Cunnamulla: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} |
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{{Use Australian English|date=August 2012}} |
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2012}} |
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{{Infobox Australian place | type = town |
{{Infobox Australian place |
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| type = town |
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| name = Cunnamulla |
| name = Cunnamulla |
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| state = qld |
| state = qld |
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| image = Cunnamulla QLD.JPG |
| image = Cunnamulla QLD.JPG |
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| caption = Cunnamulla war memorial, 2010 |
| caption = Cunnamulla war memorial, 2010 |
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| lga = [[Shire of Paroo]] |
| lga = [[Shire of Paroo]] |
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| county = Wellington County, Queensland |
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| postcode = 4490 |
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| postcode = 4490 |
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| est = 1868 |
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| pop = 1233 |
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| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} |
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| pop_footnotes = <ref name=Census2021/> |
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| elevation= 189 |
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| elevation = 189 |
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| coordinates = {{coord|-28.0702|145.6825|type:city_region:AU-QLD|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|-28.0702|145.6825|type:city_region:AU-QLD|display=inline,title}} |
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| area = 4591.1 |
| area = 4591.1 |
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| timezone = [[AEST]] |
| timezone = [[AEST]] |
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| utc = +10:00 |
| utc = +10:00 |
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| maxtemp = 28.1 |
| maxtemp = 28.1 |
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| mintemp = 14.2 |
| mintemp = 14.2 |
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| rainfall = 376.2 |
| rainfall = 376.2 |
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| stategov = [[Electoral district of Warrego|Warrego]] |
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Warrego|Warrego]] |
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| fedgov = [[Division of Maranoa|Maranoa]] |
| fedgov = [[Division of Maranoa|Maranoa]] |
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| dist1 = 808 |
| dist1 = 808 |
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| dir1 = W |
| dir1 = W |
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| location1= [[Brisbane]] |
| location1 = [[Brisbane]] |
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| dist2 = 295 |
| dist2 = 295 |
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| dir2 = W |
| dir2 = W |
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| location2= [[St George, Queensland|St George]] |
| location2 = [[St George, Queensland|St George]] |
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| dist3 = |
| dist3 = 199 |
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| dir3 = S |
| dir3 = S |
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| location3= [[Charleville, Queensland|Charleville]] |
| location3 = [[Charleville, Queensland|Charleville]] |
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| dist4 = 257 |
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| dir4 = N |
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| location4 = [[Bourke, New South Wales|Bourke]] |
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| near-n = [[Humeburn, Queensland|Humeburn]] |
| near-n = [[Humeburn, Queensland|Humeburn]] |
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| near-ne = [[Coongoola, Queensland|Coongoola]] |
| near-ne = [[Coongoola, Queensland|Coongoola]] |
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| Line 40: | Line 45: | ||
| near-nw = [[Humeburn, Queensland|Humeburn]] |
| near-nw = [[Humeburn, Queensland|Humeburn]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Cunnamulla''' {{IPAc-en|k|ʌ|n|ə|ˈ|m|ʌ|l|ə}}<ref>''[[Macquarie Dictionary|Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition]]'' (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. {{ISBN|1-876429-14-3}}</ref> is a town and a [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|locality]] in the [[Shire of Paroo]], [[Queensland]], Australia.<ref name=qpnt>{{cite QPN|9001|Cunnamulla|town in Shire of Paroo|accessdate=11 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=qpnl>{{cite QPN|49186|Cunnamulla|locality in Shire of Paroo|accessdate=11 June 2019}}</ref> It is {{convert|206|km|mi}} south of [[Charleville, Queensland|Charleville]], and approximately {{convert|750|km|mi}} west of the state capital, [[Brisbane]]. In the {{CensusAU|2016}}, Cunnamulla had a population of 1,140 people.<ref name=Census2016>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC30773|name=Cunnamulla (SSC)|accessdate=20 October 2018|quick=on}}</ref> |
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'''Cunnamulla''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ʌ|n|ə|ˈ|m|ʌ|l|ə}})<ref>''[[Macquarie Dictionary|Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition]]'' (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. {{ISBN|1-876429-14-3}}</ref> is a town and a [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|locality]] in the [[Shire of Paroo]], [[Queensland]], Australia.<ref name=qpnt>{{cite QPN|9001|Cunnamulla|town in Shire of Paroo|accessdate=11 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=qpnl>{{cite QPN|49186|Cunnamulla|locality in Shire of Paroo|accessdate=11 June 2019}}</ref> It is {{convert|206|km|mi}} south of [[Charleville, Queensland|Charleville]], and approximately {{convert|750|km|mi}} west of the state capital, [[Brisbane]]. In the [[2021 Australian census|2021 census]], the locality of Cunnamulla had a population of 1,233 people.<ref name=Census2021/> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Cunnamulla lies on the [[Warrego River]] in [[South West Queensland]] within the [[Murray–Darling basin| |
Cunnamulla lies on the [[Warrego River]] in [[South West Queensland]] within the [[Murray–Darling basin|Murray–Darling drainage basin]]. It flows from the north (Coongoola) through the town, which is in the centre of the locality, and exits to the south ([[Tuen, Queensland|Tuen]]).<ref name="globe">{{Queensland Globe|accessdate=23 July 2019}}</ref> |
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The [[Mitchell Highway]] passes through the locality from north (Coongoola) to south (Tuen), while the [[Balonne Highway]] enters the location from the east ([[Linden, Queensland|Linden]]). The two highways intersect in the town, which is located in the centre of the locality. The [[Bulloo Developmental Road]] starts in Cunnamulla and |
The [[Mitchell Highway]] passes through the locality from north (Coongoola) to south (Tuen), while the [[Balonne Highway]] enters the location from the east ([[Linden, Queensland|Linden]]). The two highways intersect in the town, which is located in the centre of the locality. The [[Bulloo Developmental Road]] starts in Cunnamulla and exits the locality to the west ([[Eulo, Queensland|Eulo]]).<ref name="globe" /> |
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Cunnamulla is the administrative centre for the [[Shire of Paroo|Paroo Shire]], which also includes the townships of [[Wyandra, Queensland|Wyandra]], [[Yowah, Queensland|Yowah]] and Eulo, and covers an area of {{convert|47617|km2|mi2}}. |
Cunnamulla is the administrative centre for the [[Shire of Paroo|Paroo Shire]], which also includes the townships of [[Wyandra, Queensland|Wyandra]], [[Yowah, Queensland|Yowah]] and [[Eulo, Queensland|Eulo]], and covers an area of {{convert|47617|km2|mi2}}. |
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Major industries of the area are |
Major industries of the area are cattle, sheep and goat farming, along with tourism and opal mining. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Gunya language|Gunya]] (also known as Kunya, Kunja, Kurnja) is an [[Australian Aboriginal language]] spoken by the Gunya people. The Gunya language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the [[Shire of Paroo|Paroo Shire Council]], taking in Cunnamulla and extending north towards [[Augathella]], east towards [[Bollon, Queensland|Bollon]] and west towards [[Thargomindah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/16?embed=true|title=Gunya |
[[Gunya language|Gunya]] (also known as Kunya, Kunja, Kurnja) is an [[Australian Aboriginal language]] spoken by the Gunya people. The Gunya language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the [[Shire of Paroo|Paroo Shire Council]], taking in Cunnamulla and extending north towards [[Augathella]], east towards [[Bollon, Queensland|Bollon]] and west towards [[Thargomindah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/16?embed=true|title=Gunya|date=21 January 2020|website=[[State Library of Queensland]]|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204075022/https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/16?embed=true|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The original Indigenous inhabitants of the area were the [[Kunja people|Kunja]]. The first European explorer to arrive was [[Edmund Kennedy]], whose expedition passed through the region in 1847.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article713537 |title=Mr.. Kennedy's Expedition to the Victoria RIver. |newspaper=[[The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser]] |volume=VI |issue=373 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=29 January 1848 |accessdate=7 May 2023 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707061537/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/713537 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kennedy's group noted fields of native grasses that appeared to be being cultivated like a wheat crop, but they only had limited interaction with the people who resided there.<ref name="beale">{{cite book |last1=Beale |first1=Edgar |title=Kennedy, The Barcoo and Beyond 1847 |date=1983 |publisher=Blubber Head |location=Hobart |isbn=0908528116}}</ref> |
