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{{short description|Monetary unit in many national currencies}}
{{Short description|Monetary unit in many national currencies}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2022}}
[[File:US One Cent Obv.png|right|thumb|95px|A United States one-cent coin, also known as a [[Penny (United States coin)|penny]]]]In many national [[currency|currencies]], the '''cent''', commonly represented by the cent sign (a [[Letter case|minuscule letter]] '''c''' crossed by a [[Bar (diacritic)|stroke]] line: '''¢'''; or a simple '''c''') is a [[money|monetary]] [[Units of measurement|unit]] that equals {{frac|1|100}} of the basic monetary unit. [[Etymology|Etymologically]], the word ''cent'' derives from the [[Latin]] word ''centum'' meaning [[100 (number)|hundred]].
[[File:US One Cent Obv.png |right|thumb|upright 0.5|A United States one-cent coin, also known as a [[Penny (United States coin)|penny]].]]


The '''cent''' is a [[money|monetary]] [[Units of measurement|unit]] of many national [[currency|currencies]] that equals a [[hundredth]] ({{frac|100}}) of the basic monetary unit. The word derives from the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|centum}}, '[[100 (number)|hundred]]'.
'''Cent''' also refers to a [[coin]] worth 1 cent. In the United States, the 1¢ coin is generally a.k.a. "[[penny]]", alluding to the British coin and unit of that name. In Canada, production of the 1¢ coin was ended in 2012.

The '''cent sign''' is commonly a simple [[Letter case|minuscule]] (lower case) letter {{char|c}}. In North America, the c is crossed by a diagonal or vertical [[Bar (diacritic)|stroke]] (depending on [[typeface]]), yielding the character {{char|¢}}.

The [[Penny (United States coin)|United States one cent coin]] is generally known by the nickname "[[penny]]", alluding to the [[Penny (British pre-decimal coin)|British coin]] and unit of that name. Australia ended production of [[Australian one-cent coin|their 1c coin]] in 1990,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=One Cent |url=https://www.ramint.gov.au/one-cent |access-date=29 November 2024 |website=www.ramint.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> New Zealand last produced [[New Zealand one-cent coin|their 1c coin]] in 1988,<ref>{{Cite web |title=1 Cent - Elizabeth II, New Zealand |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces5214.html |access-date=29 November 2024 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Penny (Canadian coin)|as did Canada]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1 Cent - Elizabeth II, Canada |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces421.html |access-date=29 November 2024 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1 Cent - Elizabeth II, Canada |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces19977.html |access-date=29 November 2024 |website=en.numista.com |language=en}}</ref> Some [[Eurozone]] countries ended production of the [[1 euro cent coin]], most recently Slovakia in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|first1=|last1=|access-date=31 December 2023|title=Po 1. júli 2022 budú končiť na Slovensku jedno a dvojcentové mince |url=https://www.bystricoviny.sk/spravy/po-1-juli-2022-budu-koncit-na-slovensku-jedno-a-dvojcentove-mince/|date=29 May 2017|website=www.bystricoviny.sk|language=sk}}</ref>


==Symbol==
==Symbol==
{{Redirect|¢|the musical symbol|cut time}}
{{Redirect|¢|the musical symbol|cut time}}
{{Infobox currency sign
{{Infobox currency sign
|mark=¢/c
|mark = ¢ c
|currency = various
|currency = various
|unicode={{unichar|00A2|cent sign|html=}}
|unicode = {{unichar|00A2|cent sign|html=}}<br />{{unichar|0063|Latin small letter c|html=}}
<br>{{unichar|0063|Latin small letter c|html=}}
|see also = {{unichar|FFE0|Fullwidth cent sign|html=}}
|see also ={{unichar|FFE0|Fullwidth cent sign|html=}} <br>
}}
}}
The cent may be represented by the cent sign, written in various ways according to national convention and [[font]] choice. Most commonly seen forms are a [[Letter case|minuscule letter]] ''c'' crossed by a [[Bar (diacritic)|stroke]], with a tick above and below, or by a simple ''c'', depending on the currency (''see [[#Usage|below]]''). Cent amounts from 1-99 can be represented as one or two digits (20c, 80¢, 90c), or as a subdivision of the base unit (£0.2, $0.8, €0.9). In some countries, longer abbreviations like "ct." are used. Languages that use other alphabets have their own abbreviations and conventions.
The cent may be represented by the cent sign, written in various ways according to the national convention and [[font]] choice. Most commonly seen forms are a [[Letter case|minuscule letter]] ''c'' crossed by a diagonal [[Bar (diacritic)|stroke]], a vertical line, a simple ''c'', depending on the currency (''see [[#Usage|below]]''). Cent amounts from 1 to 99 can be represented as one or two digits followed by the appropriate abbreviation (2¢, 5c, 75¢, 99c), or as a subdivision of the base unit ($0.75, €0.99). In some countries, longer abbreviations like "ct." are used. Languages that use other alphabets have their own abbreviations and conventions.


