Red Savina pepper: Difference between revisions
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→Description: Adding information about the last Red Savina seed production made by Frank Garcia |
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{{Short description|Chili pepper}} |
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{{Infobox cultivar |
{{Infobox cultivar |
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|name = Red Savina |
|name = Red Savina |
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|image = |
|image = Red Savina.jpg |
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|image_caption = |
|image_caption = Red Savina habanero |
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|species = ''[[Capsicum chinense]]'' |
|species = ''[[Capsicum chinense]]'' |
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|cultivar='Red Savina' |
|cultivar='Red Savina' |
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| embed=yes |
| embed=yes |
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| heat=Very hot |
| heat=Very hot |
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| scoville=350,000-577,000<ref name="dewittbosland2009">{{Cite book |last1=DeWitt |first1=Dave |last2=Bosland |first2=Paul W. |title=The Complete Chile Pepper Book |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-88192-920-1}}</ref> |
| scoville=350,000-577,000<ref name="dewittbosland2009">{{Cite book |last1=DeWitt |first1=Dave |last2=Bosland |first2=Paul W. |title=The Complete Chile Pepper Book |year=2009 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-0-88192-920-1}}</ref> |
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}} |
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}} |
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The '''Red Savina pepper''' is a [[cultivar]] of the [[habanero chili]] (''[[Capsicum chinense]]'' Jacquin), which has been [[selective breeding|selectively bred]] to produce spicier, heavier, and larger fruit, ultimately more potent than its derivative. |
The '''Red Savina pepper''' is a [[cultivar]] of the [[habanero chili]] (''[[Capsicum chinense]]'' Jacquin), which has been [[selective breeding|selectively bred]] to produce spicier, heavier, and larger fruit, ultimately more potent than its derivative. |
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Frank Garcia of GNS Spices, in [[Walnut, California]], is credited as the developer of the Red Savina, but the exact methodology that Garcia used to select the hottest breeding strains is not publicly known. |
Frank Garcia of GNS Spices, in [[Walnut, California]], is credited as the developer of the Red Savina, but the exact methodology that Garcia used to select the hottest breeding strains is not publicly known. |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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The Red Savina typically measures 2 inches by 1.5 inches (5 x 3. |
The Red Savina typically measures 2 inches by 1.5 inches (5 x 3.5 cm),<ref name="Hildebrand2018">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ym-VswEACAAJ|title=An Anarchy of Chilies|author=Caz Hildebrand|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2018|isbn=978-0-500-02183-5}}</ref> and is described by cultivators as a "wrinkled" fruit with a "Chinese lantern" shape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cucurbitbreeding.com/todd-wehner/publications/vegetable-cultivar-descriptions-for-north-america/pepper-m-z/|title=Vegetable Cultivar Descriptions for North America – Pepper (M-Z) {{!}} Cucurbit Breeding|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> Unlike a conventional orange habanero, the Red Savina is distinctively dark red, and may have been bred using spicy red mutations of habanero.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pepperscale.com/red-savina-habanero/|title=Red Savina Habanero: Legendary Heat|last=Bray|first=Matt|date=2013-07-11|website=PepperScale|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> Until 2011, it was protected by the U.S. [[Plant Variety Protection Act]] (PVP #9200255).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/showpvp.pl?pvpno=9200255 |title=Plant Variety Protection Number: 9200255 (Red Savina) |date=1992-08-26 |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|U.S. Department of Agriculture]] |access-date=2014-01-03}}</ref> |
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Until 2011, it was protected by the U.S. [[Plant Variety Protection Act]] (PVP #9200255).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/showpvp.pl?pvpno=9200255 |title=Plant Variety Protection Number: 9200255 (Red Savina) |date=1992-08-26 |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|U.S. Department of Agriculture]] |accessdate=2014-01-03}}</ref> The last seed production by Frank Garcia, were the crops harvested in 2013, 2014 and 2015. <ref> Redwood City Seed Company, testing Frank Garcia's Red Savina Seed Lots #2013-T-1085, #2014-R-1009 and #2015-T-1983</ref> |
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== Pungency == |
== Pungency == |
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The Red Savina chili |
The Red Savina chili held the record as the hottest chili in the world according to the [[Guinness World Records]] from 1994-2006.<ref name="redsavina2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Worlds-hottest-chile-pepper-discovered-991-1/| title=World's hottest chile pepper discovered |access-date=2008-03-31 |publisher=American Society for Horticultural Science}}</ref> It was displaced by the [[Bhut Jolokia|bhut jolokia chili]] (commonly and incorrectly translated to "Ghost Pepper") in February 2007.{{cn|date=October 2024}} |
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Red Savina peppers were reported to allegedly score upwards of 577,000 on the [[Scoville scale]], but this oft-quoted figure was never officially verified;<ref name="dewittbosland2009" /> a group of researchers – including Regents Professor Paul W. Bosland at the Chile Pepper Institute at [[New Mexico State University]] – conducted a comparison experiment in 2005, which revealed that the Red Savina habanero averages a relative heat level of 248,556 SHUs. The CPI lists the spiciest Red Savina individuals recorded in their labs as approximately 500,000 SHUs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cpi.nmsu.edu/heat/|title=Heat|website=cpi.nmsu.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> |
Red Savina peppers were reported to allegedly score upwards of 577,000 on the [[Scoville scale]], but this oft-quoted figure was never officially verified;<ref name="dewittbosland2009" /> a group of researchers – including Regents Professor Paul W. Bosland at the Chile Pepper Institute at [[New Mexico State University]] – conducted a comparison experiment in 2005, which revealed that the Red Savina habanero averages a relative heat level of 248,556 SHUs. The CPI lists the spiciest Red Savina individuals recorded in their labs as approximately 500,000 SHUs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cpi.nmsu.edu/heat/|title=Heat|website=cpi.nmsu.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> |
