Jump to content

Enlistment Act 1794: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Kevinlinch (talk | contribs)
371 edits
No edit summary
 
(26 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
{{Infobox UK legislation
|short_title = Enlistment Act 1794
|short_title = Enlistment Act 1794
|type = Act
|type = Act
|parliament =
|parliament =
|long_title = An act to enable subjects of France to enlist as soldiers in regiments to serve on the continent of Europe, and in certain other places; and to enable his Majesty to grant commissions to subjects of France, to serve and receive pay as officers in such regiments, or as engineers under certain conditions
|long_title = An act to enable subjects of France to enlist as soldiers in regiments to serve on the continent of Europe, and in certain other places; and to enable his Majesty to grant commissions to subjects of France, to serve and receive pay as officers in such regiments, or as engineers under certain conditions.
|year = 1794
|year = 1794
|citation = 34 Geo. 3 c. 43
|citation = [[34 Geo. 3]]. c. 43
|introduced_by = [[William Pitt the Younger]]
|introduced_by = [[William Pitt the Younger]]
|territorial_extent = [[Great Britain]]
|territorial_extent = [[Great Britain]]
Line 14: Line 15:
|amends =
|amends =
|amendments =
|amendments =
|related_legislation = {{ubl|[[Army and Navy Act 1800]] {{nowrap|{{small|39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 100}}}}|[[Enlistment of Foreigners Act 1804]] {{nowrap|{{small|44 Geo. 3 c. 75}}}} }}
|related_legislation =
|repealing_legislation=
|repealing_legislation= [[Statute Law Revision Act 1871]]
|status = Repealed
|status = Repealed
|original_text = https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge51britgoog/page/n152
|original_text = https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge51britgoog/page/n152
Line 25: Line 26:
|millbankhansard =
|millbankhansard =
}}
}}
The ''Enlistment Act 1794'' (also known as the Emigrant Corps Bill or Act) allowed the British government to create regiments of [[French emigration (1789–1815)|émigrés]] from France. This specific legislation was needed to enlist men who were not British subjects in the [[British Army]] and to allow [[George III]] to commission foreigners as officers. The Act was a major break from the military conventions about [[Mercenary#17th_and_18th_centuries|enlisting soldiers from other states]] in the Eighteenth Century.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan| isbn = 9780230319684| pages = 59-60| editor-last1 = Arielli| editor1-first = Nir| editor-last2 = Collins| editor2-first = Bruce| last = Linch| first = Kevin| title = Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era| chapter = The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars| location = Basingstoke| date = 2012 |doi= 10.1057/9781137296634_4 }}</ref> The Act expired with the [[Peace of Amiens]].
The '''Enlistment Act 1794''' (also known as the '''Emigrant Corps Bill''' or Act) was an Act of the [[Parliament of Great Britain]] that allowed the British government to create regiments of [[French emigration (1789–1815)|émigrés]] from France. This specific legislation was needed to enlist men who were not British subjects in the [[British Army]] and to allow [[George III]] to commission foreigners as officers. The Act was a major break from the military conventions about [[Mercenary#17th and 18th centuries|enlisting soldiers from other states]] in the Eighteenth Century.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan| isbn = 9780230319684| pages = 59–60| editor-last1 = Arielli| editor1-first = Nir| editor-last2 = Collins| editor2-first = Bruce| last = Linch| first = Kevin| title = Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era| chapter = The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars| location = Basingstoke| date = 2012 |doi= 10.1057/9781137296634_4 }}</ref> The Act expired with the [[Peace of Amiens]].


==Background and Need for the Act==
==Background and Need for the Act==
{{broader|French emigration (1789–1815)|French émigrés}}
{{broader|French emigration (1789–1815)|topic=French émigrés}}


