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{{short description|French politician (born 1965)}}
{{infobox Politician
{{Expand French|topic=bio|Eric Ciotti|date=April 2023}}
| name = Éric Ciotti
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
| image = Éric Ciotti (2).jpg
{{Infobox officeholder
| caption = Ciotti in 2011
| name = Éric Ciotti
| office = Member of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]<br/>for [[Alpes-Maritimes]]'s [[Alpes-Maritimes's 1st constituency|1st]] constituency
| image = Éric Ciotti, EPP Summit, 23 March, Brussels (52765298047) (cropped).jpg
| term_start = 20 June 2007
| caption = Ciotti in 2023
| term_end =
| office = President of the [[UDR group]] in the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]
| predecessor = [[Jérôme Rivière]]
| term_start = 18 July 2024
| office1 = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]<br/>of [[Alpes-Maritimes]]
| term_end =
| term_start1 = 18 December 2008
| office1 = President of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
| term_end1 = 15 September 2017
| term_start1 = 11 December 2022
| predecessor1 = [[Christian Estrosi]]
| term_end1 = 22 September 2024
| successor1 = Charles-Ange Ginésy
| predecessor1 = [[Christian Jacob (politician)|Christian Jacob]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|09|28|df=yes}}
| office2 = [[Deputy (France)|Member]] of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]<br>for [[Alpes-Maritimes]]'s [[Alpes-Maritimes's 1st constituency|1st]] constituency
| birth_place = [[Nice]], [[France]]
| term_start2 = 20 June 2007
| nationality = French
| term_end2 =
| party = [[Union for a Popular Movement]]<br/>[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
| alma_mater = [[Sciences Po]]
| predecessor2 = [[Jérôme Rivière]]
| office3 = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]<br>of [[Alpes-Maritimes]]
| term_start3 = 18 December 2008
| term_end3 = 15 September 2017
| predecessor3 = [[Christian Estrosi]]
| successor3 = [[Charles Ange Ginésy]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|09|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Nice]], France
| party = [[Union of the Right for the Republic]] (2012–present)
| otherparty = [[Rally for the Republic]] (1981–2002)<br>[[Union for a Popular Movement]] (2002–2015)<br>[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] (2015–2024)
| alma_mater = [[Sciences Po]]
| spouse = Caroline Magne
| children = 3
| successor1 = TBD
| predecessor = ''Office established''
}}
}}


'''Éric Ciotti''' ({{IPA|fr|eʁik sjɔti|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Éric Ciotti.wav}} or {{IPA|fr|eʁik tʃɔti||Nse-1327974380001018659-13344.wav}}, {{IPA|it|ˈtʃɔtti|lang}}; born 28 September 1965) is a French politician who led [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] (LR) from 2022 to 2024. He has represented [[Alpes-Maritimes's 1st constituency]] in the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] since the [[2007 French legislative election|2007 legislative election]]. Once a member of The Republicans' right-wing, he was seeking to distance the party from [[Emmanuel Macron]]'s presidency.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="DOI"/> He left The Republicans in 2024, and is now the leader of the [[Union of the Right for the Republic]] (UDR) party and [[UDR_group|parliamentary group]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-22 |title=Eric Ciotti annonce quitter Les Républicains, après plusieurs mois de bataille juridique pour rester à sa présidence |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2024/09/22/eric-ciotti-annonce-quitter-les-republicains-apres-plusieurs-mois-de-bataille-juridique-pour-rester-a-sa-presidence_6328406_823448.html |access-date=2024-10-02 |language=fr}}</ref>
'''Éric Ciotti''' (born 28 September 1965) is a French politician serving as the member of the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] for [[Alpes-Maritimes's 1st constituency]] since 2007.<ref name="anfr">{{cite web

|url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/elections/2007/resultats/LDD_DEP.csv.asp
Ciotti briefly served as First Deputy Mayor of [[Nice]] under Mayor [[Christian Estrosi]] in 2008, before he assumed the presidency of the [[Departmental council (France)|Departmental Council]] of [[Alpes-Maritimes]] from 2008 to 2017.<ref name="anfr">{{cite web |title=LISTE DÉFINITIVE DES DÉPUTÉS ÉLUS À L'ISSUE DES DEUX TOURS |url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/elections/2007/resultats/LDD_DEP.csv.asp |accessdate=3 July 2010 |publisher=[[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] |language=fr}}</ref> He sought the party's nomination for the [[2022 French presidential election|2022 presidential election]] at its [[2021 The Republicans congress|2021 congress]]; he unexpectedly placed first in the first round of voting,<ref name="Guardian"/> but was defeated by centre-right candidate [[Valérie Pécresse]] in the second round.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2021 |title='The right is back': Gaullists pick female candidate Valérie Pécresse to take on Macron |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/04/pecresse-chosen-as-french-centre-rights-first-female-candidate-for-presidency |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> In December 2022, following Pécresse's historic loss in the presidential election, he was elected president of The Republicans, placing first in the first round and winning the second round against Senator [[Bruno Retailleau]], with whom he has worked closely since he took office as leader.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=11 December 2022 |title=Right-winger Ciotti wins French conservative party leadership |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/right-winger-ciotti-wins-french-conservative-party-leadership-2022-12-11/ |access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref>
|accessdate=2010-07-03

|title=LISTE DÉFINITIVE DES DÉPUTÉS ÉLUS À L’ISSUE DES DEUX TOURS
In June 2024, after attempting to forge an electoral alliance with the far-right [[National Rally]] ahead of the [[2024 French legislative election|snap election]], he was unanimously, though contentiously, removed from his position as president by the party leadership, a move he described as "illegal".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-conservative-republicans-kick-out-party-chief-ciotti-2024-06-12/ |title=France's conservative Republicans kick out party chief Ciotti |last= |first= |date=12 June 2024 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date=13 June 2024 |quote=}}</ref> On 14 June, a Paris court invalidated the removal of Ciotti from the party presidency.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2024 |title=Paris court overturns decision to expel Ciotti as head of France's right-wing Les Républicains |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20240614-paris-court-overturns-decision-to-expel-ciotti-as-head-of-france-s-right-wing-les-r%C3%A9publicains |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[France 24]]}}</ref> This led to an unprecedent [[2024 The Republicans alliance crisis|leadership crisis]] within the party, which culminated in Ciotti creating his own parliamentary group, the [[UDR group|UDR]], named after his [[Union of the Right for the Republic]] (UDR).
|language=French
|publisher=National Assembly of France
}}</ref> A member of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] (LR), he also served as President of the Departmental Council of [[Alpes-Maritimes]] from 2008 to 2017.