The cent symbol has largely fallen into disuse since the mid-20th century as inflation has resulted in very few things being priced in cents in any currency. It was included on US [[typewriter keyboard]]s, but has not been adopted on computers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Demise of the ¢ Sign |last=Anderson |first=Charlie |website=charlieanderson.com |date=13 November 2003 |url=http://www.charlieanderson.com/centsign.htm |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=22 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822162942/http://www.charlieanderson.com/centsign.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The cent sign appeared as the shift of the 6 key on American manual typewriters, but that position has been taken over by the [[caret]] on computer keyboards. The character (offset 162) can still be created in most common [[code page]]s, including [[Unicode]] and [[Windows-1252]]:
* On [[DOS]]- or [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]-based computers, {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} is held while typing {{key press|0}}{{key press|1}}{{key press|6}}{{key press|2}} or {{key press|1}}{{key press|5}}{{key press|5}} on the [[numeric keypad]].<ref>See [[Alt code]] for more information.</ref> If there is no numeric keypad, as on many laptops, {{key press|A}}{{key press|2}} is typed in [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] [[Wordpad]] followed by {{keypress|Alt|X}} and [[Cut, copy, and paste|copy/paste]] the resulting ¢ into the target document. For the US International keyboard <Right Alt> <Shift> c is typed (Windows).
* On [[Macintosh]] systems, {{key press|[[Option key|Option]]}} is held and {{key press|4}} on the number row is pressed.
* On [[Unix]]/[[Linux]] systems with a [[compose key]], {{key press|Compose|{{!}}|C}} and {{key press|Compose|/|C}} are typical sequences.


===North American cent sign===
When written in English, the cent sign (¢/c) follows the amount (with no space between){{mdash}}for example, 20¢/$0.20 or 2c/€0.02.{{Citation Needed|date=January 2020}}
The cent sign appeared as the shift of the 6 keys on American manual typewriters, but the [[circumflex#Freestanding circumflex|freestanding circumflex]] on computer keyboards has taken over that position. The character (offset 162) can still be created in most common [[code page]]s, including [[Unicode]] and [[Windows-1252]]:
* On DOS- or Windows-based computers with a numeric keypad, {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} can be held while typing {{key press|0|1|6|2|chain=}} or {{key press|1|5|5|chain=}} on the keypad. See {{section link|Unicode_input#In_Microsoft_Windows}} for techniques involving the hexadecimal [[code point]] {{code|A2}} that can be used when there is no numeric keypad, as on many laptops. For the US International keyboard {{Keypress|Right Alt|Shift|C|chain=}} can be typed.
* On Mac systems, {{key press|[[Option key|Option]]}} can be held and {{key press|4}} on the number row pressed.
* On Unix/Linux systems with a [[compose key]], {{key press|Compose|{{!}}|C}} and {{key press|Compose|/|C}} are typical sequences.

===Orthography===
When written in English and Mexican Spanish, the cent sign (¢ or c) follows the amount (with no space between){{mdash}}for example, 2¢ and $0.02, or 2c and €0.02. Conventions in other languages may vary.


