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{{Short description|2000s social networking website}}
{{Infobox dot-com company
{{Infobox website
| name = ConnectU Inc.
| name = ConnectU Inc.
| logo = [[File:connectu logo thumb.jpg|200px]]
| logo = [[File:connectu logo thumb.jpg|200px]]
Line 20: Line 21:
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2004|05|21}} (as HarvardConnection)
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2004|05|21}} (as HarvardConnection)
| products = ConnectU.com, i2hub.com, Jungalu.com, StallScribbles.com, Digital Flyers, ConnectHi (theyearbook.org), ConnectGroups, The Winklevoss Chang Group Representative Program, The Rep Center, Social Butterfly
| products = ConnectU.com, i2hub.com, Jungalu.com, StallScribbles.com, Digital Flyers, ConnectHi (theyearbook.org), ConnectGroups, The Winklevoss Chang Group Representative Program, The Rep Center, Social Butterfly
| current_status = Inactive
| current_status = Defunct
| alexa =
| alexa =
}}
}}


'''ConnectU''' (originally '''HarvardConnection''') was a [[social network service|social networking]] website launched on May 21, 2004,<ref name="onlineadversaries">{{cite news |first=Marcella |last=Bombardieri |title=Online Adversaries: Rivalry between college-networking websites spawns lawsuit |date=2004-09-17 |publisher=The Boston Globe|url= http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2004/09/17/online_adversaries/ |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref> that was founded by [[Harvard University|Harvard]] students [[Cameron Winklevoss]], [[Tyler Winklevoss]], and [[Divya Narendra]] in December 2002.<ref name="whoownsconcept">{{cite news |first=Jason|last=Pontin|title=Who owns the concept if no one signs the papers? |date=2007-08-12 |publisher=The New York Times |url=https://www.oneliotimes.com/2007/08/12/business/yourmoney/12stream.html?_r=1 |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref> Users could add people as friends, send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves.<ref name="memedia">{{cite news |first=John |last=Cassidy |title=Me Media: How hanging out on the Internet became big business |date=2006-05-15 |publisher=The New Yorker |url=http://www.newonelier.com/archive/2006/05/15/060515fa_fact_cassidy |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref> Users were placed in networks based upon the [[domain name]] associated with the [[email address]] they used for registration.<ref name="tangledweb">{{cite news |first=Timothy|last=McGinn |title=Online facebooks duel over tangled web of authorship |date=2004-05-28 |publisher=The Harvard Crimson |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/5/28/online-facebooks-duel-over-tangled-web/ |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref>
'''ConnectU''' (originally '''HarvardConnection''') was a [[social network service|social networking]] website launched on May 21, 2004,<ref name="onlineadversaries">{{cite news |first=Marcella |last=Bombardieri |title=Online Adversaries: Rivalry between college-networking websites spawns lawsuit |date=2004-09-17 |publisher=The Boston Globe|url= http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2004/09/17/online_adversaries/ }}</ref> that was founded by [[Harvard University|Harvard]] students [[Cameron Winklevoss]], [[Tyler Winklevoss]], and [[Divya Narendra]] in December 2002.<ref name="whoownsconcept">{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Pontin |title=Who owns the concept if no one signs the papers? |date=2007-08-12 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.oneliotimes.com/2007/08/12/business/yourmoney/12stream.html?_r=1 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Users could add people as friends, send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves.<ref name="memedia">{{cite magazine |first=John |last=Cassidy |title=Me Media: How hanging out on the Internet became big business |date=2006-05-15 |magazine=The New Yorker |url=http://www.newonelier.com/archive/2006/05/15/060515fa_fact_cassidy }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Users were placed in networks based upon the [[domain name]] associated with the [[email address]] they used for registration.<ref name="tangledweb">{{cite news |first=Timothy|last=McGinn |title=Online facebooks duel over tangled web of authorship |date=2004-05-28 |publisher=The Harvard Crimson |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/5/28/online-facebooks-duel-over-tangled-web/ }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
In December 2002, Harvard students and friends Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra wanted a better way to connect with fellow students at Harvard and other universities.<ref name="websitesclick">{{cite news |first=Claire|last=Bourne|title=Web sites click on campus |date=2004-11-23 |publisher=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/education/2004-11-23-campus-connection-usat_x.htm |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref> As a result, the three conceived of a [[social network service|social network]] for Harvard students named HarvardConnection,<ref name="whoownsconcept"/> which was to expand to other schools around the country.<ref name="facebookfullstory">{{cite news |first=Nicholas|last=Carlson|title=At Last--The full story of how Facebook was founded |date=2010-03-05 |publisher=The Business Insider |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-facebook-was-founded-2010-3#we-can-talk-about-that-after-i-get-all-the-basic-functionality-up-tomorrow-night-1 |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref><ref name="gaodeclaration">{{Cite court|litigants=ConnectU, Inc. v. Facebook, Inc. et al |vol=|reporter=|opinion=|pinpoint=Declaration of Victor Gao|court=Massachusetts Federal Court|date=2007-09-21|url=http://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/massachusetts/madce/1:2007cv10593/108516/113/0.pdf }}</ref><ref name="pokingfacebook">{{cite news |first=Luke |last=O'Brien |title=Polking Facebook |date=2007-12-03 |publisher=02138 Magazine |url=http://www.informationliberation.com/?id=24402 |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref> In January 2003, they enlisted the help of fellow Harvard student, [[programmer]] and friend Sanjay Mavinkurve to begin building HarvardConnection.<ref name="tangledweb"/> Sanjay commenced work on HarvardConnection but left the project in the spring of 2003 when he graduated and went to work for [[Google]].<ref name="techrecruiting">{{cite news|first=Matt|last=Richtel|title=Tech recruiting clashes with immigration rules|date=2009-04-11 |publisher=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/business/12immig.html?_r=1 |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref>
In December 2002, Harvard students and friends Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra wanted a better way to connect with fellow students at Harvard and other universities.<ref name="websitesclick">{{cite news |first=Claire|last=Bourne|title=Web sites click on campus |date=2004-11-23 |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/education/2004-11-23-campus-connection-usat_x.htm }}</ref> As a result, the three conceived of a [[social network service|social network]] for Harvard students named HarvardConnection,<ref name="whoownsconcept"/> which was to expand to other schools around the country.<ref name="facebookfullstory">{{cite news |first=Nicholas|last=Carlson|title=At Last--The full story of how Facebook was founded |date=2010-03-05 |publisher=The Business Insider |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-facebook-was-founded-2010-3#we-can-talk-about-that-after-i-get-all-the-basic-functionality-up-tomorrow-night-1 }}</ref><ref name="gaodeclaration">{{Cite court|litigants=ConnectU, Inc. v. Facebook, Inc. et al |vol=|reporter=|opinion=|pinpoint=Declaration of Victor Gao|court=Massachusetts Federal Court|date=2007-09-21|url=http://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/massachusetts/madce/1:2007cv10593/108516/113/0.pdf }}</ref><ref name="pokingfacebook">{{cite news |first=Luke |last=O'Brien |title=Poking Facebook |date=2007-12-03 |publisher=02138 Magazine |url=http://www.informationliberation.com/?id=24402 }}</ref> In January 2003, they enlisted the help of fellow Harvard student, [[programmer]] and friend Sanjay Mavinkurve to begin building HarvardConnection.<ref name="tangledweb"/> Sanjay commenced work on HarvardConnection but left the project in the spring of 2003 when he graduated and went to work for [[Google]].<ref name="techrecruiting">{{cite news|first=Matt|last=Richtel|title=Tech recruiting clashes with immigration rules|date=2009-04-11 |work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/12/business/12immig.html?_r=1 }}</ref>


After the departure of Sanjay Mavinkurve, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Narendra’s friend, Harvard student and [[programmer]] Victor Gao to work on HarvardConnection.<ref name="tangledweb"/> Gao, a senior in [[Mather House (Harvard University)|Mather House]], had opted not to become a full partner in the venture, instead agreeing to be paid in a [[work for hire]] capacity on a rolling basis.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/> He was paid $400 for his work on the website code during the second half of 2003, then excused himself thereafter due to personal obligations.<ref name="gaodeclaration"/>
After the departure of Sanjay Mavinkurve, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Narendra's friend, Harvard student and [[programmer]] Victor Gao to work on HarvardConnection.<ref name="tangledweb"/> Gao, a senior in [[Mather House (Harvard University)|Mather House]], had opted not to become a full partner in the venture, instead agreeing to be paid in a [[work for hire]] capacity on a rolling basis.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/> He was paid $400 for his work on the website code during the second half of 2003, then excused himself thereafter due to personal obligations.<ref name="gaodeclaration"/>


