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{{Short description|Harvest-based calendar system}}
{{Distinguish|Zoroastrian_calendar#Fasli_calendar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
'''Fasli Calendar''' or '''Fasli era''', ''Fasli'' ({{lang-ur|فصلی}}, {{lang-ar|فصلى}}) and ([[English Language|English]]: meaning ''Harvest'') it is an [[Arabic]] word Imported to [[Urdu]] language.<ref name="Britanica1">{{cite web| url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202287/Fasli-era| title=Faṣlī era| accessdate=21 August 2011}}</ref>
'''Fasli calendar''' or '''Fasli era''' (''Fasli''; {{langx|ur|فصلی}}, {{langx|ar|فصلى}}; {{lit|Harvest}}) is a harvest-based calendar system that was used across South Asia, but today is mainly used in Deccan.<ref name="Britanica1">{{cite web| url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202287/Fasli-era| title=Faṣlī era| access-date=21 August 2011|work=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> It was the official calendar of Hyderabad Deccan.


The Deccani Fasli calendar begins in October, marking the first of Azur.
⚫
Fasli year means period of 12 months from [[July]] to [[June]]. Adding 590 to ''Fasli year'' comes to [[Gregorian calendar]], corresponding [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] year for ''Fasli year'' 1410 was from July 2000-June 2001.<ref name="APstateusefasli">{{cite web|url=http://saiindia.gov.in/english/home/Our_Products/Audit_Report/Government_Wise/state_audit/recent_reports/Andhra_Pradesh/2007/Revenue/Revenue_AP_2007/rev_chap_3.pdf |access-date=21 August 2011 |title=LAND REVENUE |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324030839/http://saiindia.gov.in/english/home/Our_Products/Audit_Report/Government_Wise/state_audit/recent_reports/Andhra_Pradesh/2007/Revenue/Revenue_AP_2007/rev_chap_3.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |df= }}</ref>

⚫
Fasli year means the period of 12 months from July to June. Adding 590 to ''Fasli year'' comes to [[Gregorian calendar]], corresponding Gregorian year for ''Fasli year'' 1410 was from July 2000-June 2001.<ref name="APstateusefasli">{{cite web |url=http://saiindia.gov.in/english/home/Our_Products/Audit_Report/Government_Wise/state_audit/recent_reports/Andhra_Pradesh/2007/Revenue/Revenue_AP_2007/rev_chap_3.pdf |access-date=21 August 2011 |title=LAND REVENUE |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324030839/http://saiindia.gov.in/english/home/Our_Products/Audit_Report/Government_Wise/state_audit/recent_reports/Andhra_Pradesh/2007/Revenue/Revenue_AP_2007/rev_chap_3.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 }}</ref>


==Formation==
==Formation==
[[File:Fasli document 02.jpg|thumb|right|a document with fasli reference from Kerala, india]]
The calendar formation year is considered as 963 Hijra (A. H.) in the [[Islamic calendar]]. From that year onward, the Fasli calendar has been a solar year. The name and number of the [[Days]] and the [[Months]] are the same as [[Islamic calendar]]. The first day of the year is 7 or 8 June.<ref name="L.D.S.Pillai">
{{cite book |title=Panchang and Horoscope: Or the Indian Calendar and Indian Astrology |author=L.D.S. Pillai |date=1996 |page=11 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=81-206-0258-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vV1s4T8y8J8C&q=what+is+fasli+year&pg=PA11|access-date=22 August 2011}}
</ref>


⚫
The ''Fasli calendar'' dated from the accession year of [[Emperor Akbar|Akbar]]. Thus the beginning of the ''Fasli era'' is equal to below [[calendars]].<ref name="Britanica1"/>
The calendar formation year is considered as 963 [[Islamic calendar|Hijra Year, Islamic Calendar]] and from that year forward it has been followed as a solar year or [[Hindu calendar|Samavat Calendar]]. The name and number of the [[Days]] and the [[Months]] are same as [[Islamic calendar]]. The first day of the year is 7 or 8 June.<ref name="L.D.S.Pillai">{{cite book| title=Panchang and Horoscope: Or the Indian Calendar and Indian Astrology| author=L.D.S. Pillai| date=1996| page=11| ISBN=81-206-0258-7| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vV1s4T8y8J8C&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=what+is+fasli+year&source=bl&ots=EXJRUqgt2M&sig=pWpEdqvXk9gbEg-_rd0khjKFmus&hl=en&ei=o-NQTqX2DofOhAfY98HHBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDMQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20fasli%20year&f=false| accessdate=22 August 2011}}</ref>
⚫
* 963 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]] ([[Islamic calendar]])

* 1556 [[Anno Domini|AD]] ([[Julian calendar]])
⚫
The ''Fasli calendar'' dated from [[Emperor Akbar|Akbar]]s accession year. Thus the beginning of ''Fasli era'' is equal to below [[calendars]].<ref name="Britanica1"/>
* 963 [[Islamic calendar|AH]] ([[Islamic calendar]])
* 1612 [[Vikram Samvat|SE]] ([[Hindu calendar|Hindu Samavat Calendar]])
⚫
* 1556 [[Gregorian calendar|AD]] ([[Gregorian calendar]])
* 1612 [[Hindu calendar|SE]] ([[Hindu calendar|Hindu Samavat Calendar]])