==Political career==
==Political career==
===Career in regional politics===
===Early career in local politics===
Ciotti was elected to the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes in the [[2008 French cantonal elections|2008 cantonal elections]] for [[Saint-Martin-Vésubie]]; he took its presidency the same year, succeeding [[Christian Estrosi]]. After the [[2015 French departmental elections|2015 departmental elections]], the Departmental Council of Alpes-Maritimes replaced the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes. Following the adoption of a new law organising the [[cumul des mandats]], he resigned from the body's presidency in 2017 while keeping his councillor mandate.
Ciotti was elected to the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes in 2008 in [[Saint-Martin-Vésubie]] following the resignation of incumbent councillor [[Gaston Franco]]. He was elected by his peers to the body's presidency the same year, succeeding Nice Mayor [[Christian Estrosi]]. Ciotti had previously failed to be elected in the [[canton of Nice-1]] in the [[2008 French cantonal elections|2008 cantonal election]], having been defeated by incumbent Socialist Marc Concas. Following the [[2015 French departmental elections|2015 departmental election]], in which he was elected in [[Canton of Tourrette-Levens|Tourrette-Levens]], the Departmental Council of Alpes-Maritimes replaced the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes. After the adoption of a new law organising ''[[Dual mandate|cumul des mandats]]'' restrictions, Ciotti resigned the presidency in 2017 while keeping his councillor mandate.


===Member of the National Assembly===
===Member of the National Assembly, 2007–present===
[[File:Éric Ciotti et Christian Estrosi.JPG|thumb|left|Nice Mayor [[Christian Estrosi]] and Éric Ciotti in 2011]]
Éric Ciotti was elected to the National Assembly during the [[2007 French legislative election|2007 election]]; he was reelected in [[2012 French legislative election|2012]] and [[2017 French legislative election|2017]].
Ciotti was elected to the National Assembly during the [[2007 French legislative election|2007 election]]; he was reelected in [[2012 French legislative election|2012]] and [[2017 French legislative election|2017]]. In Parliament, Ciotti has been serving on the Committee on Legal Affairs since 2007.<ref>[http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/deputes/fiche/OMC_PA330240 Éric Ciotti], [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]].</ref> Since 2017, he has also been a [[quaestor]] and therefore part of the Assembly's Bureau in the [[15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic]], under the leadership of president [[Richard Ferrand]]. He recently recognized having had an affair with [[Nadine Morano]] while in office.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBqxfWmz2Js&ab_channel=Europe1|title=Eric Ciotti dans le Grand Rendez-Vous Europe 1 Cnews du 12 décembre 2021 (intégrale)|work= [[Europe 1]]|via=YouTube}}</ref>


Ahead of the UMP's [[2012 Union for a Popular Movement leadership election|2012 leadership election]], Ciotti managed [[François Fillon]]'s campaign.<ref>Nicholas Vinocur, Sophie Louet and Natalie Huet (21 November 2012) [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-france-conservatives/fillon-cries-foul-anew-in-french-right-leadership-bid-idUKBRE8AK14Y20121121 Fillon cries foul anew in French right leadership bid] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref> When Fillon's opponent [[Jean-François Copé]] eventually won, Ciotti was one of more than 50 party members who threatened to form a new centre-right caucus within the UMP parliamentary group under the leadership of Fillon.<ref>Catherine Bremer (27 November 2012) [https://www.reuters.com/article/france-conservatives-idUSL5E8MR6CO20121127 French conservatives slip further into crisis] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref> In September 2014, Ciotti joined Fillon, [[Étienne Blanc]], [[Pierre Lellouche]] and [[Valérie Pécresse]] on an official trip to [[Iraq]].<ref>Brune Jeudy (31 August 2014) [https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Francois-Fillon-en-Irak-pour-soutenir-les-chretiens-d-Orient-683702 Fillon en Irak pour soutenir les chrétiens d'Orient] ''[[Le Journal du Dimanche]]''.</ref>
In parliament, Ciotti serves on the Committee on Legal Affairs.<ref>[http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/deputes/fiche/OMC_PA330240 Éric Ciotti] [[National Assembly (France)|French National Assembly]].</ref> In 2019, he successfully added an amendment to an education bill to make it mandatory for classrooms to display both a French and [[European Union]] flag in all classrooms.<ref>[https://www.thelocal.fr/20190213/french-classrooms-to-fly-national-and-europe-flags-from-now-on French classrooms to fly national and Europe flags from now on]</ref>

Ahead of The Republicans' [[2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary|2016 primaries]], Ciotti managed former President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]'s campaign for the presidential nomination, alongside [[Catherine Vautrin]].<ref name="ft.com">Anne-Sylvaine Chassany (7 November 2016) [https://www.ft.com/content/caac17c2-a4d6-11e6-8b69-02899e8bd9d1 French right calls for François Hollande's impeachment] ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref> Also in 2016, he formally requested that prosecutors investigate President [[François Hollande]] over a potential breach of security allowing revelations that Hollande disclosed classified information to journalists.<ref name="ft.com"/>