===Mark Zuckerberg===
===Mark Zuckerberg===
In November 2003, upon the referral of Victor Gao, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached [[Mark Zuckerberg]] about joining the HarvardConnection team.<ref name="facebookaccused">{{cite news |title=Facebook accused of stealing idea |date=2004-09-09 |publisher=The Daily Free Press, Boston University |url=http://www.dailyfreepress.com/news/facebook-accused-of-stealing-idea-1.931927 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004204336/http://www.dailyfreepress.com/news/facebook-accused-of-stealing-idea-1.931927 |archive-date=2010-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By this point, the previous HarvardConnection programmers had already made progress on a large amount of the coding: front-end pages, the registration system, a database, back-end coding, and a way users could connect with each other, which Gao called a "handshake". In early November, Narendra emailed Zuckerberg saying, "We’re very deep into developing a site which we would like you to be a part of and ... which we know will make some waves on campus." Within days, Zuckerberg was talking to the HarvardConnection team and preparing to take over programming duties from Gao.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/>
In November 2003, upon the referral of Victor Gao, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached [[Mark Zuckerberg]] about joining the HarvardConnection team.<ref name="facebookaccused">{{cite news |title=Facebook accused of stealing idea |date=2004-09-09 |publisher=The Daily Free Press, Boston University |url=http://www.dailyfreepress.com/news/facebook-accused-of-stealing-idea-1.931927 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004204336/http://www.dailyfreepress.com/news/facebook-accused-of-stealing-idea-1.931927 |archive-date=2010-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By this point, the previous HarvardConnection programmers had already made progress on a large amount of the coding: front-end pages, the registration system, a database, back-end coding, and a way users could connect with each other, which Gao called a "handshake". In early November, Narendra emailed Zuckerberg saying, "We're very deep into developing a site which we would like you to be a part of and ... which we know will make some waves on campus." Within days, Zuckerberg was talking to the HarvardConnection team and preparing to take over programming duties from Gao.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/>


On the evening of November 25, 2003,<ref name="complaintagainstdefendants">{{Cite court|litigants=ConnectU, Inc. v. Facebook, Inc. et al |vol=|reporter=|opinion=|pinpoint=Complaint against all defendants, filed by Connectu, Inc. |court=Massachusetts Federal Court|date=2007-03-28|url=http://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/massachusetts/madce/1:2007cv10593/108516/1/}}</ref> the Winklevosses and Narendra met with Zuckerberg in the dining hall of Harvard's [[Kirkland House, Harvard University|Kirkland House]], where they explained to Zuckerberg the HarvardConnection website, the plan to expand to other schools after launch, the confidential nature of the project, and the importance of getting there first.<ref name="facebookfullstory"/><ref name="pokingfacebook"/> During the meeting, Zuckerberg allegedly entered into an [[oral contract]] with Narendra and the Winklevosses and became a partner in HarvardConnection.<ref name="onlineadversaries"/> He was given the private server location and password for the unfinished HarvardConnection website and code,<ref name="gaodeclaration"/> with the understanding that he would finish the programming necessary for launch.<ref name="onlineadversaries"/> Zuckerberg allegedly chose to be compensated in the form of [[sweat equity]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Rebecca |last=Macatee |title=The real Cameron Winklevoss says 'The Social Network' is 'nonfiction'|date=2010-10-01 |publisher=PopEater |url=http://www.popeater.com/2010/10/01/cameron-winklevoss-social-network/ |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jess |last=Milcetich |title=Thefacebook.com faces lawsuit from rival site |date=2005-03-16 |publisher=The Diamondback, University of Maryland |url=http://www.diamondbackonline.com/2.2814/thefacebook-com-faces-lawsuit-from-rival-site-1.295577 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312035610/http://www.diamondbackonline.com/2.2814/thefacebook-com-faces-lawsuit-from-rival-site-1.295577 |archive-date=2012-03-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On the evening of November 25, 2003,<ref name="complaintagainstdefendants">{{Cite court|litigants=ConnectU, Inc. v. Facebook, Inc. et al |vol=|reporter=|opinion=|pinpoint=Complaint against all defendants, filed by Connectu, Inc. |court=Massachusetts Federal Court|date=2007-03-28|url=http://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/massachusetts/madce/1:2007cv10593/108516/1/}}</ref> the Winklevosses and Narendra met with Zuckerberg in the dining hall of Harvard's [[Kirkland House, Harvard University|Kirkland House]], where they explained to Zuckerberg the HarvardConnection website, the plan to expand to other schools after launch, the confidential nature of the project, and the importance of getting there first.<ref name="facebookfullstory"/><ref name="pokingfacebook"/> During the meeting, Zuckerberg allegedly entered into an [[oral contract]] with Narendra and the Winklevosses and became a partner in HarvardConnection.<ref name="onlineadversaries"/> He was given the private server location and password for the unfinished HarvardConnection website and code,<ref name="gaodeclaration"/> with the understanding that he would finish the programming necessary for launch.<ref name="onlineadversaries"/> Zuckerberg allegedly chose to be compensated in the form of [[sweat equity]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Rebecca |last=Macatee |title=The real Cameron Winklevoss says 'The Social Network' is 'nonfiction'|date=2010-10-01 |publisher=PopEater |url=http://www.popeater.com/2010/10/01/cameron-winklevoss-social-network/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jess |last=Milcetich |title=Thefacebook.com faces lawsuit from rival site |date=2005-03-16 |publisher=The Diamondback, University of Maryland |url=http://www.diamondbackonline.com/2.2814/thefacebook-com-faces-lawsuit-from-rival-site-1.295577 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312035610/http://www.diamondbackonline.com/2.2814/thefacebook-com-faces-lawsuit-from-rival-site-1.295577 |archive-date=2012-03-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


On November 30, 2003, Zuckerberg told Cameron Winklevoss in an email that he did not expect completion of the project to be difficult. Zuckerberg wrote: "I read over all the stuff you sent and it seems like it shouldn't take too long to implement, so we can talk about that after I get all the basic functionality up tomorrow night."<ref name="facebookaccused"/> The next day, on December 1, 2003, Zuckerberg sent another email to the HarvardConnection team. "I put together one of the two registration pages so I have everything working on my system now. I'll keep you posted as I patch stuff up and it starts to become completely functional." On December 4, 2003, Zuckerberg writes: "Sorry I was unreachable tonight. I just got about three of your missed calls. I was working on a [[problem set]]."
On November 30, 2003, Zuckerberg told Cameron Winklevoss in an email that he did not expect completion of the project to be difficult. Zuckerberg wrote: "I read over all the stuff you sent and it seems like it shouldn't take too long to implement, so we can talk about that after I get all the basic functionality up tomorrow night."<ref name="facebookaccused"/> The next day, on December 1, 2003, Zuckerberg sent another email to the HarvardConnection team. "I put together one of the two registration pages so I have everything working on my system now. I'll keep you posted as I patch stuff up and it starts to become completely functional." On December 4, 2003, Zuckerberg writes: "Sorry I was unreachable tonight. I just got about three of your missed calls. I was working on a [[problem set]]."


On December 10, 2003: "The week has been pretty busy thus far, so I haven't gotten a chance to do much work on the site or even think about it really, so I think it's probably best to postpone meeting until we have more to discuss. I'm also really busy tomorrow so I don't think I'd be able to meet then anyway." A week later: "Sorry I have not been reachable for the past few days. I've basically been in the lab the whole time working on a cs problem set which I'm still not finished with."<ref name="facebookfullstory"/> On December 17, 2003,<ref name="complaintagainstdefendants"/> Zuckerberg met with the Winklevosses and Narendra in his dorm room, allegedly confirming his interest and assuring them that the site was almost complete. On the whiteboard in his room, Zuckerberg allegedly had scrawled multiple lines of code under the heading “Harvard Connection,” and this would be the only time they saw any of his work.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/>
On December 10, 2003: "The week has been pretty busy thus far, so I haven't gotten a chance to do much work on the site or even think about it really, so I think it's probably best to postpone meeting until we have more to discuss. I'm also really busy tomorrow so I don't think I'd be able to meet then anyway." A week later: "Sorry I have not been reachable for the past few days. I've basically been in the lab the whole time working on a cs problem set which I'm still not finished with."<ref name="facebookfullstory"/> On December 17, 2003,<ref name="complaintagainstdefendants"/> Zuckerberg met with the Winklevosses and Narendra in his dorm room, allegedly confirming his interest and assuring them that the site was almost complete. On the whiteboard in his room, Zuckerberg allegedly had scrawled multiple lines of code under the heading "Harvard Connection," and this would be the only time they saw any of his work.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/>