==History==
==History==
[[File:Fasli document 01.jpg|thumb|right|another document of fasliyear 1343 ic. AD 1933]]
⚫
Fasli Calendar is a chronological system introduced by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]] basically for land [[revenue]] and records purposes in [[North India|northern India]], The differences in records dates due to the [[Muslim]] [[Lunar Calendar|lunar calendar]] because of moon sighting have led him to introduce an alternate calendar which follows simultaneously with [[Islamic calendar|Islamic Lunar calendar]] and [[Hindu calendar|Hindu Samavat solar Calendar]]. Which can give the fixed dating system.<ref name="Britanica1"/>


⚫
Akbar insistence to equalize the ''Fasli calendar'' according to [[Islamic calendar]] accordingly with [[Hindu calendar]], thus he took 649 years from the [[Hindu calendar]] year to make the ''Fasli'' year 963. Since then, the ''Fasli calendar'' proceeded according to the [[Hindu calendar]].{{fact|date=February 2020}}
⚫
'''Fasli Calendar''' is a chronological system introduced by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[emperor Akbar]] basically for land [[revenue]] and records purposes in [[North India|northern India]], The differences in records dates due to the [[Muslim]] [[Lunar Calendar|lunar calendar]] because of moon sighting have led him to introduce an alternate calendar which follows simultaneously with [[Islamic calendar|Islamic Lunar calendar]] and [[Hindu calendar|Hindu Samavat solar Calendar]]. Which can give the fix dating system.<ref name="Britanica1"/>

⚫
[[Emperor Akbar|Akbar]] insistence to equalize the ''Fasli calendar'' according to [[Islamic calendar|Islamic Lunar calendar]] accordingly with [[Hindu calendar|Hindu Samavat Calendar]], thus he took 649 years from the [[Hindu calendar|Samavat Calendar]] year in order to make the ''Fasli'' year 963. Since then, the ''Fasli calendar'' proceeded according to the [[Hindu calendar|Samavat Calendar]].{{fact|date=February 2020}}


===Introduction in Deccan===
===Introduction in Deccan===


[[Shah Jahan]] the grandson of Akbar, introduced the Fasli Calendar to [[Hyderabad Deccan|Deccan Suba]] ([[South India]]) in 1630 AD,<ref name="K.S.Patel">
[[Shah Jahan]] the grandson of [[Emperor Akbar|Akbar]], introduced ''Fasli Calendar'' in 1630 AD, to [[Hyderabad Deccan|Deccan Suba]] ([[South India]]),<ref name="K.S.Patel">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=auA-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA52&dq=history+of+fasli+calendar+in+deccan&hl=en&ei=Lg5STrjYMM6N4gS6sNXEBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20fasli%20calendar%20in%20deccan&f=false| title=Cowasjee Patell's Chronology| author=Kavasji Sorabji Patel| page=52| date=1866| publisher=Trubner| accessdate=22 August 2011 }}</ref> which continued as an official calendar of [[Asif Jahi]] rulers of [[Hyderabad State]], until [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|last]] [[Nizam]], [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] annexed [[Hyderabad State]] to [[India| Indian Union]].<ref name="HYDFasli">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f0mh6W7ejL4C&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=fasli+calendar+of+hyderabad&source=bl&ots=RpJgOYK2on&sig=amLOB_MnJfmmp8rUINXV44Cd_9I&hl=en&ei=M95QTuyEJoHqrQfDqN2sAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=fasli%20calendar%20of%20hyderabad&f=false| title=Economic history of Hyderabad State: Warangal Suba, 1911-1950| author=V. Ramakrishna Reddy | accessdate=21 August 2011}}</ref>
{{cite book |title=Cowasjee Patell's Chronology |author=Kavasji Sorabji Patel |page=52 |date=1866 |publisher=Trubner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=auA-AAAAYAAJ&q=history+of+fasli+calendar+in+deccan&pg=PA52}}
</ref> which continued as an official calendar of [[Asaf Jahi]] rulers of the [[Hyderabad State]], until last [[Nizam]], [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] acceded the Hyderabad State to the Indian Union.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}


