Thiruvananthapuram International Airport: Difference between revisions

Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
	IATA: TRV; ICAO: VOTV;
Summary
Airport type	Public–private partnership
Owner	Airports Authority of India
Operator	TRV (Kerala) International Airport Limited
Serves	Thiruvananthapuram
Location	Chacka, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Opened	1932; 93 years ago
Operating base for	Air India Express
Elevation AMSL	4 m / 13 ft
Coordinates	8°29′N 76°55′E / 8.48°N 76.92°E
Website	www.adani.com/thiruvananthapuram-airport
Map
	; Location of airport in Kerala
Runways
Statistics (April 2023 - March 2024)
Passengers
Passengers	4,405,318 ( 26.7%)
Aircraft movements	30,141 ( 22.6%)
Cargo tonnage	18,392 ( 10%)
	Source: AAI

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Thiruvananthapuram International Airport (IATA: TRV, ICAO: VOTV), is an international airport that serves Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, India. Established in 1932, it is the first airport in the state of Kerala and the fifth international airport of India, officially declared in 1991.^[5] It is the operating base of Air India and Air India Express. The airport, spread over an area of 800 acres (320 ha), the airport is approximately 3.7 km (2.3 mi) due west from the city centre and the Padmanabhaswamy Temple,^[5] 16 km (9.9 mi) from Kovalam beach, 13 km (8.1 mi) from Technopark and 21 km (13 mi) from the under-construction Vizhinjam International Seaport. It shares a visible proximity to Shankumugham Beach making it the nearest airport to a water body in India as it is, just about 0.6 miles (approx. 1 km) away from the Arabian Sea. It is also the southern most international/domestic airport in the Indian subcontinent.

The airport is the second-busiest airport in the state of Kerala, eighth-busiest airport in India in terms of international traffic^[6] and the 16th overall in India, as of 2024. In the financial year 2023-24, the airport handled over 4.4 million passengers, with a total of over 30,000 aircraft movements.^[2]^[3]

In addition to civil operations, the airport headquarters the Southern Air Command (India) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Coast Guard for their operations. IAF has an exclusive apron to handle all their operations. Thiruvananthapuram Airport also caters to the Rajiv Gandhi Academy for Aviation Technology, which carries out pilot training activities.^[7] The airport hosts Air India's narrow body maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) unit consisting of twin hangars for servicing Boeing 737-type aircraft, servicing mostly Air India Express aircraft.

History

The airport was established in 1932 as part of the Royal Flying Club under the initiative of Lt. Col. Raja Goda Varman, husband of Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, the Rani of Attingal and Travancore Kingdom.^[8] Raja Goda Varman, a trained pilot, felt the need for an airport to accommodate Travancore in the aviation map of India and requested the Travancore Durbar to initiate the process of establishing an aerodrome. A detailed report was made and presented to the King by Consort Prince in this regard. It may be mentioned that the King was the brother of Lt. Col. Raja's wife, and the colonel's children were the heirs to the throne.

In 1935, on the royal patronage of Maharaja Chithira Thirunal, Tata Airlines made its maiden flight to the airport using DH.83 Fox Moth aircraft under command of India's first pilot Nevill Vintcent carrying Jamshed Navoroji, a Tata company official, and Kanchi Dwarakadas, commercial agent of Travancore in Karachi, with a special mail from the Viceroy of British India, Lord Willingdon, wishing birthday greetings to the Maharaja.^[9]

The first flight took off on 1 November 1935, carrying mails of Royal Anchal (Travancore Post) to Bombay. In 1938, the Royal Government of Travancore acquired a Dakota as the Maharaja's private aircraft and placed the first squadron of the Royal Indian Air Force (Travancore) for protection of the state from aerial attacks. After Independence, the airstrip was used for domestic flights with the construction of a new domestic terminal, Terminal 1.

International operations were initiated by Air India to cities in the Arabian Peninsula in the late 1970s using Boeing 707. By the early 80s, the then-Indian Airlines started service to Colombo, followed by service to Male. Later, Gulf Air, Sri Lankan Airlines (then Air Lanka) and Air Maldives (now Maldivian) started operations. These were followed by Indian Airlines, which started a service to Sharjah. On 1 January 1991, TIA was upgraded to an international airport, making it the fifth international airport of India after Delhi, Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.