Amid the [[Fillon affair]], Ciotti succeeded [[Gérald Darmanin]]&nbsp;as deputy of the Republicans' secretary general [[Bernard Accoyer]]<ref>Jean-Baptiste Garat (4 April 2017), [https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2017/04/04/01002-20170404ARTFIG00327-eric-ciotti-prend-du-galon-chez-les-republicains.php Éric Ciotti prend du galon chez Les Républicains] ''[[Le Figaro]]''.</ref> and subsequently became a vocal defender of Fillon as the party's candidate for the [[2017 French presidential election|2017 presidential election]]. When magistrates put Fillon under formal investigation on suspicion of embezzling state funds, Ciotti publicly state "I trust and support Francois Fillon more than ever".<ref>Simon Carraud and Brian Love (14 March 2017) [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-idUSKBN16L1J7 France's Fillon under formal investigation for fraud ahead of election] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref><ref>Jean-Baptiste Vey and Ingrid Melander (26 March 2017) [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-fillon/frances-fillon-very-likely-wiretapped-ally-says-idUSKBN16X0JT France's Fillon 'very likely' wiretapped, ally says] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref> When Fillon called on members to vote for [[Emmanuel Macron]] in the second round of the election against [[Marine Le Pen]], Ciotti refused to endorse Macron.<ref>Paul Chaulet (24 April 2017), [https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/elections/guaino-ciotti-sens-commun-cette-droite-qui-n-appelle-pas-a-voter-macron_1901675.html Guaino, Ciotti, Sens Commun... cette droite qui n'appelle pas à voter Macron] ''[[L'Express]]''.</ref>

In [[2017 The Republicans (France) leadership election|The Republicans' 2017 leadership election]], Ciotti endorsed [[Laurent Wauquiez]].<ref>Ludovic Vigogne (11 October 2017), [https://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/liste-136-parrains-laurent-wauquiez-135723 La liste des 136 parrains de Laurent Wauquiez] ''[[L'Opinion (French newspaper)|L'Opinion]]''.</ref> In 2018, Wauquiez included him in his [[Shadow Cabinet of France|shadow cabinet]]; in this capacity, he served as opposition counterpart to [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]] [[Christophe Castaner]].<ref>Olivier Faye (21 November 2018), [https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2018/11/21/contre-le-gouvernement-laurent-wauquiez-devoile-le-shadow-cabinet-de-lr_5386628_823448.html Laurent Wauquiez dévoile (enfin) son « shadow cabinet »] ''[[Le Monde]]''.</ref><ref>Nicolas Berrod (21 November 2018), [https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/laurent-wauquiez-inaugure-son-gouvernement-fantome-21-11-2018-7949007.php Laurent Wauquiez inaugure son «gouvernement fantôme»] ''[[Le Parisien]]''.</ref> In 2020, Ciotti became the Parliament's [[rapporteur]] on how the government handled the [[COVID-19 pandemic in France]].<ref>Chloé Hecketsweiler and Solenn de Royer (30 June 2020), [https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2020/06/30/eric-ciotti-rapporteur-patient-et-meticuleux-de-la-commission-d-enquete-sur-la-crise-sanitaire_6044633_823448.html Eric Ciotti, rapporteur patient et méticuleux de la commission d'enquête sanitaire] ''[[Le Monde]]''.</ref> In 2021, Ciotti announced his intention to run as The Republicans's candidate in the [[2022 French presidential election|2022 presidential election]].<ref>Grégoire Poussielgue (26 August 2021), [https://www.lesechos.fr/elections/presidentielle/presidentielle-2022-wauquiez-renonce-ciotti-et-barnier-se-lancent-1341238 Présidentielle 2022 : Wauquiez renonce, Ciotti et Barnier se lancent] ''[[Les Echos (France)|Les Echos]]''.</ref><ref>Victor Mallet (27 August 2021), [https://www.ft.com/content/5c8bf313-5303-44c5-9ead-27fc8849da6a Michel Barnier makes bid for French presidency] ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref> Ciotti narrowly placed first at the [[2021 The Republicans congress]] and proceeded to the primary second round, in which he was defeated by [[Valérie Pécresse]].<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web|date=2 December 2021|title=Hard-right French MP tops Les Républicains party's presidential primary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/02/hard-right-french-mp-tops-les-republicains-partys-presidential-primary|access-date=2 December 2021|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

Ciotti retained his seat in the second round of the [[2024 French legislative election]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2024|title=Controversial right-wing party leader Eric Ciotti announces his re-election in parliamentary elections|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2024/07/07/controversial-right-wing-party-leader-eric-ciotti-announces-his-re-election-in-parliamentary-elections_6676994_5.html|access-date=7 July 2024|website=[[France 24]]|language=en}}</ref>

=== Leader of The Republicans, alliance crisis and departure ===
To the Right! ({{Langx|fr|À Droite !}}, ÀD!), is a movement within [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]. The movement was founded by Ciotti during the 2021 [[2021 The Republicans congress|The Republicans congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=À Droite avec Eric Ciotti - Le Mouvement |url=https://www.adroite-ciotti.com/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=À Droite avec Eric Ciotti - Le Mouvement |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ciotti was elected with 53.7% of the votes against his main opponent, [[Bruno Retailleau]], who received 46.3% to become the next leader of The Republicans.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2022 |title=France's conservative Républicains elect new leader to revive political fortunes |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20221212-france-s-conservative-r%C3%A9publicains-elect-new-leader-to-revive-political-fortunes |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=RFI |language=en}}</ref> He ruled out a formal alliance with Macron's minority government in parliament, although he was open to negotiate a pension reform.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2022 |title=Pension reform: on the right, Eric Ciotti tries to unite his troops |url=https://globeecho.com/news/europe/france/pension-reform-on-the-right-eric-ciotti-tries-to-unite-his-troops/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Globe Echo |language=en}}</ref>

