|<!--8th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|<!--8th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
Line 329: Line 327:
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[9th century]] <!-- from 801 to 900-->&nbsp;
![[9th century]] <!-- from 801 to 900-->&nbsp;
|<!--9th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[801]]''' c. [[Kanem Empire]] founded<br>'''[[801]]'''c. Aksum declines, capital moved to interior<br>'''[[900]]'''c. Igbo-Ukwu founded<ref>Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. The History of African Cities South of the Sahara. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2005, p. 45, {{ISBN|1-55876-303-1}}</ref>
|<!--9th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[801]]''' c. [[Kanem Empire]] founded<br>'''[[801]]'''c. Aksum declines, capital moved to interior<br>'''[[900]]'''c. Igbo-Ukwu founded<ref>Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. The History of African Cities South of the Sahara. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2005, p. 45, {{ISBN|1-55876-303-1}}</ref>
Line 335: Line 333:
|<!--9th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[835]]''' [[Ganlu Incident]]
|<!--9th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[835]]''' [[Ganlu Incident]]
|<!--9th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[872]]''' [[Battle of Hafrsfjord|Norway unites]]<br>c.'''[[874]]''' [[Settlement of Iceland]]<br>'''[[896]]''' [[History of Hungary#Middle Ages (895–1526)|Hungarians invade Carpathia]]
|<!--9th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[872]]''' [[Battle of Hafrsfjord|Norway unites]]<br>c.'''[[874]]''' [[Settlement of Iceland]]<br>'''[[896]]''' [[History of Hungary#Middle Ages (895–1526)|Hungarians invade Carpathia]]
|<!--9th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[900]]''' Settlement of New Zealand<ref name = oceania1/>
|<!--9th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->
|- align="left"
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[10th century]] <!-- from 901 to 1000-->
![[10th century]] <!-- from 901 to 1000-->
|<!--10th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[905]]''' [[Tulunids|Tulunids ejected]]<ref name = africa600/> <br>'''[[909]]''' [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid established]]<ref name = africa600/> <br>'''[[969]]''' [[Fustat|Fustat captured]]<ref name = africa600/>
|<!--10th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[905]]''' [[Tulunids|Tulunids ejected]]<ref name = africa600/> <br>'''[[909]]''' [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid established]]<ref name = africa600/> <br>'''[[969]]''' [[Fustat|Fustat captured]]<ref name = africa600/>
|<!--10th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[950]]''' [[Great Serpent Mound]] constructed<ref name = Americas600/><br>'''[[990]]''' Toltecs conquer [[Chichén Itzá]]
|<!--10th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[950]]''' [[Great Serpent Mound]] constructed<ref name = Americas600/><br>'''[[990]]''' Toltecs conquer [[Chichén Itzá]]
|<!--10th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[907]]''' Political upheaval of the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period|Five Dynasties]] begins<br>'''[[960]]''' [[Song dynasty]] established
|<!--10th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[907]]''' Political upheaval of the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period|Five Dynasties]] begins<br>'''[[960]]''' [[Song dynasty]] established
|<!--10th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[958]]''' [[Jelling stones|Denmark unites]]<br>'''[[985]]''' Erik the Red founds colony in Greenland
|<!--10th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[958]]''' [[Jelling stones|Denmark unites]]<br>'''[[985]]''' Erik the Red founds colony in Greenland
|<!--10th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''1000''' Polynesians build stone temples<ref name = oceania1/>
|<!--10th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''1000''' Polynesians build stone temples<ref name = oceania1/>
|}

