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Coordinates: 46°08′00″N 23°32′00″E / 46.1333°N 23.5333°E / 46.1333; 23.5333
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{short description|County of Romania}}
{{short description|County of Romania}}
{{Distinguish|Scotland}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Alba County
| name = Alba County
| native_name = Județul Alba
| native_name = Județul Alba
| settlement_type = County
| settlement_type = County
| image_skyline =
| image_skyline = K Alba.jpg
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Flag of Alba County.jpg
| image_flag = File:RO Alba County Flag.svg
| flag_link =
| flag_link =
| image_shield = Actual Alba county CoA.png
| image_shield = File:RO Alba County CoA.svg
| shield_link =
| shield_link =
| image_map = Alba in Romania.svg
| image_map = Alba in Romania.svg
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Alba Iulia]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Alba Iulia]]
| government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = County Board
| government_type = County Council
| leader_party = [[Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)|PDL]]
| leader_party = [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]
| leader_title = President of the County Board
| leader_title = President of the County Council
| leader_name = Ion Dumitrel
| leader_name = {{ill|Ion Dumitrel|ro}}
| leader_title1 = Prefect<sup>2</sup>
| leader_title1 = Prefect<sup>2</sup>
| leader_name1 = Dan Simedru-Coriolan
| leader_name1 = {{ill|Nicolae Albu|ro}}
| established_title =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| established_date =
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| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
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| longs =
| longs =
| longEW =
| longEW =
|population_total = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of =
|population_as_of = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes =
|population_footnotes = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = 327224
| population_rank = [[List of Romanian counties by population|29th in Romania]]
| population_rank = [[List of Romanian counties by population|29th in Romania]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset = +2
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Romania|Postal Code]]
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Romania|Postal Code]]
| postal_code = 51wxyz<sup>3</sup>
| postal_code = 51wxyz<sup>3</sup>
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| blank1_name = [[GDP]]
| blank1_name = [[GDP]]
| blank1_info = US$ 2.940 billion (''2015'')
| blank1_info = US$ 2.940 billion (''2015'')
| blank2_name = [[GDP]]/[[capita]]
| blank2_name = [[GDP]] [[per capita]]
| blank2_info = US$ 8,970 (''2015'')
| blank2_info = US$ 8,970 (''2015'')
| footnotes = <sup>1</sup>The developing regions of [[Romania]] have no administrative role. They were formed to attract funds from the [[European Union]]<br /><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned to have any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionaries corp<br /><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br /><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, [[Romtelecom]], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br /><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utilitary vehicles & [[All-terrain vehicle|ATVs]], etc.) and the ones used outside the county
| footnotes = <sup>1</sup>The developing regions of [[Romania]] have no administrative role. They were formed to draw funds from the [[European Union]]<br /><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionaries corp<br /><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br /><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, [[Romtelecom]], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br /><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utilitary vehicles & [[All-terrain vehicle|ATVs]], etc.) and the ones used outside the county
| website = [http://www.cjalba.ro County Board]<br />[http://www.prefecturaalba.ro County Prefecture]
| website = [http://www.cjalba.ro County Council]<br />[http://www.prefecturaalba.ro County Prefecture]
}}
}}


'''Alba County''' ({{IPA-ro|ˈalba}}) is a county ([[județ]]) of [[Romania]] located in the historic region of [[Transylvania]]. Its capital is [[Alba Iulia]], a city with a population of 63,536.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alba.insse.ro/cmsalba/files/DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011_alba_comunicat%20presa.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418082153/http://www.alba.insse.ro/cmsalba/files/DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011_alba_comunicat%20presa.pdf |archive-date=2013-04-18 }}</ref>
'''Alba County''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈalba}}) is a county ([[județ]]) of [[Romania]] located in the historic region of [[Transylvania]]. Its capital is [[Alba Iulia]], a city with a population of 63,536.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alba.insse.ro/cmsalba/files/DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011_alba_comunicat%20presa.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418082153/http://www.alba.insse.ro/cmsalba/files/DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011_alba_comunicat%20presa.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013 }}</ref>


==Name==
== Name ==
"Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. In [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], the county is known as ''Fehér megye'' (fehér also meaning white), and in [[German language|German]] as ''Kreis Karlsburg''.
"Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. In [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], the county is known as ''Fehér megye'' (fehér also meaning white), and in [[German language|German]] as ''Kreis Karlsburg''.