{{Main|2024 The Republicans alliance crisis}}

Ciotti was voted out as leader of the party on 12 June 2024 over his decision to seek an alliance with the far-right [[National Rally]]<ref>{{cite web|title=France's rightwing Les Républicains vote out leader Éric Ciotti over election pact with far right |website=France 24 |date=12 June 2024|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240612-%F0%9F%94%B4-france-s-rightwing-les-r%C3%A9publicains-vote-out-leader-%C3%A9ric-ciotti-over-election-pact-with-far-right |access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref> and was "unanimously" removed from the party, according to [[Annie Genevard]].<ref>{{cite web|title=France's conservative Republicans kick out party chief Ciotti|website=Reuters |date=12 June 2024|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-conservative-republicans-kick-out-party-chief-ciotti-2024-06-12/ |access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2024 |title=France's Republicans party expel Ciotti over alliance with far right |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/06/12/eric-ciotti-expelled-from-frances-conservative-party-over-bid-to-ally-with-far-right |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref> A Paris court reviewed the decision on 14 June and ruled in Ciotti's favor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2024 |title=Court suspends French right-wing leader Ciotti's expulsion from party |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2024/06/14/court-suspends-french-right-wing-leader-ciotti-s-expulsion-from-party_6674830_5.html |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=Le Monde}}</ref> His alliance with the RN was labeled the [[Union of the Far-Right]].

On 22 September 2024, Ciotti announced he would leave The Republicans, fully committing himself to his [[Union of the Right for the Republic]] (UDR) party.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-22 |title=Eric Ciotti annonce quitter Les Républicains, après plusieurs mois de bataille juridique pour rester à sa présidence |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2024/09/22/eric-ciotti-annonce-quitter-les-republicains-apres-plusieurs-mois-de-bataille-juridique-pour-rester-a-sa-presidence_6328406_823448.html |access-date=2024-10-02 |language=fr}}</ref>


==Political positions==
==Political positions==
{{Conservatism in France|Politicians}}
In the Republicans’ [[2017 The Republicans (France) leadership election|2017 leadership election]], Ciotti endorsed [[Laurent Wauquiez]].<ref>Ludovic Vigogne (October 11, 2017), [https://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/liste-136-parrains-laurent-wauquiez-135723 La liste des 136 parrains de Laurent Wauquiez] ''[[L'Opinion (French newspaper)|L'Opinion]]''.</ref>
Ciotti has largely been described as [[right-wing]] and of belonging in the [[right-wing populist]] faction of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="DOI">{{Cite journal |date=1 January 2022 |title=French Republicans to shift further right under Ciotti |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-DB274688 |journal=Emerald Expert Briefings |volume=oxan-db |issue=oxan-db |doi=10.1108/OXAN-DB274688 |issn=2633-304X}}</ref>

===Economic policy===
On economic issues, Ciotti defends, as part of his candidacy for the primary of his party for the presidential election of 2022, the elimination of 250,000 positions in the [[civil service]], the return to 39 hours as the legal duration of [[working time]], raising the retirement age to 65, the lowering of [[corporate tax]]es, the abolition of [[inheritance tax]] as well as the reduction of [[unemployment benefits]] and [[social assistance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://actu.orange.fr/politique/ciotti-devoile-son-projet-presidentiel-de-rupture-CNT000001Gzs47.html|title=Ciotti dévoile son projet présidentiel "de rupture"|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>

During the protests against Emmanuel Macron's pension reforms, Ciotti's office in Nice was attacked. According to a photo posted by Ciotti to his Twitter account, the front window of the office had been broken with a paving stone and vandals wrote "the motion or the stone", in reference to an upcoming vote in the National Assembly. Protests against pension measures have taken place across the country, affecting various industries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vandals attack French politician's office over pensions row|url=https://apnews.com/article/france-pensions-tensions-7ecf1fb2042fa83b9ce0e2a8014bcf9d|website=Associated Press|language=en|date=19 March 2023|access-date=19 March 2023}}</ref>

===European policy===
In 2019, Ciotti successfully added an amendment to an education bill to make it mandatory for classrooms to display both a [[Flag of France|French]] and [[European Union]] flag in all classrooms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20190213/french-classrooms-to-fly-national-and-europe-flags-from-now-on|title=French and European flags to fly in classrooms of schools in France|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>

===Foreign policy===
During his presidential campaign in 2021, Ciotti argued that France should reassert itself by leaving [[NATO]]'s integrated command.<ref>Rym Momtaz (15 October 2021), [https://www.politico.eu/article/france-politicians-bash-eu-poland-national-sovereignty/ With a push from Poland, French politicians line up to bash EU] ''[[Politico Europe]]''.</ref> He claims an "immense admiration" for the state of [[Israel]] and wants the recognition of [[Jerusalem]] as the unified capital of that country, as well as the transfer of the French embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, in order to "break with a form of diplomatic tradition that is globally pro-Arab" of France.<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/eric-ciotti-lr-veut-reconnaitre-jerusalem-comme-capitale-unifiee-d-israel-20211012 "Éric Ciotti (LR) veut reconnaître Jérusalem comme capitale unifiée d'Israël"], ''[[Le Figaro]]'' (in French), 12 October 2021.</ref>

===Security and immigration policy===
In 2020, Ciotti proposed a bill to the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] which would prohibit the dissemination of images depicting functions of the national police, municipal police, military and customs officers; with a maximum penalty of 15,000 euros and a year in prison for violators.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.numerama.com/politique/626740-eric-ciotti-veut-punir-les-personnes-qui-filment-et-diffusent-des-videos-de-policiers.html|title=Éric Ciotti veut punir les personnes qui filment et diffusent des vidéos de policiers|first=Julien|last=Lausson|date=27 May 2020|website=www.numerama.com/|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>

For the ''[[Marianne (magazine)|Marianne]]'' magazine, Ciotti joined [[Marine Le Pen]]'s positions on security, identity, immigration and Islamism, sharing with her "an ethnic and identity-based vision of the nation". He thus proposes to change the nationality code in order to abolish the ''[[jus soli]]'' in favour of the ''[[jus sanguinis]]'' alone, to include in the [[Constitution of France|Constitution]] "our Christian origins", as well as to accentuate security policies (creation of 100,000 additional prison places, lowering of the criminal majority to 16 years, suppression of family allowances to "parents of children who do not respect the values of the Republic").