==Usage==
==Usage==
{{Coin image box 1 double
{{Coin image box 1 double
| header = 0.5¢ by [[East India Company]] (1845).
| header = [[East India Company]] half cent (1845).
| image = File:Half cents (1845).jpg
| image = File:Half cents (1845).jpg
| caption_left = '''Obverse''': Crowned head left with lettering [[Queen Victoria]]
| caption_left = '''Obverse''': Crowned head left with lettering [[Queen Victoria]]
| caption_right = '''Reverse''': Face value. I , year and "[[East India Company]]" inscribed outside [[wreath]].
| caption_right = '''Reverse''': Face value, year and "[[East India Company]]" inscribed inside [[wreath]].
| width = 250
| width = 250
| footer = 18,737,498 coins minted in 1845.
| footer = 18,737,498 coins minted in 1845.
| position = right
| position = right
| margin = 0
| margin = 0
}}
}}
[[File:Russia-Coin-0.01-2007-a.png|right|thumb|95px|A [[Russian ruble|Russian one-kopek coin]]]]Examples of currencies around the world ft. centesimal ({{frac|1|100}}) units called ''¢'', or related words from the same root, are:


===Minor currency units called ''cent'' or similar names===
* [[Argentine peso]]
Examples of currencies around the world featuring centesimal ({{frac|1|100}}) units called ''cent'', or related words from the same root such as ''[[céntimo]]'', ''[[centesimo|centésimo]]'', ''[[centavo]]'' or ''sen'', are:
* [[Aruban florin]]

* [[Australian dollar]]
* [[Argentine peso]] (as ''centavo'')
* [[Aruban florin]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 5 cents.
* [[Australian dollar]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 5 cents.
* [[Barbadian dollar]]
* [[Barbadian dollar]]
* [[Bahamian dollar]]
* [[Bahamian dollar]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 5 cents.
* [[Belize dollar]]
* [[Belize dollar]]
* [[Bermudian dollar]]
* [[Bermudian dollar]]
* [[Bolivian boliviano]]
* [[Bolivian boliviano]] (as ''centavo''), but all circulating coins are in multiples of 10 centavos
* [[Brazilian real]]
* [[Brazilian real]] (as ''centavo'')
* [[Brunei dollar]] (as ''sen'')
* [[Brunei dollar]] (as ''sen'')
* [[Cambodian riel]] (as ''sen'')
* [[Canadian dollar]]
* [[Canadian dollar]]
* [[Cayman Islands dollar]]
* [[Cayman Islands dollar]]
* [[Chilean peso]]. ¢ officially exist and are considered in financial transactions; however, there are no current ¢-denominated coins.
* [[Chilean peso]] (as ''centavo''). Centavos officially exist and are considered in financial transactions, but there are no current centavo-denominated coins.
*[[Colombian peso]]
* [[Colombian peso]] (as ''centavo'')
*[[Cook Islands dollar]] (''cent'', although some 50¢ coins are marked "50 ''tene''")
* [[Cook Islands dollar]] (''cent'', although some 50 cent coins are marked "50 ''tene''")
* [[Cuban peso]]
* [[Cuban peso]] (as ''centavo'')
* [[East Caribbean dollar]]
* [[East Caribbean dollar]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 5 cents.
* [[Eritrean nakfa]]
* [[Eritrean nakfa]]
* [[Estonian kroon]] (as ''sent'')
* [[Estonian kroon]] (as ''sent'')
* [[Ethiopian birr]] (as ''santim'')
* [[Euro]]&nbsp;– the coins bear the text "Euro cent". Greek coins have ΛΕΠΤΑ/λεπτα ("lepta") on the obverse. The actual [[Linguistic issues concerning the euro|usage]] varies depending on the language.
* [[Euro]]&nbsp;– the coins bear the text "euro cent". Greek coins have ΛΕΠΤΟ ("[[Greek lepton|lepto]]") on the obverse of the one-cent coin and ΛΕΠΤΑ ("lepta") on the obverse of the others. The actual [[Linguistic issues concerning the euro|usage]] varies depending on the language.
* [[Fijian dollar]]
* [[Fijian dollar]]
* [[Guyanese dollar]]
* [[Guyanese dollar]], but there are no circulating coins with a value below one dollar.
* [[Hong Kong dollar]], however all circulating coins are in multiples of 10¢
* [[Hong Kong dollar]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 10 cents.
* [[Indonesian rupiah]] (as ''sen'')
* [[Indonesian rupiah]] (as ''sen;'' last coin minted was 50 cents in 1961, last cents printed as banknotes in 1964 which were demonetized in 1996 save for the 1 cent)
* [[Jamaican dollar]]
* [[Jamaican dollar]], but there are no circulating coins with a value below one dollar.
* [[Kenyan shilling]]
* [[Kenyan shilling]]
* [[Lesotho loti]] (as ''sente'')
* [[Lesotho loti]] (as ''sente'')
* [[Liberian dollar]]
* [[Liberian dollar]]
* [[Malaysian ringgit]] (as ''sen'')
* [[Lithuanian litas]] (as ''centas'')
* [[Macanese pataca]] (as ''avo''), but all circulating coins are in multiples of 10 avos.
* [[Malaysian ringgit]] (as ''sen''), but all circulating coins are in multiples of 5 sen.
* [[Mauritian rupee]]
* [[Mauritian rupee]]
* [[Mexican peso]]
* [[Mexican peso]] (as ''centavo'')
* [[Moroccan dirham]] (as ''santim'')
* [[Moroccan dirham]] (as ''santim'')
* [[Namibian dollar]]
* [[Namibian dollar]]
* [[Netherlands Antillean gulden]]
* [[Netherlands Antillean guilder]]
* [[New Zealand dollar]]
* [[New Zealand dollar]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 10 cents.
* [[Panamanian balboa]]
* [[Panamanian balboa]] (as ''centésimo'')
* [[Peruvian nuevo sol]]
* [[Peruvian sol]] (as ''céntimo'')
* [[Philippine peso]]
* [[Philippine peso]] (as ''sentimo'' or ''centavo'')
* [[Seychellois rupee]]
* [[Seychellois rupee]]
* [[Sierra Leonean leone]]
* [[Sierra Leonean leone]]
* [[Singapore dollar]]
* [[Singapore dollar]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 5 cents.
* [[South African rand]]
* [[South African rand]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 10 cents.
* [[Sri Lankan rupee]]
* [[Sri Lankan rupee]]
* [[Surinamese dollar]]
* [[Surinamese dollar]]
* [[Swazi lilangeni]]
* [[Swazi lilangeni]]
* [[New Taiwan dollar]]
* [[New Taiwan dollar]], but all circulating coins are in multiples of 50 cents.
* [[Tanzanian shilling]]
* [[Tanzanian shilling]]
* [[Tongan paʻanga]] (as ''seniti'')
* [[Tongan paʻanga]] (as ''seniti'')
* [[Trinidad and Tobago dollar]]
* [[Trinidad and Tobago dollar]]
* [[United States dollar]]
* [[United States dollar]]
* [[Uruguayan peso]]
* [[Uruguayan peso]] (as ''centésimo'')
* [[Zimbabwean dollar]]
* [[Zimbabwean ZiG]]