On January 8, 2004, Zuckerberg emailed to say he was "completely swamped with work [that] week" but had "made some of the changes ... and they seem[ed] to be working great" on his computer. He said he could discuss the site starting the following Tuesday, on January 13, 2004.<ref name="facebookaccused"/><ref name="TheFacebook.comfaceslawsuit">{{cite news |first=Alexander |last=Maugeri |title=TheFacebook.com faces lawsuit |date=2004-09-20 |publisher=The Daily Princetonian |url=http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2004/09/20/10767/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216190027/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2004/09/20/10767/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-02-16 |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref> On January 11, 2004, Zuckerberg registered the domain name thefacebook.com. On January 12, 2004, Zuckerberg e-mailed [[Eduardo Saverin]], saying that the site [[thefacebook.com]] was almost complete and that they should discuss marketing strategies.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/> Two days later, on January 14, 2004,<ref name="complaintagainstdefendants"/> Zuckerberg met again with the HarvardConnection team; he never mentioned registering the domain name thefacebook.com nor a competing [[social networking]] website, rather he reported progress on HarvardConnection, told them he would continue to work on it, and would email the group later in the week.<ref name="facebookaccused"/> On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched thefacebook.com, a social network for Harvard students, designed to expand to other schools around the country.<ref name="onlineadversaries"/>
On January 8, 2004, Zuckerberg emailed to say he was "completely swamped with work [that] week" but had "made some of the changes ... and they seem[ed] to be working great" on his computer. He said he could discuss the site starting the following Tuesday, on January 13, 2004.<ref name="facebookaccused"/><ref name="TheFacebook.comfaceslawsuit">{{cite news |first=Alexander |last=Maugeri |title=TheFacebook.com faces lawsuit |date=2004-09-20 |publisher=The Daily Princetonian |url=http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2004/09/20/10767/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216190027/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2004/09/20/10767/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-02-16 }}</ref> On January 11, 2004, Zuckerberg registered the domain name thefacebook.com. On January 12, 2004, Zuckerberg e-mailed [[Eduardo Saverin]], saying that the site [[thefacebook.com]] was almost complete and that they should discuss marketing strategies.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/> Two days later, on January 14, 2004,<ref name="complaintagainstdefendants"/> Zuckerberg met again with the HarvardConnection team; he never mentioned registering the domain name thefacebook.com nor a competing [[social networking]] website, rather he reported progress on HarvardConnection, told them he would continue to work on it, and would email the group later in the week.<ref name="facebookaccused"/> On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched thefacebook.com, a social network for Harvard students, designed to expand to other schools around the country.<ref name="onlineadversaries"/>


On February 6, 2004, the Winklevosses and Narendra first learned of thefacebook.com while reading a press release in the Harvard student newspaper ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]''.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/> According to Gao, who looked at the HarvardConnection code afterward, Zuckerberg had left the HarvardConnection code incomplete and non-functional, with a registration that did not connect with the back-end connections.<ref name="tangledweb"/> On February 10, 2004, the Winklevosses and Narendra sent Zuckerberg a [[cease and desist]] letter.<ref name="fornowfoescontinue">{{cite news |first=Malcolm |last=Glenn |title=For now, Facebook foes continue fight against site |date=2007-07-27 |publisher=The Harvard Crimson |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/7/27/for-now-facebook-foes-continue-fight/ |work=|pages=|accessdate=|language=}}</ref><ref name="facebookworstenemies">{{cite news |first=Mandy |last=Stadtmiller |title=Facebook's worst enemies |date=2010-09-15 |publisher=The New York Post |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/facebook_worst_enemies_PIJUMujycQwcHEFYKcGLPK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009090851/http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/facebook_worst_enemies_PIJUMujycQwcHEFYKcGLPK |archive-date=2010-10-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref> They also asked the Harvard administration to act on what they viewed as a violation of the university’s honor code and student handbook.<ref name="facebookfaceslitigation">{{cite news |first=David |last=Hale |title=Facebook faces litigation over design concept |date=2004-10-06 |publisher=The Daily Orange |url=http://www.dailyorange.com/2.8657/facebook-faces-litigation-over-design-concept-1.1245043 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120160914/http://www.dailyorange.com/2.8657/facebook-faces-litigation-over-design-concept-1.1245043 |archive-date=2010-11-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> They lodged a complaint with the Harvard Administrative Board and university president [[Larry Summers]], but both viewed the matter to be outside of the university's jurisdiction.<ref name="harvardgradsfaceoff">{{cite news |first=Shirin |last=Sharif |title=Harvard grads face off against thefacebook.com |date=2004-08-05 |publisher=The Stanford Daily |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2004/08/05/harvard-grads-face-off-against-thefacebookcom/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618102603/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2004/08/05/harvard-grads-face-off-against-thefacebookcom/ |archive-date=2010-06-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> President [[Larry Summers|Summers]] advised the HarvardConnection team to take their matter to the courts.<ref name="TheFacebook.comfaceslawsuit"/>
On February 6, 2004, the Winklevosses and Narendra first learned of thefacebook.com while reading a press release in the Harvard student newspaper ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]''.<ref name="pokingfacebook"/> According to Gao, who looked at the HarvardConnection code afterward, Zuckerberg had left the HarvardConnection code incomplete and non-functional, with a registration that did not connect with the back-end connections.<ref name="tangledweb"/> On February 10, 2004, the Winklevosses and Narendra sent Zuckerberg a [[cease and desist]] letter.<ref name="fornowfoescontinue">{{cite news |first=Malcolm |last=Glenn |title=For now, Facebook foes continue fight against site |date=2007-07-27 |publisher=The Harvard Crimson |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/7/27/for-now-facebook-foes-continue-fight/ }}</ref> They also asked the Harvard administration to act on what they viewed as a violation of the university's honor code and student handbook.<ref name="facebookfaceslitigation">{{cite news |first=David |last=Hale |title=Facebook faces litigation over design concept |date=2004-10-06 |publisher=The Daily Orange |url=http://www.dailyorange.com/2.8657/facebook-faces-litigation-over-design-concept-1.1245043 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120160914/http://www.dailyorange.com/2.8657/facebook-faces-litigation-over-design-concept-1.1245043 |archive-date=2010-11-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> They lodged a complaint with the Harvard Administrative Board and university president [[Larry Summers]], but both viewed the matter to be outside of the university's jurisdiction.<ref name="harvardgradsfaceoff">{{cite news |first=Shirin |last=Sharif |title=Harvard grads face off against thefacebook.com |date=2004-08-05 |publisher=The Stanford Daily |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2004/08/05/harvard-grads-face-off-against-thefacebookcom/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618102603/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2004/08/05/harvard-grads-face-off-against-thefacebookcom/ |archive-date=2010-06-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> President Summers advised the HarvardConnection team to take their matter to the courts.<ref name="TheFacebook.comfaceslawsuit"/>


The About section of the ConnectU website included this sentence, which was live on December 4, 2004: "We've cycled through several programmers, even one who stole our ideas to create a competing site, without informing us of his intentions."<ref name="aboutconnectu">{{cite news|first=ConnectU |last=ConnectU |title=About ConnectU - Short History |date=2004-12-04 |publisher=ConnectU |url=http://www.connectu.com/about/short.php |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204154457/http://www.connectu.com/about/short.php |archivedate=December 4, 2004 }}</ref>
The About section of the ConnectU website included this sentence, which was live on December 4, 2004: "We've cycled through several programmers, even one who stole our ideas to create a competing site, without informing us of his intentions."<ref name="aboutconnectu">{{cite news|first=ConnectU |last=ConnectU |title=About ConnectU - Short History |date=2004-12-04 |publisher=ConnectU |url=http://www.connectu.com/about/short.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204154457/http://www.connectu.com/about/short.php |archive-date=December 4, 2004 }}</ref>


====Leaked instant messages====
====Leaked instant messages====
Between November 29, 2003 and February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg exchanged a total of 52 emails with the HarvardConnection team and engaged in several in-person meetings.<ref name="TheFacebook.comfaceslawsuit"/> In this period, Zuckerberg engaged in multiple electronic [[instant message]] communications with people outside of the HarvardConnection team. On March 5, 2010, certain electronic instant messages from Mark Zuckerberg's [[hard drive]] were leaked.<ref name="facebookfullstory"/> On September 20, 2010, [[Facebook]] confirmed the authenticity of these leaked instant messages in a ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' article.<ref name="faceoffacebook">{{cite news |first=Jose |last=Vargas |title=The face of facebook |date=2010-09-20 |publisher=The New Yorker |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/09/20/100920fa_fact_vargas}}</ref>
Between November 29, 2003, and February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg exchanged a total of 52 emails with the HarvardConnection team and engaged in several in-person meetings.<ref name="TheFacebook.comfaceslawsuit"/> In this period, Zuckerberg engaged in multiple electronic [[instant message]] communications with people outside of the HarvardConnection team. On March 5, 2010, certain electronic instant messages from Mark Zuckerberg's [[hard drive]] were leaked.<ref name="facebookfullstory"/> On September 20, 2010, [[Facebook, Inc.|Facebook]] confirmed the authenticity of these leaked instant messages in a ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' article.<ref name="faceoffacebook">{{cite magazine |first=Jose |last=Vargas |title=The face of facebook |date=2010-09-20 |magazine=The New Yorker |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/09/20/100920fa_fact_vargas}}</ref>


== The Winklevoss Chang Group ==
== The Winklevoss Chang Group ==
Line 61: Line 62:
* The Rep Center, an internet-based portal, accessible through ConnectU.com, providing a centralized location for the representatives of The Winklevoss Chang Representative Program to communicate and earn points (redeemable for prizes) by recruiting and signing up new users for all of WCG's properties
* The Rep Center, an internet-based portal, accessible through ConnectU.com, providing a centralized location for the representatives of The Winklevoss Chang Representative Program to communicate and earn points (redeemable for prizes) by recruiting and signing up new users for all of WCG's properties
* Social Butterfly, a feature added to ConnectU to allow users to consolidate their accounts at various social networking sites, such as Facebook, and make that information accessible through ConnectU
* Social Butterfly, a feature added to ConnectU to allow users to consolidate their accounts at various social networking sites, such as Facebook, and make that information accessible through ConnectU
* [http://www.google.com/patents?id=CMuZAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4 US Patent Application 20060212395], related to a method of purchasing of copyrighted computer files through affinity programs, such as using points from a credit card to purchase copyrighted movies.
* [https://patents.google.com/patent/US20060212395A1/en US Patent Application 20060212395], related to a method of purchasing of copyrighted computer files through affinity programs, such as using points from a credit card to purchase copyrighted movies.