Many of those who fled France in the wake of the French Revolution were soldiers and officers of the [[French Royal Army]]. With the outbreak of [[French Revolutionary Wars]] in 1792 émigré nobles set up units and formed [[Armée des émigrés]]. Soon after the France declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, émigré officers also offered to raise units for the British Army. The British government welcomed the additional manpower.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan| isbn = 9780230319684| pages = 57| editor-last1 = Arielli| editor1-first = Nir| editor-last2 = Collins| editor2-first = Bruce| last = Linch| first = Kevin| title = Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era| chapter = The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars| location = Basingstoke| date = 2012 |doi= 10.1057/9781137296634_4 }}</ref>
Many of those who fled France in the wake of the French Revolution were soldiers and officers of the [[French Royal Army]]. With the outbreak of [[French Revolutionary Wars]] in 1792 émigré nobles set up units and formed [[Armée des émigrés]]. Soon after the France declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, émigré officers also offered to raise units for the British Army. The British government welcomed the additional manpower.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan| isbn = 9780230319684| pages = 57| editor-last1 = Arielli| editor1-first = Nir| editor-last2 = Collins| editor2-first = Bruce| last = Linch| first = Kevin| title = Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era| chapter = The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars| location = Basingstoke| date = 2012 |doi= 10.1057/9781137296634_4 }}</ref>


The first unit to be raised was the {{ill|Loyal Emigrant Regiment|fr|Régiment Loyal-Émigrant}} by Louis, duc de La Chastre.<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0037-9700| volume = 22| issue = 85| page = 3 |last = Atkinson| first = C. T.| title = Foreign Regiments in The British Army, 1793-1802: Part II—The Continent, 1793-1802| journal = Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research| accessdate = 2020-01-15| date = 1943| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/44219955| jstor = 44219955 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> To avoid political problems, the officers were commissioned by George III as [[Elector of Hanover]] and then they were transferred to British pay.<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0037-9700| volume = 22| issue = 90| pages = 244| last = Atkinson| first = C. T.| title = Foreign Regiments in The British Army, 1793-1802: Part VI—Notes on Each Corps or Regiment, Section II—Du Dressnay's to Maclean's Chasseurs| journal = Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research| accessdate = 2020-01-15| date = 1944| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/44228347| jstor = 44228347|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This arrangement was not practical for further offers, so new legislation was introduced to allow émigré units to be raised and maintained directly by Britain.
The first unit to be raised was the {{ill|Loyal Emigrant Regiment|fr|Régiment Loyal-Émigrant}} by [[Louis, duc de La Chastre]].<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0037-9700| volume = 22| issue = 85| page = 3 |last = Atkinson| first = C. T.| title = Foreign Regiments in The British Army, 1793-1802: Part II—The Continent, 1793-1802| journal = Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research| date = 1943| jstor = 44219955 }}</ref> To avoid political problems, the officers were commissioned by George III as [[Elector of Hanover]] and then they were transferred to British pay.<ref>{{Cite journal| issn = 0037-9700| volume = 22| issue = 90| pages = 244| last = Atkinson| first = C. T.| title = Foreign Regiments in The British Army, 1793-1802: Part VI—Notes on Each Corps or Regiment, Section II—Du Dressnay's to Maclean's Chasseurs| journal = Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research| date = 1944| jstor = 44228347}}</ref> This arrangement was not practical for further offers, so new legislation was introduced to allow émigré units to be raised and maintained directly by Britain.


As the French officers of these units were Catholic, they needed exemptions from British [[Penal law (British)|laws against Catholics]]. Also, throughout the Eighteenth Century, many British MPs has been hostile to employing foreign troops within the British Army.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = J. Murray| volume = 2| last = Clode| first = Charles Mathew| title = The military forces of the crown: their administration and government| location = London| date = 1869| url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=toRIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA431 | pages = 432-436 | oclc = 7601126}}</ref>
As the French officers of these units were Catholic, they needed exemptions from British [[Penal law (British)|laws against Catholics]]. Also, throughout the Eighteenth Century, many British [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MPs]] has been hostile to employing foreign troops within the British Army.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = J. Murray| volume = 2| last = Clode| first = Charles Mathew| title = The military forces of the crown: their administration and government| location = London| date = 1869| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=toRIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA431 | pages = 432–436 | oclc = 7601126}}</ref>