===Minor currency units with other names===
Examples of currencies featuring centesimal ({{frac|1|100}}) units not called ''cent''
Examples of currencies featuring centesimal ({{frac|1|100}}) units not called ''cent''
{|class="wikitable"
* [[Pound sterling|British pound]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Penny sterling|pence]] (singular: penny) since 1971
!width=250pt|Major unit
* [[Bulgarian lev]] (as ''stotinka'', [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]: ''стотинка'' ("hundredth")
!width=250pt|Divided into
* [[Chinese Yuan]]/[[Renminbi]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Fen (currency)|fēn]] (分); in general usage, divided into 10 jiǎo (角).
|-
* [[Croatian kuna]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[lipa (currency)|lipa]]
| [[Bhutanese ngultrum]]|| 100 chhertum
* [[Danish krone]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[øre]]
|-
* [[Estonian mark]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Estonian mark|penni]] (nominative: penn)
| [[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark]]|| 100 [[Pfennig|pfeniga]]
* [[Indian rupee]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[paise]]
|-
* [[Israeli new shekel]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Israeli agora|agorot]]
| [[Botswanan pula]]|| 100 thebe
* [[Macanese pataca|Macao pataca]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Macanese pataca|avos]], however all circulating coins are in multiples of 10 avos
|-
* [[Macedonian denar]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Macedonian denar|deni]]
| [[Pound sterling|British pound]]|| 100 pence (singular: penny) since [[Decimal Day]], 1971
* [[Mongolian tögrög]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 möngö
|-
* [[Norwegian krone]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[øre]]
| [[Bulgarian lev]]||100 ''stotinki''<br />Cyrillic: ''стотинки''<br />("hundredths")
* [[Pakistani rupee]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[paise]]
|-
* [[Polish złoty]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Grosh|groszy]] (singular: grosz)
* [[Romanian leu|Romanian]] and [[Moldovan leu]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 bani
| [[Renminbi|Chinese yuan]]|| 100 [[Fen (currency)|fēn]] (分); in general usage, divided into 10 jiǎo (角).
|-
* [[Russian ruble]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Ruble|kopeks]]
* [[Saudi riyal]];– divided into 100 [[Saudi riyal|halalas]]
| [[Croatian kuna]]|| 100 [[lipa (currency)|lipa]]
|-
* [[Serbian dinar]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[Para (currency)|paras]]
* [[Swedish krona]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[öre]]
| [[Danish krone]]|| 100 [[øre]]
|-
* [[Swiss franc]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[rappen]] (known as [[centime]] in French and [[centesimo]] in Italian)
* [[Thai baht]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[satang]]
| [[Egyptian pound]]|| 100 [[piastre]]s
|-
* [[Turkish Lira]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[kuruş]]
| [[Estonian mark]]|| 100 [[Estonian mark|penni]] (singular: penn)
* [[United Arab Emirates dirham]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 [[fils (currency)|fils]]
|-
* [[Ukrainian hryvnia|Ukrainian hrywnia]]&nbsp;– divided into 100 kopijkas.
| [[Gambian dalasi]]|| 100 bututs
|-
| [[Ghanaian cedi]]|| 100 pesewas
|-
| [[Indian rupee]]|| 100 [[paise]]
|-
| [[Israeli new shekel]]|| 100 [[Israeli agora|agorot]]
|-
| [[Macanese pataca|Macau pataca]]|| 100 [[Macanese pataca|avos]]; circulating coins are 10, 20, and 50 avos.
|-
| [[Macedonian denar]]|| 100 [[Macedonian denar|deni]]
|-
| [[Malawian kwacha]]|| 100 tambala
|-
| [[Mongolian tögrög]]|| 100 möngö
|-
|-
| [[Nepalese rupee]]|| 100 [[paisa]]
|-
| [[Pakistani rupee]]|| 100 [[paise]]
|-
| [[Papua New Guinean kina]]|| 100 toea
|-
| [[Polish złoty]]||100 [[Grosh|groszy]] (singular: grosz)
|-
| [[Qatari riyal]]||100 [[dirham]]s
|-
| [[Romanian leu|Romanian]] and [[Moldovan leu]]|| 100 bani
|-
| [[Russian ruble]]|| 100 [[Ruble|kopeks]]
|-
| [[Saudi riyal]]|| 100 [[Saudi riyal|halalas]]
|-
| [[Serbian dinar]]|| 100 [[Para (currency)|paras]]
|-
| [[Swedish krona]]|| 100 [[öre]]
|-
| [[Swiss franc]]|| German: 100 [[Rappen]]<br />French: 100 [[centime]]s<br />Italian: 100 [[centesimo|centesimi]]<br />Romansch: 100 raps
|-
| [[Thai baht]]||100 [[satang]]
|-
| [[Turkish lira]]|| 100 [[kuruş]]
|-
| [[United Arab Emirates dirham]]||100 [[fils (currency)|fils]]
|-
| [[Ukrainian hryvnia]]|| 100 kopiykas
|-
| [[Zambian kwacha]]|| 100 ngwee
|}