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The original Indigenous inhabitants of the area were the [[Kunja people|Kunja]]. The area's first European explorer was [[Thomas Mitchell (explorer)|Thomas Mitchell]] who passed through the region in 1846.<ref name="smh" /> |
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Pastoralists arrived to take land from 1861 when squatter Alexander Keith Collins led an exploratory group through the region that had several skirmishes with the local Aboriginal people.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51554655 |title=The Rockhampton Bulletin and Central Queensland Advertiser. |newspaper=[[Rockhampton Bulletin And Central Queensland Advertiser]] |issue=14 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=5 October 1861 |accessdate=27 May 2023 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707061536/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/51554655 |url-status=live }}</ref> Collins was later investigated for kidnapping two Aboriginal boys.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article125598289 |title=Supreme Court Sydney. |newspaper=[[Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser]] |volume=I |issue=30 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=14 January 1862 |accessdate=27 May 2023 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707061532/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/125598289 |url-status=live }}</ref> By 1863, all of the land along the southern Warrego River had been acquired by pastoralists.<ref name="qtihga" /> |
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The town name ''Cunnamulla'' is named after a pastoral property established in 1867, which in turn is the [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] name of a deep waterhole in the Warrego River.<ref name="qpnt"/> |
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The town name of Cunnamulla is derived from the ''Cunnamullah'' [[cattle station]] established by Samuel Smith in 1863,<ref name="qtihga">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123605880 |title=The Warrego. |newspaper=[[Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser]] |volume=III |issue=261 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=28 January 1864 |accessdate=27 May 2023 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707061532/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/123605880 |url-status=live }}</ref> which in turn is the [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] name of a deep waterhole in the Warrego River.<ref name="qpnt"/> |
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A settlement arose here because there was a reliable waterhole where two major [[stock route]]s intersected.<ref name="herqldout">{{Cite book |title=Heritage Trails of the Queensland Outback |last=[[Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland)]] |year=2002 |publisher=State of Queensland |isbn=0-7345-1040-3 |pages=20 }}</ref> The town itself came into being in the late 19th century as a coach stop for [[Cobb and Co]] coaches.<ref name="smh">{{Cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/Queensland/Cunnamulla/2005/02/17/1108500202284.html |title=Cunnamulla - Queensland - Australia - Travel |accessdate=12 October 2010 |date=8 February 2004 |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |publisher=Fairfax Media |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107051507/http://www.smh.com.au/news/Queensland/Cunnamulla/2005/02/17/1108500202284.html |archive-date=7 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> A town survey was conducted in 1868, the same year a courthouse was built.<ref name="herqldout" /> Cunnamulla Post Office opened on 1 March 1868.<ref name="Post Office">{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&country=|title=Post Office List|last=Premier Postal History|publisher=Premier Postal Auctions|accessdate=10 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515223132/http://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&country=|archive-date=15 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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A settlement arose here because there was a reliable waterhole where two major [[stock route]]s intersected.<ref name="herqldout">{{Cite book |title=Heritage Trails of the Queensland Outback |last=Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland) |author-link=Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland) |year=2002 |publisher=State of Queensland |isbn=0-7345-1040-3 |pages=20 }}</ref> The town itself came into being in the late 19th century as a coach stop for [[Cobb and Co]] coaches.<ref name="smh">{{Cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/Queensland/Cunnamulla/2005/02/17/1108500202284.html |title=Cunnamulla - Queensland - Australia - Travel |access-date=12 October 2010 |date=8 February 2004 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107051507/http://www.smh.com.au/news/Queensland/Cunnamulla/2005/02/17/1108500202284.html |archive-date=7 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> A town survey was conducted in 1868, the same year a courthouse was built.<ref name="herqldout" /> Cunnamulla Post Office opened on 1 March 1868.<ref name="Post Office">{{Cite web|url=http://www.phoenixauctions.com.au/cgi-bin/wsPhoenix.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&filter=*Cunnamulla*|title=Post Office List|last=Phoenix Auctions History|publisher=Phoenix Auctions|access-date=6 February 2021|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531093424/http://www.phoenixauctions.com.au/cgi-bin/wsPhoenix.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&filter=%2ACunnamulla%2A|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Cunnamulla Provisional School opened on 9 July 1877, becoming Cunnamulla State School in 1885.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author1=Queensland Family History Society|title=Queensland schools past and present|date=2010|edition=Version 1.01|publisher=[[Queensland Family History Society]]|isbn=978-1-921171-26-0}}</ref> |
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[[File:Cunnamulla State School, January 1955.jpg|left|thumb|Cunnamulla State School, 1955]] |
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Cunnamulla Provisional School opened on 9 July 1877, becoming Cunnamulla State School in 1885.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author1=Queensland Family History Society|title=Queensland schools past and present|year=2010|edition=Version 1.01|publisher=[[Queensland Family History Society]]|isbn=978-1-921171-26-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2020 |title=Our school |url=https://cunnamullap12ss.eq.edu.au/our-school |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Cunnamulla P-12 State School |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827210705/https://cunnamullap12ss.eq.edu.au/our-school |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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From 1885 when the railway was constructed to [[Bourke, New South Wales|Bourke]] in [[New South Wales]], farmers at Cunnamulla and other parts |
From 1885 when the railway was constructed to [[Bourke, New South Wales|Bourke]] in [[New South Wales]], farmers at Cunnamulla and other parts of south-western Queensland began to send their wool to markets via Bourke rather than to [[Charleville, Queensland|Charleville]], then the terminus of the [[Western railway line, Queensland|Western railway line]] in Queensland, as the [[New South Wales government]] offered more competitive rail freight rates than the [[Queensland Government]]. [[Commissioner of Railways (Queensland)|Queensland Railway Commissioner]] [[James Forsyth Thallon|James Thallon]] responded by negotiating with the Carrier's Union which carried goods to the Charleville railhead to make the cost of transporting the goods via Charleville more attractive. However, strikes by the carriers in support of the [[1891 Australian shearers' strike]] meant that goods continued to be travel via New South Wales, further encouraged by new lower freight rates in New South Wales announced in June 1893. The Queensland Government responded the following month by introducing the Railway Border Tax Act which taxed wool and sheepskins crossing the border into New South Wales to make it too expensive to freight the wool via New South Wales.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183116859|title=Parliament.|date=28 July 1893|newspaper=[[The Week (Brisbane)|The Week]]|access-date=24 July 2019|issue=918|location=Queensland, Australia|volume=XXXVI|page=9|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124022813/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/183116859|url-status=live}}</ref> However, this could only be a temporary measure as the anticipated [[Federation of Australia]] would likely include [[free trade]] between the states of Australia removing the ability to tax goods at the border crossing. Therefore, on 3 December 1895, the [[Queensland Parliament]] approved the construction of the {{Convert|121|mi||abbr=|adj=on}} extension of the Western railway line from Charleville to Cunnamulla.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article172726645|title=Pariament.|date=4 December 1895|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Brisbane)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=24 July 2019|issue=7,217|location=Queensland, Australia|page=6|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124022819/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/172726645|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> |
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During the construction of the railway line, there was a dispute over the location of the railway station at Cunnamulla. The original proposal was for the station to be to the north of the town to be above the flood level rather than within the town centre as was usual practice. However, the railway chief engineer [[Henry Charles Stanley]] visited Cunnamulla and decided it would be better to place the station in the centre of the town as it would be more convenient and better positioned for crossing the Warrego River when the railway line was further extended. However, the disadvantage of the town centre site was that it would encroach on the town's cricket ground. The townsfolk were divided on the issue and many sent petitions to the government to demand one location or the other.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3648116|title= |