==Debates in Parliament==
==Debates in Parliament==
The were significant debates in the [[House of Commons]] about the "Bill to enable subjects of France to enlist as Soldiers". The political arguments focused on two areas. Firstly, there were concerns over the government using foreign troops within the British isles, which was seen as a threat to British political liberty. Secondly, that by recruiting Frenchmen Britain was changing the nature of the war with France, and showing that it wanted to overturn the French Revolutionary government. [[Charles James Fox]], one of the MPs who said most on this, thought the war would be longer and more violent as a result, and negotiating a peace much harder. Despite these concerns being raised in Parliament, the government had enough of a majority for the bill to pass, although votes where held at each stage.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan| isbn = 9780230319684| pages = 59-60| editor-last1 = Arielli| editor1-first = Nir| editor-last2 = Collins| editor2-first = Bruce| last = Linch| first = Kevin| title = Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era| chapter = The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars| location = Basingstoke| date = 2012 |doi= 10.1057/9781137296634_4 }}</ref>
There were significant debates in the [[House of Commons]] about the "Bill to enable subjects of France to enlist as Soldiers". The political arguments focused on two areas. Firstly, there were concerns over the government using foreign troops within the British isles, which was seen as a threat to British political liberty. Secondly, that by recruiting Frenchmen Britain was changing the nature of the war with France, and showing that it wanted to overturn the French Revolutionary government. [[Charles James Fox]], one of the MPs who said most on this, thought that the war would be longer and more violent as a result, and negotiating a peace much harder. Despite these concerns being raised in Parliament, the government had enough of a majority for the bill to pass, although votes were held at each stage.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan| isbn = 9780230319684| pages = 59–60| editor-last1 = Arielli| editor1-first = Nir| editor-last2 = Collins| editor2-first = Bruce| last = Linch| first = Kevin| title = Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era| chapter = The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars| location = Basingstoke| date = 2012 |doi= 10.1057/9781137296634_4 }}</ref>


===Passage through Parliament===
===Passage through Parliament===
* Ordered: 7 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=429|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA429}}</ref>
* Ordered: 7 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=429|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA429}}</ref>
* Presented and read; ordered to be printed: 8 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=441|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA441}}</ref>
* Presented and read; ordered to be printed: 8 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=441|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA441}}</ref>
* Committed: 11 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=458|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA458}}</ref>
* Committed: 11 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=458|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA458}}</ref>
* Considered: 14 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=464|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA464}}</ref>
* Considered: 14 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=464|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA464}}</ref>
* Reported; to be ingrossed; day appointed for Third Reading: 16 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |pages=478-479|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA478}}</ref>
* Reported; to be engrossed; day appointed for Third Reading: 16 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |pages=478–479|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA478}}</ref>
* Passed: 17 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=487|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA487}}</ref>
* Passed: 17 April 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=487|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA487}}</ref>
* Agreed to in the [[House of Lords]]: 6 May 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=558|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA558}}</ref>
* Agreed to in the [[House of Lords]]: 6 May 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=558|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA558}}</ref>
* Received Royal Assent: 9 May 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=568|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA568}}</ref>
* Received Royal Assent: 9 May 1794<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons| volume = 49| title = The Journals of the House of Commons| date = 1803 |page=568|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA568}}</ref>


==Summary of the Act==
==Summary of the Act==
The main terms of the Act were:
* It was declared legal for Frenchmen to enlist and for George III to commission them as officers.
* Their terms of enlistment restricted their service to the continent of Europe, the [[Channel Islands]], and any French territories outside Europe before 1792.
* Officers held temporary rank and were not entitled to [[Half-pay#United Kingdom|half-pay]] when units were disbanded.
* Soldiers or officers in the units were not liable to prosecution or penalties under laws against Catholics.
* The units could be landed in Great Britain, but notice of this had to given to Parliament. The units were not allowed more than five miles from the coast, and limited to a maximum of 5,000 men.
* The soldiers and officers were subject to the [[Mutiny Act]] and [[Articles of War]].
* The Act was in force for the duration of war and extended to the end of the next session of Parliament after the war ended.


