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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
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[[File:Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii (8259055880).jpg|thumb|Metal representation of pūloʻuloʻu outside the Kalakaua Crypt at the [[Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii]] at Mauna ʻAla]]
[[File:The Puloulou, or Tabu Mark (1888).jpg|thumb|Illustration of pūloʻuloʻu in King Kalākaua's book ''The Legends and Myths of Hawaii: The Fables and Folklore of a Strange People'', 1888]]
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'''Pūloʻuloʻu''' are symbols denoting the [[kapu]] of Hawaiian [[aliʻi]] (chiefs or royals) and symbolizing the deceased ancestors of the aliʻi. They are traditional symbols of authority which are used in modern times including the [[Seal of Hawaii|Seal of the State of Hawaii]].


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'''Pūloʻuloʻu''', often called "kapu sticks", are symbols denoting the [[Kapu (Hawaiian culture)|kapu]] of Hawaiian [[aliʻi]] (chiefs or royals) and symbolizing the deceased ancestors of the [[aliʻi]]. They are traditional symbols of authority which are used in modern times including the [[Seal of Hawaii|Seal of the State of Hawaii]].
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==History==
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Pūloʻuloʻu are often called "kapu sticks".<ref name="Kamehiro2009">{{cite book|last=Kamehiro|first=Stacy L.|title=The Arts of Kingship: Hawaiian Art and National Culture of the Kalākaua Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQCJ3NkS2ncC&pg=PA262|year=2009|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-3263-6|oclc=663885792|page=262}}</ref> It was made by wrapping bundles of [[kapa]] cloth on a stick. They were given ancestral names and place in areas of prominence. They represented the ancestors of an aliʻi who had died and return from Po (heaven). The round shape denoted the shape of stars as seen from the traditional Hawaiian perspective. They often contain the relics of deceased ancestors such as bones, teeth, hair and other important remains.<ref name="PW">{{cite web|author=Pacific Worlds|title=Pūloʻuloʻu|year=2003|work=Pacific Worlds|url=http://www.pacificworlds.com/nuuanu/memories/puloulou.cfm|accessdate=March 27, 2020}}</ref> Their use as symbols of the kapu was introduced by [[Paʻao]], a high priest (kahuna nui) from [[Kahiki]].<ref name="Gross2017">{{cite book|last=Gross|first=Jeffrey L.|title=Waipiʻo Valley: A Polynesian Journey from Eden to Eden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZouDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT426|year=2017|publisher=Xlibris US|location=Indiana|isbn=978-1-5245-3905-4|oclc=1124453477|page=426}}</ref>


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== History ==
The pūloʻuloʻu were often placed at the residence of the aliʻi, at a [[heiau]] (temple) and at the burial sites of the aliʻi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kanahele|first=George S.|authorlink=George Kanahele|title=Emma: Hawaii's Remarkable Queen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLtlBNRt_V4C|year=1999|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-2240-8|oclc=40890919|ref=|page=4}}</ref><ref name="Kalakaua1888">{{cite book|last=Kalākaua|first=David|authorlink=Kalākaua|editor-last=Daggett|editor-first=Rollin Mallory|editor-link=Rollin M. Daggett|title=The Legends and Myths of Hawaii: The Fables and Folk-lore of a Strange People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gp1EAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA32|year=1888|publisher=C.L. Webster & Company|location=New York|oclc=1036300398|pages=32–33}}</ref> They are displayed at the [[Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii]] at Mauna ʻAla.<ref>{{cite web|author=Pacific Worlds|title=Mauna ʻAla|year=2003|work=Pacific Worlds|url=http://www.pacificworlds.com/nuuanu/memories/memory1.cfm|accessdate=March 27, 2020|ref=harv}}</ref>
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Pūloʻuloʻu are often called "[[Kapu (Hawaiian culture)|kapu]] sticks". They were symbol of the authority and protection of the [[aliʻi]] (chiefs) of [[Ancient Hawaii]] and also represented the [[Mana (Oceanian mythology)|mana]] (spiritual power) of the aliʻi.<ref name="Kamehiro2009">{{cite book|last=Kamehiro|first=Stacy L.|title=The Arts of Kingship: Hawaiian Art and National Culture of the Kalākaua Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQCJ3NkS2ncC&pg=PA262|year=2009|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-3263-6|oclc=663885792|page=262}}</ref><ref name="Dutton1960">{{cite book|last=Dutton|first=Meiric Keeler|title=Hawaii's Great Seal and Coat of Arms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D1QnAQAAIAAJ|year=1960|publisher=Loomis House Press|location=Honolulu|oclc=16321549|page=14}}</ref> It was made by wrapping bundles of [[kapa]] cloth on a stick. They were given ancestral names and placed in areas of prominence. They represented the ancestors of an aliʻi who had died and return from Po (heaven). The round shape denoted the shape of stars as seen from the traditional Hawaiian perspective. They often contain the relics of deceased ancestors such as bones, teeth, hair and other important remains.<ref name="PW">{{cite web|author=Pacific Worlds|title=Pūloʻuloʻu|year=2003|work=Pacific Worlds|url=http://www.pacificworlds.com/nuuanu/memories/puloulou.cfm|access-date=March 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328050018/http://www.pacificworlds.com/nuuanu/memories/puloulou.cfm|archive-date=March 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Their use as symbols of the kapu was introduced by [[Paʻao]], a high priest (kahuna nui) from [[Kahiki]].<ref name="Gross2017">{{cite book|last=Gross|first=Jeffrey L.|title=Waipiʻo Valley: A Polynesian Journey from Eden to Eden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZouDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT426|year=2017|publisher=Xlibris US|location=Indiana|isbn=978-1-5245-3905-4|oclc=1124453477|page=426}}</ref>


