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| full name = Ekateriné Alexandres asuli Dadiani-Chavchavadze
| full name = Ekateriné Alexandres asuli Dadiani-Chavchavadze
| title = Princess of Mingrelia
| title = Princess of Mingrelia
| image = Franz Xavier Winterhalter. Princess Catherine Dadiani.jpg
| image = Екатерина Чавчавадзе Дадиани.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Franz Xaver Winterhalter]]
| caption = Portrait by [[Franz Xaver Winterhalter]]
| spouse = [[David Dadiani]], Prince of Mingrelia
| spouse = [[David Dadiani]], Prince of Mingrelia
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| place of burial =
| place of burial =
| signature =
| signature =
|}}
}}

'''Ekateriné Dadiani, Princess of Mingrelia''' ({{lang-ka|ეკატერინე დადიანი}}; ''née'' '''Chavchavadze'''; March 19, 1816{{spaced ndash}}August 13, 1882) of the [[House of Dadiani]], was a prominent 19th-century [[Georgians|Georgian]] aristocrat and the last [[Prince regnant|ruling princess]] (as [[regent]]) [[Principality of Mingrelia]] in [[Georgia (country)|Western Georgia]]. She played an important role in resisting [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] influence in her principality and was at the center of Georgian high society, both inside the country and abroad.
'''Ekateriné Dadiani, Princess of Mingrelia''' ({{lang-ka|ეკატერინე დადიანი}}; ''née'' '''Chavchavadze'''; March 19, 1816{{spaced ndash}}August 13, 1882) of the [[House of Dadiani]], was a prominent 19th-century [[Nobility of Georgia (country)|Georgian aristocrat]] and the last [[Prince regnant|ruling princess]] (as [[regent]]) of the [[Principality of Mingrelia]] in [[Georgia (country)|Western Georgia]]. She was regent during the minority of her son between 1853 and 1857. She played an important role in resisting [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] influence in her principality and was at the center of Georgian high society, both inside the country and abroad.


==Family and marriage==
==Family and marriage==

[[File:Chavchavadze 31-155 s.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ekateriné's father, Prince [[Alexander Chavchavadze]]]]
[[File:Chavchavadze 31-155 s.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Ekateriné's father, Prince [[Alexander Chavchavadze]]]]

[[File:David Dadiani.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Her spouse, [[David Dadiani]], Prince of Mingrelia]]
[[File:David Dadiani.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Her spouse, [[David Dadiani]], Prince of Mingrelia]]

Ekateriné was born to the distinguished [[Chavchavadze|Chavchavadze noble family]] from Eastern Georgia. Her father was [[Knyaz|Prince]] [[Alexander Chavchavadze]], a noted Georgian general and [[godson]] of [[Catherine the Great]] of [[Russian Empire|Russia]].<ref>Kveselava, M (2002), ''Anthology of Georgian Poetry'', The Minerva Group, Inc., {{ISBN|0-89875-672-3}}, p. 175</ref> Her mother was Princess Salomé [[House of Orbeliani|Orbeliani]], a great-granddaughter of [[Erekle II]] (Heraclius II) of Eastern Georgia. Her elder sister [[Nino Chavchavadze|Princess Nino]] married the famous Russian playwright, composer and diplomat [[Aleksandr Griboyedov]], while her younger sister Princess Sophie was married to Count Alexandr Nikolai, the minister of education of [[Imperial Russia]].<ref>Kveselava, M (2002), ''Anthology of Georgian Poetry'', The Minerva Group, Inc., {{ISBN|0-89875-672-3}}, p. 181</ref>
Ekateriné was born to the distinguished [[Chavchavadze|House of Chavchavadze]] from [[Eastern Georgia (country)|Eastern Georgia]]. Her father was [[Knyaz|Prince]] [[Alexander Chavchavadze]], a noted Georgian general and [[godson]] of [[Catherine the Great]] of [[Russian Empire|Russia]].<ref>Kveselava, M (2002), ''Anthology of Georgian Poetry'', The Minerva Group, Inc., {{ISBN|0-89875-672-3}}, p. 175</ref> Her mother was Princess Salomé [[House of Orbeliani|Orbeliani]] (1795-1847), a great-granddaughter of [[Erekle II]] (Heraclius II) of Eastern Georgia. Her elder sister [[Nino Chavchavadze|Princess Nino]] married the famous Russian playwright, composer and diplomat [[Aleksandr Griboyedov]], while her younger sister Princess Sophie was married to Count Alexandr Nikolai, the minister of education of [[Imperial Russia]].<ref>Kveselava, M (2002), ''Anthology of Georgian Poetry'', The Minerva Group, Inc., {{ISBN|0-89875-672-3}}, p. 181</ref>