During the construction of the railway line, there was a dispute over the location of the railway station at Cunnamulla. The original proposal was for the station to be to the north of the town to be above the flood level rather than within the town centre as was usual practice. However, the railway chief engineer [[Henry Charles Stanley]] visited Cunnamulla and decided it would be better to place the station in the centre of the town as it would be more convenient and better positioned for crossing the Warrego River when the railway line was further extended. However, the disadvantage of the town centre site was that it would encroach on the town's cricket ground. The townsfolk were divided on the issue and many sent petitions to the government to demand one location or the other.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3648116|title=The Cunnamulla Extension.|date=30 March 1897|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|access-date=24 July 2019|issue=12,234|location=Queensland, Australia|volume=LIII|page=4|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531093426/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3648116|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article81630461|title=Logrolling Extraordinary.|date=15 December 1897|newspaper=[[The North Queensland Register]]|access-date=24 July 2019|location=Queensland, Australia|page=23|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531093426/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/81630461|url-status=live}}</ref> The Queensland Parliament eventually decided to proceed with the original location north of the town.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article217723561|title=Tuesday's Parliament.|date=2 December 1897|newspaper=[[Toowoomba Chronicle and Darling Downs General Advertiser]]|access-date=24 July 2019|issue=5609|location=Queensland, Australia|page=2|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531093427/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/217723561|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> The railway line to Cunnamulla was opened on 10 October 1898.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author1=Kerr|first=John|title=Triumph of narrow gauge: a history of Queensland Railways|pages=81–82|year=1990|publisher=Boolarong Publications|isbn=978-0-86439-102-5}}</ref> However, the hotel on the corner of John and Louise Streets in the centre of the town had already been named the Railway Hotel in anticipation of a town-centre station and retained that name until the 1970s, when it was renamed Trappers Inn.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Information plaque on Trapper's Inn|publisher=Cunnamulla Pathways|year=2019}}</ref> |
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[[File:Catholic church at Cunnamulla, Western Qld - circa 1930s.jpg|thumb|Catholic church, circa 1930s]] |
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Sacred Heart Catholic Church was opened officially opened on 23 May 1894 by [[Thomas Joseph Byrnes|Thomas Byrnes]] and dedicated by Father Corrigon, the parish priest. The building was {{Convert|70 by 30|ft}} and capable of seating about 250 people with 30 people in the organ loft. It was {{Convert|40|ft}} high, the tallest building in Cunnamulla. It was made from locally-grown cypress with finer-quality Warwick pine used for the floor and ceiling. It was the first church in Cunnamulla.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3580383|title=To the Far South-West.|date=24 May 1894|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|access-date=26 July 2019|issue=11,344|location=Queensland, Australia|volume=L|page=5|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531093427/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3580383|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 July 1894 |title=To the Far South West. - V. Cunnamulla |page=22 |newspaper=[[The Queenslander]] |location=Queensland, Australia |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20717944 |accessdate=27 August 2022 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827210710/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20717944 |url-status=live }}</ref> The 1894 church building was demolished in 1971 to be replaced by the current church building which opened in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blake |first=Thom |title=Sacred Heart Catholic Church (1894) |url=https://www.thomblake.com.au/qc_new/view_p.php?id=5729 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Queensland religious places database |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827210709/https://www.thomblake.com.au/qc_new/view_p.php?id=5729 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blake |first=Thom |title=Sacred Heart Catholic Church (1972) |url=https://www.thomblake.com.au/qc_new/view_p.php?id=3180 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Queensland religious places database |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827210711/https://www.thomblake.com.au/qc_new/view_p.php?id=3180 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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The foundation stone for an Anglican church was laid in January 1896 by Christopher Francis, the police magistrate.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 January 1896 |title=Points and Pars |volume=XLI |page=17 |newspaper=[[The Week (Brisbane)|The Week]] |issue=1,047 |location=Queensland, Australia |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183087893 |via=National Library of Australia |accessdate=4 March 2022 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531093428/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/183087893 |url-status=live }}</ref> The church was opened on Saturday 20 June 1896 by [[Anglican Bishop of Brisbane|Bishop]] [[Jack Stretch]]. The bishop was injured on his way to Cunnamulla, as he shot at a turkey from his [[Horse and buggy|buggy]], frightening the horses, resulting in a crash with a tree stump, but was still able to perform the ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 July 1896 |title=Queensland |volume=L |page=4 |newspaper=[[The Queenslander]] |issue=1080 |location=Queensland, Australia |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20449625 |via=National Library of Australia |accessdate=4 March 2022}}</ref> |
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A Catholic church opened in Cunnamulla in May 1894.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3580383|title=TO THE FAR SOUTH-WEST.|date=24 May 1894|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|accessdate=26 July 2019|issue=11,344|location=Queensland, Australia|volume=L|page=5|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> |
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The [[Bush Brotherhood|Bush Brotherhood of St Paul]] has provided pastoral care to Cunnamulla since 1905.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paroo.info/Attractions/St-Alban-s-Anglican-Church.aspx|title=Cunnamulla St Alban's Anglican Church|website=Cunnamulla Tourist Info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222220815/https://www.paroo.info/Attractions/St-Alban-s-Anglican-Church.aspx|archive-date=22 February 2017|url-status=live|access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> |
The [[Bush Brotherhood|Bush Brotherhood of St Paul]] has provided pastoral care to Cunnamulla since 1905.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paroo.info/Attractions/St-Alban-s-Anglican-Church.aspx|title=Cunnamulla St Alban's Anglican Church|website=Cunnamulla Tourist Info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222220815/https://www.paroo.info/Attractions/St-Alban-s-Anglican-Church.aspx|archive-date=22 February 2017|url-status=live|access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> |
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| Line 72: | Line 82: | ||
The Sacred Heart Primary School was opened in 1915 by the [[Sisters of Mercy]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cunnamulla.catholic.edu.au/|title=Sacred Heart Parish School|website=Sacred Heart Parish School|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723073347/http://www.cunnamulla.catholic.edu.au/|archive-date=23 July 2019|url-status=live|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> |
The Sacred Heart Primary School was opened in 1915 by the [[Sisters of Mercy]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cunnamulla.catholic.edu.au/|title=Sacred Heart Parish School|website=Sacred Heart Parish School|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723073347/http://www.cunnamulla.catholic.edu.au/|archive-date=23 July 2019|url-status=live|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> |
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In 1970, [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]], the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]] and [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]] toured Australia including Queensland. The Queensland tour began on Sunday 12 April when the royal yacht ''[[HMY Britannia]]'' entered [[Moreton Bay]] at [[Caloundra]], sailing into [[Newstead, Queensland|Newstead Wharf]]. Princess Anne accepted an invitation to spend three days on a working sheep station in south-west Queensland. She flew to Cunnamulla on 14 April, travelling {{convert|47|mi}} by road to ‘Talbarea Station’ unaccompanied. Princess Anne arrived in Cunnamulla in a government jet a little ahead of schedule. She travelled around the district in a maroon [[Rolls-Royce]] which was unloaded from the back of a [[Royal Australian Air Force]] transport aircraft. Princess Anne was given a demonstration of sheep shearing and wool classing on the working property and was accompanied on a horse ride during her stay.<ref>{{SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/state-queensland-welcomes-royalty-1970-part-1-inland-tour|title=The state of Queensland welcomes royalty in 1970 - Part 1 The Inland Tour|date=6 May 2022|author(s)=Anne Scheu|accessdate=18 May 2022}}</ref> |