Examples of currencies which formerly featured centesimal ({{frac|1|100}}) units:
===Obsolete centesimal currency units===
Examples of currencies which formerly featured centesimal ({{frac|1|100}}) units but now have no fractional denomination in circulation:
* [[Costa Rican colón]]&nbsp;– no fractional denomination in circulation since the 1980s, formerly divided into 100 céntimos.
{|class="wikitable"
* [[Czech koruna]]&nbsp;– no fractional denomination in circulation, formerly divided into 100 [[Heller (money)|hellers]]
!width=180pt|Major unit
* [[Hungarian forint]]&nbsp;– formerly divided into 100 [[fillér]], the last fillér coin was removed from circulation in 1999, but it continues to be used in calculation, i.e. for petrol. Fillér was also used as the centesimal unit for the currencies preceding the forint: the [[Hungarian pengő]], the [[Hungarian korona]] and the [[Austro-Hungarian krone]].
!width=250pt|Formerly divided into
* [[Icelandic króna]]&nbsp;– no fractional denomination in circulation, formerly divided into 100 eyrir.
|-
* [[Japanese yen]]&nbsp;– no fractional denomination in circulation, formerly divided into 100 sen and 1000 rin.
|[[Costa Rican colón]]||(until the 1980s) 100 céntimos
* [[South Korean Won]] no fractional denomination in circulation, formerly divided into 100 jeon.
|-
* [[Ugandan shilling]]&nbsp;– no fractional denomination in circulation since 2013, formerly divided into 100 cents.
|[[Czech koruna]]||100 [[Heller (money)|haléřů]]
|-
|[[Hungarian forint]]||(until 1999) 100 [[fillér]]
|-
|[[Icelandic króna]]||100 eyrir (singular ''aurar'')
|-
|[[Japanese yen]]||100 sen
|-
| [[Norwegian krone]]||100 [[øre]]
|-
|[[South Korean won]]||100 jeon
|-
|[[Swedish krona]]||(until 2010) 100 [[öre]]
|-
|[[Ugandan shilling]]||(until 2013) 100 cents.
|}