==Sources about the Act==
==Further sources about the Act==
'''Parliamentary debates''': {{Cite book| publisher = T. C. Hansard| volume = 31| title = The Parliamentary history of England from the earliest period to the year 1803| location = London| date = 1818| pages=373-432| url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vVQ6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA373}}
'''Parliamentary debates''': {{Cite book| publisher = T. C. Hansard| volume = 31| title = The Parliamentary history of England from the earliest period to the year 1803| location = London| date = 1818| pages=373–432| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVQ6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA373}}

'''[[Edmund Burke]]'s speech on 11 April 1794''': {{Cite book| publisher = Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown| last = Burke| first = Edmund| title = The Speeches of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke in the House of Commons and in Westminster Hall: In Four Volumes|volume= 4 | date = 1816| pages=163–167 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3o9AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA163}}

'''[[Charles James Fox]]'s speech on 17 April 1794''': {{Cite book| publisher = Longman| last = Fox| first = Charles-James| title = The Speeches ... in the House of Commons| date = 1815| pages=245–260| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA245}}

'''[[Parliamentary Archives]]''': [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/7a01bb04-5a68-42f6-b1eb-6d5314f7bcda HL/PO/PU/1/1794/34G3n119], Public Act, 34 George III, c. 43,
An Act to enable Subjects of France to enlist as Soldiers in Regiments to serve on the Continent of Europe, and in certain other Places; and to enable His Majesty to grant Commissions to Subjects of France to serve and receive Pay as Officers, in such Regiments, or as Engineers, under certain Restrictions.


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 61: Line 77:
{{UK legislation}}
{{UK legislation}}


[[Category:military history of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military history of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:18th-century history of the British Army]]
[[Category:18th-century history of the British Army]]
[[Category:British defence policymaking]]
[[Category:British defence policymaking]]
[[Category:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1794]]
[[Category:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1794]]
[[Category:George III]]

Latest revision as of 11:47, 29 September 2024

Enlistment Act 1794
Act of Parliament
Long titleAn act to enable subjects of France to enlist as soldiers in regiments to serve on the continent of Europe, and in certain other places; and to enable his Majesty to grant commissions to subjects of France, to serve and receive pay as officers in such regiments, or as engineers under certain conditions.
Citation34 Geo. 3. c. 43
Introduced byWilliam Pitt the Younger
Territorial extent Great Britain
Dates
Royal assent9 May 1794
Other legislation
Repealed byStatute Law Revision Act 1871
Relates to
Status: Repealed
Text of statute as originally enacted

The Enlistment Act 1794 (also known as the Emigrant Corps Bill or Act) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that allowed the British government to create regiments of émigrés from France. This specific legislation was needed to enlist men who were not British subjects in the British Army and to allow George III to commission foreigners as officers. The Act was a major break from the military conventions about enlisting soldiers from other states in the Eighteenth Century.[1] The Act expired with the Peace of Amiens.

Background and Need for the Act

[edit]
For broader coverage of French émigrés, see French emigration (1789–1815).

Many of those who fled France in the wake of the French Revolution were soldiers and officers of the French Royal Army. With the outbreak of French Revolutionary Wars in 1792 émigré nobles set up units and formed Armée des émigrés. Soon after the France declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, émigré officers also offered to raise units for the British Army. The British government welcomed the additional manpower.[2]

The first unit to be raised was the Loyal Emigrant Regiment [fr] by Louis, duc de La Chastre.[3] To avoid political problems, the officers were commissioned by George III as Elector of Hanover and then they were transferred to British pay.[4] This arrangement was not practical for further offers, so new legislation was introduced to allow émigré units to be raised and maintained directly by Britain.

As the French officers of these units were Catholic, they needed exemptions from British laws against Catholics. Also, throughout the Eighteenth Century, many British MPs has been hostile to employing foreign troops within the British Army.[5]

Debates in Parliament

[edit]

There were significant debates in the House of Commons about the "Bill to enable subjects of France to enlist as Soldiers". The political arguments focused on two areas. Firstly, there were concerns over the government using foreign troops within the British isles, which was seen as a threat to British political liberty. Secondly, that by recruiting Frenchmen Britain was changing the nature of the war with France, and showing that it wanted to overturn the French Revolutionary government. Charles James Fox, one of the MPs who said most on this, thought that the war would be longer and more violent as a result, and negotiating a peace much harder. Despite these concerns being raised in Parliament, the government had enough of a majority for the bill to pass, although votes were held at each stage.[6]