On 1 March 2011, the first flight operated from the new international terminal, Terminal 2. IX 536 (Air India Express) from Sharjah marked the first arrival. Air India Express operated the first departure to Dubai from this new terminal. IndianOil Skytanking is the company that introduced single-man refuelling in India and started refuelling operations at Trivandrum in March 2016.

This was the main hub for the defunct Kairali Airlines from 9 January 2013 to 2017.

In November 2018, the Central Government cleared a proposal by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) for leasing out six of its airports, including Thiruvananthapuram. The following month, AAI commenced an international competitive bidding process to award Operations, Management and Development (OMD) contracts for the six airports.^[10] The Adani Group, GMR Group and Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC) participated in the bidding process that was won by the Adani Group.^[11]

Since some public interest litigations were filed concerning the bidding process for the airport, the Union Cabinet gave its approval for awarding the airport to Adani subject to the outcome of Writ Petition. Accordingly, AAI signed a letter of agreement with Adani in September 2020.^[12] Adani Thiruvananthapuram International Airport Limited (ATIAL), floated by the Adani Group to run the airport, would operate, manage and develop the airport for fifty years.^[13] As per the agreement, ATIAL would get control of the airport only after a concession agreement was executed and the performance bank guarantee was paid and subject to clearance of legal hurdles.^[14]

Alppasi and Panguni festival processions

For decades, the airport has been traditionally pausing operations and reschedules flights twice a year to enable religious processions to pass through the airfield. The airport issues a NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) twice yearly before the runway is closed for the bi-annual Alppasi festival, which falls in October–November, and for the Panguni festival,^[15] which is held during March–April.^[16] The processions used to pass through the same route even before the airport was established in 1932. The temple issues special passes to participants in the 'aarattu' to pass through the airfield's operational areas. The procession is escorted by priests, members of the erstwhile Travancore Royal family, caparisoned elephants, police band and armed and mounted police personnel besides large number of devotees and is a grand spectacle for onlookers.^[17]

Facilities

Runway

Thiruvananthapuram International Airport has a single 3,373 m (11,066 ft)-long runway,^[18] equipped to operate any type of aircraft. It has a 1,880 m (6,170 ft)-long parallel taxiway.^[19]

Terminal

There are two terminals. Terminal 1 is for domestic flights, and Terminal 2 is for all international flights.

The international terminal ground operations are handled by Air India SATS Airport Services Pvt. Ltd. It is fully air-conditioned with a WiFi facility. The terminal features spacious lounges, natural lighting with extensive use of glass roofing and better conveyance facilities for passengers. It has three baggage carousels and elaborate immigration/customs facilities. Flemingo, India's first privately owned duty-free operator, is managing the duty-free shop at the international terminal.

The domestic terminal has basic amenities including cafés, a beer and wine bar, a book-seller, free local calls, a specialised baby care room and phone-recharging points.^[20] Into Plane Services fuelling operations handled by IndianOil Skytanking.

Terminal 1 (Domestic)

The domestic terminal was the first terminal of the airport inaugurated by Chief minister of Kerala EK Nayanar in 1992. It has an area of 9,200 m² (99,000 sq ft) and can handle 400 passengers at a time.^[21] The terminal has two Aerobridges and two remote gates. All domestic flights are operated from here.

Terminal 2 (International)

The newly built Terminal 2 has three additional jetways and parking bays to accommodate 8 aircraft. The terminal is built opposite to the current terminal across the runway and is closer to the city side. The terminal, constructed by the AAI and designed by the UK firm, Pascall+Watson Architects, is expected to provide impetus to the development of the IT sector and the tourism industry in the southern districts of Kerala.

The international terminal covers an area of 35,000 m² (380,000 sq ft). It can handle the passengers of three Airbus A340s and one Boeing 747 aircraft simultaneously (roughly 1500 passengers).^[22] The annual handling capacity of the terminal will be 1.8 million.

The check-in area has a floor area of 950 m² (10,200 sq ft) and an arrival area of 600 m² (6,500 sq ft). To enable the passengers to check in at any counter, a Common Users Terminal Equipment (CUTE) is installed. X-ray machines are attached to the side of the conveyor belts for faster clearance of baggage.

The entrance to the terminal is from Chacka-Eenchakkal Road. A bridge has been built across the Parvathy Puthanar canal to link the new terminal to the Kazhakuttam-Inchivila NH (National Highway) 47 bypass.^[19] The new terminal has a car park area that can accommodate about 600 cars.