On December 19, 1838, Ekateriné married the [[Crown prince|Hereditary Prince]] of Mingrelia, [[David Dadiani]]. In 1840, he became ruler of the principality upon the retirement of his father, [[Levan V Dadiani]].<ref name="smith">Office of Policy & Analysis, ''[http://www.achp.si.edu/dadiani/david.html Dadiani Dynasty – David Dadiani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811030726/http://achp.si.edu/dadiani/david.html |date=2011-08-11 }}'', The Smithsonian Institution in Association with the National Parliamentary Library of Georgia, retrieved 27 March 2011</ref>
On December 19, 1838, Ekateriné married the [[Crown prince|Hereditary Prince]] of Mingrelia, [[David Dadiani]]. In 1840, he became ruler of the principality upon the retirement of his father, [[Levan V Dadiani]].<ref name="smith">Office of Policy & Analysis, ''[http://www.achp.si.edu/dadiani/david.html Dadiani Dynasty – David Dadiani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811030726/http://achp.si.edu/dadiani/david.html |date=2011-08-11 }}'', The Smithsonian Institution in Association with the National Parliamentary Library of Georgia, retrieved 27 March 2011</ref>
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==Instability during the Crimean War==
==Instability during the Crimean War==

{{unreferenced section|date=February 2012}}
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2012}}
During the [[Crimean War]], the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] sent a considerable force to Mingrelia, occupying significant parts of the principality and forcing Ekateriné to flee for security reasons. She soon received a threatening letter from the commanding Turkish general [[Omar Pasha]] demanding her surrender, as well as the transfer of her son's principality to the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Refusing to dignify Pasha's letter with a response, Ekateriné assumed control of the [[Mingrelians|Mingrelian]] forces and organized successful counter-attacks that inflicted serious damage on the invading Turks.
During the [[Crimean War]], the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] sent a considerable force to Mingrelia, occupying significant parts of the principality and forcing Ekateriné to flee for security reasons. She soon received a threatening letter from the commanding Turkish general [[Omar Pasha]] demanding her surrender, as well as the transfer of her son's principality to the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Refusing to dignify Pasha's letter with a response, Ekateriné assumed control of the [[Mingrelians|Mingrelian]] forces and organized successful counter-attacks that inflicted serious damage on the invading Turks.
Line 35: Line 40:


==Mingrelian rebellion and Russian encroachment==
==Mingrelian rebellion and Russian encroachment==

[[File:Dadianfamily at the winter palace 1868.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Ekateriné at the coronation ball in the [[Winter Palace]]]]
[[File:Dadianfamily at the winter palace 1868.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Ekateriné at the coronation ball in the [[Winter Palace]]]]

[[File:Ekaterine's residence, tsarskoe selo.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Princess Ekateriné's salon in [[Tsarskoe Selo]]]]
[[File:Ekaterine's residence, tsarskoe selo.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Princess Ekateriné's salon in [[Tsarskoe Selo]]]]

In 1856, Ekateriné left the Mingrelian principality to General George Dadiani and moved to live in [[Tsarskoe Selo]], the residence of the [[Russian Imperial Family]], where she became one of the "ladies of the court." In 1857, she was forced to return to Georgia because of the peasant uprising organized by a Mingrelian smith, Uta Miqava. On May 12, the rebels took control of the province's capital [[Zugdidi]], forcing Ekateriné to request help from Russia. Having already effectively [[annexation|annexed]] Eastern Georgia, Russia eagerly intervened, subdued the uprising, and asked Ekateriné to move to [[Saint Petersburg]] on the pretext of facilitating her children's education and upbringing there. Her departure and the establishment of a "temporary" Russian military authority in Mingrelia marked the ''de facto'' abolition of the principality.<ref name="smith"/>
In 1856, Ekateriné left the Mingrelian principality to her brother-in-law, General [[Grigol Dadiani (Kolkhideli)|Grigol Dadiani]] and moved to live in [[Tsarskoe Selo]], the residence of the [[Russian Imperial Family]], where she became one of the "[[lady in waiting|ladies of the court]]." In 1857, she was forced to return to Georgia because of the peasant uprising organized by a Mingrelian smith, Uta Miqava. On May 12, the rebels took control of the province's capital [[Zugdidi]], forcing Ekateriné to request help from Russia. Having already effectively [[annexation|annexed]] Eastern Georgia, Russia eagerly intervened, subdued the uprising, and asked Ekateriné to move to [[Saint Petersburg]] on the pretext of facilitating her children's education and upbringing there. Her departure and the establishment of a "temporary" Russian military authority in Mingrelia marked the ''de facto'' abolition of the principality.<ref name="smith"/>