==Lawsuits==
==Lawsuits==


===Facebook lawsuits===
===Facebook lawsuits===
{{see also|Criticism of Facebook#ConnectU.com lawsuit}}
{{see also|Lawsuits involving Facebook#ConnectU.com lawsuit}}
[[File:08-16745, 08-16873, 09-15021 - The Facebook, Inc. v. ConnectU, Inc..webm|thumb|Recording of oral arguments in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.]]
[[File:08-16745, 08-16873, 09-15021 - The Facebook, Inc. v. ConnectU, Inc..webm|thumb|Recording of oral arguments in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals]]
In 2004, ConnectU filed a lawsuit against [[Facebook]] alleging that creator Mark Zuckerberg had breached an oral contract to develop ConnectU and used their source code and idea to create TheFacebook.com.<ref name=disputesoft>{{cite web | last = DisputeSoft | title = DisputeSoft &#8211; IT Litigation Consulting Experts&nbsp;-&nbsp; ConnectU v. Mark Zuckerberg &amp; The Facebook | url=https://www.disputesoft.com/cases/connectu-v-mark-zuckerberg-the-facebook/ | accessdate = 18 December 2019 }}</ref> The suit alleged that Zuckerberg had copied their idea<ref name=globe>{{cite news|title=Facebook, ConnectU settle dispute:Case an intellectual property kerfuffle|url=http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2008/06/27/facebook_connectu_settle_dispute/|author=Michael Levenson|publisher=Boston Globe|date=2008-06-27}}</ref><ref>[[Malcom Glenn|Malcom A. Glenn]], [http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=519386 "For Now, Facebook Foes Continue Fight Against Site"], The Harvard Crimson, July 27, 2007</ref> and illegally used [[source code]] intended for the website he was hired to create.<ref name=02138Mag>{{cite news | first=Luke | last=O'Brien | url=http://www.02138mag.com/magazine/article/1724.html | title=Poking Facebook | work=[[02138]] | date=November–December 2007 | page=66 | accessdate=2008-06-26 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514205853/http://www.02138mag.com/magazine/article/1724.html | archivedate=2008-05-14 }}</ref><ref name=Crimson>{{cite news | first=Timothy J. | last=McGinn |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513007| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815192011/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513007 | title=Lawsuit Threatens To Close Facebook | work=[[Harvard Crimson]] | date=2004-09-13|archivedate=2007-08-15 |accessdate=2008-03-08}}</ref><ref name=Princetonian>{{cite news | accessdate=2008-03-08 | first=Alexander | last=Maugeri | url=http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2004/09/20/news/10767.shtml | title=TheFacebook.com faces lawsuit | work=[[The Daily Princetonian]] | date=2004-09-20 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724125832/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2004/09/20/10767/ | archive-date=2012-07-24 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Facebook in court over ownership">{{cite web|accessdate=2008-03-15|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jul/25/digitalmedia.usnews|title=Facebook in court over ownership |work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2007-07-25|author=Tryhorn, Chris }}</ref> Facebook countersued in regards to Social Butterfly, a project put out by The Winklevoss Chang Group. It named among the defendants ConnectU, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, Divya Narendra, and [[Wayne Chang]], founder of i2hub.<ref name=justia1>{{cite news|publisher=Justia|url=http://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/5:2007cv01389/189975/|date=2007-03-09| title=The Facebook, Inc. v. Connectu, LLC et al|author=California Northern District Court}}</ref> A settlement agreement for both cases was reached in February 2008, reportedly valued at $65 million. This included buying the domain name ConnectU.com and shutting it down.<ref name=nytb>{{cite news|publisher=New York Times|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/judge-ends-facebooks-feud-with-connectu/index.html|date=2008-06-28| title=Judge Ends Facebook’s Feud With ConnectU|author=Brad Stone}}</ref> In May 2010, it was reported that ConnectU was accusing Facebook of securities fraud on the value of the stock that was part of the settlement and wanted to get the settlement undone. According to ConnectU's allegations, the stock was worth $11 million instead of $45 million that Facebook presented at the time of settlement. This meant the settlement value, at the time, was $31 million, instead of the $65 million.<ref name=vb1>{{cite news|publisher=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/05/19/facebook-connectu-securities-fraud/|date=2010-05-19| title=Facebook CEO’s latest woe: accusations of securities fraud|author=Owen Thomas}}</ref><ref name=teye>{{cite news|publisher=TechEye|url=http://www.techeye.net/business/facebooks-zuckerberg-faces-security-fraud-allegations|date=2010-05-21|title=Facebook's Zuckerberg faces security fraud allegation|author=Nick Farrell|access-date=2010-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724071108/http://www.techeye.net/business/facebooks-zuckerberg-faces-security-fraud-allegations|archive-date=2010-07-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> On August 26, 2010, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Facebook shares were trading at $76 per share in the secondary market, putting the total settlement value at close to $120 million.<ref name=nytblog>{{cite news|publisher=New York Times|url=http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/25/investors-value-facebook-at-up-to-33-7-billion/|date=August 26, 2010| title=Investors Value Facebook at Up to $33.7 Billion}}</ref><ref name=venturebeat1>{{cite news|publisher=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2009/02/12/financial-wrinkle-lost-connectu-some-facebook-settlement-dollars/|date=February 12, 2009| title=Financial wrinkle lost ConnectU some Facebook settlement dollars|author=Eric Eldon}}</ref> If the lawsuit adjusted the settlement to match the difference, the value would quadruple to over $466 million.<ref name=venturebeat2 >{{cite news|publisher=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/05/19/facebook-connectu-securities-fraud/|date=May 19, 2010|author=Owen Thomas|title=venturebeat2}}</ref>
In 2004, ConnectU filed a lawsuit against [[Facebook, Inc.|Facebook]] alleging that creator Mark Zuckerberg had breached an oral contract to develop ConnectU and used their source code and idea to create TheFacebook.com.<ref name=disputesoft>{{cite web | last = DisputeSoft | title = DisputeSoft – IT Litigation Consulting Experts&nbsp;-&nbsp; ConnectU v. Mark Zuckerberg & The Facebook | url=https://www.disputesoft.com/cases/connectu-v-mark-zuckerberg-the-facebook/ | accessdate = 18 December 2019 }}</ref> The suit alleged that Zuckerberg had copied their idea<ref name=globe>{{cite news|title=Facebook, ConnectU settle dispute:Case an intellectual property kerfuffle|url=http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2008/06/27/facebook_connectu_settle_dispute/|author=Michael Levenson|publisher=The Boston Globe|date=2008-06-27}}</ref><ref>[[Malcom Glenn|Malcom A. Glenn]], [http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=519386 "For Now, Facebook Foes Continue Fight Against Site"], The Harvard Crimson, July 27, 2007</ref> and illegally used [[source code]] intended for the website he was hired to create.<ref name=02138Mag>{{cite news | first=Luke | last=O'Brien | url=http://www.02138mag.com/magazine/article/1724.html | title=Poking Facebook | work=[[02138]] | date=November–December 2007 | page=66 | accessdate=2008-06-26 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514205853/http://www.02138mag.com/magazine/article/1724.html | archive-date=2008-05-14 }}</ref><ref name=Crimson>{{cite news | first=Timothy J. | last=McGinn |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815192011/http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513007 | title=Lawsuit Threatens To Close Facebook | work=[[Harvard Crimson]] | date=2004-09-13|archive-date=2007-08-15 |accessdate=2008-03-08}}</ref><ref name=Princetonian>{{cite news | accessdate=2008-03-08 | first=Alexander | last=Maugeri | url=http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2004/09/20/news/10767.shtml | title=TheFacebook.com faces lawsuit | work=[[The Daily Princetonian]] | date=2004-09-20 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724125832/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2004/09/20/10767/ | archive-date=2012-07-24 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Facebook in court over ownership">{{cite web|accessdate=2008-03-15|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jul/25/digitalmedia.usnews|title=Facebook in court over ownership |work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2007-07-25|author=Tryhorn, Chris }}</ref> Facebook countersued in regard to Social Butterfly, a project put out by The Winklevoss Chang Group. It named among the defendants ConnectU, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, Divya Narendra, and [[Wayne Chang]], founder of i2hub.<ref name=justia1>{{cite news|publisher=Justia|url=http://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/candce/5:2007cv01389/189975/|date=2007-03-09| title=The Facebook, Inc. v. Connectu, LLC et al|author=California Northern District Court}}</ref> A settlement agreement for both cases was reached in February 2008, reportedly valued at $65 million. This included buying the domain name ConnectU.com and shutting it down.<ref name=nytb>{{cite news|work=The New York Times|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/judge-ends-facebooks-feud-with-connectu/index.html|date=2008-06-28| title=Judge Ends Facebook's Feud With ConnectU|author=Brad Stone}}</ref> In May 2010, it was reported that ConnectU was accusing Facebook of securities fraud on the value of the stock that was part of the settlement and wanted to get the settlement undone. According to ConnectU's allegations, the stock was worth $11 million instead of $45 million that Facebook presented at the time of settlement. This meant the settlement value, at the time, was $31 million, instead of the $65 million.<ref name=vb1>{{cite news|publisher=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/05/19/facebook-connectu-securities-fraud/|date=2010-05-19| title=Facebook CEO's latest woe: accusations of securities fraud|author=Owen Thomas}}</ref><ref name=teye>{{cite news|publisher=TechEye|url=http://www.techeye.net/business/facebooks-zuckerberg-faces-security-fraud-allegations|date=2010-05-21|title=Facebook's Zuckerberg faces security fraud allegation|author=Nick Farrell|access-date=2010-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724071108/http://www.techeye.net/business/facebooks-zuckerberg-faces-security-fraud-allegations|archive-date=2010-07-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> On August 26, 2010, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Facebook shares were trading at $76 per share in the secondary market, putting the total settlement value at close to $120 million.<ref name=nytblog>{{cite news|work=The New York Times|url=http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/25/investors-value-facebook-at-up-to-33-7-billion/|date=August 26, 2010| title=Investors Value Facebook at Up to $33.7 Billion}}</ref><ref name=venturebeat1>{{cite news|publisher=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2009/02/12/financial-wrinkle-lost-connectu-some-facebook-settlement-dollars/|date=February 12, 2009| title=Financial wrinkle lost ConnectU some Facebook settlement dollars|author=Eric Eldon}}</ref> If the lawsuit adjusted the settlement to match the difference, the value would quadruple to over $466 million.<ref name=venturebeat2 >{{cite news|publisher=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/05/19/facebook-connectu-securities-fraud/|date=May 19, 2010|author=Owen Thomas|title=venturebeat2}}</ref>