There is a pre-paid taxi service counter and foreign exchange (Thomas Cook India) counter in the arrivals area.^[19]

Thiruvananthapuram Airport was included in the Ministry of civil aviation strategic plan for 2010–2015 to upgrade as a Category-A airport by developing to aerodrome CODE 4E/4F, constructing a parallel runway with taxiways alongside both runways and so forth.

Air traffic control

The air traffic control (ATC) tower is 18 m (59 ft) tall. There are plans^[when?] to build a new 50 m (160 ft) tall ATC tower for Thiruvananthapuram Airport near the new international terminal. The airport has a CAT-1 instrument landing system (ILS), DVOR and distance measuring equipment (DME). The airport is also equipped with a Mono-pulse Secondary Surveillance Radar, Air Route Surveillance Radar and an Airport Surveillance Radar that allows approach and area control of the airspace around the airport and nearby air routes.^[23]^[24]

MRO facility

Thiruvananthapuram International Airport hosts Air India's narrow-body maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) unit consisting of twin hangars for servicing Boeing 737 type aircraft, servicing mostly Air India Express aircraft. The Maintenance Repair Overhaul is set up on 6.07 hectares (15.0 acres) of land at a cost of Rs. 110 crores. It was commissioned on 16 December 2011. The maintenance of two aircraft can be simultaneously done at the two hangars present at the MRO. The facility is state-of-the-art with 5,000 sq ft (460 m²) of workshop, 10,000 sq ft (930 m²) apron, electrically operated and vertically moving hangar door system, warehouse and office space. The Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility of Air India Charters Limited (AICL) at Thiruvananthapuram International Airport was given permission to carry out the crucial ‘C’ checks of their Boeing 737-800 fleet.^[25]^[26]^{[additional citation(s) needed]}

Other operations

In addition to civil operations, Thiruvananthapuram Airport also caters to IAF and Coast Guard for their strategical operations and Airforce NCC Cadets' Trg. IAF have an exclusive apron to handle all their operations. Thiruvananthapuram Airport also caters for Rajiv Gandhi Academy for Aviation Technology. The academy has its own hangar facility at the airport. The hangar facility can accommodate 10 trainer aircraft.^[27]

Expansion

In November 2023, the AAI announced that the new terminal building will be built at an area covering 44,000 sq.m., an increase from the original plan of 2018, and that out of 18 acres, 16 acres will be acquired for extending the runway to accommodate larger aircraft and handle more flights by September 2024.^[28]

The expansion process will also involve the relocation of BrahMos Aerospace Trivandrum Limited (BATL) — a wholly owned subsidiary of BrahMos Aerospace — to a 186 acres (0.75 km²) land in Nettukaltheri, near Neyyar Dam. The facility is currently engaged in producing the BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles for the Indian Armed Forces.^[29]

Airlines and destinations

Airlines	Destinations
Air Arabia	Abu Dhabi,^[30] Sharjah
Air India	Delhi, Mumbai^[31]^[32]
Air India Express	Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Bengaluru,^[33] Chennai, Dammam, Doha, Dubai–International, Hyderabad,^[34] Kochi, Kannur, Muscat, Riyadh,^[35] Sharjah^[31]
AirAsia	Kuala Lumpur–International^[36]
Emirates	Dubai–International^[37]
Etihad Airways	Abu Dhabi^[38]
FitsAir	Colombo–Bandaranaike^[39]
Gulf Air	Bahrain^[40]
IndiGo^[41]	Ahmedabad,^[42] Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mumbai, Pune, Sharjah
Jazeera Airways	Kuwait City^[43]
Kuwait Airways	Kuwait City^[44]
Malaysia Airlines	Kuala Lumpur–International^[45]
Maldivian	Hanimaadhoo, Malé
Oman Air	Muscat^[46]
Qatar Airways	Doha^[47]
Scoot	Singapore^[48]
SriLankan Airlines	Colombo–Bandaranaike^[49]

Statistics

Annual passenger traffic at TRV airport. See Wikidata query.

Security

Thiruvananthapuram International Airport is listed among the major airports of India. Its safety and security are handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force#Airport Security (CISF). In the past, airport security was under the control of airport police (under the state government). However, following the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814 in 1999, airport security was handed over to CISF. Thiruvananthapuram Airport also has advanced security equipment including X-RAY Baggage inspection (X-BIS), Explosive Trace Detection System (ETDS) and provision of an In-Line Baggage Screening system; at the NITB, state-of-the-art Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), Flight Information Display System (fids) and Public Address (PA) systems, as well as an Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) for flight information, are there for passengers' convenience.^[27]

The In-Line Baggage Screening system (ILBS) was installed at Terminal 2 on 21 July 2020.