== Demographics ==
In October 31, 2011, it had a population of 327,224 and the [[population density]] was 52/km².
* [[Romanians]] - 89.9%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011.pdf|format=PDF|title=COMUNICAT DE PRESĂ : 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 2011 |website=Recensamantromania.ro|accessdate=11 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Hungarians]] - 4.8%
* [[Romani people|Romani]] - 4.7%
* [[Germans]] <small>([[Transylvanian Saxons]])</small> - 0.2%
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, ''[http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 şi 2011"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=2006-09-22 }}''</ref>
|-
| 1948
| 361,062
|-
| 1956
| 370,800
|-
| 1966
| 382,786
|-
| 1977
| 409,634
|-
| 1992
| 414,227
|-
| 2002
| 382,747
|-
| 2011
| 327,224
|}


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
{{Romanian counties map}}
{{Romanian counties map}}
This county has a total area of 6,242&nbsp;km², with mountains occupying about 59% of its surface.
This county has a total area of {{cvt|6242|km2}}, with mountains occupying about 59% of its surface.


The [[Apuseni Mountains]] are in the northwest; the northeastern side of the [[Parâng Mountains|Parâng]] group - the [[Șureanu Mountains|Șureanu]] and [[Cindrel Mountains|Cindrel]] Mountains - are in the south. In the east there is the [[Transylvanian Plateau]] with deep but wide valleys. The three main elements are separated by the [[Mureș River|Mureș]] River valley.
The [[Apuseni Mountains]] are in the northwest; the northeastern side of the [[Parâng Mountains group]] – the [[Șureanu Mountains|Șureanu]] and [[Cindrel Mountains|Cindrel]] mountains – are in the south. In the east there is the [[Transylvanian Plateau]] with deep but wide valleys. The three main elements are separated by the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș River]] valley.


The main rivers are the [[Mureș River|Mureș]] River and its tributaries, the [[Târnava River|Târnava]], the [[Sebeș River (Alba)|Sebeș]] and the [[Arieș River (Mureș)|Arieș]].
The main rivers are the [[Mureș (river)|Mureș River]] and its tributaries, the [[Târnava]], the [[Sebeș (river)|Sebeș]], and the [[Arieș]].


=== Neighbors ===
=== Neighbors ===
* [[Sibiu County|Sibiu]] County and [[Mureș County|Mureș]] County to the east.
* [[Sibiu County]] and [[Mureș County]] to the east.
* [[Bihor County|Bihor]] County and [[Arad County, Romania|Arad]] County to the west.
* [[Bihor County]] and [[Arad County]] to the west.
* [[Cluj County|Cluj]] County to the north.
* [[Cluj County]] to the north.
* [[Hunedoara County|Hunedoara]] County to the southwest.
* [[Hunedoara County]] to the southwest.
* [[Vâlcea County|Vâlcea]] County to the south.
* [[Vâlcea County]] to the south.


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
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* Chemical industry
* Chemical industry


The mineral resources exploited in Alba county are metals (gold, silver, copper), salt and construction materials, including marble and granite.
The mineral resources exploited in Alba county are metals (gold, silver, copper), salt, and construction materials, including marble and granite.