==Current status==
==Current status==
{{unbalanced|section|date=April 2022|reason=What is the status in other places?}}
After [[India]] annexed [[Hyderabad State]], [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|last]] [[Nizam]], [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] was made [[rajpramukh]] who used to follow and mention ''Fasli Calendar'' in his official sanctions and records. Currently [[Andhra Pradesh State Wakf Board]], '''Nizam Trust''' follows ''Fasli Calendar'' simultaneously with [[Gregorian calendar]] and [[Islamic calendar]] to maintain records.<ref name="HYDFasli"/> The [[Andhra Pradesh Government]], [[Karnataka Government]] and the [[Tamil Nadu Government]] still follows ''Fasli Year'' in all of their [[revenue]] and [[judiciary]] purposes.<ref name="APstateusefasli"/><ref name="Tamil-govt">{{cite web| url=http://www.tn.gov.in/crop/WholesalePrice.htm| title=WHOLESALE PRICE TREND| accessdate=22 August 2011}}</ref>
After the accession of the Hyderabad State, the Nizam continued as the [[Rajpramukh]] (princely Head of State) and used to follow the Fasli calendar in his official sanctions and records. Currently [[Andhra Pradesh State Wakf Board]], Nizam Trust follows the Fasli calendar simultaneously with [[Gregorian calendar]] and [[Islamic calendar]] to maintain records.{{citation needed |date=April 2022}} The [[Andhra Pradesh Government]], [[Karnataka Government]] and the [[Tamil Nadu Government]] still use Fasli year in all of their [[revenue]] and [[judiciary]] purposes.<ref name="APstateusefasli"/><ref name="Tamil-govt">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/crop/WholesalePrice.htm |title=Season and Crop Report 2005–06: Wholesale Price Trend |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418190410/https://www.tn.gov.in/crop/WholesalePrice.htm |archive-date=18 April 2018}}</ref>{{better source needed |date=April 2022}}


==References==
==References==
Line 30: Line 39:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202287/Fasli-era Faṣlī era: Encyclopædia Britannica]
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202287/Fasli-era Faṣlī era] – ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''

{{Calendars}}
{{Calendars}}


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[[Category:Gregorian calendar]]
[[Category:Gregorian calendar]]
[[Category:Calendars]]
[[Category:Calendars]]
[[Category:Hindu calendar]]
[[Category:Calendar eras]]
[[Category:Islamic calendar]]
[[Category:Islamic calendar]]
[[Category:Mughal culture]]
[[Category:Time in India]]
[[Category:Time in India]]
[[Category:Nizams of Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Hyderabad State]]

Latest revision as of 20:48, 23 October 2024

Not to be confused with Zoroastrian_calendar § Fasli_calendar.

Fasli calendar or Fasli era (Fasli; Urdu: فصلی, Arabic: فصلى; lit. 'Harvest') is a harvest-based calendar system that was used across South Asia, but today is mainly used in Deccan.[1] It was the official calendar of Hyderabad Deccan.

The Deccani Fasli calendar begins in October, marking the first of Azur.

Fasli year means the period of 12 months from July to June. Adding 590 to Fasli year comes to Gregorian calendar, corresponding Gregorian year for Fasli year 1410 was from July 2000-June 2001.[2]

Formation

[edit]
a document with fasli reference from Kerala, india

The calendar formation year is considered as 963 Hijra (A. H.) in the Islamic calendar. From that year onward, the Fasli calendar has been a solar year. The name and number of the Days and the Months are the same as Islamic calendar. The first day of the year is 7 or 8 June.[3]

The Fasli calendar dated from the accession year of Akbar. Thus the beginning of the Fasli era is equal to below calendars.[1]

History

[edit]
another document of fasliyear 1343 ic. AD 1933

Fasli Calendar is a chronological system introduced by the Mughal emperor Akbar basically for land revenue and records purposes in northern India, The differences in records dates due to the Muslim lunar calendar because of moon sighting have led him to introduce an alternate calendar which follows simultaneously with Islamic Lunar calendar and Hindu Samavat solar Calendar. Which can give the fixed dating system.[1]

Akbar insistence to equalize the Fasli calendar according to Islamic calendar accordingly with Hindu calendar, thus he took 649 years from the Hindu calendar year to make the Fasli year 963. Since then, the Fasli calendar proceeded according to the Hindu calendar.[citation needed]

Introduction in Deccan

[edit]

Shah Jahan the grandson of Akbar, introduced the Fasli Calendar to Deccan Suba (South India) in 1630 AD,[4] which continued as an official calendar of Asaf Jahi rulers of the Hyderabad State, until last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan acceded the Hyderabad State to the Indian Union.[citation needed]

Current status

[edit]

After the accession of the Hyderabad State, the Nizam continued as the Rajpramukh (princely Head of State) and used to follow the Fasli calendar in his official sanctions and records. Currently Andhra Pradesh State Wakf Board, Nizam Trust follows the Fasli calendar simultaneously with Gregorian calendar and Islamic calendar to maintain records.[citation needed] The Andhra Pradesh Government, Karnataka Government and the Tamil Nadu Government still use Fasli year in all of their revenue and judiciary purposes.[2][5][better source needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Faṣlī era". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  2. ^ a b "LAND REVENUE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  3. ^ L.D.S. Pillai (1996). Panchang and Horoscope: Or the Indian Calendar and Indian Astrology. Asian Educational Services. p. 11. ISBN 81-206-0258-7. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  4. ^ Kavasji Sorabji Patel (1866). Cowasjee Patell's Chronology. Trubner. p. 52.
  5. ^ "Season and Crop Report 2005–06: Wholesale Price Trend". Archived from the original on 18 April 2018.
[edit]
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