References

^ "TRV (Kerala) International Airport". cbonds.com. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Annexure III – Passenger Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^ "Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Thiruvananathapuram". Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010.
^ "Cial Retains Spot As Third-busiest Airport". The Times of India. 31 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
^ "Rajiv Gandhi Academy For Aviation Technology - Thiruvananthapuram". Rajiv Gandhi Academy For Aviation Technology. 13 July 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
^ "Trivandrum International Airport". Airport Technology. Verdict Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
^ "Kerala celebrates 75th anniversary of civil aviation". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 29 October 2010. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
^ "AAI seeks bids for six airports, to finalise bidders on February 28". The Economic Times. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
^ "Adani Group bids highest to operate Trivandrum International Airport". The Times of India. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
^ "AAI, Adani Group sign letter of agreement for Thiruvananthapuram, Guwahati, Jaipur airports". CNBC-TV18. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
^ "Hardeep Puri lays down 'facts' after Kerala urges Centre to reconsider Trivandrum airport privatisation". The Times of India. ANI. 20 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
^ "LOA for Thiruvananthapuram airport issued to Adani Group". The Hindu. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
^ "Painkuni festival". Ministry of Tourism. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
^ "Procession through Runway today". The Times of India. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
^ "When an airport shuts runway and halts flights for god". The Times of India. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
^ "About Us | Thiruvananthapuram International Airport". www.adani.com. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Radhakrishnan, S. Anil (12 February 2011). "Terminal may put development on fast track". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011.
^ "Airport Lounge". SilkAir. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
^ "THIRUVANANATHAPURAM". Airports Authority of India. 26 August 2014. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
^ "World class terminal for Thiruvananthapuram International Airport". The Hindu. Thehindu.com. 16 October 2009. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
^ "Trivandrum International Airport" (PDF). Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
^ "New upgraded radar at Thiruvananthapuram airport". The Hindu. 18 September 2013. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
^ "Air India's MRO Facility at Thiruvananthapuram Commissioning Today". Some Updates from Thiruvananthapuram. 16 December 2011. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
^ Radhakrishnan, S. Anil (16 December 2011). "Air India's MRO unit to be opened today". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
^ ^a ^b Mehta, Devinder C. (March 2011). "Trivandrum Airport Gets an Impressive International Terminal" (PDF). Airports International Indian Edition. 3 (5): 8–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2017.
^ K., Krishnachand (29 November 2023). "Runway expansion at Thiruvananthapuram airport: State may take final call by December-end". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
^ K, Krishnachand (29 October 2024). "Land proposed in Nettukaltheri to relocate BrahMos Aerospace". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
^ "Destinations". Air Arabia. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Airlines INTL Schedule". Retrieved 30 March 2022.
^ "Airlines DOM Schedule". Retrieved 30 March 2022.
^ "Air India Express to commence Bangalore-Thiruvananthapuram service in Nov-2023". CAPA. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
^ "Air India Express to launch Hyderabad-Thiruvananthapuram flight from January 22". JetArena. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
^ "Air India Express resumes direct flights from Thiruvananthapuram to Riyadh". onmanorama. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
^ "AirAsia Resumes Thiruvananthapuram Service From Feb 2024". AeroRoutes. 13 December 2023.
^ "Thiruvananthapuram". Emirates. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
^ "Etihad NW23 Network Changes – 09AUG23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
^ "FitsAir Adds Thiruvananthapuram Service From late-Dec 2024". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
^ "Trivandrum". Gulf Air. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
^ "Flights Schedule for Domestic & International Flights – IndiGo". IndiGo. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
^ "IndiGo to commence Ahmedabad-Thiruvananthapuram service in Dec-2024". CAPA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
^ "JAZEERA AIRWAYS RESUMES 2 INDIA ROUTES IN 4Q24". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
^ "Indian Sub-continent Flights". Kuwait Airways. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
^ "MALAYSIA AIRLINES FURTHER EXPANDS INDIA NETWORK IN NW23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
^ Khan, Faiz (4 September 2023). "Oman Air and Salam Air Launches New Flights to Kerala". Aviation A2Z. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
^ "Trivandrum, India". Qatar Airways. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
^ "Destinations Map". Scoot. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
^ "Route Map". SriLankan Airlines. Retrieved 2 February 2022.