Passage through Parliament

[edit]
  • Ordered: 7 April 1794[7]
  • Presented and read; ordered to be printed: 8 April 1794[8]
  • Committed: 11 April 1794[9]
  • Considered: 14 April 1794[10]
  • Reported; to be engrossed; day appointed for Third Reading: 16 April 1794[11]
  • Passed: 17 April 1794[12]
  • Agreed to in the House of Lords: 6 May 1794[13]
  • Received Royal Assent: 9 May 1794[14]

Summary of the Act

[edit]

The main terms of the Act were:

  • It was declared legal for Frenchmen to enlist and for George III to commission them as officers.
  • Their terms of enlistment restricted their service to the continent of Europe, the Channel Islands, and any French territories outside Europe before 1792.
  • Officers held temporary rank and were not entitled to half-pay when units were disbanded.
  • Soldiers or officers in the units were not liable to prosecution or penalties under laws against Catholics.
  • The units could be landed in Great Britain, but notice of this had to given to Parliament. The units were not allowed more than five miles from the coast, and limited to a maximum of 5,000 men.
  • The soldiers and officers were subject to the Mutiny Act and Articles of War.
  • The Act was in force for the duration of war and extended to the end of the next session of Parliament after the war ended.

Further sources about the Act

[edit]

Parliamentary debates: The Parliamentary history of England from the earliest period to the year 1803. Vol. 31. London: T. C. Hansard. 1818. pp. 373–432.

Edmund Burke's speech on 11 April 1794: Burke, Edmund (1816). The Speeches of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke in the House of Commons and in Westminster Hall: In Four Volumes. Vol. 4. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. pp. 163–167.

Charles James Fox's speech on 17 April 1794: Fox, Charles-James (1815). The Speeches ... in the House of Commons. Longman. pp. 245–260.

Parliamentary Archives: HL/PO/PU/1/1794/34G3n119, Public Act, 34 George III, c. 43, An Act to enable Subjects of France to enlist as Soldiers in Regiments to serve on the Continent of Europe, and in certain other Places; and to enable His Majesty to grant Commissions to Subjects of France to serve and receive Pay as Officers, in such Regiments, or as Engineers, under certain Restrictions.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Linch, Kevin (2012). "The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars". In Arielli, Nir; Collins, Bruce (eds.). Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 59–60. doi:10.1057/9781137296634_4. ISBN 9780230319684.
  2. ^ Linch, Kevin (2012). "The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars". In Arielli, Nir; Collins, Bruce (eds.). Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 57. doi:10.1057/9781137296634_4. ISBN 9780230319684.
  3. ^ Atkinson, C. T. (1943). "Foreign Regiments in The British Army, 1793-1802: Part II—The Continent, 1793-1802". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 22 (85): 3. ISSN 0037-9700. JSTOR 44219955.
  4. ^ Atkinson, C. T. (1944). "Foreign Regiments in The British Army, 1793-1802: Part VI—Notes on Each Corps or Regiment, Section II—Du Dressnay's to Maclean's Chasseurs". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 22 (90): 244. ISSN 0037-9700. JSTOR 44228347.
  5. ^ Clode, Charles Mathew (1869). The military forces of the crown: their administration and government. Vol. 2. London: J. Murray. pp. 432–436. OCLC 7601126.
  6. ^ Linch, Kevin (2012). "The Politics of Foreign Recruitment in Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars". In Arielli, Nir; Collins, Bruce (eds.). Transnational Soldiers: Foreign Military Enlistment in the Modern Era. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 59–60. doi:10.1057/9781137296634_4. ISBN 9780230319684.
  7. ^ The Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 49. Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons. 1803. p. 429.
  8. ^ The Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 49. Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons. 1803. p. 441.
  9. ^ The Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 49. Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons. 1803. p. 458.
  10. ^ The Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 49. Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons. 1803. p. 464.
  11. ^ The Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 49. Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons. 1803. pp. 478–479.
  12. ^ The Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 49. Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons. 1803. p. 487.
  13. ^ The Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 49. Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons. 1803. p. 558.
  14. ^ The Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 49. Re-printed by Order of The House of Commons. 1803. p. 568.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Enlistment_Act_1794&oldid=1248417899"