== Tourist attractions ==
== Tourist attractions ==
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* The city of [[Alba Iulia]]
* The city of [[Alba Iulia]]
* The [[Apuseni Mountains]]
* The [[Apuseni Mountains]]
** [[Scărișoara, Alba|Scărișoara]] karst complex
** [[Scărișoara, Alba|Scărișoara]] [[karst]] complex
** [[Maidens' Fair]] on the [[Găina Mountain]]
** [[Maidens' Fair]] on the {{ill|Găina Mountain|ro|Muntele Găina}}
** The ''Dealul cu melci'' ("Snail Hill") west of [[Vidra, Alba|Vidra]]
** The ''Dealul cu melci'' ("Snail Hill") west of [[Vidra, Alba|Vidra]]
** Barren Detunata and Shaggy Detunata ([[Detunatele]])
** Barren Detunata and Shaggy Detunata ([[Detunatele]])
* The [[Câlnic Citadel|Câlnic Castle]] and the castle of [[Gârbova]]
* The [[Câlnic Citadel]] and the castle of [[Gârbova]]
* The towns and churches of [[Sebeș]] and [[Aiud]]
* The towns and churches of [[Sebeș]] and [[Aiud]]
* The [[Ocna Mureș]] resort
* The [[Ocna Mureș]] resort
* The [[Țara Moților]] ethnographical area. Situated in the Apuseni Mountains, Țara Moților is a region with strong and distinct Romanian traditions.
* The [[Țara Moților]] ethnographical area. Situated in the Apuseni Mountains, Țara Moților is a region with strong and distinct Romanian traditions.
* Roșia Montana Mining Cultural Landscape - Mining began 2000 years ago on Mt. Kirnik, with well-preserved Roman galleries. A Canadian company attempted an open-pit mine, but abandoned the project around 2007. Roșia Montană is a famous locality among [[mineral collector]]s for fine [[native gold]] specimens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/loc-2607.html|title=Roşia Montană (Verespatak; Vöröspatak; Goldbach), Roşia Montanã Commune, Alba Co., Romania|author=|date=|website=www.mindat.org|accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6082/|title=Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|date=|website=whc.unesco.org|accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref>
* Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - Mining began 2000 years ago on Mt. Kirnik (Cârnic), with well-preserved Roman galleries. A Canadian company attempted an open-pit mine, but abandoned the project around 2007. [[Roșia Montană]] is a famous locality among [[mineral collector]]s for fine [[native gold]] specimens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/loc-2607.html|title=Roșia Montană (Verespatak; Vöröspatak; Goldbach), Roșia Montană Commune, Alba County, Romania|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6082/|title=Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>
* The [[Via Transilvanica]] hiking and biking trail


==Politics==
== Demographics ==
According to the [[2021 Romanian census|2021 census]], the county had a population of 325,941 and the [[population density]] was {{Pop density|325941
The Alba County Council, elected at the [[2016 Romanian local election|2016 local government elections]], is made up of 33 counselors, with the following party composition:<ref name="LocalElections2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.2016bec.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SIAL2016_CJ_mandate.xlsx|title=Mandate de CJ pe judete si competitori|publisher=Biroul Electoral Central|date=10 June 2016|accessdate=16 June 2016|language=Romanian}}</ref>
|6242|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/|title=Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice|website=Recensamantromania.ro|access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref>


{{Pie chart
{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" class="wikitable"
|thumb=left
|caption=Ethnic composition of Alba County (2021)
|label1=[[Romanians]]|value1=91.36|color1=#8080ff
|label2=[[Romani people in Romania|Romani]]|value2=4.43|color2=#80ffff
|label3=[[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarians]]|value3=3.91|color3=#80ff80
|label4=[[Germans of Romania|Germans]] <small>([[Transylvanian Saxons]])</small>|value4=0.18|color4=#ff80ff
|label5=Others|value5=0.11|color5=#9f9f9f}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, ''[http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 şi 2011"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=22 September 2006 }}''</ref>
|-
! 1948
| 361,062 {{steady}}
|-
! 1956
| 370,800 {{increase}}
|-
! 1966
| 382,786 {{increase}}
|-
! 1977
| 409,634 {{increase}}
|-
! 1992
| 414,227 {{increase}}
|-
! 2002
| 382,747 {{decrease}}
|-
! 2011
| 327,224 {{decrease}}
|-
! 2021
| 325,941 {{decrease}}
|}










== Politics ==
The Alba County Council, renewed at the [[2020 Romanian local elections|2020 local elections]], consists of 32 county councillors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{Cite web|language=ro|url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/data/json/sicpv/pv/pv_vs_final.json|format=Json|title=Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020|publisher=Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
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! style="background:#ccc" colspan="19" | Current County Council
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="19" | Current County Council
|-
|-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]]
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''19'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''19'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PNL}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
|-
|-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]]
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''9'''
| style="text-align: right" | '''6'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PSD}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
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| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/ALDE}} | &nbsp;
| [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats]]
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/ALDE}} | &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/ALDE}} | &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/ALDE}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| [[Save Romania Union]] (USR)
| style="text-align: right" | '''4'''
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Save Romania Union}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
Line 238: Line 258:
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PMP}} | &nbsp;
| [[People's Movement Party]]
| style="text-align: right" | '''2'''
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PMP}} | &nbsp;
| {{Romanian politics/party colours/PMP}} | &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| [[People's Movement Party]] (PMP)
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
Line 264: Line 286:


== Administrative divisions ==
== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:Cetatea Alba Iulia din aer toamna.jpg|thumb|[[Alba Iulia]]]]
[[File:Cetatea Alba Iulia din aer toamna.jpg|thumb|[[Alba Iulia]] ({{langx|de|Karlsburg/Weißenburg}})]]
[[File:Vista_de_Blaj2.jpg|thumb|[[Blaj]]]]
[[File:Vista_de_Blaj2.jpg|thumb|[[Blaj]]]]
[[File:Kirche mit Markthallen.JPG|thumb|[[Sebeș]]]]
[[File:Kirche mit Markthallen.JPG|thumb|[[Sebeș]] ({{langx|de|Mühlbach}})]]
[[File:Abrud.seara.jpg|thumb|[[Abrud]]]]
[[File:Abrud.seara.jpg|thumb|[[Abrud]]]]
[[File:Baia de Arieș1.jpg|thumb|[[Baia de Arieș]]]]
[[File:Baia de Arieș1.jpg|thumb|[[Baia de Arieș]]]]


Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns and 67 communes.
Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns, and 67 communes.

*Municipalities
* Municipalities:
**[[Aiud]]
**[[Alba Iulia]] - county seat; 58,761 (as of 2011)
** [[Aiud]]
** [[Alba Iulia]] – county seat; pop. 58,761 (as of 2011)
**[[Blaj]]
** [[Blaj]]
**[[Sebeș]]
** [[Sebeș]]

*Towns
* Towns:
**[[Abrud]]
**[[Baia de Arieș]]
** [[Abrud]]
**[[Câmpeni]]
** [[Baia de Arieș]]
**[[Cugir]]
** [[Câmpeni]]
**[[Ocna Mureș]]
** [[Cugir]]
**[[Teiuș]]
** [[Ocna Mureș]]
**[[Zlatna]]
** [[Teiuș]]
** [[Zlatna]]