Examples of currencies which use the cent symbol for other purposes:
* [[Costa Rican colón]]&nbsp;– The common symbol '¢' is frequently used locally to represent '₡', the proper colón designation
* [[Ghanaian cedi]]&nbsp;– The common symbol '¢' is sometimes used to represent '₵', the proper cedi designation


==See also==
==See also==
Line 128: Line 212:


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{reflist}}


{{Cent (currency)}}
{{Cent (currency)}}
{{Currency signs}}
{{Currency signs}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cent (currency)| ]]
[[Category:Denominations (currency)]]
[[Category:Denominations (currency)]]
[[Category:Cent (currency)| ]]
[[Category:Currency symbols]]
[[Category:Currency symbols]]

Latest revision as of 08:55, 29 November 2024

A United States one-cent coin, also known as a penny.

The cent is a monetary unit of many national currencies that equals a hundredth (1⁄100) of the basic monetary unit. The word derives from the Latin centum, 'hundred'.

The cent sign is commonly a simple minuscule (lower case) letter c. In North America, the c is crossed by a diagonal or vertical stroke (depending on typeface), yielding the character ¢.

The United States one cent coin is generally known by the nickname "penny", alluding to the British coin and unit of that name. Australia ended production of their 1c coin in 1990,[1] New Zealand last produced their 1c coin in 1988,[2] as did Canada in 2012.[3][4] Some Eurozone countries ended production of the 1 euro cent coin, most recently Slovakia in 2022.[5]

Symbol

[edit]
"¢" redirects here. For the musical symbol, see cut time.
¢ c
Cent (currency)
In UnicodeU+00A2 ¢ CENT SIGN (&cent;)
U+0063 c LATIN SMALL LETTER C
Currency
Currencyvarious
Related
See alsoU+FFE0 ￠ FULLWIDTH CENT SIGN
Category

The cent may be represented by the cent sign, written in various ways according to the national convention and font choice. Most commonly seen forms are a minuscule letter c crossed by a diagonal stroke, a vertical line, a simple c, depending on the currency (see below). Cent amounts from 1 to 99 can be represented as one or two digits followed by the appropriate abbreviation (2¢, 5c, 75¢, 99c), or as a subdivision of the base unit ($0.75, €0.99). In some countries, longer abbreviations like "ct." are used. Languages that use other alphabets have their own abbreviations and conventions.

