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The quinton is a bowed musical instrument, cordophone, in use mostly in France in XVIIIth century (between 1730 and 1789). It takes its name from the fact that, in ensembles, it played the quinta vox or quintus. Another derivation of the name may be from the number of strings and for consonance with violon^[1]. By the same name it is sometimes denoted the pardessus de viole, an originally six-stringed instrument of the family of the viols, since the pardessus lost one string and adopted the same tuning of the quinton. However, while the pardessus is viol-shaped, the quinton is violin-shaped^[1].

Characteristics

The quinton was an hybrid between the violin (structure of the body, f-shaped holes), and the viol (sloped shoulders, wider fingerboard with seven adjustable frets). The tuning of the five strings was intermediate between violin and viol: G, D', A', D", G". The pegbox ended either in a scroll, like violins, or in a carved head, like viols. It was played on the lap, with underhand bow grip, as the pardessus.

History

The quinton was invented around 1730, as reaction of French luthiers to the increasing popularity of the Italian violin. Like the violino piccolo, it was intended to play higher voices, with a better sound in the upper register while full-bodied in the lower one. It became fashionable in France, particularly among women, and regularly present in concerts. Its highest popularity was around 1750. Many celebrated French luthiers, among them Jacques Boquay, Claude Boivin, Augustin Chappuy, Jean Colin, François Gaviniès, Paul-François Grosset, Louis Guersan, François Le Jeune, Jean-Baptiste Salomon, built quintons. The prominent head-carver La Fille dedicated himself to quintons. In such a way, the quintons gained high market quotations. Since 1760, as viols in general, the quinton lost importance and became more and more similar to the violin (losing the top string, adopting violin's tuning and bow grip), until, at the time of the French revolution, it disapperead. Modern copies are built for specialists of baroque music and historically informed performance.

Sonatas for quinton have been written by Jacques Aubert and published in his opus 4. In general, all music written for the five-stringed pardessus can be played on the quinton.

Notes

^ ^a ^b Myrna Herzog, Is the quinton a viol? A puzzle unravelled Early Music 28.1 (2000): 9-31. JSTOR reference

References

Dizionario Enciclopedico Universale della Musica e dei Musicisti: Quinton. Vol. Il Lessico, vol. 4. UTET. 1984. p. 51. ISBN 88-02-03820-1.
Myrna Herzog, Robert A. Green. Grove Music Online: Quinton. Oxford Music Online. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

External links

Quintons at Musée de la musique de Paris.

Category:18th-century introductions Category:Violins Category:Necked box lutes Category:Western Classical music instruments Category:French inventions Category:Bowed strings Category:Baroque instruments

[MH-1] Myrna Herzog, Is the quinton a viol? A puzzle unravelled Early Music 28.1 (2000): 9-31. JSTOR reference