{{div col|colwidth=13em}}
{{div col|colwidth=13em}}

*Communes
* Communes:
**[[Albac]]
**[[Almașu Mare]]
** [[Albac]]
**[[Arieșeni]]
** [[Almașu Mare]]
**[[Avram Iancu, Alba|Avram Iancu]]
** [[Arieșeni]]
** [[Avram Iancu, Alba|Avram Iancu]]
**[[Berghin]]
** [[Berghin]]
**[[Bistra, Alba|Bistra]]
** [[Bistra, Alba|Bistra]]
**[[Blandiana]]
** [[Blandiana]]
**[[Bucerdea Grânoasă]]
** [[Bucerdea Grânoasă]]
**[[Bucium, Alba|Bucium]]
** [[Bucium, Alba|Bucium]]
**[[Câlnic, Alba|Câlnic]]
** [[Câlnic, Alba|Câlnic]]
**[[Cenade]]
** [[Cenade]]
**[[Cergău]]
** [[Cergău]]
**[[Ceru-Băcăinți]]
** [[Ceru-Băcăinți]]
**[[Cetatea de Baltă]]
** [[Cetatea de Baltă]]
**[[Ciugud]]
** [[Ciugud]]
**[[Ciuruleasa]]
** [[Ciuruleasa]]
**[[Crăciunelu de Jos]]
** [[Crăciunelu de Jos]]
**[[Cricău]]
** [[Cricău]]
**[[Cut, Alba|Cut]]
** [[Cut, Alba|Cut]]
**[[Daia Româna]]
** [[Daia Româna]]
**[[Doștat]]
** [[Doștat]]
**[[Fărău]]
** [[Fărău]]
**[[Galda de Jos]]
** [[Galda de Jos]]
**[[Gârbova]]
** [[Gârbova]]
**[[Gârda de Sus]]
** [[Gârda de Sus]]
**[[Hopârta]]
** [[Hopârta]]
**[[Horea, Alba|Horea]]
** [[Horea, Alba|Horea]]
**[[Ighiu]]
** [[Ighiu]]
**[[Întregalde]]
** [[Întregalde]]
**[[Jidvei]]
** [[Jidvei]]
**[[Livezile, Alba|Livezile]]
** [[Livezile, Alba|Livezile]]
**[[Lopadea Nouă]]
** [[Lopadea Nouă]]
**[[Lunca Mureşului]]
** [[Lunca Mureşului]]
**[[Lupșa]]
** [[Lupșa]]
**[[Meteș]]
** [[Meteș]]
**[[Mihalț]]
** [[Mihalț]]
**[[Mirăslău, Alba|Mirăslău]]
** [[Mirăslău, Alba|Mirăslău]]
**[[Mogoș]]
** [[Mogoș]]
**[[Noșlac]]
** [[Noșlac]]
**[[Ocoliș]]
** [[Ocoliș]]
**[[Ohaba]]
** [[Ohaba]]
**[[Pianu]]
** [[Pianu]]
**[[Poiana Vadului]]
** [[Poiana Vadului]]
**[[Ponor, Alba|Ponor]]
** [[Ponor, Alba|Ponor]]
**[[Poșaga]]
** [[Poșaga]]
**[[Rădești, Alba|Rădești]]
** [[Rădești, Alba|Rădești]]
**[[Râmeț]]
** [[Râmeț]]
**[[Rimetea]]
** [[Rimetea]]
**[[Roșia de Secaș]]
** [[Roșia de Secaș]]
**[[Roșia Montană, Alba|Roșia Montană]]
** [[Roșia Montană, Alba|Roșia Montană]]
**[[Sălciua]]
** [[Sălciua]]
**[[Săliștea]]
** [[Săliștea]]
**[[Sâncel]]
** [[Sâncel]]
**[[Sântimbru, Alba|Sântimbru]]
** [[Sântimbru, Alba|Sântimbru]]
**[[Săsciori]]
** [[Săsciori]]
**[[Scărișoara, Alba|Scărișoara]]
** [[Scărișoara, Alba|Scărișoara]]
**[[Șibot]]
** [[Șibot]]
**[[Sohodol]]
** [[Sohodol]]
**[[Șona]]
** [[Șona]]
**[[Șpring]]
** [[Șpring]]
**[[Stremț]]
** [[Stremț]]
**[[Șugag]]
** [[Șugag]]
**[[Unirea, Alba|Unirea]]
** [[Unirea, Alba|Unirea]]
**[[Vadu Moților]]
** [[Vadu Moților]]
**[[Valea Lungă, Alba|Valea Lungă]]
** [[Valea Lungă, Alba|Valea Lungă]]
**[[Vidra, Alba|Vidra]]
** [[Vidra, Alba|Vidra]]
**[[Vințu de Jos]]
** [[Vințu de Jos]]

{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


Line 360: Line 387:
| other_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = County (''Județ'')
| settlement_type = County (''Județ'')
| image_skyline =Alba Iulia Inspectoratul.JPG
| image_skyline = Alba Iulia Inspectoratul.JPG
| image_caption =The Alba County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently the headquarters of the Alba County Schools Inspectorate.
| image_caption = The Alba County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently the headquarters of the Alba County Schools Inspectorate.
| image_flag =
| image_flag =
| flag_link =
| flag_link =
Line 376: Line 403:
| government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| government_type =
| leader_party =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Prefect (Romania)|Prefect]]
| leader_title = [[Prefect (Romania)|Prefect]]
| leader_name =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_title1 =
Line 390: Line 417:
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
Line 411: Line 438:
| population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 213795
| population_total = 213795
| population_density_km2 =auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_metro =
Line 422: Line 449:
| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset = +2
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| postal_code =
Line 432: Line 459:
| website =
| website =
}}
}}
Historically, Alba de Jos county was located in the central-western part of [[Greater Romania]], in the southwestern part of [[Transylvania]] with a territory identical with the old [[Alsó-Fehér County]] of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by [[Hunedoara County]], to the north by [[Turda County]], and to the east by the counties of [[Sibiu County|Sibiu]] and [[Târnava-Mică County|Târnava-Mică]]. Its territory included the central part of the current Alba County.
Historically, Alba de Jos County was located in the central-western part of [[Greater Romania]], in the southwestern part of [[Transylvania]], with a territory identical with the old [[Alsó-Fehér County]] of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by [[Hunedoara County]], to the north by [[Turda County]], and to the east by the counties of [[Sibiu County|Sibiu]] and [[Târnava-Mică County|Târnava-Mică]]. Its territory included the central part of the current Alba County.


