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Ideal sources for Wikipedia's health content are defined in the guideline Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine) and are typically review articles. Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Melatonin.

PubMed provides review articles from the past five years (limit to free review articles)
The TRIP database provides clinical publications about evidence-based medicine.
Other potential sources include: Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and CDC

Melatonin and the liver

"Its use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding or for those with liver disease.[7][13]"

New studies suggest that melatonin supplementation may be a promising adjunct for liver disease.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/9/1135 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dreizweins (talk • contribs) 23:57, 8 September 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Orcid IDs

@Invasive Spices: Why are you adding Orcid IDs to citations? It polutes the meta data. You are also hyping the authors. Focus on the conclusions of the study, not who wrote it. Thanks. Boghog (talk) 19:06, 24 September 2021 (UTC)[reply]

That's pretty funny coming from someone who removes and damages as much author data as you can. As for hyping the authors, I normally don't and would agree that is inappropriate, however I do so if working from a rev and the rev thinks that paper is so singular as to be worth promoting. (Also I don't see any such on this article. But I've done that elsewhere.) Invasive Spices (talk) 19:20, 24 September 2021 (UTC)[reply]
- Again, I am trying to have a serious discussion, and you refuse to directly respond. Why does every single author deserve an external link to their other publications? Boghog (talk) 19:26, 24 September 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Abbriviations

In image of head, what go SCN, RHT, MCRGC denote? Use hormonal, not humoral, reminiscent of Ancient Greek 5 humors. 98.144.238.191 (talk) 14:17, 12 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]

To add to article

Basic information to add to this article: the etymology of the word "melatonin." According to Wiktionary, it is a blend of melanin +‎ serotonin. If that's true, why not add this information to this article, in order to help make it properly encyclopedic? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 01:11, 9 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Useful suggestion, and done. Chhandama (talk) 09:09, 10 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]

On skin lightening in frogs

The head says that the hormone elicits skin lightening in the common frog, with a wikilink to skin whitening, where it is described as "the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin." That specific human practice doesn't seem to be a relevant link unless I'm missing something. Understandable mistake, but remove? Moonjail (talk) 04:13, 8 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I was reading this too and thinking was this someone's idea of having a wind-up? (joke). How do they make the jump from the 'brain of cows' to 'lightening skins of frogs'? Was it a lab experiment? Did a cow trip and fall on a frog and the brain splat out and made the frog lighter. So many questions with that statement that seem questionable and more like April 1. (???) CaribDigita (talk) 03:27, 14 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Source of melatonin not stated

this article does not state the source of melatonin used in either Rx or OTC products. If it has a synthetic source that should be under scrutiny because in the past impurities from synthetic tryptophan had caused abnormal blood cell production. Both melatonin and tryptophan have in common an indole ring . 2603:6011:F7F0:1C30:3957:B73:DB53:46D9 (talk) 03:25, 13 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