==Significant people==
''The people in this section are organized according to the [[United Nations geoscheme]]''<!-- Note to editors: please limit the list of names in each square of the table to three, additional notable people can be added to the appropriate century pages -->
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
|+Significant people of the 1st millennium AD
! style="width:10%"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Americas
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
![[1st century]]<!-- 1–100 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) -->[[Natakamani]]<br>[[Zoskales]]<br>[[Amanikhatashan]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Jesus|Jesus of Nazareth]]<!-- (d. c. 29–33) --><br>[[Paul of Tarsus]]<!-- (d. 67) --> <br> [[Kanishka]] <!-- Also known as second Ashoka --><br>[[Mary Magdalene]]
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) --> [[Caesar Augustus]]<!-- (63 BC–14) --><br>[[Nero]]<br>[[Pliny the Elder]] <!-- 23–79 Roman author -->
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
![[2nd century]]<!-- 101–200 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) -->[[GDRT|Gadarat]]<BR>[[Septimius Severus]]<ref name = africa332/> <!-- f. 193 --><BR>[[GRMT|Gärmat]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->[[Tikal#Preclassic|Yax Moch Xoc]]<!-- f. 250 --><ref name = Americas200/>
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Cai Lun]]<!-- (d. 121) --><br>[[Zhang Heng]]<!-- (d. 139) -->
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Plutarch]] <!-- (d. c. 127 --><br>[[Ptolemy]]<!-- (c. 83–161) --> <br>[[Commodus]] <!-- (161 –192) -->
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
! style="width:10%"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Americas
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
![[3rd century]] <!-- 201–300 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) -->[[Macrinus]]<!-- f. 217 --><ref name = africa332/><br>[[Aphilas|King Aphilas of Aksum]]<!-- f. 285 --><ref name = africa332/><br>[[Endubis]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->[[Yax Nuun Ayiin I|Curl Snout]]<!-- f. 375 --><ref name = Americas200/>
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Mani (prophet)|Mani]]<!-- (c. 210–276 AD) --><br>[[Cao Cao]]<!-- (d. 220) --><br>[[Zhuge Liang]]<!-- (d. 234) -->
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Diocletian]]<!-- f. 298 reorganized Egypt --><ref name = africa332/>
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
![[4th century]] <!-- 301–400 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) --> [[Ezana]]<br>[[Ghana empire|King Kaja Maja]]<br>[[Ousanas]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) --> [[Siyaj K'ak']]<ref name="ngm.nationalgeographic.com"/>
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Empress Jingū]]<!-- f. 209–269 --><br>[[Samudragupta]]<!-- (335-380) -->
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Constantine I]]<!-- (d. 337) -->
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
! style="width:10%"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Americas
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
![[5th century]] <!-- 401–500 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) -->[[Augustine of Hippo]]<!-- (354–430) --><br>[[Nezool]]<br>[[Ouazebas]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->[[K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo']]<!-- f. 426 --><ref name = Americas200/>
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Aryabhata]] <!-- (b. 476) -->
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Hypatia]]<!-- d. 415 --><br>[[Attila the Hun]] <!-- d. 453; lived most, if not all of his life in Europe, not "Asia" --><br>[[Geiseric]]<!-- d. 477 --><ref name = africa332/><br>
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->[[Hawaiiloa]]
|- align="left"
![[6th century]] <!-- 501–600 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) -->[[Saifu]]<br>[[Gelimer]]<!-- f. 534 --><ref name = africa332/><br>[[Saint Frumentius]]<!-- f. 543 --><ref name = africa332/>