The cent symbol has largely fallen into disuse since the mid-20th century as inflation has resulted in very few things being priced in cents in any currency. It was included on US typewriter keyboards, but has not been adopted on computers.[6]

North American cent sign

[edit]

The cent sign appeared as the shift of the 6 keys on American manual typewriters, but the freestanding circumflex on computer keyboards has taken over that position. The character (offset 162) can still be created in most common code pages, including Unicode and Windows-1252:

  • On DOS- or Windows-based computers with a numeric keypad, Alt can be held while typing 0162 or 155 on the keypad. See Unicode input § In Microsoft Windows for techniques involving the hexadecimal code point A2 that can be used when there is no numeric keypad, as on many laptops. For the US International keyboard Right Alt⇧ ShiftC can be typed.
  • On Mac systems, ⌥ Option can be held and 4 on the number row pressed.
  • On Unix/Linux systems with a compose key, Compose+|+C and Compose+/+C are typical sequences.

Orthography

[edit]

When written in English and Mexican Spanish, the cent sign (¢ or c) follows the amount (with no space between)—for example, 2¢ and $0.02, or 2c and €0.02. Conventions in other languages may vary.

Usage

[edit]
East India Company half cent (1845).
Obverse: Crowned head left with lettering Queen Victoria Reverse: Face value, year and "East India Company" inscribed inside wreath.
18,737,498 coins minted in 1845.

Minor currency units called cent or similar names

[edit]

Examples of currencies around the world featuring centesimal (1⁄100) units called cent, or related words from the same root such as céntimo, centésimo, centavo or sen, are:

Minor currency units with other names

[edit]

Examples of currencies featuring centesimal (1⁄100) units not called cent

Major unit Divided into
Bhutanese ngultrum 100 chhertum
Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark 100 pfeniga
Botswanan pula 100 thebe
British pound 100 pence (singular: penny) since Decimal Day, 1971
Bulgarian lev 100 stotinki
Cyrillic: стотинки
("hundredths")
Chinese yuan 100 fēn (分); in general usage, divided into 10 jiǎo (角).
Croatian kuna 100 lipa
Danish krone 100 øre
Egyptian pound 100 piastres
Estonian mark 100 penni (singular: penn)
Gambian dalasi 100 bututs
Ghanaian cedi 100 pesewas
Indian rupee 100 paise
Israeli new shekel 100 agorot
Macau pataca 100 avos; circulating coins are 10, 20, and 50 avos.
Macedonian denar 100 deni
Malawian kwacha 100 tambala
Mongolian tögrög 100 möngö
Nepalese rupee 100 paisa
Pakistani rupee 100 paise
Papua New Guinean kina 100 toea
Polish złoty 100 groszy (singular: grosz)
Qatari riyal 100 dirhams
Romanian and Moldovan leu 100 bani
Russian ruble 100 kopeks
Saudi riyal 100 halalas
Serbian dinar 100 paras
Swedish krona 100 öre
Swiss franc German: 100 Rappen
French: 100 centimes
Italian: 100 centesimi
Romansch: 100 raps
Thai baht 100 satang
Turkish lira 100 kuruş
United Arab Emirates dirham 100 fils
Ukrainian hryvnia 100 kopiykas
Zambian kwacha 100 ngwee

Obsolete centesimal currency units

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Examples of currencies which formerly featured centesimal (1⁄100) units but now have no fractional denomination in circulation:

Major unit Formerly divided into
Costa Rican colón (until the 1980s) 100 céntimos
Czech koruna 100 haléřů
Hungarian forint (until 1999) 100 fillér
Icelandic króna 100 eyrir (singular aurar)
Japanese yen 100 sen
Norwegian krone 100 øre
South Korean won 100 jeon
Swedish krona (until 2010) 100 öre
Ugandan shilling (until 2013) 100 cents.

Examples of currencies which use the cent symbol for other purposes:

  • Costa Rican colón – The common symbol '¢' is frequently used locally to represent '₡', the proper colón designation
  • Ghanaian cedi – The common symbol '¢' is sometimes used to represent '₵', the proper cedi designation

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "One Cent". www.ramint.gov.au. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  2. ^ "1 Cent - Elizabeth II, New Zealand". en.numista.com. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  3. ^ "1 Cent - Elizabeth II, Canada". en.numista.com. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  4. ^ "1 Cent - Elizabeth II, Canada". en.numista.com. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  5. ^ "Po 1. júli 2022 budú končiť na Slovensku jedno a dvojcentové mince". www.bystricoviny.sk (in Slovak). 29 May 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  6. ^ Anderson, Charlie (13 November 2003). "The Demise of the ¢ Sign". charlieanderson.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
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