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As a point of reference, the average orange habanero scores approximately 200,000 SHUs in high performance liquid [[chromatography]] tests (although some individuals have achieved on the order of 357,729 SHUs). The average bhut jolokia is 1,019,687 SHUs, and "blasted past" the Red |
As a point of reference, the average orange habanero scores approximately 200,000 SHUs in high performance liquid [[chromatography]] tests (although some individuals have achieved on the order of 357,729 SHUs). The average bhut jolokia is 1,019,687 SHUs, and "blasted past" the Red Savina by a factor of 2 to emerge as the temporary title-holder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottrobertsweb.com/images/moruga-scorpion-worlds-hottest-2-million-shu.jpg|title=Chart From The Chili Pepper Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071026162420.htm|title=World's Hottest Chile Pepper Discovered|website=ScienceDaily|language=en|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> However, the current Guinness World Record title-holder (as of August 2023), the [[Pepper X]], has scored a maximum value of 2,693,000 SHUs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/hottest-chili/|title=Hottest chilli pepper|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-10-17}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Race to grow the hottest pepper]] |
* [[Race to grow the hottest pepper]] |
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*[[Scoville scale]] |
*[[Scoville scale]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Bhut jolokia]], the Red Savina's successor for "World's Hottest Chile" |
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*[[ |
*[[Pepper X]], the current title-holder for "World's Hottest Chile" |
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== External |
== External links == |
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* [https://cpi.nmsu.edu/ The New Mexico State University Chile Pepper Institute] |
* [https://cpi.nmsu.edu/ The New Mexico State University Chile Pepper Institute] |
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*[ |
*[https://cucurbitbreeding.wordpress.ncsu.edu/ The North Carolina State University Cucurbit Breeding Project] |
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*[https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/hottest-chili/ The Guinness World Records] |
*[https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/hottest-chili/ The Guinness World Records] |
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Latest revision as of 10:12, 17 November 2024
| Red Savina | |
|---|---|
 Red Savina habanero | |
| Species | Capsicum chinense |
| Cultivar | 'Red Savina' |
| Origin | California, United States |
| Heat |  Very hot |
| Scoville scale | 350,000-577,000[1] SHU |
The Red Savina pepper is a cultivar of the habanero chili (Capsicum chinense Jacquin), which has been selectively bred to produce spicier, heavier, and larger fruit, ultimately more potent than its derivative.
Frank Garcia of GNS Spices, in Walnut, California, is credited as the developer of the Red Savina, but the exact methodology that Garcia used to select the hottest breeding strains is not publicly known.
Description
[edit]The Red Savina typically measures 2 inches by 1.5 inches (5 x 3.5 cm),[2] and is described by cultivators as a "wrinkled" fruit with a "Chinese lantern" shape.[3] Unlike a conventional orange habanero, the Red Savina is distinctively dark red, and may have been bred using spicy red mutations of habanero.[4] Until 2011, it was protected by the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVP #9200255).[5]
Pungency
[edit]The Red Savina chili held the record as the hottest chili in the world according to the Guinness World Records from 1994-2006.[6] It was displaced by the bhut jolokia chili (commonly and incorrectly translated to "Ghost Pepper") in February 2007.[citation needed]
Red Savina peppers were reported to allegedly score upwards of 577,000 on the Scoville scale, but this oft-quoted figure was never officially verified;[1] a group of researchers – including Regents Professor Paul W. Bosland at the Chile Pepper Institute at New Mexico State University – conducted a comparison experiment in 2005, which revealed that the Red Savina habanero averages a relative heat level of 248,556 SHUs. The CPI lists the spiciest Red Savina individuals recorded in their labs as approximately 500,000 SHUs.[7]
As a point of reference, the average orange habanero scores approximately 200,000 SHUs in high performance liquid chromatography tests (although some individuals have achieved on the order of 357,729 SHUs). The average bhut jolokia is 1,019,687 SHUs, and "blasted past" the Red Savina by a factor of 2 to emerge as the temporary title-holder.[8][9] However, the current Guinness World Record title-holder (as of August 2023), the Pepper X, has scored a maximum value of 2,693,000 SHUs.[10]
See also
[edit]- Race to grow the hottest pepper
- Scoville scale
- Bhut jolokia, the Red Savina's successor for "World's Hottest Chile"
- Pepper X, the current title-holder for "World's Hottest Chile"
External links
[edit]- The New Mexico State University Chile Pepper Institute
- The North Carolina State University Cucurbit Breeding Project
- The Guinness World Records
References
[edit]- ^ a b DeWitt, Dave; Bosland, Paul W. (2009). The Complete Chile Pepper Book. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-920-1.
- ^ Caz Hildebrand (2018). An Anarchy of Chilies. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-02183-5.
- ^ "Vegetable Cultivar Descriptions for North America – Pepper (M-Z) | Cucurbit Breeding". Retrieved 2019-11-07.
- ^ Bray, Matt (2013-07-11). "Red Savina Habanero: Legendary Heat". PepperScale. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
- ^ "Plant Variety Protection Number: 9200255 (Red Savina)". U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1992-08-26. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
- ^ "World's hottest chile pepper discovered". American Society for Horticultural Science. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ "Heat". cpi.nmsu.edu. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
- ^ "Chart From The Chili Pepper Institute".
- ^ "World's Hottest Chile Pepper Discovered". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
- ^ "Hottest chilli pepper". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