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In 1999 the Queensland Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy and Development reported that Cunnamulla's [[indigenous Australians|indigenous community]] suffered from a high level of domestic violence stemming from an over reliance by the police and the courts on punishment and detention to deal with Indigenous offenders.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women's Task Force on Violence |publisher=Queensland Government |year=1999 |url=http://www.datsip.qld.gov.au/pdf/taskforce.pdf |accessdate=10 August 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060917224821/http://www.datsip.qld.gov.au/pdf/taskforce.pdf |archivedate=17 September 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }} p47</ref> |
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In 1999, the Queensland Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy and Development reported that Cunnamulla's [[indigenous Australians|indigenous community]] suffered from a high level of domestic violence stemming from an over reliance by the police and the courts on punishment and detention to deal with Indigenous offenders.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women's Task Force on Violence |publisher=Queensland Government |year=1999 |url=http://www.datsip.qld.gov.au/pdf/taskforce.pdf |access-date=10 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060917224821/http://www.datsip.qld.gov.au/pdf/taskforce.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2006 |url-status=dead}} p47</ref> |
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The Cunnamulla library underwent a major refurbishment in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/388497/SLQ_StatsBulletin1617_20171109.pdf|title=The Queensland Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016–2017|website=Public Libraries Connect|access-date=15 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130022546/http://www.plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/388497/SLQ_StatsBulletin1617_20171109.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
The Cunnamulla library underwent a major refurbishment in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/388497/SLQ_StatsBulletin1617_20171109.pdf|title=The Queensland Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016–2017|website=Public Libraries Connect|access-date=15 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130022546/http://www.plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/388497/SLQ_StatsBulletin1617_20171109.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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===Flooding=== |
===Flooding=== |
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The town has experienced major flooding in 1990, 1997, [[March 2010 Queensland floods|2010]] and 2012. The 1990 flood set a record for the Warrego River at {{convert|10.15|m|ftin}}.<ref name="lhc">{{Cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-06/levees-holds-at-charleville/3813028 |title=Levee holds at Charleville | |
The town has experienced major flooding in 1990, 1997, [[March 2010 Queensland floods|2010]] and 2012. The 1990 flood set a record for the Warrego River at {{convert|10.15|m|ftin}}.<ref name="lhc">{{Cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-06/levees-holds-at-charleville/3813028 |title=Levee holds at Charleville |access-date=7 February 2012 |date=6 February 2012 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207090942/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-06/levees-holds-at-charleville/3813028 |archive-date=7 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, the [[Australian Defence Force]] was deployed to assist in flood preparations.<ref name="fdmc">{{Cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/flooding-disaster-may-cost-farmers-1b/2008/01/21/1200764171922.html |title=Flooding disaster may cost farmers $1b |access-date=7 February 2012 |date=22 January 2008 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218223436/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/flooding-disaster-may-cost-farmers-1b/2008/01/21/1200764171922.html |archive-date=18 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> An {{convert|11|m|abbr=on}} high [[levee]] protects the town.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/content/2012/s3438084.htm|title=Recovering from Queensland's 2012 flood|last=Felton-Taylor|first=Arlie|date=23 February 2012|work=ABC Rural|access-date=23 July 2019|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|last2=Phillips|first2=Amy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723070633/https://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/content/2012/s3438084.htm|archive-date=23 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Demographics == |
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In the {{CensusAU|2016}}, the locality of Cunnamulla had a population of 1,140 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 37.2% of the population. 88.7% of people were born in Australia and 91.5% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Catholic (34.5%), Anglican (27.8%), and No Religion (16.4%).<ref name="Census2016">{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC30773|name=Cunnamulla (SSC)|accessdate=20 October 2018|quick=on}}</ref> |
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In the {{CensusAU|2021}}, the locality of Cunnamulla had a population of 1,233 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 44.4% of the population. 88.6% of people were born in Australia and 91.9% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion (33.4%), Catholic (29.2%), and Anglican (18.8%).<ref name="Census2021">{{Census 2021 AUS|id=SAL30767|name=Cunnamulla (SAL)|accessdate=18 April 2023|quick=on}}</ref> |
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==Heritage listings== |
==Heritage listings== |
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Cunnamulla has a number of [[heritage-listed]] sites, including: |
Cunnamulla has a number of [[heritage-listed]] sites, including: |
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* Former Invincible Theatre, Jane Street<ref name=":3" /> |
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* John Street: [[Cunnamulla War Memorial Fountain]]<ref>{{cite QHR|15535|Cunnamulla War Memorial Fountain|600760|accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> |
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* |
* [[Cunnamulla War Memorial Fountain]], John Street<ref>{{cite QHR|15535|Cunnamulla War Memorial Fountain|600760|accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> |
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* |
* [[Paroo Shire Honour Board]], Civic Centre, Louise Street<ref>{{cite QHR|15536|Paroo Shire Honour Board|600761|accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> |
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* [[The Robbers Tree]], Stockyard Street<ref>{{cite QHR|15537|The Robbers Tree|600762|accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> |
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* Cunnamulla Post Office, Stockyard Street<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Paroo Shire Planning Scheme: Schedule 6 - Local Heritage Places |url=https://www.paroo.qld.gov.au/downloads/file/497/paroo-shire-planning-scheme-2019 |access-date=6 December 2022 |website=Paroo Shire Council |pages=124–129 |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206020528/https://www.paroo.qld.gov.au/downloads/file/497/paroo-shire-planning-scheme-2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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==Population== |
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[[File:House, Cunnamulla, 2019.jpg|thumb|House in Emma Street, Cunnamulla, 2019]] |
[[File:House, Cunnamulla, 2019.jpg|thumb|House in Emma Street, Cunnamulla, 2019]] |
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According to the [[2016 Australian census|2016 census]] of Population, there were 1,140 people in Cunnamulla. |
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* Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 37.2% of the population. |
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* 88.7% of people were born in Australia and 91.5% of people spoke only English at home. |
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* The most common responses for religion were Catholic (34.5%), Anglican (27.8%), and No Religion (16.4%).<ref name=Census2016/> |
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== |
== Education == |
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Cunnamulla P–12 State School is a government primary and secondary (Early Childhood to Year 12) school for boys and girls at 17 Francis Street ({{coord|-28.0711|145.6793|type:edu_region:AU-QLD|name=Cunnamulla P-12 State School}}).<ref name="SchoolList2018">{{cite web |date=9 July 2018 |title=State and non-state school details |url=https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/state-and-non-state-school-details/resource/5b39065c-df32-415c-994c-5ff12f8de997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121065959/https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/state-and-non-state-school-details/resource/5b39065c-df32-415c-994c-5ff12f8de997 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cunnamulla P-12 State School |url=https://cunnamullap12ss.eq.edu.au/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318103556/https://cunnamullap12ss.eq.edu.au/ |archive-date=18 March 2020 |access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref> In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 98 students with 17 teachers (16 full-time equivalent) and 20 non-teaching staff (14 full-time equivalent).<ref name="ACARA2017">{{cite web |title=ACARA School Profile 2017 |url=http://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-20172c7b12404c94637ead88ff00003e0139.xlsx?sfvrsn=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122010027/http://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-20172c7b12404c94637ead88ff00003e0139.xlsx?sfvrsn=0 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref> |