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Muhammad]]<br>[[Emperor Wen of Sui]]<br>[[Khosrau I]] <!-- (d. 579) -->
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Clovis I]] <!-- (466–511) --><br>[[Theodoric the Great]] <!-- (454–526) --><br>[[Justinian I]]<!-- (482–565) --> <!-- Belisarius (c. 505–565) -->
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
! style="width:10%"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Americas
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
![[7th century]] <!-- 601–700 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) -->[[Gregory the Patrician]]<!-- d. 647 --><ref name = africa600/><br>[[Bilal Ibn Rabah]]<br>[[Za Dynasty|Za Alieman]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->[[K'inich Janaab' Pakal]]<!-- (603 - 683) --><ref name = Americas600>{{cite web | title = World Timeline of the Americas AD 600-1000 | publisher = The British Museum | year = 2005 | url = http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/AD600-1000 | accessdate = 2009-04-01| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090227034310/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/AD600-1000| archivedate= 27 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status= live}}</ref><br>[[Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil|Waxaklahùn Ubàh K'awìl]]<!-- f. 695 --><ref name = Americas600/>
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Abu Bakr]]<br>[[Umar]]<!-- c. 581–644 --><br>[[Uthman]]<br>[[Ali]]
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Saint Isidore of Seville]] <br>[[Kubrat]] <br>[[Asparukh]]<!-- (d. 636) -->
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
![[8th century]] <!-- 701–800 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) --> [[Kanem Empire|Mai Sef of Saif]]<br>[[Ghana empire|Ghana Majan Dyabe Cisse]]<br>[[Merkurios| Merkurios of Makuria]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Abū Ḥanīfa]]<br>[[Al-Shafi‘i|Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al Shāfīʿī]]<br>[[Abi Ishaq]] <!-- (d. 735) --><br>[[Li Bai]] <!-- (701–762) -->
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Saint Bede]] <!-- (673–735) --> <br>[[Charles Martel]] <!-- (d. 741) --><br>[[Tervel]]
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
! style="width:10%"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Americas
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- align="left"
![[9th century]] <!-- 801–900 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) --> [[Kanem Empire|Mai Fune]]<br>[[Sungbo's Eredo|Bilikisu Sungbo]]<br>[[Georgios I of Makuria|Georgios I]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]]<br>[[Muhammad al-Bukhari]]<br>[[Abu Dawood]]<!-- (c. 721–c. 815) --><br>[[Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī|Muhammad Khwarizmi]]<!-- (c. 780–c. 850) --><br>[[Bayazid Bastami]]
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Charlemagne]]<!-- (742–814) --><br>[[Alfred the Great]] <!-- (c. 849–899) --><br>[[Krum]]
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->&nbsp;
|- align="left"
![[10th century]] <!-- 901–1000 -->
|<!-- AFRICA (limit three) -->[[Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah]]<!-- (r. 909–934) --><br>[[Georgios II of Makuria|Georgios II]]<br>[[Rafael of Makuria|Rafael]]
|<!-- AMERICAS (limit three) -->[[Ce Acatl Topiltzin]]
|<!-- ASIA (limit three) -->[[Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī]]<br>[[Alhazen|Ḥasan ibn Alhazen]]<br>[[Al Battani]] <!-- (850–923) --><br>[[Emperor Taizu of Song]] <!-- (927–976) -->
|<!-- EUROPE (limit three) -->[[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon I]] <!-- (d. 927) --><br>[[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto the Great]] <!-- (912–973) --><br>[[Bjarni Herjólfsson]]<!-- 986 --><!-- [[Harald I of Norway]] 872 to 933 --><br>[[Erik the Red]]<ref name = Americas600/><!-- c. 982 -->
|<!-- OCEANIA (limit three) -->[['Aho'eitu]]
|}
|}