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+== Melatonin and the liver ==
+"Its use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding or for those with liver disease.[7][13]"
-"Melatonin is rapidly absorbed and distributed, reaching peak plasma concentrations after 60 minutes of administration, and is then eliminated. Melatonin has a half life of 35–50 minutes."
+New studies suggest that melatonin supplementation may be a promising adjunct for liver disease.
-How does that work?  <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Drsruli|Drsruli]] ([[User talk:Drsruli#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Drsruli|contribs]]) 14:47, 22 July 2019 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
+https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/9/1135  <!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Dreizweins|Dreizweins]] ([[User talk:Dreizweins#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dreizweins|contribs]]) 23:57, 8 September 2020 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
+== Orcid IDs ==
-== Melatonin should be described as a neurotransmitter ==
+{{ping|Invasive Spices}} Why are you adding [https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Melatonin&type=revision&diff=1046080980&oldid=1046039043 Orcid IDs] to citations?  It polutes the meta data. You are also hyping the authors. Focus on the conclusions of the study, not who wrote it. Thanks. [[User:Boghog|Boghog]] ([[User talk:Boghog|talk]]) 19:06, 24 September 2021 (UTC)
-That Melatonin acts as a neurotransmitter is implicit on this page in that it's part of the "neurotransmitters" series, and also that the *effects* of Melatonin receptors being engaged is described in the "Functions" section, however it is never clearly stated. See: Serotonin page functions section.
+* That's pretty funny coming from someone who removes and damages as much author data as you can. As for hyping the authors, I normally don't and would agree that is inappropriate, however I do so if working from a rev and the rev thinks that paper is so singular as to be worth promoting. (Also I don't see any such on this article. But I've done that elsewhere.) [[User:Invasive Spices|Invasive Spices]] ([[User talk:Invasive Spices|talk]]) 19:20, 24 September 2021 (UTC)
---[[User:Whilom|Whilom Chime]] ([[User talk:Whilom|talk]]) 17:09, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
+** Again, I am trying to have a serious discussion, and you refuse to directly respond.  Why does every single author deserve an external link to their other publications?  [[User:Boghog|Boghog]] ([[User talk:Boghog|talk]]) 19:26, 24 September 2021 (UTC)
+== Abbriviations ==
-: It is actually a [[hormone]], not a [[neurotransmitter]] that has effects on more distant cells, not just adjacent cells connected by synapses.  I have edited the lead so that it now stated that it is a hormone in the lead sentence. [[User:Boghog|Boghog]] ([[User talk:Boghog|talk]]) 18:54, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
+In image of head, what go SCN, RHT, MCRGC denote? Use hormonal, not humoral, reminiscent of Ancient Greek 5 humors. [[Special:Contributions/98.144.238.191|98.144.238.191]] ([[User talk:98.144.238.191|talk]]) 14:17, 12 June 2022 (UTC)
-:: Apologies, I certainly didn't mean to imply that it isn't a hormone, but that like [[norepinephrine]] it is both.  I'm definitely not an expert, but I'm assuming its activity with Melatonin receptors in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus means that it is also a neurotransmitter.  I'm quite willing to be educated that it is not, but if that's the case it should be removed from the [[neurotransmitter]] page and the neurotransmitter list.--[[User:Whilom|Whilom Chime]] ([[User talk:Whilom|talk]]) 20:14, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
+== To add to article ==
-::: No problem.  I am not an expert either. The sources that I have read invariably describe melatonin as a (neuro)hormone that is synthesized in the pineal gland.  For melatonin to be classified as a neurotransmitter, it would also need to be released from presynaptic neurons and I can find no support for that in the literature. Hence as you suggest, I think melatonin should be removed from the {{tl|Neurotransmitters}} navbox and [[neurotransmitter]] article. [[User:Boghog|Boghog]] ([[User talk:Boghog|talk]]) 06:12, 5 December 2016 (UTC)
+Basic information to add to this article: the etymology of the word "melatonin." According to Wiktionary, it is a blend of [[melanin]] +‎ [[serotonin]]. If that's true, why not add this information to this article, in order to help make it properly encyclopedic? [[Special:Contributions/173.88.246.138|173.88.246.138]] ([[User talk:173.88.246.138|talk]]) 01:11, 9 March 2023 (UTC)
-== Review article saying that melatonin is effective for treating primary insomnia ==
+:Useful suggestion, and done. [[User:Chhandama|Chhandama]] ([[User talk:Chhandama|talk]]) 09:09, 10 March 2023 (UTC)
-Here's the article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28648359
-I don't want to edit the part of the article which says that there's not enough evidence for this myself owing to my very limited knowledge of such subjects, but perhaps that should be done if that review article is right. [[User:Dakane2|Dakane2]] ([[User talk:Dakane2|talk]]) 19:37, 23 January 2018 (UTC)
+== On skin lightening in frogs ==
-== medical uses and side effects categories overlap ==
+The head says that the hormone elicits skin lightening in the common frog, with a wikilink to [[skin whitening]], where it is described as "the practice of using chemical substances in an attempt to lighten the skin or provide an even skin color by reducing the melanin concentration in the skin." That specific human practice doesn't seem to be a relevant link unless I'm missing something. Understandable mistake, but remove? [[User:Moonjail|Moonjail]] ([[User talk:Moonjail|talk]]) 04:13, 8 April 2023 (UTC)