==Final years==
==Final years==

After moving to Russia, Ekateriné kept her private [[salon (gathering)|salon]] in [[Tsarskoe Selo]] open to the Georgian and Russian [[intelligentsia]]. After living there for nearly ten years, she moved to Paris, where her daughter [[Salome Dadiani|Princess Salomé]] already lived with her French husband, [[Prince Napoleon Lucien Charles Murat#Children|Prince Achille Murat]]. In the final years of her life, Ekateriné moved back to Western Georgia, then officially [[Georgia within the Russian Empire|part of the Russian Empire]], and lived there to the end. She was interred in the medieval [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] monastery of [[Martvili]].
After moving to Russia, Ekateriné kept her private [[salon (gathering)|salon]] in [[Tsarskoe Selo]] open to the Georgian and Russian [[intelligentsia]]. After living there for nearly ten years, she moved to Paris, where her daughter [[Salome Dadiani|Princess Salomé]] already lived with her French husband, [[Prince Napoleon Lucien Charles Murat#Children|Prince Achille Murat]]. In the final years of her life, Ekateriné moved back to Western part of Georgia, then officially [[Georgia within the Russian Empire|part of the Russian Empire]], and lived there to the end. She was interred in the medieval [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] monastery of [[Martvili]].


==Issue==
==Issue==

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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! Birth
! Birth
! Death
! Death
! Notes
|-
|-
| align=center| [[File:Dadiani niko.jpg|90px]]
| align=center|
| Princess Maria
| 1840
| 1842
|-
| align=center|
| Princess Nina
| 1841
| 1848
|-
| align=center|
| Prince Levan
| 1842
| 1844
|-
| align=center| [[File:Portrait of the great Prince Niko Dadiani (1853-1903).jpg|90px]]
| [[Niko I Dadiani|Prince Niko]]
| [[Niko I Dadiani|Prince Niko]]
| 4 January 1847
| 4 January 1847
| 22 January 1903
| 22 January 1903
| Elder son
|-
|-
| align=center | [[File:Саломе дадиани-мюрат.jpg|90px]]
| align=center | [[File:Саломе дадиани-мюрат.jpg|90px]]
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| 12 January 1848
| 12 January 1848
| 27 July 1913
| 27 July 1913
| Daughter
|-
|-
| align=center | [[File:Andria Dadiani.jpg|90px]]
| align=center | [[File:Andria Dadiani.jpg|90px]]
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| 1850
| 1850
| 1910
| 1910
|-
| Younger son
| align=center|
| Princess Tamara
| 1853
| 1859
|}
|}


==References==
==References==

{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Dadiani, Ekaterine, Princess of Mingrelia}}
[[Category:1816 births]]
[[Category:1816 births]]
[[Category:1882 deaths]]
[[Category:1882 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century people from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Expatriates from the Russian Empire in France]]
⚫
[[Category:19th-century women from Georgia (country)]]
⚫
[[Category:Expatriates from Georgia (country) in France]]
[[Category:Expatriates from Georgia (country) in Russia]]
[[Category:House of Dadiani|Ekaterine]]
[[Category:House of Dadiani|Ekaterine]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian socialites]]
[[Category:Socialites from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Nobility of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Nobility of Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Russian nobility]]
[[Category:19th-century nobility from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century women rulers]]
[[Category:19th-century women regents]]
[[Category:19th-century regents]]
[[Category:Princesses consort of Mingrelia]]
[[Category:Princesses consort of Mingrelia]]
[[Category:Salon holders from the Russian Empire]]
⚫
[[Category:19th-century women from Georgia (country)]]
⚫
[[Category:19th-century people from Georgia (country)]]

Latest revision as of 13:44, 19 December 2024

Ekateriné Dadiani-Chavchavadze
Princess of Mingrelia
Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
Born(1816-03-19)March 19, 1816
Tsinandali
DiedAugust 25, 1882(1882-08-25) (aged 66)
SpouseDavid Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia
IssuePrince Niko
Princess Salomé
Prince Andria
Names
Ekateriné Alexandres asuli Dadiani-Chavchavadze
HouseChavchavadze
FatherPrince Alexander Chavchavadze
MotherPrincess Salomé Orbeliani

Ekateriné Dadiani, Princess of Mingrelia (Georgian: ეკატერინე დადიანი; née Chavchavadze; March 19, 1816 – August 13, 1882) of the House of Dadiani, was a prominent 19th-century Georgian aristocrat and the last ruling princess (as regent) of the Principality of Mingrelia in Western Georgia. She was regent during the minority of her son between 1853 and 1857. She played an important role in resisting Ottoman influence in her principality and was at the center of Georgian high society, both inside the country and abroad.