In May 2011, after the Court of Appeals found against the Winklevosses, the twins announced that they would petition the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] to hear the case. In June 2011 the Winklevosses, in a filing with the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, said that "after careful consideration," they would not file their petition with the U.S. Supreme Court.<ref name=friendingfacebook1>{{cite news|publisher=ZDNet|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/facebook/winklevoss-twins-finally-give-up-fighting-facebook/1657|date=June 22, 2011| title=Winklevoss twins finally give up fighting Facebook|author=Emil Protalinski}}</ref> In a new filing, the Winklevoss brothers and their business partner Divya Narendra asked the judge to investigate whether Facebook "intentionally or inadvertently suppressed evidence."<ref name=friendingfacebook2>{{cite news|publisher=ZDNet|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/facebook/false-alarm-winklevoss-twins-to-continue-fighting-facebook/1689|date=June 24, 2011| title=False alarm: Winklevoss twins to continue fighting Facebook|author=Emil Protalinski}}</ref>
In May 2011, after the Court of Appeals found against the Winklevosses, the twins announced that they would petition the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] to hear the case. In June 2011 the Winklevosses, in a filing with the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, said that "after careful consideration," they would not file their petition with the U.S. Supreme Court.<ref name=friendingfacebook1>{{cite news|publisher=ZDNet|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/facebook/winklevoss-twins-finally-give-up-fighting-facebook/1657|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624130203/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/facebook/winklevoss-twins-finally-give-up-fighting-facebook/1657|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 24, 2011|date=June 22, 2011| title=Winklevoss twins finally give up fighting Facebook|author=Emil Protalinski}}</ref> In a new filing, the Winklevoss brothers and their business partner Divya Narendra asked the judge to investigate whether Facebook "intentionally or inadvertently suppressed evidence."<ref name=friendingfacebook2>{{cite news|publisher=ZDNet|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/facebook/false-alarm-winklevoss-twins-to-continue-fighting-facebook/1689|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628201818/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/facebook/false-alarm-winklevoss-twins-to-continue-fighting-facebook/1689|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 28, 2011|date=June 24, 2011| title=False alarm: Winklevoss twins to continue fighting Facebook|author=Emil Protalinski}}</ref>


===Quinn Emanuel lawsuits===
===Quinn Emanuel lawsuits===
One of ConnectU's law firms, [[Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan|Quinn Emanuel]], disclosed the confidential settlement amount in marketing material by printing "WON $65 million settlement against Facebook".<ref name=blogwsj>{{cite news|publisher=Wall Street Journal|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2009/02/10/quinn-emanuel-inadvertently-discloses-value-of-facebook-settlement|date=2009-02-10| title=Quinn Emanuel Inadvertently Discloses Value of Facebook Settlement|author=Dan Slater}}</ref> Quinn Emanuel sought $13 million of the settlement as part of a contingency agreement. ConnectU fired Quinn Emanuel and sued the law firm for malpractice.<ref name=recorder1>{{cite news|publisher=The Recorder|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202428141988|date=2010-02-10| title=Quinn Emanuel Brochure Spills Value of Confidential Facebook Settlement|author=Zusha Elinson}}</ref> On August 25, 2010, an arbitration panel ruled that Quinn Emanuel "earned its full contingency fee". It also found that Quinn Emanuel committed no malpractice.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=The National Law Journal|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202472039360&Arbitrators_Confirm_Quinn_Emanuels_Fee_in_Facebook_Settlement|date=2010-09-15|title=Arbitrators Confirm Quinn Emanuel's Fee in Facebook Settlement|author=Nate Raymond}}</ref>
One of ConnectU's law firms, [[Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan|Quinn Emanuel]], disclosed the confidential settlement amount in marketing material by printing "WON $65 million settlement against Facebook".<ref name=blogwsj>{{cite news|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2009/02/10/quinn-emanuel-inadvertently-discloses-value-of-facebook-settlement|date=2009-02-10| title=Quinn Emanuel Inadvertently Discloses Value of Facebook Settlement|author=Dan Slater}}</ref> Quinn Emanuel sought $13 million of the settlement as part of a contingency agreement. ConnectU fired Quinn Emanuel and sued the law firm for malpractice.<ref name=recorder1>{{cite news|publisher=The Recorder|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202428141988|date=2010-02-10| title=Quinn Emanuel Brochure Spills Value of Confidential Facebook Settlement|author=Zusha Elinson}}</ref> On August 25, 2010, an arbitration panel ruled that Quinn Emanuel "earned its full contingency fee". It also found that Quinn Emanuel committed no malpractice.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=The National Law Journal|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202472039360&Arbitrators_Confirm_Quinn_Emanuels_Fee_in_Facebook_Settlement|date=2010-09-15|title=Arbitrators Confirm Quinn Emanuel's Fee in Facebook Settlement|author=Nate Raymond}}</ref>


===The Winklevoss Chang Group lawsuit===
===The Winklevoss Chang Group lawsuit===
On December 21, 2009, i2hub founder [[Wayne Chang]] and The i2hub Organization launched a lawsuit against ConnectU and its founders, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, seeking 50% of the settlement. The complaint says "The Winklevosses and Howard Winklevoss filed [a] patent application, U.S. Patent Application No 20060212395, on or around March 15, 2005, but did not list Chang as a co-inventor."<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/25379721/Chang-v-Winklevoss-Complaint]</ref> It also states "Through this litigation, Chang asserts his ownership interest in The Winklevoss Chang Group and ConnectU, including the settlement proceeds."<ref name="cnet3"/> Lee Gesmer (of law firm Gesmer Updegrove, LLP) posted the 33-page complaint online.<ref name="gesmer1"/><ref name=masslawblog1>{{cite news|publisher=Mass Law Blog|url=http://masslawblog.com/business-lit-session/connectu-and-facebook-goes-on-forever/|date=2010-01-18| title=The Road Goes on Forever, But the Lawsuits Never End: ConnectU, Facebook, Their Entourages|author=Lee Gesmer}}</ref>
On December 21, 2009, i2hub founder [[Wayne Chang]] and The i2hub Organization launched a lawsuit against ConnectU and its founders, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, seeking 50% of the settlement. The complaint says "The Winklevosses and Howard Winklevoss filed [a] patent application, U.S. Patent Application No 20060212395, on or around March 15, 2005, but did not list Chang as a co-inventor."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/25379721/Chang-v-Winklevoss-Complaint|title=Chang v. Winklevoss Complaint &#124; PDF &#124; Facebook &#124; Business}}</ref> It also states "Through this litigation, Chang asserts his ownership interest in The Winklevoss Chang Group and ConnectU, including the settlement proceeds."<ref name="cnet3"/> Lee Gesmer (of law firm Gesmer Updegrove, LLP) posted the 33-page complaint online.<ref name="gesmer1"/><ref name=masslawblog1>{{cite news|publisher=Mass Law Blog|url=http://masslawblog.com/business-lit-session/connectu-and-facebook-goes-on-forever/|date=2010-01-18| title=The Road Goes on Forever, But the Lawsuits Never End: ConnectU, Facebook, Their Entourages|author=Lee Gesmer}}</ref>


