Patrol: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Type of personnel group}}{{Redirect|Patroller|3=Patrol (disambiguation)}}{{refimprove|date=January 2013}} |
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{{Other uses}} |
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[[File:Security police of the 1701st Security Police Squadron patrol an area in an M1038 High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) during Operation Desert Storm. - DPLA - 846171d1cac39fd03f151a9edefe909c.jpg|thumb|[[United States Air Force]] [[United States Air Force Security Forces|Security Forces]] personnel patrolling during the [[Gulf War]]]] |
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{{refimprove|date=January 2013}} |
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{{Chain of Command}} |
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{{Military units}} |
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{{Army units}} |
{{Army units}} |
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| ⚫ | A '''patrol''' is commonly a group of personnel, such as [[Law enforcement officer|law enforcement officers]], [[military personnel]], or [[Security guard|security personnel]], that are assigned to monitor or secure a specific geographic area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-15 |title=Definition of PATROL |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/patrol |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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This is also often referred to as a [[beat (police)|beat]]. |
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== Military == |
== Military == |
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[[File:UN Soldiers in Eritrea.jpeg|thumb |
[[File:UN Soldiers in Eritrea.jpeg|thumb|[[UN Peacekeepers]] in [[Eritrea]] patrolling the [[Eritrea–Ethiopia border]]|left]] |
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{{Main|Patrolling}} |
{{Main|Patrolling}} |
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In [[military tactics]], a |
In [[military tactics]], a ''patrol'' is a [[sub-subunit]] or small tactical formation, sent out from a [[military]] organization by land, sea or air for the purpose of combat, [[reconnaissance]], or a combination of both. The basic task of a patrol is to follow a known route with the purpose of investigating some feature of interest or, in the assignment of a ''fighting patrol'' (U.S. ''combat patrol''), to find and engage the enemy. A patrol can also mean a small [[cavalry]] or [[armoured warfare|armoured]] [[Military organization|unit]], subordinate to a [[troop]] or [[platoon]], usually comprising a [[Section (military unit)|section]] or [[squad]] of mounted troops, or two [[Armoured fighting vehicle|armoured fighting vehicles]] (often [[tank]]s). |
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== Law enforcement == |
== Law enforcement == |
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[[File:Police on patrol (6214028019).jpg|thumb|[[West Midlands Police]] officers on foot patrol in [[West Bromwich]], [[England]]|left]] |
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In non-military [[law enforcement]], ''patrol officers'' are [[Police officer|police officers]] (or, for private entities, [[Security guard|security guards]]) assigned to monitor specified geographic areas. In this instance, ''patrol'' refers to the action of ''patrolling''—that is, to move through their assigned areas at regular intervals to detect or prevent violations of the law or problems of any kind. |
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Patrol officers are the most recognizable members of the [[police]], and are the government officials encountered most frequently by the public. Their duties include responding to [[Call for service|calls for service]], making [[Arrest|arrests]], resolving disputes, issuing [[Traffic ticket|tickets]], taking [[Complaint|crime reports]], conducting [[Traffic police|traffic enforcement]], investigating [[Crime|crimes]], and conducting [[crime prevention]] measures. A patrol officer is often the [[first responder]] on the scene of any incident, and their actions can greatly affect the outcome of the investigation, as well as the lives and safety of themselves and others. Patrols are often done with the intent of [[community policing]], to improve relations between police and the public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basic Police Patrol Duties |url=https://work.chron.com/basic-police-patrol-duties-11633.html |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Work - Chron.com |date=22 October 2012 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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[[File:Border Patrol in Montana.jpg|thumb|[[U.S. Border Patrol]] agent monitoring the U.S.-Canada border in [[Montana]]. Many more agents are stationed at the US Mexico border to combat illegal immigration]] |