-There are quite a few side effects listed under medical uses. Perhaps these categories should simoly be combined into "Medical uses and side effects". <span style="background:#F0F0FF; padding:3px 9px 4px">'''[[User:Dig deeper|<font color="Green">Dig</font>&nbsp;<sub><big><font color="Brown">deeper</font></big></sub>]]''' </span> <sup>[[User talk:Dig deeper|'''talk''']]</sup> 04:11, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
+:I was reading this too and thinking was this someone's idea of having a wind-up? (joke). How do they make the jump from the 'brain of cows' to 'lightening skins of frogs'? Was it a lab experiment? Did a cow trip and fall on a frog and the brain splat out and made the frog lighter.  So many questions with that statement that seem questionable and more like April 1. (???) [[User:CaribDigita|CaribDigita]] ([[User talk:CaribDigita|talk]]) 03:27, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
-== Proofreading ==
+== Source of melatonin not stated ==
-{{Ping|Emh975}} Can you proofread what you added?  There's grammar mistakes and omissions (e.g., the bioavailability statement says "is between to and 50%" and doesn't specify a route of administration).  Also, can you move the content you added in [[Melatonin#Pharmacodynamics]] to [[Melatonin#Biosynthesis]] and [[Melatonin#Regulation]]? Also, keep in mind that some of what you added is already covered there. [[User:Seppi333|'''<span style="color:#32CD32;">Seppi</span>''<span style="color:Black;">333</span>''''']]&nbsp;([[User Talk:Seppi333|Insert&nbsp;'''2¢''']]) 20:13, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
+this article does not state the source of melatonin used in either Rx or OTC products. If it has a synthetic source that should be under scrutiny because in the past impurities from synthetic tryptophan had caused abnormal blood cell production. Both melatonin and tryptophan have in common an indole ring  . [[Special:Contributions/2603:6011:F7F0:1C30:3957:B73:DB53:46D9|2603:6011:F7F0:1C30:3957:B73:DB53:46D9]] ([[User talk:2603:6011:F7F0:1C30:3957:B73:DB53:46D9|talk]]) 03:25, 13 October 2023 (UTC)
-==First sentence==
-IMO this is better "Melatonin is a hormone, produced primarily by the pineal gland, which regulates wakefulness"
-Than "Melatonin is a [[hormone]] and [[free radical scavenger]] that regulates [[sleep-wake cycle]]s and functions as a [[mitochondrial]] [[antioxidant]]"
-The ref is not very definitive says "targeted to the mitochondria where it '''seems''' to function as an apex antioxidant"[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28864909]
-And this ref "Evidence has emerged to show that both mitochondria and chloroplasts '''may''' have the capacity to synthesize and metabolize melatonin."[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23137057]
-Hardly definitive and as such IMO belongs lower in the body. [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 02:38, 1 February 2019 (UTC)
-:Seems fair.  The only reason I edited the lead is because of the phrase "primarily by the pineal gland" - will cut that. Also, melatonin doesn't regulate wakefulness; it regulates sleep-wake cycles.  They're not the same thing. [[User:Seppi333|'''<span style="color:#32CD32;">Seppi</span>''<span style="color:Black;">333</span>''''']]&nbsp;([[User Talk:Seppi333|Insert&nbsp;'''2¢''']]) 05:17, 1 February 2019 (UTC)
-::What is wrong with "primarily by the pineal gland"? Yes it may be produced by other locations but it is primarily by the pineal no? [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 05:52, 1 February 2019 (UTC)
-:::Based upon the references I've read, I think the only thing that can be said for certain is that melatonin which circulates in plasma (i.e, secreted/hormonal melatonin) is primarily synthesized in the pineal gland. Pinealectomy appears to increase its concentration in some fluid compartments.  [[User:Seppi333|'''<span style="color:#32CD32;">Seppi</span>''<span style="color:Black;">333</span>''''']]&nbsp;([[User Talk:Seppi333|Insert&nbsp;'''2¢''']]) 06:02, 1 February 2019 (UTC)
-::::This ref says it is primarily made by the pineal gland.[https://books.google.ca/books?id=lNSlBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA888] Yes it might be made by other locations aswell.
-::::But we have lots of refs that say that [https://books.google.ca/books?id=6I-VeCv_kJ0C&pg=PA916] [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 06:04, 1 February 2019 (UTC)
-:::::Then just clarify that melatonin which circulates in the blood stream is produced in the pineal gland.  That's the only gland that produces and secretes it as a hormone. [[User:Seppi333|'''<span style="color:#32CD32;">Seppi</span>''<span style="color:Black;">333</span>''''']]&nbsp;([[User Talk:Seppi333|Insert&nbsp;'''2¢''']]) 06:06, 1 February 2019 (UTC)
-::::::Okay so at least the hormone version is primarily from the pineal than. Have clarified. [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 06:14, 1 February 2019 (UTC)
-:::::::That seems fine. [[User:Seppi333|'''<span style="color:#32CD32;">Seppi</span>''<span style="color:Black;">333</span>''''']]&nbsp;([[User Talk:Seppi333|Insert&nbsp;'''2¢''']]) 06:22, 1 February 2019 (UTC)
-==Out of place==
-This article is not about have sleep disorder are or are not a "grave public health crisis"...
-There are also concerns that Frontiers is a predatory publisher.
-And we already discuss sleep disorders with better references. Why a 2004 review when 2015 AHRQ reviews are avaliable? [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 11:47, 24 January 2020 (UTC)
-==== Secondary sleep disorders ====