External links

Official Website

[1] "TRV (Kerala) International Airport". cbonds.com. Retrieved 7 March 2023.

[AAI3-2] "Annexure III – Passenger Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

[AAI2-3] "Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

[4] "Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

[aai-5] "Thiruvananathapuram". Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010.

[6] "Cial Retains Spot As Third-busiest Airport". The Times of India. 31 January 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

[7] "Rajiv Gandhi Academy For Aviation Technology - Thiruvananthapuram". Rajiv Gandhi Academy For Aviation Technology. 13 July 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2019.

[airport-technology.com-8] "Trivandrum International Airport". Airport Technology. Verdict Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2011.

[9] "Kerala celebrates 75th anniversary of civil aviation". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 29 October 2010. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2011.

[10] "AAI seeks bids for six airports, to finalise bidders on February 28". The Economic Times. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2020.

[11] "Adani Group bids highest to operate Trivandrum International Airport". The Times of India. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2020.

[12] "AAI, Adani Group sign letter of agreement for Thiruvananthapuram, Guwahati, Jaipur airports". CNBC-TV18. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.

[13] "Hardeep Puri lays down 'facts' after Kerala urges Centre to reconsider Trivandrum airport privatisation". The Times of India. ANI. 20 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.

[14] "LOA for Thiruvananthapuram airport issued to Adani Group". The Hindu. 11 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.

[15] "Painkuni festival". Ministry of Tourism. Retrieved 2 July 2024.

[16] "Procession through Runway today". The Times of India. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2024.

[17] "When an airport shuts runway and halts flights for god". The Times of India. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2024.

[18] "About Us | Thiruvananthapuram International Airport". www.adani.com. Retrieved 8 February 2022.

[:0-19] Radhakrishnan, S. Anil (12 February 2011). "Terminal may put development on fast track". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011.

[20] "Airport Lounge". SilkAir. Archived from the original on 24 February 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.

[21] "THIRUVANANATHAPURAM". Airports Authority of India. 26 August 2014. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2014.

[22] "World class terminal for Thiruvananthapuram International Airport". The Hindu. Thehindu.com. 16 October 2009. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2018.

[23] "Trivandrum International Airport" (PDF). Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.

[24] "New upgraded radar at Thiruvananthapuram airport". The Hindu. 18 September 2013. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.

[25] "Air India's MRO Facility at Thiruvananthapuram Commissioning Today". Some Updates from Thiruvananthapuram. 16 December 2011. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.

[26] Radhakrishnan, S. Anil (16 December 2011). "Air India's MRO unit to be opened today". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

[aai.aero-27] Mehta, Devinder C. (March 2011). "Trivandrum Airport Gets an Impressive International Terminal" (PDF). Airports International Indian Edition. 3 (5): 8–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2017.

[28] K., Krishnachand (29 November 2023). "Runway expansion at Thiruvananthapuram airport: State may take final call by December-end". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 12 December 2023.

[29] K, Krishnachand (29 October 2024). "Land proposed in Nettukaltheri to relocate BrahMos Aerospace". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 1 November 2024.

[30] "Destinations". Air Arabia. Retrieved 3 February 2022.

[dgca-31] "Airlines INTL Schedule". Retrieved 30 March 2022.

[dgca1-32] "Airlines DOM Schedule". Retrieved 30 March 2022.

[33] "Air India Express to commence Bangalore-Thiruvananthapuram service in Nov-2023". CAPA. Retrieved 11 October 2023.

[34] "Air India Express to launch Hyderabad-Thiruvananthapuram flight from January 22". JetArena. Retrieved 13 January 2024.

[35] "Air India Express resumes direct flights from Thiruvananthapuram to Riyadh". onmanorama. Retrieved 5 August 2024.

[36] "AirAsia Resumes Thiruvananthapuram Service From Feb 2024". AeroRoutes. 13 December 2023.

[37] "Thiruvananthapuram". Emirates. Retrieved 3 February 2022.

[38] "Etihad NW23 Network Changes – 09AUG23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 10 August 2023.

[39] "FitsAir Adds Thiruvananthapuram Service From late-Dec 2024". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 6 December 2024.

[40] "Trivandrum". Gulf Air. Retrieved 3 February 2022.