In 2021, he stated "our society is changing, if we have to talk about '[[Great Replacement|great replacement]]', I talk about 'replacement'".<ref>[https://www.marianne.net/politique/le-pen/avec-eric-ciotti-le-pen-bis-candidat-a-la-primaire-de-la-droite "Avec Éric Ciotti, Le Pen bis candidat à la primaire de la droite"], ''[[Marianne (magazine)|Marianne]]'' (in French), 26 August 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20211109.OBS50811/grand-remplacement-priorite-nationale-eric-ciotti-a-l-extreme-de-la-droite.html "« Grand remplacement », « priorité nationale »… Eric Ciotti, à l’extrême de la droite"], ''[[L'Obs|Nouvel Obs]]'' (in French), 9 November 2021.</ref>

In the face of Islamic terrorism, he advocated the creation of a "French-style [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo]]" and the adoption of "specially adapted laws, like the [[Patriot Act]] in the United States.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2022/article/2021/11/10/lutte-contre-le-terrorisme-eric-ciotti-souhaite-la-mise-en-place-d-un-guantanamo-a-la-francaise_6101660_6059010.html "Congrès Les Républicains : Eric Ciotti souhaite un « Guantanamo à la française » pour lutter contre le terrorisme"], ''[[Le Monde]]'' (in French), 10 November 2021.</ref>

===Relations with the far-right===
In April 2021, Ciotti stated that "what differentiates [The Republicans] from the [[National Rally]] is our capacity to govern".<ref>[https://www.lepoint.fr/politique/ce-qui-nous-differencie-du-rn-c-est-notre-capacite-a-gouverner-ciotti-fait-polemique-30-04-2021-2424391_20.php "« Ce qui nous différencie du RN, c’est notre capacité à gouverner » : Ciotti fait polémique"], ''[[Le Point]]'' (in French), 30 April 2021.</ref> In September 2021, Ciotti declared that if the second round of the French presidential election ended up being between [[Emmanuel Macron]] and [[Éric Zemmour]], he would vote for the latter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Éric Ciotti : " Entre Macron et Zemmour, je le dis, je préfère Zemmour "|url=https://www.publicsenat.fr/article/politique/eric-ciotti-entre-macron-et-zemmour-je-le-dis-je-prefere-zemmour-190877|website=Public Senat|language=fr|date=20 October 2021|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> Later that year, [[Renaud Muselier]], the [[President of the Regional Council (France)|President]] of the [[Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] left the Republicans, saying that Ciotti was "conveying the ideas of Éric Zemmour within LR".<ref>Pierrer Maurer (29 October 2021), [https://www.leparisien.fr/elections/presidentielle/renaud-muselier-je-soutiens-xavier-bertrand-pour-le-congres-des-republicains-23-11-2021-4LHWHI6MMBBOTBSU3BT4YPB2GU.php Renaud Muselier : «Je soutiens Xavier Bertrand pour le Congrès des Républicains»] ''[[Le Figaro]]''.</ref>

Ahead of the [[2024 French legislative election]], he called for The Republicans to enter into an [[electoral alliance]] with the National Rally.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 June 2024|title=French right uproar over call for far-right alliance|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cydd97g1g5po|author-last=Kirby|author-first=Paul|access-date=12 June 2024|work=BBC News}}</ref> He was expelled from the party in response.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cw99g1ez5vjo|title=French right ditch leader over far-right alliance deal|publisher=BBC News|date=12 June 2024|accessdate=12 June 2024|last=Kirby|first=Paul}}</ref> This decision was subsequently recognised as illegal by the Judiciary Tribunal of Paris, re-instating him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lcp.fr/actualites/les-republicains-l-exclusion-d-eric-ciotti-invalidee-par-la-justice-en-refere-en|title=Les Républicains : l'exclusion d'Éric Ciotti invalidée par la justice en référé, en attendant une décision 'au fond' &#124; LCP - Assemblée nationale|website=lcp.fr|accessdate=15 June 2024}}</ref>

Following the election, Ciotti said in an interview with [[Le Figaro]] that he was proud to have broken the “artificial” taboo against working with the far right and predicted that the “vast majority of people on the right” would follow the same path.<ref>{{Cite news |title=En direct, présidence de l'Assemblée nationale |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/live/2024/07/18/en-direct-assemblee-nationale-qui-va-obtenir-la-presidence-quatre-candidats-toujours-en-lice-au-deuxieme-tour-les-resultats-attendus-vers-19-heures_6249323_823448.html?#id-1698793 |access-date=2024-07-18 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref>