The pūloʻuloʻu were often placed at the residence of the aliʻi, at a [[heiau]] (temple) and at the burial sites of the aliʻi.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kanahele|first=George S.|author-link=George Kanahele|title=Emma: Hawaii's Remarkable Queen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLtlBNRt_V4C|year=1999|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=978-0-8248-2240-8|oclc=40890919|page=4|access-date=March 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508092130/https://books.google.com/books?id=WLtlBNRt_V4C|archive-date=May 8, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kalakaua1888">{{cite book|last=Kalākaua|first=David|author-link=Kalākaua|editor-last=Daggett|editor-first=Rollin Mallory|editor-link=Rollin M. Daggett|title=The Legends and Myths of Hawaii: The Fables and Folk-lore of a Strange People|url=https://archive.org/details/LegendsAndMythsOfHawaii|year=1888|publisher=C.L. Webster & Company|location=New York|oclc=1036300398|pages=[https://archive.org/details/LegendsAndMythsOfHawaii/page/n38 32]–33|access-date=April 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605121908/https://archive.org/details/LegendsAndMythsOfHawaii|archive-date=June 5, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Whaling captain [[Alfred N. Tripp]] gave King [[Kalākaua]] a pūloʻuloʻu made of a [[narwhal]] tusk on the occasion of the king's 1883 coronation.<ref name="PCA1883" /><ref name="Houston1986" /> The tusk, which measured seven feet two inches, was capped with a golden sphere and is currently displayed in the throne room of [[ʻIolani Palace]] between the two thrones of Kalākaua and [[Queen Kapiʻolani]].<ref name="PCA1883">{{cite news|title=The Coronation|newspaper=The Pacific Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=February 17, 1883|page=2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48745410/the-pacific-commercial-advertiser/|access-date=December 29, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Houston1986">{{cite news|last=Houston|first=James D.|title=Palace of the Last Hawaiian King|newspaper=The New York Times Commercial Advertiser|location=Honolulu|date=November 23, 1986|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/23/travel/palace-of-the-last-hawaiian-king.html|access-date=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524193350/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/23/travel/palace-of-the-last-hawaiian-king.html|archive-date=May 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The pūloʻuloʻu are also displayed at the [[Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii]] at Mauna ʻAla where they are placed in the chapel and where metal representations are placed outside the chapels and the crypts.<ref>{{cite web|author=Pacific Worlds|title=Mauna ʻAla|year=2003|work=Pacific Worlds|url=http://www.pacificworlds.com/nuuanu/memories/memory1.cfm|access-date=March 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131061437/http://pacificworlds.com/nuuanu/memories/memory1.cfm|archive-date=January 31, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
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The coat of arms of the [[Hawaiian Kingdom]] and the [[Seal of Hawaii|seal of the State of Hawaii]] features the pūloʻuloʻu as a symbol of authority.<ref name="BoseLyons2010">{{cite book|last1=Bose|first1=Purnima|last2=Lyons|first2=Laura E.|title=Cultural Critique and the Global Corporation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B7yTXTekXdQC&pg=PA99|year=2010|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington; Indiana|isbn=0-253-30029-0|oclc=1131657944|page=99}}</ref>

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The coat of arms of the [[Hawaiian Kingdom]] and the [[Seal of Hawaii|seal of the State of Hawaii]] features the pūloʻuloʻu as a symbol of authority.<ref name="Dutton1960" /><ref name="BoseLyons2010">{{cite book|last1=Bose|first1=Purnima|last2=Lyons|first2=Laura E.|title=Cultural Critique and the Global Corporation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B7yTXTekXdQC&pg=PA99|year=2010|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington; Indiana|isbn=978-0-253-30029-4|oclc=1131657944|page=99}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Liliuokalani lying in state at Kawaiahao Church (color) (cropped).jpg|Pūloʻuloʻu used at the [[Death and state funeral of Liliʻuokalani|funeral]] of Queen [[Liliʻuokalani]]
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File:Kamehameha Tomb at Mauna Ala by Cliff.jpg|Metal representation of pūloʻuloʻu outside the Kamehameha Tomb at the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii at Mauna ʻAla
File:Hawaiian Thrones (8515155462).jpg|Metal representation of pūloʻuloʻu made with a [[narwhal]] tusk at [[ʻIolani Palace]]
File:Royal Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Hawaii.svg|Coat of arms of Hawaii
File:Seal of the State of Hawaii.svg|[[Seal of Hawaii]]
</gallery>