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Patrol officers may conduct patrols [[Beat (police)|on foot]], while [[Mounted police|mounted]], riding a [[police motorcycle]] or [[Police bicycle|bicycle]], driving a [[police car]], crewing a [[police watercraft]], or piloting a [[Police aviation|police aircraft]], depending on the unit they are assigned to or their [[Law enforcement agency|agency]]'s capabilities. They may or may not be armed or uniformed. A study conducted by [[Temple University]] and the [[Philadelphia Police Department]] in the mid-2000s has shown that foot patrols reduce crime more than other methods.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-18 |title=The Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment {{!}} Public Health Law Research |url=http://publichealthlawresearch.org/keywords/foot-patrol/news/philadelphia-foot-patrol-experiment |access-date=2022-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618144337/http://publichealthlawresearch.org/keywords/foot-patrol/news/philadelphia-foot-patrol-experiment |archive-date=2011-06-18 }}</ref> |
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In non-military [[law enforcement agency|law enforcement]], '''patrol officers''' are law enforcement officers assigned to monitor specified geographic areas—that is, to move through their areas at regular intervals looking out for any signs of problems of any kind. They are the officers most commonly encountered by the public, as their duties include responding to calls for service, making arrests, resolving disputes, taking crime reports, and conducting traffic enforcement, and other crime prevention measures. A patrol officer is often the [[first responder|first to arrive]] on the scene of any incident; what such an officer does or fails to do at the scene can greatly influence the outcome of any subsequent investigation. The patrol officer, as the person who is in the field daily, is often closest to potential crime and may have developed contacts who can provide information. |
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The [[Philadelphia]] Foot Patrol Experiment, a randomized control trial conducted by [[Temple University]], has shown that foot patrols reduce crime.<ref>[http://publichealthlawresearch.org/keywords/foot-patrol/news/philadelphia-foot-patrol-experiment Public Health Law Research] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618144337/http://publichealthlawresearch.org/keywords/foot-patrol/news/philadelphia-foot-patrol-experiment |date=2011-06-18 }}</ref> With the resources to patrol 60 locations, researchers identified the highest violent crime corners in the city, using data from 2006 to 2008. Police commanders designed 120 foot patrol areas around these corners, and stratified randomization was used to assign pairs of foot patrols with similar crime rates as either a comparison or a target area. Officers generally patrolled in pairs with two pairs assigned to each foot patrol. After three months, relative to the comparison areas, violent crime decreased 23%. |
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Official records of police activities during the intervention period reveal the following in the target areas: |
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* Drug‐related incident detections increased 15% |
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* Pedestrian stops increased 64% |
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* Vehicle stops increased 7% |
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* Arrests increased 13% |
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An emerging trend within patrol is the supplement{{Clarify|date=November 2009}} of basic police patrol with that of private security agencies. The privatization of police is explored in [[James F. Pastor|James Pastor's]] book ''The Privatization of Police in America: An Analysis and Case Study''.<ref>Pastor, James. ''The Privatization of Police in America: An Analysis and Case Study''. McFarland & Company, 2003.</ref> |
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[[Law enforcement in the United States|Law enforcement]] patrols don’t always just enforce the laws during the patrols. They also try and have community relations, will investigate traffic accidents and transport criminals. They will go to schools to talk about their jobs or about drugs and safe driving. In some large cities, the police chief will go around to meet and talk with business owners, residents or anyone in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://work.chron.com/basic-police-patrol-duties-11633.html|title=Basic Police Patrol Duties|access-date=2018-04-01|language=en}}</ref> |
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== Non-law enforcement patrols == |
== Non-law enforcement patrols == |
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=== Schools === |
=== Schools === |
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Some [[ |
Some [[Primary school|elementary schools]] utilize the term ''patrol'' to refer to students who are selected to monitor safety in the [[classroom]] or to those students who assist [[crossing guard]]s with safety of children crossing busy nearby [[street]]s. Another common term for this use of patrol is ''[[hall monitor]]''. |
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=== Scouting === |
=== Scouting === |
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{{main| Scout patrol}} |
{{main| Scout patrol}} |
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In [[Scouting]], a |