==Other activities==
==Other activities==
* French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), Member of the Board of Directors<ref>[https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/composition_ca.pdf Board of Directors] French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA).</ref>
* French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), Member of the Board of Directors.<ref>[https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/composition_ca.pdf Board of Directors] French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA).</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|3}}
{{Reflist|3}}
{{The Republicans (France)}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ciotti, Eric}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ciotti, Eric}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:French people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:French people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Rally for the Republic politicians]]
[[Category:Union for a Popular Movement politicians]]
[[Category:Union for a Popular Movement politicians]]
[[Category:The Republicans (France) politicians]]
[[Category:The Republicans (France) politicians]]
[[Category:Sciences Po alumni]]
[[Category:Sciences Po alumni]]
[[Category:People from Nice]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nice]]
[[Category:Right-wing populism in France]]
[[Category:French city councillors]]
[[Category:Departmental councillors (France)]]
[[Category:Presidents of French departments]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 16th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 17th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic]]
[[Category:Union of the Far-Right politicians]]

Latest revision as of 21:15, 9 December 2024

Éric Ciotti
Ciotti in 2023
President of the UDR group in the National Assembly
Incumbent
Assumed office
18 July 2024
Preceded byOffice established
President of The Republicans
In office
11 December 2022 – 22 September 2024
Preceded byChristian Jacob
Succeeded byTBD
Member of the National Assembly
for Alpes-Maritimes's 1st constituency
Incumbent
Assumed office
20 June 2007
Preceded byJérôme Rivière
President of the Departmental Council
of Alpes-Maritimes
In office
18 December 2008 – 15 September 2017
Preceded byChristian Estrosi
Succeeded byCharles Ange Ginésy
Personal details
Born (1965-09-28) 28 September 1965 (age 59)
Nice, France
Political partyUnion of the Right for the Republic (2012–present)
Other political
affiliations		Rally for the Republic (1981–2002)
Union for a Popular Movement (2002–2015)
The Republicans (2015–2024)
SpouseCaroline Magne
Children3
Alma materSciences Po

Éric Ciotti (French: [eʁik sjɔti] ⓘ or [eʁik tʃɔti] ⓘ, Italian: [ˈtʃɔtti]; born 28 September 1965) is a French politician who led The Republicans (LR) from 2022 to 2024. He has represented Alpes-Maritimes's 1st constituency in the National Assembly since the 2007 legislative election. Once a member of The Republicans' right-wing, he was seeking to distance the party from Emmanuel Macron's presidency.[1][2] He left The Republicans in 2024, and is now the leader of the Union of the Right for the Republic (UDR) party and parliamentary group.[3]

Ciotti briefly served as First Deputy Mayor of Nice under Mayor Christian Estrosi in 2008, before he assumed the presidency of the Departmental Council of Alpes-Maritimes from 2008 to 2017.[4] He sought the party's nomination for the 2022 presidential election at its 2021 congress; he unexpectedly placed first in the first round of voting,[5] but was defeated by centre-right candidate Valérie Pécresse in the second round.[6] In December 2022, following Pécresse's historic loss in the presidential election, he was elected president of The Republicans, placing first in the first round and winning the second round against Senator Bruno Retailleau, with whom he has worked closely since he took office as leader.[1]

In June 2024, after attempting to forge an electoral alliance with the far-right National Rally ahead of the snap election, he was unanimously, though contentiously, removed from his position as president by the party leadership, a move he described as "illegal".[7] On 14 June, a Paris court invalidated the removal of Ciotti from the party presidency.[8] This led to an unprecedent leadership crisis within the party, which culminated in Ciotti creating his own parliamentary group, the UDR, named after his Union of the Right for the Republic (UDR).

Political career

[edit]

Early career in local politics

[edit]

Ciotti was elected to the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes in 2008 in Saint-Martin-Vésubie following the resignation of incumbent councillor Gaston Franco. He was elected by his peers to the body's presidency the same year, succeeding Nice Mayor Christian Estrosi. Ciotti had previously failed to be elected in the canton of Nice-1 in the 2008 cantonal election, having been defeated by incumbent Socialist Marc Concas. Following the 2015 departmental election, in which he was elected in Tourrette-Levens, the Departmental Council of Alpes-Maritimes replaced the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes. After the adoption of a new law organising cumul des mandats restrictions, Ciotti resigned the presidency in 2017 while keeping his councillor mandate.

Member of the National Assembly, 2007–present

[edit]
Nice Mayor Christian Estrosi and Éric Ciotti in 2011

Ciotti was elected to the National Assembly during the 2007 election; he was reelected in 2012 and 2017. In Parliament, Ciotti has been serving on the Committee on Legal Affairs since 2007.[9] Since 2017, he has also been a quaestor and therefore part of the Assembly's Bureau in the 15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, under the leadership of president Richard Ferrand. He recently recognized having had an affair with Nadine Morano while in office.[10]

Ahead of the UMP's 2012 leadership election, Ciotti managed François Fillon's campaign.[11] When Fillon's opponent Jean-François Copé eventually won, Ciotti was one of more than 50 party members who threatened to form a new centre-right caucus within the UMP parliamentary group under the leadership of Fillon.[12] In September 2014, Ciotti joined Fillon, Étienne Blanc, Pierre Lellouche and Valérie Pécresse on an official trip to Iraq.[13]

Ahead of The Republicans' 2016 primaries, Ciotti managed former President Nicolas Sarkozy's campaign for the presidential nomination, alongside Catherine Vautrin.[14] Also in 2016, he formally requested that prosecutors investigate President François Hollande over a potential breach of security allowing revelations that Hollande disclosed classified information to journalists.[14]

Amid the Fillon affair, Ciotti succeeded Gérald Darmanin as deputy of the Republicans' secretary general Bernard Accoyer[15] and subsequently became a vocal defender of Fillon as the party's candidate for the 2017 presidential election. When magistrates put Fillon under formal investigation on suspicion of embezzling state funds, Ciotti publicly state "I trust and support Francois Fillon more than ever".[16][17] When Fillon called on members to vote for Emmanuel Macron in the second round of the election against Marine Le Pen, Ciotti refused to endorse Macron.[18]

