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== Area: adding section "Disproportionate risk" == |
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'''Hotspots for Global Natural Disasters''' |
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Natural disasters tend to disproportionately affect low-income populations who not only lack the mobility to escape geographically vulnerable areas, but also lack the resources to mitigate the effects post-disaster. Although the extreme natural phenomena generating natural disasters produce the same environmental effects throughout the world, their consequences differ based on the vulnerability and socio-economic status of the individuals. Significantly more people suffer and are killed in disasters striking low or middle income countries than higher and more developed countries. Poor individuals and countries pose a higher risk and vulnerability due to their poorer initial health status, lower-quality housing, less available resources, less savings, and location in areas facing greater geographic and environmental risk of enduring a natural disaster<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Strömberg|first=David|date=2007-07|title=Natural Disasters, Economic Development, and Humanitarian Aid|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.3.199|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|volume=21|issue=3|pages=199–222|doi=10.1257/jep.21.3.199|issn=0895-3309}}</ref>. Not only do lower income individuals within lower income countries tend to live in geographically unsafe locations, but they also are most likely to live in a society or political system that is inadequate in providing resources and supplies to limit the consequences of the disaster. Inequality is a major determinant and identifier of the severity of the disaster in which a community will experience. |
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== Political Consequences == |
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The highest risk areas are those where disasters both occur the most frequently and experiences the highest losses. Such losses include the combination of human and economic losses in addition to the external costs of relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. Global natural disasters come at the cost of both economics and humanitarian aid in economically and environmentally vulnerable locations. However, mortality and economic risk is based on not only geography, but socioeconomic status. |
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From the article: "Natural disasters can also affect political relations with countries and vice versa.<sup>[''[[wikipedia:Please clarify|clarification needed]]'']</sup> Violent conflicts within states can exacerbate the impact of natural disasters by weakening the ability of states, communities and individuals to provide disaster relief. Natural disasters can also worsen ongoing conflicts within states by weakening the capacity of states to fight rebels." |
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My addition: The role of donors and NGOs in disaster relief can produce changes in the political economies of the countries receiving such foreign aid in post-disaster efforts. As the role of NGOs has increased in providing foreign aid, so has their market and political power. Although some NGOs remain altruistic in their attempts to support the weak after disaster strikes, others use emergency assistance to exercise their power and influence over local political economies through providing partisan aid to organizations and parties they want to keep or increase in power<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Duffield|first=Mark|date=1993-01|title=NGOs, Disaster Relief and Asset Transfer in the Horn: Political Survival in a Permanent Emergency|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1993.tb00480.x|journal=Development and Change|volume=24|issue=1|pages=131–158|doi=10.1111/j.1467-7660.1993.tb00480.x|issn=0012-155X}}</ref>. |
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'''Cyclones''' |
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High aggregate economic risk areas include the eastern United States, the United Kingdom, India, Asia, Caribbean. Mortality risk for cyclones is highest along the Pacific and Indian coastlines, the Bay of Bengal, the Caribbean and Central America. |
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'''Drought''' |
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There is significant risk on all continents. Europe, Central America, and Western Africa have the highest risk. |
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'''Floods''' |
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There is lower relative risk in the eastern United States, whereas high relative risk in both mortality and economic in North Africa, India, China, and parts of Asia. |
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'''Earthquakes''' |
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Areas of higher earthquake risk usually have higher average populations and GDP densities. For instance, the US has high economic risk, but low mortality risk. On the other hand, the Himalayan region has high mortality risk, but minimal economic risk. |
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'''Volcanoes''' |
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Mortality and economic risks are high in localized areas around volcanoes, with activity mainly in Central and South America, East Africa and Indonesia. |
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'''Landslide''' |
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There are high mortality and economic losses in Central America, northwestern South America, the caucasus region and Taiwan. Mortality risks are higher in the Himalayan region, Philippines and Indonesia, but lower in Southern Europe and Japan where economic risks are higher.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dilley|first=Maxx|last2=Chen|first2=Robert S.|last3=Deichmann|first3=Uwe|last4=Lerner-Lam|first4=Arthur L.|last5=Arnold|first5=Margaret|date=2005-04-30|title=Natural Disaster Hotspots|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5930-4|doi=10.1596/0-8213-5930-4}}</ref>{{AFC submission|d|nn|u=Emilyfisher0|ns=2|decliner=Sulfurboy|declinets=20200317222217|reason2=context|ts=20200317221348}} <!-- Do not remove this line! --> |
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WikiProject Disaster management |
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<!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE -->Disaster Management represents the organization and management of resources and duties for dealing with the humanitarian aspects of emergencies, especially in relation to preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters on individuals and communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disaster-management/|title=About disaster management - IFRC|website=www.ifrc.org|access-date=2020-03-17}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 19:26, 22 April 2020
Area: adding section "Disproportionate risk"
[edit]Natural disasters tend to disproportionately affect low-income populations who not only lack the mobility to escape geographically vulnerable areas, but also lack the resources to mitigate the effects post-disaster. Although the extreme natural phenomena generating natural disasters produce the same environmental effects throughout the world, their consequences differ based on the vulnerability and socio-economic status of the individuals. Significantly more people suffer and are killed in disasters striking low or middle income countries than higher and more developed countries. Poor individuals and countries pose a higher risk and vulnerability due to their poorer initial health status, lower-quality housing, less available resources, less savings, and location in areas facing greater geographic and environmental risk of enduring a natural disaster[1]. Not only do lower income individuals within lower income countries tend to live in geographically unsafe locations, but they also are most likely to live in a society or political system that is inadequate in providing resources and supplies to limit the consequences of the disaster. Inequality is a major determinant and identifier of the severity of the disaster in which a community will experience.
Political Consequences
[edit]From the article: "Natural disasters can also affect political relations with countries and vice versa.[clarification needed] Violent conflicts within states can exacerbate the impact of natural disasters by weakening the ability of states, communities and individuals to provide disaster relief. Natural disasters can also worsen ongoing conflicts within states by weakening the capacity of states to fight rebels."
My addition: The role of donors and NGOs in disaster relief can produce changes in the political economies of the countries receiving such foreign aid in post-disaster efforts. As the role of NGOs has increased in providing foreign aid, so has their market and political power. Although some NGOs remain altruistic in their attempts to support the weak after disaster strikes, others use emergency assistance to exercise their power and influence over local political economies through providing partisan aid to organizations and parties they want to keep or increase in power[2].
- ^ Strömberg, David (2007-07). "Natural Disasters, Economic Development, and Humanitarian Aid". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 21 (3): 199–222. doi:10.1257/jep.21.3.199. ISSN 0895-3309.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Duffield, Mark (1993-01). "NGOs, Disaster Relief and Asset Transfer in the Horn: Political Survival in a Permanent Emergency". Development and Change. 24 (1): 131–158. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1993.tb00480.x. ISSN 0012-155X.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)