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Sacred Heart Primary School is a Catholic primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 46 John Street ({{coord|-28.0725|145.6832|type:edu_region:AU-QLD|name=Sacred Heart Primary School}}).<ref name="SchoolList2018" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Sacred Heart Primary School |url=https://www.twb.catholic.edu.au |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210061004/https://www.twb.catholic.edu.au/ |archive-date=10 December 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref> In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 84 students with 8 teachers (7 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent).<ref name="ACARA2017" /> |
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== Facilities == |
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[[File:Cunnamulla library operated by the Paroo Shire Council, 2019.jpg|thumb|Cunnamulla library, 2019]] |
[[File:Cunnamulla library operated by the Paroo Shire Council, 2019.jpg|thumb|Cunnamulla library, 2019]] |
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Cunnamulla has a magistrates court |
Cunnamulla has a magistrates court, a primary health care facility and a fire station.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://queenslandplaces.com.au/cunnamulla|title=Cunnamulla|publisher=Centre for the Government of Queensland|access-date=12 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413231128/http://queenslandplaces.com.au/cunnamulla|archive-date=13 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Amenities == |
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The [[Shire of Paroo|Paroo Shire Council]] operates a public library in Cunnamulla at 16 John Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/networking/directory-of-public-libraries/branches/paroo/cunnamulla_library|title=Cunnamulla Library|website=Public Libraries Connect|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115184731/http://plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/networking/directory-of-public-libraries/branches/paroo/cunnamulla_library|archive-date=15 January 2018|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> |
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St Albans Anglican Church is at 23 Emma Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anglicanchurchsq.org.au/locations/|title=Locations|website=Anglican Church of Southern Queensland|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110073132/https://anglicanchurchsq.org.au/locations/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Cunnamulla has a public swimming pool, showground, and racecourse.<ref name=":2" /> |
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Cunnamulla had a rugby league team called the Cunnamulla Rams. In 2022, they merged with Charleville Comets to form the Western Ringers, who play in the [[Roma District Rugby League]]. |
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St Albans Anglican Church is at 23 Emma Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anglicanchurchsq.org.au/locations/|title=Locations|last=|first=|date=|website=Anglican Church of Southern Queensland|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 November 2019}}</ref> |
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== Attractions == |
== Attractions == |
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There are two museums and a tourist information centre. The town has two caravan parks, one at the Warrego Riverside and the other within the town boundaries. |
There are two museums and a tourist information centre. The town has two caravan parks, one at the Warrego Riverside and the other within the town boundaries. |
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== |
== Cultural references == |
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The climax of the 1888 novel ''[[Robbery Under Arms]]'' by [[Rolf Boldrewood]] takes place around the town of Cunnamulla and at a fictional location north of the town called Murrynebone Creek. |
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Cunnamulla P-12 State School is a government primary and secondary (Early Childhood-12) school for boys and girls at 17 Francis Street ({{coord|-28.0711|145.6793|type:edu_region:AU-QLD|name=Cunnamulla P-12 State School}}).<ref name="SchoolList2018">{{cite web|url=https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/state-and-non-state-school-details/resource/5b39065c-df32-415c-994c-5ff12f8de997|title=State and non-state school details|date=9 July 2018|publisher=[[Queensland Government]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121065959/https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/state-and-non-state-school-details/resource/5b39065c-df32-415c-994c-5ff12f8de997|archivedate=21 November 2018|url-status=live|accessdate=21 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cunnamullap12ss.eq.edu.au|title=Cunnamulla P-12 State School|accessdate=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503124316/http://cunnamullap12ss.eq.edu.au/|archive-date=3 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 98 students with 17 teachers (16 full-time equivalent) and 20 non-teaching staff (14 full-time equivalent).<ref name="ACARA2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-20172c7b12404c94637ead88ff00003e0139.xlsx?sfvrsn=0|title=ACARA School Profile 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122010027/http://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-20172c7b12404c94637ead88ff00003e0139.xlsx?sfvrsn=0|archivedate=22 November 2018|url-status=live|accessdate=22 November 2018}}</ref> |
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Cunnamulla was the subject of a 2000 [[Cunnamulla (documentary)|documentary film]] of the same name by [[Dennis O'Rourke]], in which he followed several members of the community as they went about their daily lives. The film earned $132,485 at the Australian box office.<ref>[http://www.film.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/967/AA4_Aust_Box_office_report.pdf "Australian Films at the Australian Box Office", ''Film Victoria''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209075310/http://www.film.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/967/AA4_Aust_Box_office_report.pdf |date=9 February 2014 }} accessed 12 November 2012</ref> |
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Sacred Heart Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 46 John Street ({{coord|-28.0725|145.6832|type:edu_region:AU-QLD|name=Sacred Heart Primary School}}).<ref name="SchoolList2018" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.twb.catholic.edu.au|title=Sacred Heart Primary School|accessdate=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210061004/https://www.twb.catholic.edu.au/|archive-date=10 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 84 students with 8 teachers (7 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent).<ref name="ACARA2017" /> |
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Cunnamulla is the main setting for [[Henry Lawson]]'s short story "The Hypnotised Township" from his anthology ''The Rising of the Court, and Other Sketches in Prose and Verse''. The song "[[Cunnamulla Fella]]", written by [[Stan Coster]] and sung by [[Slim Dusty]], is commemorated by a statue in the town centre that was unveiled in 2005, when the eponymous Cunnamulla Fella Festival was established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/things-to-see-and-do/cunnamulla-fella/index.cfm|title=Cunnamulla Fella|publisher=Tourism Queensland|access-date=1 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722092807/http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/things-to-see-and-do/cunnamulla-fella/index.cfm|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cunnamullafellafestival.com.au/about-the-festival|title=About the Festival|publisher=Cunnamulla Fella Festival|archive-url=http://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20170218102837/http://www.cunnamullafellafestival.com.au/about-the-festival|archive-date=18 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==Cultural references== |
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Cunnamulla was the subject of a 2000 [[Cunnamulla (documentary)|documentary film]] of the same name by [[Dennis O'Rourke]], in which he followed several members of the community as they went about their daily lives. The film earned $132,485 at the Australian box office.<ref>[http://www.film.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/967/AA4_Aust_Box_office_report.pdf "Australian Films at the Australian Box Office", ''Film Victoria''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209075310/http://www.film.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/967/AA4_Aust_Box_office_report.pdf |date=9 February 2014 }} accessed 12 November 2012</ref> |
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== Climate == |
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Cunnamulla is the main setting for [[Henry Lawson]]'s short story "The Hypnotised Township" from his anthology ''The Rising of the Court, and Other Sketches in Prose and Verse''. The song "The Cunnamulla Fella", written by [[Stan Coster]] and sung by [[Slim Dusty]], is commemorated by a statue in the town centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/things-to-see-and-do/cunnamulla-fella/index.cfm|title=Cunnamulla Fella|publisher=Tourism Queensland|accessdate=1 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722092807/http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/things-to-see-and-do/cunnamulla-fella/index.cfm|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Cunnamulla experiences a [[semi-arid climate#hot semi-arid climate|hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen:]] BSh), with very hot summers and mild winters with occasional frost. Average maxima range from {{convert|36.2|C}} in January to {{convert|18.9|C}} in July. Annual precipitation is rather low, averaging {{convert|374.8|mm|in|abbr=on}}, with a summer maximum. The town is expectedly sunny, with 184.8 clear days and only 67.6 cloudy days annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|47.2|C}} on 3 January 2014 to {{convert|-2.2|C}} on 26 June 1971 and 26 July 1968.<ref>{{cite web |