==Inventions, discoveries, introductions==
==Inventions, discoveries, introductions==
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Inventions, discoveries and introductions
|+Inventions, discoveries and introductions
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Communication
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Communication
Line 463: Line 351:
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Transportation
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Transportation
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Warfare
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Warfare
|- style= valign="top" align="left"
|- style= style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"
|<!--COMMUNICATION (limit ten)-->
|<!--COMMUNICATION (limit ten)-->
# [[Woodblock printing]]
# [[Woodblock printing]]
# [[Paper]]<!-- 405 --><ref name=who>{{cite web|title=Who Built it First |work=Ancient Discoveries |publisher=A&E Television Networks |year=2008 |url=http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&display_order=5&content_type_id=60600&mini_id=52979 |accessdate=2009-04-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429202316/http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&display_order=5&content_type_id=60600&mini_id=52979 |archivedate=2009-04-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>
# [[Paper]]<!-- 405 --><ref name=who>{{cite web|title=Who Built it First |work=Ancient Discoveries |publisher=A&E Television Networks |year=2008 |url=http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&display_order=5&content_type_id=60600&mini_id=52979 |access-date=2009-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429202316/http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&display_order=5&content_type_id=60600&mini_id=52979 |archive-date=2009-04-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>
#[[Quipu]]
|<!--MATH AND SCIENCE (limit ten)-->
|<!--MATH AND SCIENCE (limit ten)-->
# [[Algebra]]
# [[Algebra]]
Line 485: Line 374:
==Centuries and decades==
==Centuries and decades==
{| cellpadding="3" border="0"
{| cellpadding="3" border="0"
|- style="text-align:right;"
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[1st century]]'''
|| '''[[1st century]]'''
| align="right" | [[0s]] || align="right" | [[10s]]
|| [[0s]] || [[10s]]
| align="right" | [[20s]]
|| [[20s]]
| align="right" | [[30s]] || align="right" | [[40s]]
|| [[30s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[40s]]
| align="right" | [[50s]]
|| [[50s]]
| align="right" | [[60s]] || align="right" | [[70s]]
|| [[60s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[70s]]
| align="right" | [[80s]] || align="right" | [[90s]]
|| [[80s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[90s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[2nd century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[2nd century]]'''
| align="right" | [[100s (decade)|100s]] || align="right" | [[110s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[100s (decade)|100s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[110s]]
| align="right" | [[120s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[120s]]
| align="right" | [[130s]] || align="right" | [[140s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[130s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[140s]]
| align="right" | [[150s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[150s]]
| align="right" | [[160s]] || align="right" | [[170s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[160s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[170s]]
| align="right" | [[180s]] || align="right" | [[190s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[180s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[190s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[3rd century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[3rd century]]'''
| align="right" | [[200s (decade)|200s]] || align="right" | [[210s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[200s (decade)|200s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[210s]]
| align="right" | [[220s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[220s]]
| align="right" | [[230s]] || align="right" | [[240s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[230s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[240s]]
| align="right" | [[250s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[250s]]
| align="right" | [[260s]] || align="right" | [[270s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[260s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[270s]]
| align="right" | [[280s]] || align="right" | [[290s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[280s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[290s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[4th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[4th century]]'''
| align="right" | [[300s (decade)|300s]] || align="right" | [[310s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[300s (decade)|300s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[310s]]
| align="right" | [[320s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[320s]]
| align="right" | [[330s]] || align="right" | [[340s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[330s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[340s]]
| align="right" | [[350s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[350s]]
| align="right" | [[360s]] || align="right" | [[370s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[360s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[370s]]
| align="right" | [[380s]] || align="right" | [[390s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[380s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[390s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[5th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[5th century]]'''
| align="right" | [[400s (decade)|400s]] || align="right" | [[410s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[400s (decade)|400s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[410s]]
| align="right" | [[420s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[420s]]
| align="right" | [[430s]] || align="right" | [[440s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[430s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[440s]]
| align="right" | [[450s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[450s]]
| align="right" | [[460s]] || align="right" | [[470s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[460s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[470s]]
| align="right" | [[480s]] || align="right" | [[490s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[480s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[490s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[6th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[6th century]]'''
| align="right" | [[500s (decade)|500s]] || align="right" | [[510s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[500s (decade)|500s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[510s]]
| align="right" | [[520s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[520s]]
| align="right" | [[530s]] || align="right" | [[540s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[530s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[540s]]
| align="right" | [[550s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[550s]]
| align="right" | [[560s]] || align="right" | [[570s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[560s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[570s]]
| align="right" | [[580s]] || align="right" | [[590s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[580s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[590s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[7th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[7th century]]'''
| align="right" | [[600s (decade)|600s]] || align="right" | [[610s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[600s (decade)|600s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[610s]]
| align="right" | [[620s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[620s]]
| align="right" | [[630s]] || align="right" | [[640s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[630s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[640s]]
| align="right" | [[650s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[650s]]
| align="right" | [[660s]] || align="right" | [[670s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[660s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[670s]]
| align="right" | [[680s]] || align="right" | [[690s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[680s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[690s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[8th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[8th century]]'''
| align="right" | [[700s (decade)|700s]] || align="right" | [[710s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[700s (decade)|700s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[710s]]
| align="right" | [[720s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[720s]]
| align="right" | [[730s]] || align="right" | [[740s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[730s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[740s]]
| align="right" | [[750s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[750s]]
| align="right" | [[760s]] || align="right" | [[770s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[760s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[770s]]
| align="right" | [[780s]] || align="right" | [[790s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[780s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[790s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[9th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[9th century]]'''
| align="right" | [[800s (decade)|800s]] || align="right" | [[810s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[800s (decade)|800s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[810s]]
| align="right" | [[820s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[820s]]
| align="right" | [[830s]] || align="right" | [[840s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[830s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[840s]]
| align="right" | [[850s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[850s]]
| align="right" | [[860s]] || align="right" | [[870s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[860s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[870s]]
| align="right" | [[880s]] || align="right" | [[890s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[880s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[890s]]
|-----
|-
| align="right" | '''[[10th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[10th century]]'''
| align="right" | [[900s (decade)|900s]] || align="right" | [[910s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[900s (decade)|900s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[910s]]
| align="right" | [[920s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[920s]]
| align="right" | [[930s]] || align="right" | [[940s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[930s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[940s]]
| align="right" | [[950s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[950s]]
| align="right" | [[960s]] || align="right" | [[970s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[960s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[970s]]
| align="right" | [[980s]] || align="right" | [[990s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[980s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[990s]]
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 23:20, 29 September 2024