In The Republicans' 2017 leadership election, Ciotti endorsed Laurent Wauquiez.[19] In 2018, Wauquiez included him in his shadow cabinet; in this capacity, he served as opposition counterpart to Minister of the Interior Christophe Castaner.[20][21] In 2020, Ciotti became the Parliament's rapporteur on how the government handled the COVID-19 pandemic in France.[22] In 2021, Ciotti announced his intention to run as The Republicans's candidate in the 2022 presidential election.[23][24] Ciotti narrowly placed first at the 2021 The Republicans congress and proceeded to the primary second round, in which he was defeated by Valérie Pécresse.[5]

Ciotti retained his seat in the second round of the 2024 French legislative election.[25]

Leader of The Republicans, alliance crisis and departure

[edit]

To the Right! (French: À Droite !, ÀD!), is a movement within The Republicans. The movement was founded by Ciotti during the 2021 The Republicans congress.[26] Ciotti was elected with 53.7% of the votes against his main opponent, Bruno Retailleau, who received 46.3% to become the next leader of The Republicans.[27] He ruled out a formal alliance with Macron's minority government in parliament, although he was open to negotiate a pension reform.[28]

Main article: 2024 The Republicans alliance crisis

Ciotti was voted out as leader of the party on 12 June 2024 over his decision to seek an alliance with the far-right National Rally[29] and was "unanimously" removed from the party, according to Annie Genevard.[30][31] A Paris court reviewed the decision on 14 June and ruled in Ciotti's favor.[32] His alliance with the RN was labeled the Union of the Far-Right.

On 22 September 2024, Ciotti announced he would leave The Republicans, fully committing himself to his Union of the Right for the Republic (UDR) party.[33]

Political positions

[edit]
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Ciotti has largely been described as right-wing and of belonging in the right-wing populist faction of The Republicans.[1][2]

Economic policy

[edit]

On economic issues, Ciotti defends, as part of his candidacy for the primary of his party for the presidential election of 2022, the elimination of 250,000 positions in the civil service, the return to 39 hours as the legal duration of working time, raising the retirement age to 65, the lowering of corporate taxes, the abolition of inheritance tax as well as the reduction of unemployment benefits and social assistance.[34]

During the protests against Emmanuel Macron's pension reforms, Ciotti's office in Nice was attacked. According to a photo posted by Ciotti to his Twitter account, the front window of the office had been broken with a paving stone and vandals wrote "the motion or the stone", in reference to an upcoming vote in the National Assembly. Protests against pension measures have taken place across the country, affecting various industries.[35]

European policy

[edit]

In 2019, Ciotti successfully added an amendment to an education bill to make it mandatory for classrooms to display both a French and European Union flag in all classrooms.[36]

Foreign policy

[edit]

During his presidential campaign in 2021, Ciotti argued that France should reassert itself by leaving NATO's integrated command.[37] He claims an "immense admiration" for the state of Israel and wants the recognition of Jerusalem as the unified capital of that country, as well as the transfer of the French embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, in order to "break with a form of diplomatic tradition that is globally pro-Arab" of France.[38]

Security and immigration policy

[edit]

In 2020, Ciotti proposed a bill to the National Assembly which would prohibit the dissemination of images depicting functions of the national police, municipal police, military and customs officers; with a maximum penalty of 15,000 euros and a year in prison for violators.[39]

For the Marianne magazine, Ciotti joined Marine Le Pen's positions on security, identity, immigration and Islamism, sharing with her "an ethnic and identity-based vision of the nation". He thus proposes to change the nationality code in order to abolish the jus soli in favour of the jus sanguinis alone, to include in the Constitution "our Christian origins", as well as to accentuate security policies (creation of 100,000 additional prison places, lowering of the criminal majority to 16 years, suppression of family allowances to "parents of children who do not respect the values of the Republic").

In 2021, he stated "our society is changing, if we have to talk about 'great replacement', I talk about 'replacement'".[40][41]

In the face of Islamic terrorism, he advocated the creation of a "French-style Guantanamo" and the adoption of "specially adapted laws, like the Patriot Act in the United States.[42]

Relations with the far-right

[edit]

In April 2021, Ciotti stated that "what differentiates [The Republicans] from the National Rally is our capacity to govern".[43] In September 2021, Ciotti declared that if the second round of the French presidential election ended up being between Emmanuel Macron and Éric Zemmour, he would vote for the latter.[44] Later that year, Renaud Muselier, the President of the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur left the Republicans, saying that Ciotti was "conveying the ideas of Éric Zemmour within LR".[45]

Ahead of the 2024 French legislative election, he called for The Republicans to enter into an electoral alliance with the National Rally.[46] He was expelled from the party in response.[47] This decision was subsequently recognised as illegal by the Judiciary Tribunal of Paris, re-instating him.[48]

Following the election, Ciotti said in an interview with Le Figaro that he was proud to have broken the “artificial” taboo against working with the far right and predicted that the “vast majority of people on the right” would follow the same path.[49]