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 15: Line 26:
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{commonscat-inline}}
{{commons category-inline}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Puloulou}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Puloulou}}

Latest revision as of 08:18, 24 June 2023

Illustration of pūloʻuloʻu in King Kalākaua's book The Legends and Myths of Hawaii: The Fables and Folklore of a Strange People, 1888

Pūloʻuloʻu, often called "kapu sticks", are symbols denoting the kapu of Hawaiian aliʻi (chiefs or royals) and symbolizing the deceased ancestors of the aliʻi. They are traditional symbols of authority which are used in modern times including the Seal of the State of Hawaii.

History

[edit]

Pūloʻuloʻu are often called "kapu sticks". They were symbol of the authority and protection of the aliʻi (chiefs) of Ancient Hawaii and also represented the mana (spiritual power) of the aliʻi.[1][2] It was made by wrapping bundles of kapa cloth on a stick. They were given ancestral names and placed in areas of prominence. They represented the ancestors of an aliʻi who had died and return from Po (heaven). The round shape denoted the shape of stars as seen from the traditional Hawaiian perspective. They often contain the relics of deceased ancestors such as bones, teeth, hair and other important remains.[3] Their use as symbols of the kapu was introduced by Paʻao, a high priest (kahuna nui) from Kahiki.[4]

The pūloʻuloʻu were often placed at the residence of the aliʻi, at a heiau (temple) and at the burial sites of the aliʻi.[5][6] Whaling captain Alfred N. Tripp gave King Kalākaua a pūloʻuloʻu made of a narwhal tusk on the occasion of the king's 1883 coronation.[7][8] The tusk, which measured seven feet two inches, was capped with a golden sphere and is currently displayed in the throne room of ʻIolani Palace between the two thrones of Kalākaua and Queen Kapiʻolani.[7][8] The pūloʻuloʻu are also displayed at the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii at Mauna ʻAla where they are placed in the chapel and where metal representations are placed outside the chapels and the crypts.[9]

The coat of arms of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the seal of the State of Hawaii features the pūloʻuloʻu as a symbol of authority.[2][10]

[edit]
  • Pūloʻuloʻu used at the funeral of Queen Liliʻuokalani
    Pūloʻuloʻu used at the funeral of Queen Liliʻuokalani
  • Metal representation of pūloʻuloʻu outside the Kamehameha Tomb at the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii at Mauna ʻAla
    Metal representation of pūloʻuloʻu outside the Kamehameha Tomb at the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii at Mauna ʻAla
  • Metal representation of pūloʻuloʻu made with a narwhal tusk at ʻIolani Palace
    Metal representation of pūloʻuloʻu made with a narwhal tusk at ʻIolani Palace
  • Coat of arms of Hawaii
    Coat of arms of Hawaii
  • Seal of Hawaii
    Seal of Hawaii

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kamehiro, Stacy L. (2009). The Arts of Kingship: Hawaiian Art and National Culture of the Kalākaua Era. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-8248-3263-6. OCLC 663885792.
  2. ^ a b Dutton, Meiric Keeler (1960). Hawaii's Great Seal and Coat of Arms. Honolulu: Loomis House Press. p. 14. OCLC 16321549.
  3. ^ Pacific Worlds (2003). "Pūloʻuloʻu". Pacific Worlds. Archived from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  4. ^ Gross, Jeffrey L. (2017). Waipiʻo Valley: A Polynesian Journey from Eden to Eden. Indiana: Xlibris US. p. 426. ISBN 978-1-5245-3905-4. OCLC 1124453477.
  5. ^ Kanahele, George S. (1999). Emma: Hawaii's Remarkable Queen. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-8248-2240-8. OCLC 40890919. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  6. ^ Kalākaua, David (1888). Daggett, Rollin Mallory (ed.). The Legends and Myths of Hawaii: The Fables and Folk-lore of a Strange People. New York: C.L. Webster & Company. pp. 32–33. OCLC 1036300398. Archived from the original on June 5, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  7. ^ a b "The Coronation". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. February 17, 1883. p. 2. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  8. ^ a b Houston, James D. (November 23, 1986). "Palace of the Last Hawaiian King". The New York Times Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  9. ^ Pacific Worlds (2003). "Mauna ʻAla". Pacific Worlds. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  10. ^ Bose, Purnima; Lyons, Laura E. (2010). Cultural Critique and the Global Corporation. Bloomington; Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-253-30029-4. OCLC 1131657944.
[edit]

Media related to Pūloʻuloʻu at Wikimedia Commons

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