Millennia:
Centuries:
Jesus ChristRoman EmpireGreat Mosque of MeccaChessAttila the HunEruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 ADEarly Middle AgesTeotihuacanPilate's court
From top left, clockwise: Depiction of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity; The Colosseum, a landmark of the once-mighty Roman Empire; Kaaba, the Great Mosque of Mecca, the holiest site of Islam; Chess, a new board game, becomes popular around the globe; The Western Roman Empire falls, ushering in the Early Middle Ages; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79; Attila the Hun, leader of the Hunnic Empire, which takes most of Eastern Europe (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from Teotihuacan, National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City)
Map of the world in 1 AD, at the beginning of the new millennium.

The first millennium of the anno Domini or Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000 (1st to 10th centuries; in astronomy: JD 1721425.5 – 2086667.5[1]). The world population rose more slowly than during the preceding millennium, from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.[2]

In Western Eurasia (Europe and Near East), the first millennium was a time of great transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire, followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the Early Middle Ages in Europe, and marked by the Viking expansion in the west, and the continuation of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) in the east.

In East Asia, the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. In China, the Han dynasty is replaced by the Jin dynasty and later the Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In Japan, a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The Yamato court was established. The North Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the Gupta Empire. Islam expanded rapidly from Arabia to western Asia, India, North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, culminating in the Islamic Golden Age (700–1200).

In Mesoamerica, the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era (200–900). Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In South America, pre-Incan, coastal cultures flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world. In North America, the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Numerous cities were built; Cahokia, the largest, was based in present-day Illinois. The construction of Monks Mound at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, the Bantu expansion reaches Southern Africa by about the 5th century. The trans Saharan slave trade spans the Sahara and the Swahili coast by the 9th century.

Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties

[edit]
Kingdoms and civilizations of the 1st millennium AD
Africa Asia / Oceania Europe Pre-Columbian Americas
North Africa
East Africa
Sahara / West Africa
Central / Southern Africa
West Asia
East Asia
Central Asia
Further information: Cities along the Silk Road and Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Further information: Indianization of Southeast Asia
Oceania
Southeastern Europe
Italy
Iberia
Western / Central Europe
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
Mesoamerica
South America
North America

Events

[edit]

The events in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme

Events and trends of the 1st millennium AD
  Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
1st century AD 70 Kandake Amanikhatashan sends Kushite cavalry to aid Roman Emperor in Jerusalem revolt[3]
AD 100 rise of the Aksum
AD 100 Khoekhoe reach southern coast of Africa[4] 		AD 1 Cahuachi established[5]
AD 50 Pyramid of the Sun began[5] 		AD 25 Han Dynasty reestablished under Guangwu
AD 33 Christianity begins
AD 70 Jewish diaspora
 AD 9 Rhine established as boundary between Rome and Germany[6]
AD 47 London founded
AD 58 Alpes Cottiae becomes a Roman province[6]
AD 79 Pompeii destroyed 		AD 1 Caroline Islands colonized[7]
2nd century 150 Rhapta, hint of pre-Swahili, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
200 Bantu reach east Africa[8]
200 Nok culture ends 		150 Cahuachi becomes dominant ceremonial site in southern Peru[5] 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion 106 Dacia becomes a Roman province[6]
166 Siege of Aquileia[6]
180 End of the Macromannic Wars[6] 		 
  Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
3rd century 212 Egyptians granted Roman citizenship[8]
230 Aksum wars with Himyar and Saba alliance
300 Aksum prints own coins 		250 Rise of Laguna de los Cerros
292 Stela 29 inscribed[5]
300 Tikàl conquers El Mirador[5] 		208 Battle of Red Cliffs during the decline of the Han dynasty
280 Jin reunifies China 		212 Roman citizenship extended to all free people in the empire[6]
214 Hispania divided into Gallaecia, Tarraconensis, Baetica and Lusitania[6]
286 Diocletian divides the empire East and West[6] 		300 Eastern Polynesian culture develops[9]
4th century 333 Aksum converts to Christianity
350 Meroe comes to an end [8]
350 King of Anwar, Kaja Maja 		378 Teotihuacan conquers Waka, Tikal, and Uaxactun, the beginning of its conquest of the Maya[10] 319 Rise of Gupta Empire in South Asia
383 Battle of Fei River
393 Last Olympic Games

313 Edict of Milan[6]
370 Huns invade Eastern Europe[6]
396 Alaric and the Visigoths invade Greece[6]

 
  Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
5th century 401 c. camel main transport for trans-Sahara
429 Vandal invasion[8]
500 Nubia split into Nobadia, Makuria, Alodia 		  420 Northern and Southern dynasties period begins 407 Vandals enter Iberia[11]
421 Romans defeat Persians[11]
476 Fall of Roman Empire[11] 		500 Settlement of Hawaii, Easter Island, Society Islands, Tuamotus and Mangareva[9]
6th century 520 Kaleb attacks Yemen
533 Belisarius invades Africa[8]
540 Nubia converts to monophysite Christianity 		600 Wari' conquer Peru[12]
600 Construction of Palenque[5] 		538 Buddhism introduced in Japan.
570 Birth of the Islamic prophet Muhammad 		507 Battle of Vouillé[11]
535 Byzantine army invades Italy[11]
585 Visigoths conquer Suevi kingdom[11] 		 
  Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
7th century 641 Muslims invade Africa[13]
690 Za dynasty founded
697 Carthage destroyed[13] 		650 Settlement of Xochitecatl and Cacaxtla[12]
700 Teotihuacan destroyed[12] 		618 Tang dynasty established
632 Rise of Islam
651 Islamic conquest of Persia 		c.680 Bulgarian Empire is founded 700 Settlement of the Cook Islands[9]
8th century 702 Aksum attacks Arabia[13]
706 Arabic in Egypt[13]
789 Independent Morocco[13] 		738 Quiriguá becomes independent of Copan