In [[Scouting]], a ''patrol'' is six to eight [[Scout (Scouting)|Scout]]s (youth members) under the leadership of one of their number who is appointed Patrol Leader and supported by a Second or Assistant Patrol Leader. This is the basic unit of a [[Scout troop]]. The ''[[Scout method#Patrol system|patrol method]]'' is an essential characteristic of Scouting by which it differs from all other organizations, using the natural dynamics of the ''gang'' for an educational purpose.<ref>Thurman, John (1950) [http://www.thedump.scoutscan.com/patrolleader.pdf ''The Patrol Leader's Handbook''], The Boy Scouts Association, London (pp. 4-10)</ref> |
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== See also == |
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*[[Maritime patrol]] |
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*[[Combat air patrol]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Wiktionary}} |
{{Wiktionary}} |
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{{Commons category|Patrolling}} |
{{Commons category|Patrolling}} |
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[[Category:Reconnaissance]] |
[[Category:Reconnaissance]] |
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[[Category:Military units and formations by size]] |
[[Category:Military units and formations by size]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:03, 12 September 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013) |
_during_Operation_Desert_Storm._-_DPLA_-_846171d1cac39fd03f151a9edefe909c.jpg)
A patrol is commonly a group of personnel, such as law enforcement officers, military personnel, or security personnel, that are assigned to monitor or secure a specific geographic area.[1]
Etymology
[edit]
The word "patrol" is derived from the French word patrouiller, itself derived from the Old French word patouiller meaning "to paddle, paw about, patrol", which is in turn from patte, "a paw".
Military
[edit]
In military tactics, a patrol is a sub-subunit or small tactical formation, sent out from a military organization by land, sea or air for the purpose of combat, reconnaissance, or a combination of both. The basic task of a patrol is to follow a known route with the purpose of investigating some feature of interest or, in the assignment of a fighting patrol (U.S. combat patrol), to find and engage the enemy. A patrol can also mean a small cavalry or armoured unit, subordinate to a troop or platoon, usually comprising a section or squad of mounted troops, or two armoured fighting vehicles (often tanks).
Law enforcement
[edit].jpg)
In non-military law enforcement, patrol officers are police officers (or, for private entities, security guards) assigned to monitor specified geographic areas. In this instance, patrol refers to the action of patrolling—that is, to move through their assigned areas at regular intervals to detect or prevent violations of the law or problems of any kind.
Patrol officers are the most recognizable members of the police, and are the government officials encountered most frequently by the public. Their duties include responding to calls for service, making arrests, resolving disputes, issuing tickets, taking crime reports, conducting traffic enforcement, investigating crimes, and conducting crime prevention measures. A patrol officer is often the first responder on the scene of any incident, and their actions can greatly affect the outcome of the investigation, as well as the lives and safety of themselves and others. Patrols are often done with the intent of community policing, to improve relations between police and the public.[2]
Patrol officers may conduct patrols on foot, while mounted, riding a police motorcycle or bicycle, driving a police car, crewing a police watercraft, or piloting a police aircraft, depending on the unit they are assigned to or their agency's capabilities. They may or may not be armed or uniformed. A study conducted by Temple University and the Philadelphia Police Department in the mid-2000s has shown that foot patrols reduce crime more than other methods.[3]
Non-law enforcement patrols
[edit]Schools
[edit]Some elementary schools utilize the term patrol to refer to students who are selected to monitor safety in the classroom or to those students who assist crossing guards with safety of children crossing busy nearby streets. Another common term for this use of patrol is hall monitor.
Scouting
[edit]In Scouting, a patrol is six to eight Scouts (youth members) under the leadership of one of their number who is appointed Patrol Leader and supported by a Second or Assistant Patrol Leader. This is the basic unit of a Scout troop. The patrol method is an essential characteristic of Scouting by which it differs from all other organizations, using the natural dynamics of the gang for an educational purpose.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Definition of PATROL". www.merriam-webster.com. 2023-10-15. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
- ^ "Basic Police Patrol Duties". Work - Chron.com. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
- ^ "The Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment | Public Health Law Research". 2011-06-18. Archived from the original on 2011-06-18. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
- ^ Thurman, John (1950) The Patrol Leader's Handbook, The Boy Scouts Association, London (pp. 4-10)
External links
[edit]