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|url = https://www.farmonlineweather.com.au/climate/station.jsp?lt=site&lc=44026 |title = Cunnamulla Post Office Climate (1879-2024) |publisher = FarmOnline Weather |access-date = July 22, 2024}}</ref> |
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==Climate== |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
|location = Cunnamulla |
|location = Cunnamulla (28º04'12"S, 145º40'48"E, 189 m AMSL) (1879-2024 normals, extremes 1957-2024) |
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|metric first = Yes |
|metric first = Yes |
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|single line = Yes |
|single line = Yes |
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|Jan record high C = 47.2 |
|Jan record high C = 47.2 |
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|Feb record high C = 45. |
|Feb record high C = 45.6 |
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|Mar record high C = 43.3 |
|Mar record high C = 43.3 |
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|Apr record high C = 37.3 |
|Apr record high C = 37.3 |
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|May record high C = 32.7 |
|May record high C = 32.7 |
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|Jun record high C = 30.4 |
|Jun record high C = 30.4 |
||
|Jul record high C = |
|Jul record high C = 31.8 |
||
|Aug record high C = 36.8 |
|Aug record high C = 36.8 |
||
|Sep record high C = |
|Sep record high C = 40.7 |
||
|Oct record high C = 42.0 |
|Oct record high C = 42.0 |
||
|Nov record high C = |
|Nov record high C = 45.4 |
||
|Dec record high C = 46. |
|Dec record high C = 46.2 |
||
| |
|Jan high C = 36.2 |
||
| |
|Feb high C = 35.0 |
||
| |
|Mar high C = 32.5 |
||
| |
|Apr high C = 28.1 |
||
| |
|May high C = 23.0 |
||
| |
|Jun high C = 19.4 |
||
| |
|Jul high C = 18.9 |
||
| |
|Aug high C = 21.5 |
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|Aug high C = 21.4 |
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|Sep high C = 25.7 |
|Sep high C = 25.7 |
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|Oct high C = 29. |
|Oct high C = 29.8 |
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|Nov high C = 32. |
|Nov high C = 32.9 |
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|Dec high C = 35. |
|Dec high C = 35.3 |
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| |
|Jan low C = 22.4 |
||
| |
|Feb low C = 21.8 |
||
| |
|Mar low C = 19.0 |
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| |
|Apr low C = 14.3 |
||
| |
|May low C = 9.9 |
||
| |
|Jun low C = 6.9 |
||
| |
|Jul low C = 5.8 |
||
| |
|Aug low C = 7.2 |
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| |
|Sep low C = 10.8 |
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| |
|Oct low C = 14.9 |
||
| |
|Nov low C = 18.2 |
||
| |
|Dec low C = 20.9 |
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|Dec low C = 20.7 |
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|year low C = 14.2 |
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|Jan record low C = 13.0 |
|Jan record low C = 13.0 |
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|Feb record low C = 11.5 |
|Feb record low C = 11.5 |
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| Line 166: | Line 189: | ||
|Nov record low C = 7.8 |
|Nov record low C = 7.8 |
||
|Dec record low C = 11.5 |
|Dec record low C = 11.5 |
||
|precipitation colour = green |
|||
|year record low C = -2.2 |
|||
|Jan precipitation mm = |
|Jan precipitation mm = 48.2 |
||
|Feb precipitation mm = |
|Feb precipitation mm = 49.9 |
||
|Mar precipitation mm = 41. |
|Mar precipitation mm = 41.7 |
||
|Apr precipitation mm = |
|Apr precipitation mm = 26.5 |
||
|May precipitation mm = 29. |
|May precipitation mm = 29.3 |
||
|Jun precipitation mm = 25. |
|Jun precipitation mm = 25.9 |
||
|Jul precipitation mm = 22. |
|Jul precipitation mm = 22.5 |
||
|Aug precipitation mm = 17. |
|Aug precipitation mm = 17.2 |
||
|Sep precipitation mm = 18. |
|Sep precipitation mm = 18.5 |
||
|Oct precipitation mm = 25. |
|Oct precipitation mm = 25.5 |
||
|Nov precipitation mm = 30.7 |
|Nov precipitation mm = 30.7 |
||
|Dec precipitation mm = |
|Dec precipitation mm = 38.6 |
||
|year precipitation mm = |
|year precipitation mm = 374.8 |
||
| |
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |
||
| |
|Jan precipitation days = 3.6 |
||
| |
|Feb precipitation days = 3.3 |
||
| |
|Mar precipitation days = 3.1 |
||
| |
|Apr precipitation days = 2.0 |
||
| |
|May precipitation days = 2.5 |
||
| |
|Jun precipitation days = 2.9 |
||
| |
|Jul precipitation days = 2.5 |
||
| |
|Aug precipitation days = 2.0 |
||
| |
|Sep precipitation days = 2.2 |
||
| |
|Oct precipitation days = 3.0 |
||
| |
|Nov precipitation days = 3.4 |
||
| |
|Dec precipitation days = 3.3 |
||
|Jan afthumidity = 29 |
|||
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_044026_All.shtml| publisher = Bureau of Meteorology| title = Climate statistics for Cunnamulla| accessdate = 18 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141218160457/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_044026_All.shtml| archive-date = 18 December 2014| url-status = live}}</ref> |
|||
|Feb afthumidity = 32 |
|||
|date=December 2014 |
|||
|Mar afthumidity = 32 |
|||
|Apr afthumidity = 34 |
|||
|May afthumidity = 40 |
|||
|Jun afthumidity = 44 |
|||
|Jul afthumidity = 40 |
|||
|Aug afthumidity = 32 |
|||
|Sep afthumidity = 26 |
|||
|Oct afthumidity = 25 |
|||
|Nov afthumidity = 25 |
|||
|Dec afthumidity = 24 |
|||
|Jan dew point C = 11.8 |
|||
|Feb dew point C = 12.7 |
|||
|Mar dew point C = 10.5 |
|||
|Apr dew point C = 8.3 |
|||
|May dew point C = 7.0 |
|||
|Jun dew point C = 5.7 |
|||
|Jul dew point C = 3.5 |
|||
|Aug dew point C = 2.5 |
|||
|Sep dew point C = 2.8 |
|||
|Oct dew point C = 4.5 |
|||
|Nov dew point C = 6.7 |
|||
|Dec dew point C = 8.2 |
|||
|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology]] (1879-2024 normals, extremes 1957-2024)<ref>{{cite web |
|||
|url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_044026_All.shtml |
|||
|title = Cunnamulla Post Office Climate Statistics (1879-2024) |
|||
|publisher = [[Bureau of Meteorology]] |
|||
|access-date = July 22, 2024}} |
|||
</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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| Line 202: | Line 253: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Wikivoyage|Cunnamulla}} |
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{{commons category|Cunnamulla, Queensland}} |
{{commons category|Cunnamulla, Queensland}} |
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{{wikisource|The Hypnotised Township}} |
{{wikisource|The Hypnotised Township}} |
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* [https://cunnamullatourism.com.au/ Cunnamulla Tourism] |
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* [http://queenslandplaces.com.au/cunnamulla University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Cunnamulla] |
* [http://queenslandplaces.com.au/cunnamulla University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Cunnamulla] |
||
* [https://www.cunnamullashow.com.au/ Cunnamulla Show] |
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* [https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/dls06p/alma996912234702061 Annual reports Cunnamulla Hospitals Board], [[State Library of Queensland]] |
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{{Shire of Paroo}} |
{{Shire of Paroo}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Cunnamulla| ]] |
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[[Category:Towns in Queensland]] |
[[Category:Towns in Queensland]] |
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1868]] |
[[Category:Populated places established in 1868]] |
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[[Category:Shire of Paroo]] |
[[Category:Shire of Paroo]] |
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[[Category:1868 establishments in Australia]] |
[[Category:1868 establishments in Australia]] |
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[[Category:Cunnamulla| ]] |
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[[Category:Localities in Queensland]] |
[[Category:Localities in Queensland]] |
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[[Category:Western railway line, Queensland]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:03, 6 December 2024
| Cunnamulla Queensland | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Cunnamulla war memorial, 2010 | |||||||||||||||
  Cunnamulla | |||||||||||||||
| Coordinates | 28°04′13″S 145°40′57″E / 28.0702°S 145.6825°E | ||||||||||||||
| Population | 1,233 (2021 census)[1] | ||||||||||||||
| • Density | 0.26856/km2 (0.69558/sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| Established | 1868 | ||||||||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 4490 | ||||||||||||||
| Elevation | 189 m (620 ft) | ||||||||||||||
| Area | 4,591.1 km2 (1,772.6 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) | ||||||||||||||
| Location |
| ||||||||||||||
| LGA(s) | Shire of Paroo | ||||||||||||||
| County | Wellington County, Queensland | ||||||||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Warrego | ||||||||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Maranoa | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Cunnamulla (/kʌnəˈmʌlə/)[2] is a town and a locality in the Shire of Paroo, Queensland, Australia.[3][4] It is 206 kilometres (128 mi) south of Charleville, and approximately 750 kilometres (470 mi) west of the state capital, Brisbane. In the 2021 census, the locality of Cunnamulla had a population of 1,233 people.[1]
Geography
[edit]Cunnamulla lies on the Warrego River in South West Queensland within the Murray–Darling drainage basin. It flows from the north (Coongoola) through the town, which is in the centre of the locality, and exits to the south (Tuen).[5]
The Mitchell Highway passes through the locality from north (Coongoola) to south (Tuen), while the Balonne Highway enters the location from the east (Linden). The two highways intersect in the town, which is located in the centre of the locality. The Bulloo Developmental Road starts in Cunnamulla and exits the locality to the west (Eulo).[5]
Cunnamulla is the administrative centre for the Paroo Shire, which also includes the townships of Wyandra, Yowah and Eulo, and covers an area of 47,617 square kilometres (18,385 sq mi).