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-The '''quinton''' is a bowed musical instrument, [[cordophone]], played mostly in [[France]] in XVIII th century (between [[1730]] and [[1789]]). It takes its name from the fact that, in ensembles, it played the  ''quinta vox'' or [[quintus (vocal music)|quintus]]. Another derivation of the name may be from the number of strings and for assonance with ''violon''<ref name="MH"> Myrna Herzog, [https://www.academia.edu/29636272/Is_the_Quinton_a_Viol_A_Puzzle_Unraveled Is the quinton a viol? A puzzle unravelled] ''Early Music'' 28.1 (2000): 9-31. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518969 JSTOR reference]</ref>. By the same name it is sometimes denoted the [[pardessus de viole]], since the pardessus lost one string and adopted the same tuning of the quinton. However, while the [[pardessus]] is viol-shaped, the quinton is violin-shaped<ref name="MH"/>.
+The '''quinton''' is a bowed musical instrument, [[cordophone]], in use mostly in [[France]] in XVIIIth century (between [[1730]] and [[1789]]). It takes its name from the fact that, in ensembles, it played the  ''quinta vox'' or [[quintus (vocal music)|quintus]]. Another derivation of the name may be from the number of strings and for consonance with ''violon''<ref name="MH"> Myrna Herzog, [https://www.academia.edu/29636272/Is_the_Quinton_a_Viol_A_Puzzle_Unraveled Is the quinton a viol? A puzzle unravelled] ''Early Music'' 28.1 (2000): 9-31. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518969 JSTOR reference]</ref>. By the same name it is sometimes denoted the [[pardessus de viole]], an originally six-stringed instrument of the family of the viols, since the pardessus lost one string and adopted the same tuning of the quinton. However, while the pardessus is viol-shaped, the quinton is violin-shaped<ref name="MH"/>.
-== Caracteristics ==
+== Characteristics ==
-The  quinton was an hybrid between the [[violin]] (structure of the body, ''f''-shaped holes), and the [[viol]] (sloped shoulders, wider fingerboard with seven adjustable frets). The tuning of five strings was intermediate between violin and viol: G, D', A', D", G". The pegbox ended either in a scroll, like violins,  or in a carved head, like  viols. It was played on the lap, with
+The  quinton was an hybrid between the [[violin]] (structure of the body, ''f''-shaped holes), and the [[viol]] (sloped shoulders, wider fingerboard with seven adjustable [[frets]]). The [[tuning]] of the five strings was intermediate between violin and viol: G, D', A', D", G". The [[pegbox]] ended either in a [[scroll (music)|scroll]], like violins,  or in a carved head, like  viols. It was played on the lap, with
 underhand bow grip, as the  pardessus.
-== Storia ==
+== History ==
-Lo strumento compare intorno al [[1730]], come risposta dei costruttori francesi al crescente prestigio degli strumenti ad arco italiani dell'epoca<ref name="grove" />. Analogamente al [[violino piccolo]], nasce per eseguire agevolmente passi di tessitura alta, ma rispetto a quest'ultimo aveva una maggiore sonorità nel registro acuto, mantenendo però un suono corposo nel registro grave. È diventato uno strumento alla moda in Francia, prediletto dalle donne e suonato regolarmente nei concerti<ref name="grove" />;  l'apice di popolarità del quinton è a metà del secolo, all'inizio degli anni cinquanta. Molti prestigiosi liutai francesi<ref>Tra cui [[Jacques Boquay]], [[Claude Boivin]], [[Augustin Chappuy]], [[Jean Colin]], [[François Gaviniès]], [[Paul-François Grosset]], [[Louis Guersan]], [[François Le Jeune]], [[Jean-Baptiste Salomon]]. Incisioni di ricci sono state fatte anche dal grande La Fille. Cfr. {{cita|Herzog, Geen||grove}}</ref> costruirono quinton di ottima fattura, conferendo a tale strumento un alto valore di mercato. Dagli anni sessanta ha perso importanza (analogamente ad altre viole da gamba) e ha assunto caratteristiche più prossime al violino (accordatura ed impugnatura dell'arco), venendo praticamente abbandonato nel periodo della [[Rivoluzione francese]].
+The quinton was invented around [[1730]], as reaction of French luthiers to the increasing popularity of the Italian [[violin]]. Like the [[violino piccolo]], it was intended to play higher voices, with a better sound in the upper register while full-bodied in the lower one. It became fashionable in France, particularly among women, and regularly present in concerts.  Its highest popularity was  around 1750. Many celebrated  French luthiers, among them Jacques Boquay, Claude Boivin, Augustin Chappuy, Jean Colin, François Gaviniès, Paul-François Grosset, Louis Guersan, François Le Jeune, Jean-Baptiste Salomon, built quintons. The prominent head-carver La Fille dedicated himself to quintons.  In such a way, the quintons gained high market quotations. Since [[1760]], as viols in general, the quinton lost importance and  became more and more similar to the violin (losing  the top string, adopting violin's tuning and bow grip), until,  at the time of the [[French revolution]], it disapperead. Modern copies are built for specialists of [[baroque music]] and [[historically informed performance]].
-== Repertorio ==
-Alcune sonate scritte appositamente per questo strumento sono state composte da [[Jacques Aubert]]<ref>Jacques Aubert (1689-1753), compositore e violinista francese.</ref> e pubblicate nella sua [[opus (musica)|op.]] 4.
+[[Sonatas]] for quinton have been written by [[Jacques Aubert]] and published in his opus 4. In general, all music written for the five-stringed pardessus can be played on the quinton.
-== Note ==
+== Notes ==
 <references />
-== Bibliografia ==
+== References ==
 *{{cite book|title=Dizionario Enciclopedico Universale della Musica e dei Musicisti:  ''Quinton''|publisher=UTET|volume=Il Lessico, vol. 4|year=1984|id=ISBN 88-02-03820-1|page=51}}
 *{{cite book|title=Grove Music Online: ''Quinton''|author=Myrna Herzog, Robert A. Green|publisher=Oxford Music Online||url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000022730}}
+== External links ==
+* [https://collectionsdumusee.philharmoniedeparis.fr/search.aspx?SC=MUSEE&QUERY=quinton#/ Quintons] at [[Musée de la Musique (Paris)|Musée de la musique de Paris]].
+{{Viol family}}
+{{Violin family}}
+{{Authority control}}
+[[:Category:18th-century introductions]]
-{{portale|musica classica}}
+[[:Category:Violins]]
+[[:Category:Necked box lutes]]
+[[:Category:Western Classical music instruments]]
+[[:Category:French inventions]]
+[[:Category:Bowed strings]]
+[[:Category:Baroque instruments]]

v t e Viol family
Instruments	Viol Baryton Division viol Lyra viol Pardessus de viole Viola d'amore Viola da gamba Violone
Other	Chest of viols Baryton trios (Haydn) Viola bastarda
Category