===Administration===
=== Administration ===
[[File:1938 map of interwar county Alba.jpg|thumb|right|310px|Map of Alba County as constituted in 1938.]]
[[File:1938 map of interwar county Alba.jpg|thumb|right|310px|Map of Alba County as constituted in 1938.]]


The county originally consisted of seven districts (''[[plasă|plăṣi]]''):<ref name=Memoria>[http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/alba/ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Alba]</ref>
The county originally consisted of seven districts (''[[plasă|plăși]]''):<ref name=Memoria>[http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/alba/ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Alba]</ref>

#Plasa Abrud (headquarters at [[Abrud]])
#Plasa Aiud (headquarters at [[Aiud]])
# Plasa Abrud (headquarters at [[Abrud]])
#Plasa Ighiu (headquarters at [[Ighiu, Alba|Ighiu]])
# Plasa Aiud (headquarters at [[Aiud]])
#Plasa Ocna Mureș (headquarters at [[Ocna Mureș]])
# Plasa Ighiu (headquarters at [[Ighiu, Alba|Ighiu]])
#Plasa Sebeș (headquarters at [[Sebeș]])
# Plasa Ocna Mureș (headquarters at [[Ocna Mureș]])
#Plasa Teiuș (headquarters at [[Teiuș]])
# Plasa Sebeș (headquarters at [[Sebeș]])
#Plasa Vințu de Jos (headquarters at [[Vințu de Jos]])
# Plasa Teiuș (headquarters at [[Teiuș]])
# Plasa Vințu de Jos (headquarters at [[Vințu de Jos]])


Subsequently, Plasa Ighiu was abolished and two other districts were established, leaving these:
Subsequently, Plasa Ighiu was abolished and two other districts were established, leaving these:
#Plasa Abrud (seven villages, headquarters at [[Abrud]])
#Plasa Aiud (thirty-three villages, headquarters at [[Aiud]])
#Plasa Alba Iulia (eighteen villages, headquarters at [[Alba Iulia]])
#Plasa Ocna Mureș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at [[Ocna Mureș]])
#Plasa Sebeș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at [[Sebeș]])
#Plasa Teiuș (twenty villages, headquarters at [[Teiuș]])
#Plasa Vințu de Jos (thirteen villages, headquarters at [[Vințu de Jos]])
#Plasa Zlatna (eighteen villages, headquarters at [[Zlatna]])


# Plasa Abrud (seven villages, headquarters at [[Abrud]])
There were four towns: [[Alba Iulia|Alba-Iulia]], [[Abrud]], [[Aiud]] and [[Sebeș]].
# Plasa Aiud (thirty-three villages, headquarters at [[Aiud]])
# Plasa Alba Iulia (eighteen villages, headquarters at [[Alba Iulia]])
# Plasa Ocna Mureș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at [[Ocna Mureș]])
# Plasa Sebeș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at [[Sebeș]])
# Plasa Teiuș (twenty villages, headquarters at [[Teiuș]])
# Plasa Vințu de Jos (thirteen villages, headquarters at [[Vințu de Jos]])
# Plasa Zlatna (eighteen villages, headquarters at [[Zlatna]])

There were four towns: [[Alba Iulia]], [[Abrud]], [[Aiud]], and [[Sebeș]].