750 Sacred Cenote built at Chichén Itzá[12]
780 Murals at Bonampak abandoned[12]

738 Caliphate campaigns in India and invasion of India by Umayyad Caliphate is averted
755 An Shi Rebellion 		717 Siege of Constantinople
718 Islamic conquest of Spain 		 
  Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
9th century   801 c. Kanem Empire founded
801c. Aksum declines, capital moved to interior
900c. Igbo-Ukwu founded[14] 		  835 Ganlu Incident 872 Norway unites
c.874 Settlement of Iceland
896 Hungarians invade Carpathia
10th century 905 Tulunids ejected[13]
909 Fatimid established[13]
969 Fustat captured[13] 		950 Great Serpent Mound constructed[12]
990 Toltecs conquer Chichén Itzá 		907 Political upheaval of the Five Dynasties begins
960 Song dynasty established 		958 Denmark unites
985 Erik the Red founds colony in Greenland 		1000 Polynesians build stone temples[9]

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

[edit]
Inventions, discoveries and introductions
Communication Math and Science Agriculture Transportation Warfare
  1. Woodblock printing
  2. Paper[15]
  3. Quipu
  1. Algebra
  2. Ptolemaic system
  3. Steel
  1. Coffee
  2. Hops
  1. Horseshoe
  2. Stirrup
  3. Magnetic compass
  1. Greek fire
  2. Gunpowder[15]

Centuries and decades

[edit]
1st century 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s
2nd century 100s 110s 120s 130s 140s 150s 160s 170s 180s 190s
3rd century 200s 210s 220s 230s 240s 250s 260s 270s 280s 290s
4th century 300s 310s 320s 330s 340s 350s 360s 370s 380s 390s
5th century 400s 410s 420s 430s 440s 450s 460s 470s 480s 490s
6th century 500s 510s 520s 530s 540s 550s 560s 570s 580s 590s
7th century 600s 610s 620s 630s 640s 650s 660s 670s 680s 690s
8th century 700s 710s 720s 730s 740s 750s 760s 770s 780s 790s
9th century 800s 810s 820s 830s 840s 850s 860s 870s 880s 890s
10th century 900s 910s 920s 930s 940s 950s 960s 970s 980s 990s

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Julian Day Number from Date Calculator". keisan.casio.com.
  2. ^ Klein Goldewijk, K. , A. Beusen, M. de Vos and G. van Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced land use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73-86. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x (pbl.nl). Goldewijk et al. (2011) estimate 188 million as of the year 1, citing a literature range of 170 million (low) to 300 million (high). Out of the estimated 188 million, 116 million are estimated for Asia (East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia, excluding Western Asia), 44 million for Europe and the Near East, 15 million for Africa (including Roman Egypt and Roman North Africa), 12 million for Mesoamerica and South America. North America and Oceania were at or below one million. For 1000, they estimate the world population at 295 million. [1]
  3. ^ Jr Ph D Grant Bishop Williams(2009). Abraham's Other Sons. AuthorHouse: pp. 50,51. ISBN 9781438997094
  4. ^ Ehret, Christopher (2002). The Civilizations of Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, p. 177, ISBN 0-8139-2085-X.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "World Timeline of the Americas 200 BC - AD 600". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "World Timeline of Europe 200 BC-AD 400 Roman". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
  7. ^ "World Timeline of the Oceania 1500 BC-AD 1". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
  8. ^ a b c d e "World Timeline of Africa 332 BC-AD 400". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-02-24. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
  9. ^ a b c d "World Timeline of Oceania AD 1-1100". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
  10. ^ "National Geographic Magazine".
  11. ^ a b c d e f "World Timeline of Europe AD 400-800 Early medieval". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "World Timeline of the Americas AD 600-1000". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h "World Timeline of Africa AD 600-1500". The British Museum. 2005. Archived from the original on 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
  14. ^ Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. The History of African Cities South of the Sahara. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2005, p. 45, ISBN 1-55876-303-1
  15. ^ a b "Who Built it First". Ancient Discoveries. A&E Television Networks. 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-04-03.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=1st_millennium&oldid=1248514729"