Major industries of the area are cattle, sheep and goat farming, along with tourism and opal mining.
History
[edit]Gunya (also known as Kunya, Kunja, Kurnja) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Gunya people. The Gunya language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Paroo Shire Council, taking in Cunnamulla and extending north towards Augathella, east towards Bollon and west towards Thargomindah.[6]
The original Indigenous inhabitants of the area were the Kunja. The first European explorer to arrive was Edmund Kennedy, whose expedition passed through the region in 1847.[7] Kennedy's group noted fields of native grasses that appeared to be being cultivated like a wheat crop, but they only had limited interaction with the people who resided there.[8]
Pastoralists arrived to take land from 1861 when squatter Alexander Keith Collins led an exploratory group through the region that had several skirmishes with the local Aboriginal people.[9] Collins was later investigated for kidnapping two Aboriginal boys.[10] By 1863, all of the land along the southern Warrego River had been acquired by pastoralists.[11]
The town name of Cunnamulla is derived from the Cunnamullah cattle station established by Samuel Smith in 1863,[11] which in turn is the Aboriginal name of a deep waterhole in the Warrego River.[3]
A settlement arose here because there was a reliable waterhole where two major stock routes intersected.[12] The town itself came into being in the late 19th century as a coach stop for Cobb and Co coaches.[13] A town survey was conducted in 1868, the same year a courthouse was built.[12] Cunnamulla Post Office opened on 1 March 1868.[14]
Cunnamulla Provisional School opened on 9 July 1877, becoming Cunnamulla State School in 1885.[15][16]
From 1885 when the railway was constructed to Bourke in New South Wales, farmers at Cunnamulla and other parts of south-western Queensland began to send their wool to markets via Bourke rather than to Charleville, then the terminus of the Western railway line in Queensland, as the New South Wales government offered more competitive rail freight rates than the Queensland Government. Queensland Railway Commissioner James Thallon responded by negotiating with the Carrier's Union which carried goods to the Charleville railhead to make the cost of transporting the goods via Charleville more attractive. However, strikes by the carriers in support of the 1891 Australian shearers' strike meant that goods continued to be travel via New South Wales, further encouraged by new lower freight rates in New South Wales announced in June 1893. The Queensland Government responded the following month by introducing the Railway Border Tax Act which taxed wool and sheepskins crossing the border into New South Wales to make it too expensive to freight the wool via New South Wales.[17] However, this could only be a temporary measure as the anticipated Federation of Australia would likely include free trade between the states of Australia removing the ability to tax goods at the border crossing. Therefore, on 3 December 1895, the Queensland Parliament approved the construction of the 121-mile (195 km) extension of the Western railway line from Charleville to Cunnamulla.[18][19]
During the construction of the railway line, there was a dispute over the location of the railway station at Cunnamulla. The original proposal was for the station to be to the north of the town to be above the flood level rather than within the town centre as was usual practice. However, the railway chief engineer Henry Charles Stanley visited Cunnamulla and decided it would be better to place the station in the centre of the town as it would be more convenient and better positioned for crossing the Warrego River when the railway line was further extended. However, the disadvantage of the town centre site was that it would encroach on the town's cricket ground. The townsfolk were divided on the issue and many sent petitions to the government to demand one location or the other.[20][21] The Queensland Parliament eventually decided to proceed with the original location north of the town.[22][19] The railway line to Cunnamulla was opened on 10 October 1898.[19] However, the hotel on the corner of John and Louise Streets in the centre of the town had already been named the Railway Hotel in anticipation of a town-centre station and retained that name until the 1970s, when it was renamed Trappers Inn.[23]
Sacred Heart Catholic Church was opened officially opened on 23 May 1894 by Thomas Byrnes and dedicated by Father Corrigon, the parish priest. The building was 70 by 30 feet (21.3 by 9.1 m) and capable of seating about 250 people with 30 people in the organ loft. It was 40 feet (12 m) high, the tallest building in Cunnamulla. It was made from locally-grown cypress with finer-quality Warwick pine used for the floor and ceiling. It was the first church in Cunnamulla.[24][25] The 1894 church building was demolished in 1971 to be replaced by the current church building which opened in 1972.[26][27]
The foundation stone for an Anglican church was laid in January 1896 by Christopher Francis, the police magistrate.[28] The church was opened on Saturday 20 June 1896 by Bishop Jack Stretch. The bishop was injured on his way to Cunnamulla, as he shot at a turkey from his buggy, frightening the horses, resulting in a crash with a tree stump, but was still able to perform the ceremony.[29]
The Bush Brotherhood of St Paul has provided pastoral care to Cunnamulla since 1905.[30]
The Sacred Heart Primary School was opened in 1915 by the Sisters of Mercy.[15][31]
In 1970, Queen Elizabeth II, the Duke of Edinburgh and Princess Anne toured Australia including Queensland. The Queensland tour began on Sunday 12 April when the royal yacht HMY Britannia entered Moreton Bay at Caloundra, sailing into Newstead Wharf. Princess Anne accepted an invitation to spend three days on a working sheep station in south-west Queensland. She flew to Cunnamulla on 14 April, travelling 47 miles (76 km) by road to ‘Talbarea Station’ unaccompanied. Princess Anne arrived in Cunnamulla in a government jet a little ahead of schedule. She travelled around the district in a maroon Rolls-Royce which was unloaded from the back of a Royal Australian Air Force transport aircraft. Princess Anne was given a demonstration of sheep shearing and wool classing on the working property and was accompanied on a horse ride during her stay.[32]
In 1999, the Queensland Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy and Development reported that Cunnamulla's indigenous community suffered from a high level of domestic violence stemming from an over reliance by the police and the courts on punishment and detention to deal with Indigenous offenders.[33]
The Cunnamulla library underwent a major refurbishment in 2013.[34]
Flooding
[edit]The town has experienced major flooding in 1990, 1997, 2010 and 2012. The 1990 flood set a record for the Warrego River at 10.15 metres (33 ft 4 in).[35] In 2008, the Australian Defence Force was deployed to assist in flood preparations.[36] An 11 m (36 ft) high levee protects the town.[37]
Demographics
[edit]In the 2016 census, the locality of Cunnamulla had a population of 1,140 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 37.2% of the population. 88.7% of people were born in Australia and 91.5% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Catholic (34.5%), Anglican (27.8%), and No Religion (16.4%).[38]
In the 2021 census, the locality of Cunnamulla had a population of 1,233 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 44.4% of the population. 88.6% of people were born in Australia and 91.9% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion (33.4%), Catholic (29.2%), and Anglican (18.8%).[1]
Heritage listings
[edit]Cunnamulla has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
- Former Invincible Theatre, Jane Street[39]
- Cunnamulla War Memorial Fountain, John Street[40]
- Paroo Shire Honour Board, Civic Centre, Louise Street[41]
- The Robbers Tree, Stockyard Street[42]
- Cunnamulla Post Office, Stockyard Street[39]
Education
[edit]Cunnamulla P–12 State School is a government primary and secondary (Early Childhood to Year 12) school for boys and girls at 17 Francis Street (28°04′16″S 145°40′45″E / 28.0711°S 145.6793°E).[43][44] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 98 students with 17 teachers (16 full-time equivalent) and 20 non-teaching staff (14 full-time equivalent).[45]
Sacred Heart Primary School is a Catholic primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 46 John Street (28°04′21″S 145°41′00″E / 28.0725°S 145.6832°E).[43][46] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 84 students with 8 teachers (7 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (4 full-time equivalent).[45]
Facilities
[edit]
Cunnamulla has a magistrates court, a primary health care facility and a fire station.[47]
Amenities
[edit]The Paroo Shire Council operates a public library in Cunnamulla at 16 John Street.[48]
St Albans Anglican Church is at 23 Emma Street.[49]
Cunnamulla has a public swimming pool, showground, and racecourse.[47]
Cunnamulla had a rugby league team called the Cunnamulla Rams. In 2022, they merged with Charleville Comets to form the Western Ringers, who play in the Roma District Rugby League.