[41] "Flights Schedule for Domestic & International Flights – IndiGo". IndiGo. Retrieved 5 March 2024.

[42] "IndiGo to commence Ahmedabad-Thiruvananthapuram service in Dec-2024". CAPA. Retrieved 21 October 2024.

[43] "JAZEERA AIRWAYS RESUMES 2 INDIA ROUTES IN 4Q24". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 12 August 2024.

[44] "Indian Sub-continent Flights". Kuwait Airways. Retrieved 1 February 2022.

[45] "MALAYSIA AIRLINES FURTHER EXPANDS INDIA NETWORK IN NW23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 2 September 2023.

[46] Khan, Faiz (4 September 2023). "Oman Air and Salam Air Launches New Flights to Kerala". Aviation A2Z. Retrieved 5 September 2023.

[47] "Trivandrum, India". Qatar Airways. Retrieved 3 February 2022.

[48] "Destinations Map". Scoot. Retrieved 3 February 2022.

[49] "Route Map". SriLankan Airlines. Retrieved 2 February 2022.

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v t e Tourism in Kerala
Organisations	Kerala Tourism Development Corporation Department of Tourism (Kerala) Gandhi Seva Sadan
Informative articles	Chinese fishing nets God's Own Country Chundan Vallam Jatayu Earth’s Center Kerala backwaters Pooram Puli Kali Temple Festivals of Kerala Tourist Resorts (Kerala) Vallam kali Wildlife of Kerala
Airports	Calicut International Airport Cochin International Airport Kannur International Airport Kollam Airport(Defunct) Trivandrum International Airport
Amusement parks	Fantasy Park Flora Fantasia Kottakkunnu Vismaya Wonderla
Archaeological sites	Anchuthengu Ariyannur Umbrellas Cheraman Parambu Kadavallur Kandanissery Kudakkallu Parambu Pattanam Tangasseri Thovarimala Ezhuthupara
Beaches	Alappuzha Beach Azheekal beach Bekal beach Chavakkad Beach Cherai Beach Fort Kochi beach Kappad Kappil, Thiruvananthapuram Kappkadavu Kollam Beach Kovalam Kozhikode Beach Mappila Bay Marari Beach Meenkunnu Beach Munakkal Beach Mundakkal Beach Muzhappilangad Beach Muziris beach Padinjarekkara beach Paravanna beach Payyambalam Beach Ponnani Poovar Shankumugham Beach Snehatheeram Beach Paravur Thekkumbhagam Thirumullavaram Beach Tanur beach Thottada Beach Vadakara Sandbank Kadalundi Nagaram beach Varkala Beach
Boat races	Aranmula Boat Race Biyyam Kayal Boat Race Champakulam Moolam Boat Race Indira Gandhi Boat Race Kallada Boat Race Kandassankadavu Boat Race Nehru Trophy Boat Race Payippadu Vallam Kali President's Trophy Boat Race Sree Narayana Jayanthi Boat Race Triprayar Boat Race
Caves	Chovvanur burial cave Edakkal Caves Kottukal cave temple Nedumala caves, Piralimattam Vizhinjam rock caves
Dams	Banasura Sagar Dam Bhoothathankettu Cheruthoni Dam Chimmony Dam Idamalayar Dam Idukki Dam Kakki Reservoir Kanjirapuzha Dam Karapuzha Dam Malampuzha Dam Malankara Dam Mangalam Dam Mattupetty Dam Meenkara Dam Mullaperiyar Dam Neyyar Dam Parambikulam Dam Pazhassi Dam Peechi Dam Peringalkuthu Dam Peruvaripallam Dam Ponmudi Dam Poomala Dam Pothundi Dam Sholayar Dam Siruvani Dam Thanneermukkom Bund Thenmala Dam Thunakkadavu Dam Vazhani Dam Walayar Dam
Festivals	Aanayoottu Aaraattu Aluva Sivarathri festival Arattupuzha Pooram Edakkunni Uthram Vilakku Feast of Saint Raphael, Ollur Gandharvanpattu Ilanjithara Melam India International Boat Show International Film Festival of Kerala Kadavallur Anyonyam Kanyarkali Karivela Kerala Adventure Carnival Keralotsavam Kollam Pooram Kottakkal pooram Kottankulangara Festival Machad Mamangam Nalukulangara Pooram Kalpathi Ratholsavam Nenmara Vallanghy Vela Onam Onathallu or Avittathallu Peruvanam Pooram Tattamangalam Kuthira Vela Thirumandhamkunnu Pooram Thrissur Pooram Uthralikavu Pooram