Other activities

[edit]
  • French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), Member of the Board of Directors.[50]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Right-winger Ciotti wins French conservative party leadership". Reuters. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b "French Republicans to shift further right under Ciotti". Emerald Expert Briefings. oxan–db (oxan–db). 1 January 2022. doi:10.1108/OXAN-DB274688. ISSN 2633-304X.
  3. ^ "Eric Ciotti annonce quitter Les Républicains, après plusieurs mois de bataille juridique pour rester à sa présidence" (in French). 22 September 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  4. ^ "LISTE DÉFINITIVE DES DÉPUTÉS ÉLUS À L'ISSUE DES DEUX TOURS" (in French). National Assembly. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  5. ^ a b "Hard-right French MP tops Les Républicains party's presidential primary". the Guardian. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  6. ^ "'The right is back': Gaullists pick female candidate Valérie Pécresse to take on Macron". the Guardian. 4 December 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  7. ^ "France's conservative Republicans kick out party chief Ciotti". reuters.com. Reuters. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  8. ^ "Paris court overturns decision to expel Ciotti as head of France's right-wing Les Républicains". France 24. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  9. ^ Éric Ciotti, National Assembly.
  10. ^ "Eric Ciotti dans le Grand Rendez-Vous Europe 1 Cnews du 12 décembre 2021 (intégrale)". Europe 1 – via YouTube.
  11. ^ Nicholas Vinocur, Sophie Louet and Natalie Huet (21 November 2012) Fillon cries foul anew in French right leadership bid Reuters.
  12. ^ Catherine Bremer (27 November 2012) French conservatives slip further into crisis Reuters.
  13. ^ Brune Jeudy (31 August 2014) Fillon en Irak pour soutenir les chrétiens d'Orient Le Journal du Dimanche.
  14. ^ a b Anne-Sylvaine Chassany (7 November 2016) French right calls for François Hollande's impeachment Financial Times.
  15. ^ Jean-Baptiste Garat (4 April 2017), Éric Ciotti prend du galon chez Les Républicains Le Figaro.
  16. ^ Simon Carraud and Brian Love (14 March 2017) France's Fillon under formal investigation for fraud ahead of election Reuters.
  17. ^ Jean-Baptiste Vey and Ingrid Melander (26 March 2017) France's Fillon 'very likely' wiretapped, ally says Reuters.
  18. ^ Paul Chaulet (24 April 2017), Guaino, Ciotti, Sens Commun... cette droite qui n'appelle pas à voter Macron L'Express.
  19. ^ Ludovic Vigogne (11 October 2017), La liste des 136 parrains de Laurent Wauquiez L'Opinion.
  20. ^ Olivier Faye (21 November 2018), Laurent Wauquiez dévoile (enfin) son « shadow cabinet » Le Monde.
  21. ^ Nicolas Berrod (21 November 2018), Laurent Wauquiez inaugure son «gouvernement fantôme» Le Parisien.
  22. ^ Chloé Hecketsweiler and Solenn de Royer (30 June 2020), Eric Ciotti, rapporteur patient et méticuleux de la commission d'enquête sanitaire Le Monde.
  23. ^ Grégoire Poussielgue (26 August 2021), Présidentielle 2022 : Wauquiez renonce, Ciotti et Barnier se lancent Les Echos.
  24. ^ Victor Mallet (27 August 2021), Michel Barnier makes bid for French presidency Financial Times.
  25. ^ "Controversial right-wing party leader Eric Ciotti announces his re-election in parliamentary elections". France 24. 7 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  26. ^ "À Droite avec Eric Ciotti - Le Mouvement". À Droite avec Eric Ciotti - Le Mouvement (in French). Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  27. ^ "France's conservative Républicains elect new leader to revive political fortunes". RFI. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  28. ^ "Pension reform: on the right, Eric Ciotti tries to unite his troops". Globe Echo. 20 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  29. ^ "France's rightwing Les Républicains vote out leader Éric Ciotti over election pact with far right". France 24. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  30. ^ "France's conservative Republicans kick out party chief Ciotti". Reuters. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  31. ^ "France's Republicans party expel Ciotti over alliance with far right". euronews. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  32. ^ "Court suspends French right-wing leader Ciotti's expulsion from party". Le Monde. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  33. ^ "Eric Ciotti annonce quitter Les Républicains, après plusieurs mois de bataille juridique pour rester à sa présidence" (in French). 22 September 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  34. ^ "Ciotti dévoile son projet présidentiel "de rupture"". Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  35. ^ "Vandals attack French politician's office over pensions row". Associated Press. 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  36. ^ "French and European flags to fly in classrooms of schools in France". Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  37. ^ Rym Momtaz (15 October 2021), With a push from Poland, French politicians line up to bash EU Politico Europe.
  38. ^ "Éric Ciotti (LR) veut reconnaître Jérusalem comme capitale unifiée d'Israël", Le Figaro (in French), 12 October 2021.
  39. ^ Lausson, Julien (27 May 2020). "Éric Ciotti veut punir les personnes qui filment et diffusent des vidéos de policiers". www.numerama.com/. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  40. ^ "Avec Éric Ciotti, Le Pen bis candidat à la primaire de la droite", Marianne (in French), 26 August 2021.
  41. ^ "« Grand remplacement », « priorité nationale »… Eric Ciotti, à l’extrême de la droite", Nouvel Obs (in French), 9 November 2021.
  42. ^ "Congrès Les Républicains : Eric Ciotti souhaite un « Guantanamo à la française » pour lutter contre le terrorisme", Le Monde (in French), 10 November 2021.
  43. ^ "« Ce qui nous différencie du RN, c’est notre capacité à gouverner » : Ciotti fait polémique", Le Point (in French), 30 April 2021.
  44. ^ "Éric Ciotti : " Entre Macron et Zemmour, je le dis, je préfère Zemmour "". Public Senat (in French). 20 October 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  45. ^ Pierrer Maurer (29 October 2021), Renaud Muselier : «Je soutiens Xavier Bertrand pour le Congrès des Républicains» Le Figaro.
  46. ^ Kirby, Paul (11 June 2024). "French right uproar over call for far-right alliance". BBC News. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  47. ^ Kirby, Paul (12 June 2024). "French right ditch leader over far-right alliance deal". BBC News. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  48. ^ "Les Républicains : l'exclusion d'Éric Ciotti invalidée par la justice en référé, en attendant une décision 'au fond' | LCP - Assemblée nationale". lcp.fr. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  49. ^ "En direct, présidence de l'Assemblée nationale". Le Monde.fr (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  50. ^ Board of Directors French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA).
[edit]

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