On May 13, 2011, it was reported that Judge Peter Lauriat had made a ruling against the Winklevosses. Chang's case against them could proceed. The Winklevosses argued that the court lacked jurisdiction because the settlement with Facebook had not been distributed and therefore Chang had not suffered any injury. Judge Lauriat wrote, "The flaw in this argument is that defendants appear to conflate loss of the settlement proceed with a loss of rights. Chang alleges that he has received nothing in return for the substantial benefits he provided to ConnectU, including the value of his work, as well as i2hub's users and goodwill." Lauriat also wrote that, although Chang's claims to the settlement are "too speculative to confer standing, his claims with respect to ownership in ConnectU are not. They constitute an injury separate and distinct from his possible share of the settlement proceeds. The court concludes that Chang has pled sufficient facts to confer standing with respect to his claims against the Winklevoss defendants."<ref name=hp051311>{{cite news|publisher=Huffington Post|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/13/wayne-chang-winklevoss-twins-facebook-settlement_n_861484.html|date=2011-05-13|title=Wayne Chang's Suit Against Winklevoss Twins Can Proceed, Judge Rules|author=Bianca Bosker}}</ref><ref name=law05132011>{{cite news|publisher=The National Law Journal|date=2011-05-13|title=Winklevoss Twins Loses Again in Court|author=Sheri Qualters|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202493848503}}</ref><ref name=fox051311>{{cite news| url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/05/13/winklevoss-twins-sued-facebook-fortunes/|publisher=Fox News|date=2011-05-13|title=Winklevoss Twins Sued For Part Of Their Facebook Fortunes}}</ref><ref name=allfacebook051311>{{ cite news|url=http://www.allfacebook.com/developer-sues-winklevoss-twins-everybody-cheers-2011-05|publisher=AllFacebook|date=2011-05-13|author=Nick O'Neill|title=Developer Sues Winklevoss Twins, Everybody Cheers|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108050044/http://www.allfacebook.com/developer-sues-winklevoss-twins-everybody-cheers-2011-05|archivedate=2012-01-08}}</ref><ref name=pcmag051311>{{cite news|publisher=PC Magazine|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2385383,00.asp|date=2011-05-13|author=Chloe Albanesius|title=Winklevoss Twins Face Lawsuit Over Facebook Funds}}</ref><ref name=bloomberg051311>{{cite news|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-13/winklevoss-twins-face-suit-over-failed-alliance.html|author=Sophia Pearson|date=2011-05-13|title=Winklevoss Twins Face Suit Over Failed Alliance, Judge Says}}</ref>
On May 13, 2011, it was reported that Judge Peter Lauriat had made a ruling against the Winklevosses. Chang's case against them could proceed. The Winklevosses argued that the court lacked jurisdiction because the settlement with Facebook had not been distributed and therefore Chang had not suffered any injury. Judge Lauriat wrote, "The flaw in this argument is that defendants appear to conflate loss of the settlement proceed with a loss of rights. Chang alleges that he has received nothing in return for the substantial benefits he provided to ConnectU, including the value of his work, as well as i2hub's users and goodwill." Lauriat also wrote that, although Chang's claims to the settlement are "too speculative to confer standing, his claims with respect to ownership in ConnectU are not. They constitute an injury separate and distinct from his possible share of the settlement proceeds. The court concludes that Chang has pled sufficient facts to confer standing with respect to his claims against the Winklevoss defendants."<ref name=hp051311>{{cite news|work=Huffington Post|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/13/wayne-chang-winklevoss-twins-facebook-settlement_n_861484.html|date=2011-05-13|title=Wayne Chang's Suit Against Winklevoss Twins Can Proceed, Judge Rules|author=Bianca Bosker}}</ref><ref name=law05132011>{{cite news|publisher=The National Law Journal|date=2011-05-13|title=Winklevoss Twins Loses Again in Court|author=Sheri Qualters|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202493848503}}</ref><ref name=fox051311>{{cite news| url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/05/13/winklevoss-twins-sued-facebook-fortunes/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516051459/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/05/13/winklevoss-twins-sued-facebook-fortunes/| url-status=dead| archive-date=May 16, 2011|publisher=Fox News|date=2011-05-13|title=Winklevoss Twins Sued For Part of Their Facebook Fortunes}}</ref><ref name=allfacebook051311>{{ cite news|url=http://www.allfacebook.com/developer-sues-winklevoss-twins-everybody-cheers-2011-05|publisher=AllFacebook|date=2011-05-13|author=Nick O'Neill|title=Developer Sues Winklevoss Twins, Everybody Cheers|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108050044/http://www.allfacebook.com/developer-sues-winklevoss-twins-everybody-cheers-2011-05|archive-date=2012-01-08}}</ref><ref name=pcmag051311>{{cite news|publisher=PC Magazine|url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2385383,00.asp|date=2011-05-13|author=Chloe Albanesius|title=Winklevoss Twins Face Lawsuit Over Facebook Funds}}</ref><ref name=bloomberg051311>{{cite news|publisher=Bloomberg News|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-13/winklevoss-twins-face-suit-over-failed-alliance.html|author=Sophia Pearson|date=2011-05-13|title=Winklevoss Twins Face Suit Over Failed Alliance, Judge Says}}</ref>


On December 24th, 2014, summary judgment in favor of the Winklevosses was granted. Chang's suit sought a portion of the settlement via two independent arguments. The first, that he formed a partnership with the Winklevosses, was dismissed based on May 25, 2005, chat where the partnership was dissolved. The second, a memorandum of understanding granting him the option to acquire a fifteen percent stake in ConnectU, was ruled a contract claim against ConnectU, the corporation, not the Winklevosses, former shareholders. <ref name=masslawyers>
On December 24, 2014, summary judgment in favor of the Winklevosses was granted. Chang's suit sought a portion of the settlement via two independent arguments. The first, that he formed a partnership with the Winklevosses, was dismissed based on a May 25, 2005 chat, where the partnership was dissolved. The second, a memorandum of understanding granting him the option to acquire a fifteen percent stake in ConnectU, was ruled a contract claim against ConnectU, the corporation, not the Winklevosses, former shareholders.<ref name=masslawyers>
{{cite news
{{cite news
| last = Gee
| last = Gee
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| newspaper = Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly
| newspaper = Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly
| location = Boston, MA
| location = Boston, MA
| language = English
| language = en
| publisher = Bridgetower Media
| publisher = Bridgetower Media
| date = January 13, 2015
| date = January 13, 2015
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Defunct social networking services]]
[[Category:Defunct social networking services]]

Latest revision as of 23:33, 9 November 2024

ConnectU Inc.
Type of site
Social network service
FoundedDecember 2002 (2002-12)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
Area servedWorldwide
Founder(s)Cameron Winklevoss
Tyler Winklevoss
Divya Narendra
ProductsConnectU.com, i2hub.com, Jungalu.com, StallScribbles.com, Digital Flyers, ConnectHi (theyearbook.org), ConnectGroups, The Winklevoss Chang Group Representative Program, The Rep Center, Social Butterfly
RegistrationRequired
LaunchedMay 21, 2004; 20 years ago (2004-05-21) (as HarvardConnection)
Current statusDefunct

ConnectU (originally HarvardConnection) was a social networking website launched on May 21, 2004,[1] that was founded by Harvard students Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra in December 2002.[2] Users could add people as friends, send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves.[3] Users were placed in networks based upon the domain name associated with the email address they used for registration.[4]

History

[edit]

In December 2002, Harvard students and friends Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra wanted a better way to connect with fellow students at Harvard and other universities.[5] As a result, the three conceived of a social network for Harvard students named HarvardConnection,[2] which was to expand to other schools around the country.[6][7][8] In January 2003, they enlisted the help of fellow Harvard student, programmer and friend Sanjay Mavinkurve to begin building HarvardConnection.[4] Sanjay commenced work on HarvardConnection but left the project in the spring of 2003 when he graduated and went to work for Google.[9]

After the departure of Sanjay Mavinkurve, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Narendra's friend, Harvard student and programmer Victor Gao to work on HarvardConnection.[4] Gao, a senior in Mather House, had opted not to become a full partner in the venture, instead agreeing to be paid in a work for hire capacity on a rolling basis.[8] He was paid $400 for his work on the website code during the second half of 2003, then excused himself thereafter due to personal obligations.[7]