Forts	Arikady Fort Anchuthengu Fort Bekal Fort Chandragiri Fort, Kerala Cranganore Fort East Fort Fort Emmanuel Hosdurg Fort Nedumkotta Overbury's Folly Palakkad Fort Paloor Kotta Pallipuram Fort St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri St. Angelo Fort Tellicherry Fort William Fort
Islands	Dharmadam Island Ezhumanthuruthu Gundu Island Islands of Kollam Kavvayi Kuruvadweep Munroe Island Parumala Pizhala Pulinkunnoo Ramanthuruthu Valiyaparamba Vallarpadam Balathiruthi Islands Vypin Willingdon Island
Lakes	Ashtamudi Lake Biyyam Lake Enamakkal Lake Mananchira Oranju Poika Padinjarechira Paravur Lake Pookode Lake Sasthamcotta Lake Veeranpuzha Vellayani Lake Vadakkechira Vanchikulam Vembanad
Lighthouses	Vizhinjam Tangasseri Kovilthottam Alappuzha Manakkodam Vypin Azhikode Chetwai Ponnani Beypore Kozhikode Kannur
Mountains	Aathanad Agastya Mala Ambanad Hills Ambukuthi mala Anamudi Anginda peak Arimbra hills Attappadi Banasura Hill Chekkunnu Mala Chembra Peak Cheriyam hill Elivai Malai Ilaveezha Poonchira Illickal Kallu Kodikuthimala Kunnathoor Padi Marayur Meenuliyan Para Mukurthi Nelliampathi Paithalmala Pandallur hills Ponmudi Poomala Urakam Hill Vagamon Vagavurrai Vavul Mala Vellarimala
Museums	8 Point Gallery Cafe, Kollam Arakkal Museum Archaeological Museum, Thrissur Indian Business Museum Indo-Portuguese Museum Kerala Science and Technology Museum Kerala Soil Museum Lockhart Tea Museum Munnar Tea Museum Napier Museum Pazhassi Raja Archaeological Museum Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum, Kollam Teak Museum, Nilambur Wayanad Heritage Museum
Palaces	Arakkal Palace Aranmula Kottaram Bolgatty Palace British Residency Cheena Kottaram Halcyon Castle Hill Palace, Tripunithura Kanakakkunnu Palace Karimpuzha Kovilakam Kilimanoor Palace Kodungallur Kovilakam Kollengode Palace Kowdiar Palace Koyikkal Palace Krishnapuram Palace Kuthira Malika Lakshmipuram Palace Maipady Palace Mattancherry Palace Merry Lodge Palace Nilambur Kovilakam Paliam Kovilakam Pandalam Palace Punnathurkotta Puthen Kovilakam Shakthan Thampuran Palace Sri Moolam Thirunal Palace Thevally Palace
Ancient residences	Azhvanchery Mana Olappamanna Mana Poonthanam Illam Thunchan Samarakam Varikkasseri Mana
Waterfalls	Adyanpara Falls Aripara Falls Aruvikkuzhi Waterfalls Athirappilly Falls Ayyapanov Waterfalls Charpa Falls Cheeyappara Dhoni Waterfalls Kollam Kolli Falls Kozhippara Waterfalls Kudamutti Falls Kumbhavurutty Waterfalls Lakkom Water Falls Manalar Waterfalls Marmala waterfall Meenmutty Falls, Thiruvananthapuram Meenmutty Falls, Wayanad Meenvallam Waterfalls Oliyarik Waterfalls Palaruvi Falls Paloor Kotta Falls Panieli Poru waterfalls Pattathippara Falls Perunthenaruvi Perunthenaruvi Falls Siruvani Waterfalls Soochipara Falls Thommankuthu Thusharagiri Falls Thoovanam Waterfalls Vazhachal Falls Vazhvanthol waterfalls
Wildlife sanctuaries	Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary Kurinjimala Sanctuary Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Pathiramanal Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary Periyar Tiger Reserve Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary Thattekad Bird Sanctuary Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
Zoos	Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre Parassinikkadavu Snake Park Thiruvananthapuram Zoo Thrissur Zoo Thrissur Zoological Park Wildlife Conversation & Research Centre
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