Family and marriage

[edit]
Ekateriné's father, Prince Alexander Chavchavadze
Her spouse, David Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia

Ekateriné was born to the distinguished House of Chavchavadze from Eastern Georgia. Her father was Prince Alexander Chavchavadze, a noted Georgian general and godson of Catherine the Great of Russia.[1] Her mother was Princess Salomé Orbeliani (1795-1847), a great-granddaughter of Erekle II (Heraclius II) of Eastern Georgia. Her elder sister Princess Nino married the famous Russian playwright, composer and diplomat Aleksandr Griboyedov, while her younger sister Princess Sophie was married to Count Alexandr Nikolai, the minister of education of Imperial Russia.[2]

On December 19, 1838, Ekateriné married the Hereditary Prince of Mingrelia, David Dadiani. In 1840, he became ruler of the principality upon the retirement of his father, Levan V Dadiani.[3]

In August 1853, David died and Ekateriné quickly assumed the responsibilities of her late husband, rising from relative obscurity. Recognizing her as regent of Mingrelia on behalf of her elder son, Prince Niko,[3] Nicholas I of Russia assigned her a regency council which included her late husband's brothers, Prince Grigol Dadiani and Prince Konstantin Dadiani.

Instability during the Crimean War

[edit]

During the Crimean War, the Turks sent a considerable force to Mingrelia, occupying significant parts of the principality and forcing Ekateriné to flee for security reasons. She soon received a threatening letter from the commanding Turkish general Omar Pasha demanding her surrender, as well as the transfer of her son's principality to the Ottoman Empire. Refusing to dignify Pasha's letter with a response, Ekateriné assumed control of the Mingrelian forces and organized successful counter-attacks that inflicted serious damage on the invading Turks.

The Crimean War soon ended in 1856 with the Treaty of Paris and Ekateriné was reinstated as regent, receiving an invitation to the coronation of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. She attended the ceremony with her children, as well as her sister, Nino. According to the Russian memoirist K.A. Borozdin, Ekateriné retained "the luster of her beauty" and looked extraordinary in her "original and richly decorated costume." The memoirist, like many others in modern-day Georgia, refers to her as the "Mingrelian Queen" and states that at the coronation ball, everyone was "delighted with [Ekateriné], her sister, children, and entourage."

Mingrelian rebellion and Russian encroachment

[edit]
Ekateriné at the coronation ball in the Winter Palace
Princess Ekateriné's salon in Tsarskoe Selo

In 1856, Ekateriné left the Mingrelian principality to her brother-in-law, General Grigol Dadiani and moved to live in Tsarskoe Selo, the residence of the Russian Imperial Family, where she became one of the "ladies of the court." In 1857, she was forced to return to Georgia because of the peasant uprising organized by a Mingrelian smith, Uta Miqava. On May 12, the rebels took control of the province's capital Zugdidi, forcing Ekateriné to request help from Russia. Having already effectively annexed Eastern Georgia, Russia eagerly intervened, subdued the uprising, and asked Ekateriné to move to Saint Petersburg on the pretext of facilitating her children's education and upbringing there. Her departure and the establishment of a "temporary" Russian military authority in Mingrelia marked the de facto abolition of the principality.[3]

Final years

[edit]

After moving to Russia, Ekateriné kept her private salon in Tsarskoe Selo open to the Georgian and Russian intelligentsia. After living there for nearly ten years, she moved to Paris, where her daughter Princess Salomé already lived with her French husband, Prince Achille Murat. In the final years of her life, Ekateriné moved back to Western part of Georgia, then officially part of the Russian Empire, and lived there to the end. She was interred in the medieval Eastern Orthodox monastery of Martvili.

Issue

[edit]
Image Name Birth Death
Princess Maria 1840 1842
Princess Nina 1841 1848
Prince Levan 1842 1844
Prince Niko 4 January 1847 22 January 1903
Princess Salomé 12 January 1848 27 July 1913
Prince Andria 1850 1910
Princess Tamara 1853 1859

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kveselava, M (2002), Anthology of Georgian Poetry, The Minerva Group, Inc., ISBN 0-89875-672-3, p. 175
  2. ^ Kveselava, M (2002), Anthology of Georgian Poetry, The Minerva Group, Inc., ISBN 0-89875-672-3, p. 181
  3. ^ a b c Office of Policy & Analysis, Dadiani Dynasty – David Dadiani Archived 2011-08-11 at the Wayback Machine, The Smithsonian Institution in Association with the National Parliamentary Library of Georgia, retrieved 27 March 2011
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