Attractions
[edit]There are two museums and a tourist information centre. The town has two caravan parks, one at the Warrego Riverside and the other within the town boundaries.
Cultural references
[edit]The climax of the 1888 novel Robbery Under Arms by Rolf Boldrewood takes place around the town of Cunnamulla and at a fictional location north of the town called Murrynebone Creek.
Cunnamulla was the subject of a 2000 documentary film of the same name by Dennis O'Rourke, in which he followed several members of the community as they went about their daily lives. The film earned $132,485 at the Australian box office.[50]
Cunnamulla is the main setting for Henry Lawson's short story "The Hypnotised Township" from his anthology The Rising of the Court, and Other Sketches in Prose and Verse. The song "Cunnamulla Fella", written by Stan Coster and sung by Slim Dusty, is commemorated by a statue in the town centre that was unveiled in 2005, when the eponymous Cunnamulla Fella Festival was established.[51][52]
Climate
[edit]Cunnamulla experiences a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh), with very hot summers and mild winters with occasional frost. Average maxima range from 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) in January to 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) in July. Annual precipitation is rather low, averaging 374.8 mm (14.76 in), with a summer maximum. The town is expectedly sunny, with 184.8 clear days and only 67.6 cloudy days annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 47.2 °C (117.0 °F) on 3 January 2014 to −2.2 °C (28.0 °F) on 26 June 1971 and 26 July 1968.[53]
| Climate data for Cunnamulla (28º04'12"S, 145º40'48"E, 189 m AMSL) (1879-2024 normals, extremes 1957-2024) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 47.2 (117.0) |
45.6 (114.1) |
43.3 (109.9) |
37.3 (99.1) |
32.7 (90.9) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
36.8 (98.2) |
40.7 (105.3) |
42.0 (107.6) |
45.4 (113.7) |
46.2 (115.2) |
47.2 (117.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 36.2 (97.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
28.1 (82.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
25.7 (78.3) |
29.8 (85.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
35.3 (95.5) |
28.2 (82.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
6.9 (44.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
14.3 (57.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) |
11.5 (52.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
2.0 (35.6) |
3.3 (37.9) |
7.8 (46.0) |
11.5 (52.7) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48.2 (1.90) |
49.9 (1.96) |
41.7 (1.64) |
26.5 (1.04) |
29.3 (1.15) |
25.9 (1.02) |
22.5 (0.89) |
17.2 (0.68) |
18.5 (0.73) |
25.5 (1.00) |
30.7 (1.21) |
38.6 (1.52) |
374.8 (14.76) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 33.8 |
| Average afternoon relative humidity (%) | 29 | 32 | 32 | 34 | 40 | 44 | 40 | 32 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 32 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
8.3 (46.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
5.7 (42.3) |
3.5 (38.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
2.8 (37.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
8.2 (46.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1879-2024 normals, extremes 1957-2024)[54] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Cunnamulla (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3
- ^ a b "Cunnamulla – town in Shire of Paroo (entry 9001)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- ^ "Cunnamulla – locality in Shire of Paroo (entry 49186)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- ^ a b "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ^ "Gunya". State Library of Queensland. 21 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
- ^ "Mr.. Kennedy's Expedition to the Victoria RIver". The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser. Vol. VI, no. 373. New South Wales, Australia. 29 January 1848. p. 4. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Beale, Edgar (1983). Kennedy, The Barcoo and Beyond 1847. Hobart: Blubber Head. ISBN 0908528116.
- ^ "The Rockhampton Bulletin and Central Queensland Advertiser". Rockhampton Bulletin And Central Queensland Advertiser. No. 14. Queensland, Australia. 5 October 1861. p. 2. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Supreme Court Sydney". Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser. Vol. I, no. 30. Queensland, Australia. 14 January 1862. p. 4. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b "The Warrego". Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser. Vol. III, no. 261. Queensland, Australia. 28 January 1864. p. 3. Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland) (2002). Heritage Trails of the Queensland Outback. State of Queensland. p. 20. ISBN 0-7345-1040-3.
- ^ "Cunnamulla - Queensland - Australia - Travel". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 February 2004. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ^ Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List". Phoenix Auctions. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ a b Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
- ^ "Our school". Cunnamulla P-12 State School. 21 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ "Parliament". The Week. Vol. XXXVI, no. 918. Queensland, Australia. 28 July 1893. p. 9. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Pariament". The Telegraph. No. 7, 217. Queensland, Australia. 4 December 1895. p. 6. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b c Kerr, John (1990), Triumph of narrow gauge: a history of Queensland Railways, Boolarong Publications, pp. 81–82, ISBN 978-0-86439-102-5
- ^ "The Cunnamulla Extension". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. LIII, no. 12, 234. Queensland, Australia. 30 March 1897. p. 4. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Logrolling Extraordinary". The North Queensland Register. Queensland, Australia. 15 December 1897. p. 23. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Tuesday's Parliament". Toowoomba Chronicle and Darling Downs General Advertiser. No. 5609. Queensland, Australia. 2 December 1897. p. 2. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Information plaque on Trapper's Inn. Cunnamulla Pathways. 2019.
- ^ "To the Far South-West". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. L, no. 11, 344. Queensland, Australia. 24 May 1894. p. 5. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "To the Far South West. - V. Cunnamulla". The Queenslander. Queensland, Australia. 7 July 1894. p. 22. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Blake, Thom. "Sacred Heart Catholic Church (1894)". Queensland religious places database. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ Blake, Thom. "Sacred Heart Catholic Church (1972)". Queensland religious places database. Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ "Points and Pars". The Week. Vol. XLI, no. 1, 047. Queensland, Australia. 17 January 1896. p. 17. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Queensland". The Queenslander. Vol. L, no. 1080. Queensland, Australia. 4 July 1896. p. 4. Retrieved 4 March 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Cunnamulla St Alban's Anglican Church". Cunnamulla Tourist Info. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
- ^ "Sacred Heart Parish School". Sacred Heart Parish School. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ^
This Wikipedia article incorporates text from The state of Queensland welcomes royalty in 1970 - Part 1 The Inland Tour (6 May 2022) published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 18 May 2022.
- ^ "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women's Task Force on Violence" (PDF). Queensland Government. 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2006. Retrieved 10 August 2007. p47
- ^ "The Queensland Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016–2017" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
- ^ "Levee holds at Charleville". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 February 2012. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ^ "Flooding disaster may cost farmers $1b". The Sydney Morning Herald. 22 January 2008. Archived from the original on 18 December 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ^ Felton-Taylor, Arlie; Phillips, Amy (23 February 2012). "Recovering from Queensland's 2012 flood". ABC Rural. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
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- ^ a b "ACARA School Profile 2017". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
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External links
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Cunnamulla.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cunnamulla, Queensland.
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