-Somnipathy, or sleep disorders, are a familiar yet grave public health crisis that can be addressed with timely and effective pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological – and sometimes a combination of the two – treatments.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Li T, Jiang S, Han M, Yang Z, Lv J, Deng C, Reiter RJ, Yang Y | display-authors = 6 | title = Exogenous melatonin as a treatment for secondary sleep disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology | volume = 52 | pages = 22–28 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 29908879 | doi = 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.06.004 | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091302218300141 }}</ref> With the disadvantage of poor compliance to traditional pharmacological therapy coupled with the increasing complexity of multifaceted non-drug sleep therapies to suit individual needs, the exogenous administration of melatonin – an endogenous, naturally-produced hormone in the human body involved in sleep regulation – is looked at as a potential solution to secondary somnipathy, sleep disorders caused by another existing medical or psychological condition.<ref name=":0" /> Melatonin has long been used to treat various insomnias (problems with falling and/or staying asleep) and delayed sleep phase disorder.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van Geijlswijk IM, Korzilius HP, Smits MG | title = The use of exogenous melatonin in delayed sleep phase disorder: a meta-analysis | journal = Sleep | volume = 33 | issue = 12 | pages = 1605–14 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21120122 | pmc = 2982730 | doi = 10.1093/sleep/33.12.1605 | url = https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/33/12/1605/2433770 }}</ref> In 2004, a review of 30 randomized-controlled trial studies revealed that specifically to secondary sleep disorders, melatonin did not significantly have any effect neither on sleep onset latency (SOL), on wake after sleep onset (WASO), nor on the percentage of time spent in REM sleep.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Pandya R, Hooton N, Tjosvold L, Hartling L, Baker G, Vohra S, Klassen T | display-authors = 6 | title = Melatonin for treatment of sleep disorders | journal = Evidence Report/Technology Assessment | issue = 108 | pages = 1–7 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15635761 | doi = 10.1037/e439412005-001 | url = http://doi.apa.org/get-pe-doi.cfm?doi=10.1037/e439412005-001 }}</ref> However, melatonin did significantly increase sleep efficiency and total sleep time (TST) in people with secondary sleep disorders.<ref name=":2" />
-{{reflist-talk}}
-==We already have a section on this==
-And we provide a better summary of the evidence. [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 11:47, 24 January 2020 (UTC)
-=== Alzheimer's disease ===
-Hypothalamic nuclei, such as the suprachiasmatic nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic area, that are affected by β-amyloid plaques and neurofilament tangles in brains with Alzheimer's diseases are also involved in the severe disruption of the circadian rhythm and consequently, the occurrence of sleep disorders.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Spinedi|first=Eduardo|last2=Cardinali|first2=Daniel&nbsp;P.|date=2019|title=Neuroendocrine-Metabolic Dysfunction and Sleep Disturbances in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease and Melatonin|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/494889|journal=Neuroendocrinology|language=en|volume=108|issue=4|pages=354–364|doi=10.1159/000494889|issn=0028-3835}}</ref> Sleep disturbances as well as poor sleep quality may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease, to some degree through the facilitation of β-amyloid buildup (a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease) in the human brain.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Spira|first=Adam P.|last2=Gottesman|first2=Rebecca F.|date=April 2017|title=Sleep disturbance: an emerging opportunity for Alzheimer's disease prevention?|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1041610216002131/type/journal_article|journal=International Psychogeriatrics|language=en|volume=29|issue=4|pages=529–531|doi=10.1017/S1041610216002131|issn=1041-6102|pmc=5493989|pmid=27938445}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Belinda M.|last2=Rainey-Smith|first2=Stephanie R.|last3=Villemagne|first3=Victor L.|last4=Weinborn|first4=Michael|last5=Bucks|first5=Romola S.|last6=Sohrabi|first6=Hamid R.|last7=Laws|first7=Simon M.|last8=Taddei|first8=Kevin|last9=Macaulay|first9=S. Lance|last10=Ames|first10=David|last11=Fowler|first11=Christopher|date=2016-05-01|title=The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Brain Amyloid Burden|url=https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/39/5/1063/2454042|journal=Sleep|language=en|volume=39|issue=5|pages=1063–1068|doi=10.5665/sleep.5756|issn=0161-8105|pmc=4835305|pmid=27091528}}</ref> Research shows that in the pre-onset stages of Alzheimer's disease, melatonin levels in the CSF are significantly lower.<ref name=":3" /> Furthermore, there is evidence in transgenic animal models of Alzheimer's disease that the exogenous administration of melatonin not only decreases the production and/or deposition of β-amyloid peptide but also increases its clearance through the glymphatic system.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shukla|first=Mayuri|last2=Govitrapong|first2=Piyarat|last3=Boontem|first3=Parichart|last4=Reiter|first4=Russel  J.|last5=Satayavivad|first5=Jutamaad|date=2017-08-28|title=Mechanisms of Melatonin in Alleviating Alzheimer’s Disease|url=http://www.eurekaselect.com/150847/article|journal=Current Neuropharmacology|language=en|volume=15|issue=7|doi=10.2174/1570159X15666170313123454|pmc=5652010|pmid=28294066}}</ref> Recent research concluded that exogenous melatonin administered in the preclinical phase of dementia demonstrates a significant increase in sleep quality and efficiency.<ref name=":3" />