=== Population ===
=== Population ===
Line 465: Line 494:


===After 1938===
===After 1938===
After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of [[Ciuc County|Ciuc]], [[Odorhei County|Odorhei]], [[Sibiu County#Historical county|Sibiu]], [[Târnava-Mare County|Târnava Mare]], [[Târnava-Mică County|Târnava Micǎ]] to form [[Ținutul Mureș]]. The county was re-established in 1940, but dissolved again in 1950. It was re-established in 1968 in its current borders.
After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of [[Ciuc County|Ciuc]], [[Odorhei County|Odorhei]], [[Sibiu County#Historical county|Sibiu]], [[Târnava-Mare County|Târnava Mare]], and [[Târnava-Mică County|Târnava Mică]] to form [[Ținutul Mureș]]. The county was re-established in 1940, but dissolved again in 1950. It was re-established in 1968 in its current borders.


==People==
==People==
Line 472: Line 501:
*[[Lucian Blaga]]
*[[Lucian Blaga]]
*[[Avram Iancu]]
*[[Avram Iancu]]
*[[Sofronie of Cioara]]
*[[Ioan Suciu]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 477: Line 508:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==

{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* {{in lang|ro}} [http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/alba/index.html Alba County on memoria.ro]
* {{in lang|ro}} [http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/alba/index.html Alba County on memoria.ro]
Line 484: Line 516:
{{Counties (judete) of Romania}}
{{Counties (judete) of Romania}}
{{Historical counties of Romania}}
{{Historical counties of Romania}}
{{Authority control}}


{{coord|46.1333|N|23.5333|E|source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}
{{coord|46.1333|N|23.5333|E|source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

Latest revision as of 01:26, 21 October 2024

Not to be confused with Scotland.
Alba County
Județul Alba
County
Flag of Alba County
Flag
Coat of arms of Alba County
Coat of arms
Location of Alba County in Romania
Location of Alba County in Romania
Country Romania
Development region1Centru
Historic regionTransylvania
County seatAlba Iulia
Government
 • TypeCounty Council
 • President of the County CouncilIon Dumitrel [ro] (PNL)
 • Prefect2Nicolae Albu [ro]
Area
 • Total
6,242 km2 (2,410 sq mi)
 • Rank16th in Romania
Population
 (2021-12-01)[1]
 • Total
325,941
 • Rank29th in Romania
 • Density52/km2 (140/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
51wxyz3
Area code+40 x584
Car PlatesAB5
GDPUS$ 2.940 billion (2015)
GDP per capitaUS$ 8,970 (2015)
WebsiteCounty Council
County Prefecture
1The developing regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to draw funds from the European Union
2 as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionaries corp
3w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address
4x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks
5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utilitary vehicles & ATVs, etc.) and the ones used outside the county

Alba County (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈalba]) is a county (județ) of Romania located in the historic region of Transylvania. Its capital is Alba Iulia, a city with a population of 63,536.[2]

Name

[edit]

"Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. In Hungarian, the county is known as Fehér megye (fehér also meaning white), and in German as Kreis Karlsburg.

Geography

[edit]
Romanian Counties

This county has a total area of 6,242 km2 (2,410 sq mi), with mountains occupying about 59% of its surface.

The Apuseni Mountains are in the northwest; the northeastern side of the Parâng Mountains group – the Șureanu and Cindrel mountains – are in the south. In the east there is the Transylvanian Plateau with deep but wide valleys. The three main elements are separated by the Mureș River valley.

The main rivers are the Mureș River and its tributaries, the Târnava, the Sebeș, and the Arieș.

Neighbors

[edit]

Economy

[edit]

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Food industry
  • Textile industry
  • Wood industry
  • Mechanical components
  • Paper and packaging materials industry
  • Chemical industry

The mineral resources exploited in Alba county are metals (gold, silver, copper), salt, and construction materials, including marble and granite.

Tourist attractions

[edit]
Gold in quartz, Roșia Montană. Size 4.3 × 2.7 × 1.3 cm.

The main tourist attractions in the county are:

Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 325,941 and the population density was 52.2/km2 (135.2/sq mi).[5]

Ethnic composition of Alba County (2021)

  Romanians (91.36%)
  Romani (4.43%)
  Hungarians (3.91%)
  Germans (Transylvanian Saxons) (0.18%)
  Others (0.11%)
Year County population[6]
1948 361,062 Steady
1956 370,800 Increase
1966 382,786 Increase
1977 409,634 Increase
1992 414,227 Increase
2002 382,747 Decrease
2011 327,224 Decrease
2021 325,941 Decrease






Politics

[edit]

The Alba County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 county councillors, with the following party composition:[7]

    Party Seats Current County Council
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 19                                      
  Social Democratic Party (PSD) 6                                      
  Save Romania Union (USR) 4                                      
  People's Movement Party (PMP) 3                                      

Administrative divisions

[edit]
Alba Iulia (German: Karlsburg/Weißenburg)
Blaj
Sebeș (German: Mühlbach)
Abrud
Baia de Arieș

Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns, and 67 communes.