Mark Zuckerberg

[edit]

In November 2003, upon the referral of Victor Gao, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Mark Zuckerberg about joining the HarvardConnection team.[10] By this point, the previous HarvardConnection programmers had already made progress on a large amount of the coding: front-end pages, the registration system, a database, back-end coding, and a way users could connect with each other, which Gao called a "handshake". In early November, Narendra emailed Zuckerberg saying, "We're very deep into developing a site which we would like you to be a part of and ... which we know will make some waves on campus." Within days, Zuckerberg was talking to the HarvardConnection team and preparing to take over programming duties from Gao.[8]

On the evening of November 25, 2003,[11] the Winklevosses and Narendra met with Zuckerberg in the dining hall of Harvard's Kirkland House, where they explained to Zuckerberg the HarvardConnection website, the plan to expand to other schools after launch, the confidential nature of the project, and the importance of getting there first.[6][8] During the meeting, Zuckerberg allegedly entered into an oral contract with Narendra and the Winklevosses and became a partner in HarvardConnection.[1] He was given the private server location and password for the unfinished HarvardConnection website and code,[7] with the understanding that he would finish the programming necessary for launch.[1] Zuckerberg allegedly chose to be compensated in the form of sweat equity.[12][13]

On November 30, 2003, Zuckerberg told Cameron Winklevoss in an email that he did not expect completion of the project to be difficult. Zuckerberg wrote: "I read over all the stuff you sent and it seems like it shouldn't take too long to implement, so we can talk about that after I get all the basic functionality up tomorrow night."[10] The next day, on December 1, 2003, Zuckerberg sent another email to the HarvardConnection team. "I put together one of the two registration pages so I have everything working on my system now. I'll keep you posted as I patch stuff up and it starts to become completely functional." On December 4, 2003, Zuckerberg writes: "Sorry I was unreachable tonight. I just got about three of your missed calls. I was working on a problem set."

On December 10, 2003: "The week has been pretty busy thus far, so I haven't gotten a chance to do much work on the site or even think about it really, so I think it's probably best to postpone meeting until we have more to discuss. I'm also really busy tomorrow so I don't think I'd be able to meet then anyway." A week later: "Sorry I have not been reachable for the past few days. I've basically been in the lab the whole time working on a cs problem set which I'm still not finished with."[6] On December 17, 2003,[11] Zuckerberg met with the Winklevosses and Narendra in his dorm room, allegedly confirming his interest and assuring them that the site was almost complete. On the whiteboard in his room, Zuckerberg allegedly had scrawled multiple lines of code under the heading "Harvard Connection," and this would be the only time they saw any of his work.[8]

On January 8, 2004, Zuckerberg emailed to say he was "completely swamped with work [that] week" but had "made some of the changes ... and they seem[ed] to be working great" on his computer. He said he could discuss the site starting the following Tuesday, on January 13, 2004.[10][14] On January 11, 2004, Zuckerberg registered the domain name thefacebook.com. On January 12, 2004, Zuckerberg e-mailed Eduardo Saverin, saying that the site thefacebook.com was almost complete and that they should discuss marketing strategies.[8] Two days later, on January 14, 2004,[11] Zuckerberg met again with the HarvardConnection team; he never mentioned registering the domain name thefacebook.com nor a competing social networking website, rather he reported progress on HarvardConnection, told them he would continue to work on it, and would email the group later in the week.[10] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched thefacebook.com, a social network for Harvard students, designed to expand to other schools around the country.[1]

On February 6, 2004, the Winklevosses and Narendra first learned of thefacebook.com while reading a press release in the Harvard student newspaper The Harvard Crimson.[8] According to Gao, who looked at the HarvardConnection code afterward, Zuckerberg had left the HarvardConnection code incomplete and non-functional, with a registration that did not connect with the back-end connections.[4] On February 10, 2004, the Winklevosses and Narendra sent Zuckerberg a cease and desist letter.[15] They also asked the Harvard administration to act on what they viewed as a violation of the university's honor code and student handbook.[16] They lodged a complaint with the Harvard Administrative Board and university president Larry Summers, but both viewed the matter to be outside of the university's jurisdiction.[17] President Summers advised the HarvardConnection team to take their matter to the courts.[14]

The About section of the ConnectU website included this sentence, which was live on December 4, 2004: "We've cycled through several programmers, even one who stole our ideas to create a competing site, without informing us of his intentions."[18]

Leaked instant messages

[edit]

Between November 29, 2003, and February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg exchanged a total of 52 emails with the HarvardConnection team and engaged in several in-person meetings.[14] In this period, Zuckerberg engaged in multiple electronic instant message communications with people outside of the HarvardConnection team. On March 5, 2010, certain electronic instant messages from Mark Zuckerberg's hard drive were leaked.[6] On September 20, 2010, Facebook confirmed the authenticity of these leaked instant messages in a New Yorker article.[19]

The Winklevoss Chang Group

[edit]
See also: The Winklevoss Chang Group
Screenshot of Connecthi.com (aka theyearbook.org) in February 2005

A partnership allegedly formed between i2hub, a popular peer-to-peer service at the time, and ConnectU (HarvardConnection). The partnership, called The Winklevoss Chang Group, jointly advertised their properties through bus advertisements as well as public press releases. i2hub integrated its popular software with ConnectU's website, as part of the partnership. The team also jointly launched several projects and initiatives, including:[20][21]

  • Jungalu.com, an internet-based book exchange
  • StallScribbles.com, an online "anonymous confessions" board
  • Digital Flyers, a portal for purchasing advertisements to be placed on the various WCG sites and on i2hub
  • ConnectHi (also known as ConnectHigh and theyearbook.org), an effort to penetrate the high school social network "scene"
  • ConnectGroups, an initiative to provide clubs and organizations with a means for their members to communicate online with each other about their organizations
  • The Winklevoss Chang Representative Program, a sales representative program which WCG used to establish a presence on college campuses and to promote ConnectU and the other WCG properties
  • The Rep Center, an internet-based portal, accessible through ConnectU.com, providing a centralized location for the representatives of The Winklevoss Chang Representative Program to communicate and earn points (redeemable for prizes) by recruiting and signing up new users for all of WCG's properties
  • Social Butterfly, a feature added to ConnectU to allow users to consolidate their accounts at various social networking sites, such as Facebook, and make that information accessible through ConnectU
  • US Patent Application 20060212395, related to a method of purchasing of copyrighted computer files through affinity programs, such as using points from a credit card to purchase copyrighted movies.

Lawsuits

[edit]

Facebook lawsuits

[edit]
See also: Lawsuits involving Facebook § ConnectU.com lawsuit
Recording of oral arguments in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals

In 2004, ConnectU filed a lawsuit against Facebook alleging that creator Mark Zuckerberg had breached an oral contract to develop ConnectU and used their source code and idea to create TheFacebook.com.[22] The suit alleged that Zuckerberg had copied their idea[23][24] and illegally used source code intended for the website he was hired to create.[25][26][27][28] Facebook countersued in regard to Social Butterfly, a project put out by The Winklevoss Chang Group. It named among the defendants ConnectU, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, Divya Narendra, and Wayne Chang, founder of i2hub.[29] A settlement agreement for both cases was reached in February 2008, reportedly valued at $65 million. This included buying the domain name ConnectU.com and shutting it down.[30] In May 2010, it was reported that ConnectU was accusing Facebook of securities fraud on the value of the stock that was part of the settlement and wanted to get the settlement undone. According to ConnectU's allegations, the stock was worth $11 million instead of $45 million that Facebook presented at the time of settlement. This meant the settlement value, at the time, was $31 million, instead of the $65 million.[31][32] On August 26, 2010, The New York Times reported that Facebook shares were trading at $76 per share in the secondary market, putting the total settlement value at close to $120 million.[33][34] If the lawsuit adjusted the settlement to match the difference, the value would quadruple to over $466 million.[35]

In May 2011, after the Court of Appeals found against the Winklevosses, the twins announced that they would petition the Supreme Court of the United States to hear the case. In June 2011 the Winklevosses, in a filing with the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, said that "after careful consideration," they would not file their petition with the U.S. Supreme Court.[36] In a new filing, the Winklevoss brothers and their business partner Divya Narendra asked the judge to investigate whether Facebook "intentionally or inadvertently suppressed evidence."[37]

Quinn Emanuel lawsuits

[edit]

One of ConnectU's law firms, Quinn Emanuel, disclosed the confidential settlement amount in marketing material by printing "WON $65 million settlement against Facebook".[38] Quinn Emanuel sought $13 million of the settlement as part of a contingency agreement. ConnectU fired Quinn Emanuel and sued the law firm for malpractice.[39] On August 25, 2010, an arbitration panel ruled that Quinn Emanuel "earned its full contingency fee". It also found that Quinn Emanuel committed no malpractice.[40]

The Winklevoss Chang Group lawsuit

[edit]