Historical county

[edit]
Județul Alba
County (Județ)
The Alba County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently the headquarters of the Alba County Schools Inspectorate.
The Alba County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently the headquarters of the Alba County Schools Inspectorate.
Coat of arms of Județul Alba
Coat of arms
Country Romania
Historic regionTransylvania
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Alba-Iulia
Established1925
Area
 • Total
2,433 km2 (939 sq mi)
Population
 (1930)
 • Total
213,795
 • Density88/km2 (230/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Historically, Alba de Jos County was located in the central-western part of Greater Romania, in the southwestern part of Transylvania, with a territory identical with the old Alsó-Fehér County of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by Hunedoara County, to the north by Turda County, and to the east by the counties of Sibiu and Târnava-Mică. Its territory included the central part of the current Alba County.

Administration

[edit]
Map of Alba County as constituted in 1938.

The county originally consisted of seven districts (plăși):[8]

  1. Plasa Abrud (headquarters at Abrud)
  2. Plasa Aiud (headquarters at Aiud)
  3. Plasa Ighiu (headquarters at Ighiu)
  4. Plasa Ocna Mureș (headquarters at Ocna Mureș)
  5. Plasa Sebeș (headquarters at Sebeș)
  6. Plasa Teiuș (headquarters at Teiuș)
  7. Plasa Vințu de Jos (headquarters at Vințu de Jos)

Subsequently, Plasa Ighiu was abolished and two other districts were established, leaving these:

  1. Plasa Abrud (seven villages, headquarters at Abrud)
  2. Plasa Aiud (thirty-three villages, headquarters at Aiud)
  3. Plasa Alba Iulia (eighteen villages, headquarters at Alba Iulia)
  4. Plasa Ocna Mureș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at Ocna Mureș)
  5. Plasa Sebeș (twenty-one villages, headquarters at Sebeș)
  6. Plasa Teiuș (twenty villages, headquarters at Teiuș)
  7. Plasa Vințu de Jos (thirteen villages, headquarters at Vințu de Jos)
  8. Plasa Zlatna (eighteen villages, headquarters at Zlatna)

There were four towns: Alba Iulia, Abrud, Aiud, and Sebeș.

Population

[edit]

According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 212,749, of which 81.5% were Romanians, 11.3% Hungarians, 3.6% Germans, 1.8% Romanies, 1.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 50.1% Eastern Orthodox, 31.6% Greek Catholics, 7.5% Reformed (Calvinists), 3.4% Roman Catholics, 3.3% Evangelical (Lutherans), 1.2% Unitarians, and other minorities.[9]

Urban population

[edit]

In 1930, the urban population of the county was 33,365, of which 58.8% were Romanians, 23.0% Hungarians, 8.2% Germans, 6.2% Jews, 1.6% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 38.3% Eastern Orthodox, 21.4% Greek Catholic, 14.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 7.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 6.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities.[9]

After 1938

[edit]

After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ciuc, Odorhei, Sibiu, Târnava Mare, and Târnava Mică to form Ținutul Mureș. The county was re-established in 1940, but dissolved again in 1950. It was re-established in 1968 in its current borders.

People

[edit]

Notable natives include:

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alba County.
  1. ^ "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  2. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ "Roșia Montană (Verespatak; Vöröspatak; Goldbach), Roșia Montană Commune, Alba County, Romania". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  4. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Roșia Montană Mining Cultural Landscape - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  5. ^ "Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice". Recensamantromania.ro. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  6. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 şi 2011" Archived 22 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  8. ^ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Alba
  9. ^ a b Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pp. 522-524
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Alba County.

46°08′00″N 23°32′00″E / 46.1333°N 23.5333°E / 46.1333; 23.5333

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Alba_County&oldid=1252370385"