On December 21, 2009, i2hub founder Wayne Chang and The i2hub Organization launched a lawsuit against ConnectU and its founders, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, seeking 50% of the settlement. The complaint says "The Winklevosses and Howard Winklevoss filed [a] patent application, U.S. Patent Application No 20060212395, on or around March 15, 2005, but did not list Chang as a co-inventor."[41] It also states "Through this litigation, Chang asserts his ownership interest in The Winklevoss Chang Group and ConnectU, including the settlement proceeds."[21] Lee Gesmer (of law firm Gesmer Updegrove, LLP) posted the 33-page complaint online.[20][42]

On May 13, 2011, it was reported that Judge Peter Lauriat had made a ruling against the Winklevosses. Chang's case against them could proceed. The Winklevosses argued that the court lacked jurisdiction because the settlement with Facebook had not been distributed and therefore Chang had not suffered any injury. Judge Lauriat wrote, "The flaw in this argument is that defendants appear to conflate loss of the settlement proceed with a loss of rights. Chang alleges that he has received nothing in return for the substantial benefits he provided to ConnectU, including the value of his work, as well as i2hub's users and goodwill." Lauriat also wrote that, although Chang's claims to the settlement are "too speculative to confer standing, his claims with respect to ownership in ConnectU are not. They constitute an injury separate and distinct from his possible share of the settlement proceeds. The court concludes that Chang has pled sufficient facts to confer standing with respect to his claims against the Winklevoss defendants."[43][44][45][46][47][48]

On December 24, 2014, summary judgment in favor of the Winklevosses was granted. Chang's suit sought a portion of the settlement via two independent arguments. The first, that he formed a partnership with the Winklevosses, was dismissed based on a May 25, 2005 chat, where the partnership was dissolved. The second, a memorandum of understanding granting him the option to acquire a fifteen percent stake in ConnectU, was ruled a contract claim against ConnectU, the corporation, not the Winklevosses, former shareholders.[49]

[edit]

The story of the relationship between ConnectU and Facebook is depicted in The Social Network, a film directed by David Fincher and written by Aaron Sorkin, based on the book The Accidental Billionaires by Ben Mezrich.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Bombardieri, Marcella (2004-09-17). "Online Adversaries: Rivalry between college-networking websites spawns lawsuit". The Boston Globe.
  2. ^ a b Pontin, Jason (2007-08-12). "Who owns the concept if no one signs the papers?". The New York Times.[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ Cassidy, John (2006-05-15). "Me Media: How hanging out on the Internet became big business". The New Yorker.[permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ a b c d McGinn, Timothy (2004-05-28). "Online facebooks duel over tangled web of authorship". The Harvard Crimson.
  5. ^ Bourne, Claire (2004-11-23). "Web sites click on campus". USA Today.
  6. ^ a b c d Carlson, Nicholas (2010-03-05). "At Last--The full story of how Facebook was founded". The Business Insider.
  7. ^ a b c ConnectU, Inc. v. Facebook, Inc. et al, Declaration of Victor Gao (Massachusetts Federal Court 2007-09-21), Text.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g O'Brien, Luke (2007-12-03). "Poking Facebook". 02138 Magazine.
  9. ^ Richtel, Matt (2009-04-11). "Tech recruiting clashes with immigration rules". The New York Times.
  10. ^ a b c d "Facebook accused of stealing idea". The Daily Free Press, Boston University. 2004-09-09. Archived from the original on 2010-10-04.
  11. ^ a b c ConnectU, Inc. v. Facebook, Inc. et al, Complaint against all defendants, filed by Connectu, Inc. (Massachusetts Federal Court 2007-03-28), Text.
  12. ^ Macatee, Rebecca (2010-10-01). "The real Cameron Winklevoss says 'The Social Network' is 'nonfiction'". PopEater.
  13. ^ Milcetich, Jess (2005-03-16). "Thefacebook.com faces lawsuit from rival site". The Diamondback, University of Maryland. Archived from the original on 2012-03-12.
  14. ^ a b c Maugeri, Alexander (2004-09-20). "TheFacebook.com faces lawsuit". The Daily Princetonian. Archived from the original on 2009-02-16.
  15. ^ Glenn, Malcolm (2007-07-27). "For now, Facebook foes continue fight against site". The Harvard Crimson.
  16. ^ Hale, David (2004-10-06). "Facebook faces litigation over design concept". The Daily Orange. Archived from the original on 2010-11-20.
  17. ^ Sharif, Shirin (2004-08-05). "Harvard grads face off against thefacebook.com". The Stanford Daily. Archived from the original on 2010-06-18.
  18. ^ ConnectU, ConnectU (2004-12-04). "About ConnectU - Short History". ConnectU. Archived from the original on December 4, 2004.
  19. ^ Vargas, Jose (2010-09-20). "The face of facebook". The New Yorker.
  20. ^ a b Lee Gesmer (2010-01-18). "Chang v. Winklevoss Complaint". Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
  21. ^ a b Caroline McCarthy (2010-01-04). "Fresh legal woes for ConnectU founders". CNET News.
  22. ^ DisputeSoft. "DisputeSoft – IT Litigation Consulting Experts -  ConnectU v. Mark Zuckerberg & The Facebook". Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  23. ^ Michael Levenson (2008-06-27). "Facebook, ConnectU settle dispute:Case an intellectual property kerfuffle". The Boston Globe.
  24. ^ Malcom A. Glenn, "For Now, Facebook Foes Continue Fight Against Site", The Harvard Crimson, July 27, 2007
  25. ^ O'Brien, Luke (November–December 2007). "Poking Facebook". 02138. p. 66. Archived from the original on 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
  26. ^ McGinn, Timothy J. (2004-09-13). "Lawsuit Threatens To Close Facebook". Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on 2007-08-15. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  27. ^ Maugeri, Alexander (2004-09-20). "TheFacebook.com faces lawsuit". The Daily Princetonian. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  28. ^ Tryhorn, Chris (2007-07-25). "Facebook in court over ownership". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  29. ^ California Northern District Court (2007-03-09). "The Facebook, Inc. v. Connectu, LLC et al". Justia.
  30. ^ Brad Stone (2008-06-28). "Judge Ends Facebook's Feud With ConnectU". The New York Times.
  31. ^ Owen Thomas (2010-05-19). "Facebook CEO's latest woe: accusations of securities fraud". VentureBeat.
  32. ^ Nick Farrell (2010-05-21). "Facebook's Zuckerberg faces security fraud allegation". TechEye. Archived from the original on 2010-07-24. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
  33. ^ "Investors Value Facebook at Up to $33.7 Billion". The New York Times. August 26, 2010.
  34. ^ Eric Eldon (February 12, 2009). "Financial wrinkle lost ConnectU some Facebook settlement dollars". VentureBeat.
  35. ^ Owen Thomas (May 19, 2010). "venturebeat2". VentureBeat.
  36. ^ Emil Protalinski (June 22, 2011). "Winklevoss twins finally give up fighting Facebook". ZDNet. Archived from the original on June 24, 2011.
  37. ^ Emil Protalinski (June 24, 2011). "False alarm: Winklevoss twins to continue fighting Facebook". ZDNet. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011.
  38. ^ Dan Slater (2009-02-10). "Quinn Emanuel Inadvertently Discloses Value of Facebook Settlement". The Wall Street Journal.
  39. ^ Zusha Elinson (2010-02-10). "Quinn Emanuel Brochure Spills Value of Confidential Facebook Settlement". The Recorder.
  40. ^ Nate Raymond (2010-09-15). "Arbitrators Confirm Quinn Emanuel's Fee in Facebook Settlement". The National Law Journal.
  41. ^ "Chang v. Winklevoss Complaint | PDF | Facebook | Business".
  42. ^ Lee Gesmer (2010-01-18). "The Road Goes on Forever, But the Lawsuits Never End: ConnectU, Facebook, Their Entourages". Mass Law Blog.
  43. ^ Bianca Bosker (2011-05-13). "Wayne Chang's Suit Against Winklevoss Twins Can Proceed, Judge Rules". Huffington Post.
  44. ^ Sheri Qualters (2011-05-13). "Winklevoss Twins Loses Again in Court". The National Law Journal.
  45. ^ "Winklevoss Twins Sued For Part of Their Facebook Fortunes". Fox News. 2011-05-13. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011.
  46. ^ Nick O'Neill (2011-05-13). "Developer Sues Winklevoss Twins, Everybody Cheers". AllFacebook. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08.
  47. ^ Chloe Albanesius (2011-05-13). "Winklevoss Twins Face Lawsuit Over Facebook Funds". PC Magazine.
  48. ^ Sophia Pearson (2011-05-13). "Winklevoss Twins Face Suit Over Failed Alliance, Judge Says". Bloomberg News.
  49. ^ Gee, Brandon (January 13, 2015). "Winklevoss twins prevail on summary judgment in a Facebook suit". Massachusetts Lawyers Weekly. Boston, MA: Bridgetower Media. Archived from the original on 2018-08-13.
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