Neyyadiappar Temple, Tillaistanam: Difference between revisions
Ssriram mt (talk | contribs) →Saptha Stanam: template change |
Hyphenating |
||
| (28 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}} |
|||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} |
|||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}} |
|||
{{Infobox Hindu temple |
{{Infobox Hindu temple |
||
| name = Tillaistanam |
| name = Tillaistanam |
||
| Line 11: | Line 14: | ||
| district = [[Tanjore]] |
| district = [[Tanjore]] |
||
| locale = Tillaistanam |
| locale = Tillaistanam |
||
| deity = Neyyidaiappar<br>[[Shiva]] |
| deity = Neyyidaiappar<br />[[Shiva]] |
||
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]] |
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]] |
||
| temple_quantity = |
| temple_quantity = |
||
| Line 21: | Line 24: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Neyyadiappar Temple, Tillaistanam''' is a [[Hindu]] temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] located in the village of |
'''Neyyadiappar Temple, Tillaistanam''' is a [[Hindu]] temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] located in the village of Thillaisthanam also known as '''Tillaisthanam''' or '''Thiruneithanam''' in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>''Census of India, 1961, Volume 7; Volume 9''</ref> It is significant to the Hindu sect of [[Saivism|Shaivism]] as one of the Saptasthanam, the seven temples associated with [[Aiyarappar temple]] in [[Thiruvaiyaru]]. Shiva is represented by the ''[[lingam]]'' in the form of Neyyadiappar. His consort [[Parvati]] is depicted as Piraisoodi Amman. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century-CE Tamil Shaiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]''. |
||
The temple is believed to have been built by [[Aditya I|Aditya Chola I]] during 9th century |
The temple is believed to have been built by [[Aditya I|Aditya Chola I]] during 9th century CE and with significant additions from later [[Chola]] kings and by the ruling kings of [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur Nayak]]s. It houses five-tiered gateway towers known as ''[[gopurams]]''. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Neyyadiappar and Amman being the most prominent. |
||
The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 |
The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar. |
||
==Legend== |
|||
As per [[Hindu]] legend, a cow used to milk at a specific place everyday which turned to ghee. When the people around tried to catch the cow, it disappeared. The villagers reported it to the ruling king, who dug up the place to find a [[Lingam]], an iconic representation of Shiva in the place. He is believed to have built the temple. Since ''Nei'' (ghee) ablution was performed, the place came to be known as Neyyadiappar temple. As per the temple legend, a devotee of the temple worshiped the presiding deity by lighting ghee lamps. He picked up palak leaves from the temple. He prayed Shiva for better living as he was ageing, for which Shiva replied that he got return with the palak leaves that he was picking from the temple.<ref name="dinamalar"/> |
|||
==History== |
==History== |
||
[[File:Thillaistanam (7).jpg|250px|left|thumb|The Amman shrine in the second |
[[File:Thillaistanam (7).jpg|250px|left|thumb|The Amman shrine in the second precinct]] |
||
The temple has received contributions from various ruling kings from [[Pandya]]s, [[Pallava]], [[Chola]], [[Chera]] and from Irukkehvel family. The temple in its current form is believed to have been built during the 9th century by Chola king [[Aditya I]] based on various inscriptions in the temple. The earliest inscription in the temple is dated to AD 862 to the fourth year of [[Pandya]] king Marajadaiyan. Marajadaiyan is evidently Varaguna Pandiyan II who made extensive conquest of Chola territory. The two inscriptions in the two jambs on the temple indicating gift of 423 kasum to the presiding deity. The inscription in the opposite jamb indicates gift of 60 ''kalanjus'' of gold for lighting lamps in the temple by Pallava king [[Nandivarman III]]. An undated epigraph indicates hundred |
The temple has received contributions from various ruling kings from [[Pandya]]s, [[Pallava]], [[Chola]], [[Chera]] and from Irukkehvel family. The temple in its current form is believed to have been built during the 9th century by Chola king [[Aditya I]] based on various inscriptions in the temple. The earliest inscription in the temple is dated to AD 862 to the fourth year of [[Pandya]] king Marajadaiyan. Marajadaiyan is evidently Varaguna Pandiyan II who made extensive conquest of Chola territory. The two inscriptions in the two jambs on the temple indicating gift of 423 kasum to the presiding deity. The inscription in the opposite jamb indicates gift of 60 ''kalanjus'' of gold for lighting lamps in the temple by Pallava king [[Nandivarman III]]. An undated epigraph indicates hundred sheep to the temple, possibly by Aditya I.A record of golden lamp to the temple during the 8th regnal year of [[Parantaka I]]. Some of the other inscriptions indicate gifts from Aditya's son Kannaradeva, Parantaka's son Arulkulakesari, the Chola queens Tennavan Mahadevi and Tavayur Kilaradigal. The inscriptions from Parantaka I indicates enquiries about the temple and ''Tiruvisakam festival'' during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Vaikasi. The inscriptions also indicate that they have to be placed in the southern side of the ''Ardhamandapa'', leading to the conclusion that the structure was built during the reign of Aditya I.{{sfn|D.|1973|pp=46-9}} |
||
==Architecture== |
==Architecture== |
||
[[File:Thillaistanam2.jpg|250px|left|thumb |
[[File:Thillaistanam2.jpg|250px|left|thumb|The ''vimana'', the pyramidal roof over the sanctum]] |
||
The temple is located 21 km away from [[Kumbakonam]] on the [[Kumbakonam]]- [[Tiruvaiyaru]]- [[Tanjore]] road. The temple is 3 km away from [[Thirukkandiyur]]. It houses five-tiered gateway towers known as ''[[gopurams]]''. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Neyyadiappar and Balambigai Amman being the most prominent. |
The temple is located 21 km away from [[Kumbakonam]] on the [[Kumbakonam]]- [[Tiruvaiyaru]]- [[Tanjore]] road. The temple is 3 km away from [[Thirukkandiyur]]. It houses five-tiered gateway towers known as ''[[gopurams]]''. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Neyyadiappar and Balambigai Amman being the most prominent.{{sfn|D.|1973|p=43}} The temple has two precincts with the Amman shrine located in the second precinct in a South facing shine. The Amman shrine is dated to 13th century. The shrine houses the image of Balambigai in standing posture and is sported holding ''Akshamala'' and ''Padma'' in her hands, which are usually local features.{{sfn|D.|1973|p=43}} |
||
The presiding deity is housed in the east facing central shrine located axial to the gateway tower. The sanctum (''garbhagriha'') has a square plan with a dimension of {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} and is surmounted by a ''dvitala vimana'' (pyramidal roof), an all stone structure. The pyramidal roof is interspersed with niches with tetragonal semi-pilasters. The corner bays have |
The presiding deity is housed in the east facing central shrine located axial to the gateway tower. The sanctum (''garbhagriha'') has a square plan with a dimension of {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} and is surmounted by a ''dvitala vimana'' (pyramidal roof), an all stone structure. The pyramidal roof is interspersed with niches with tetragonal semi-pilasters. The corner bays have octagonal bases, while the central bays having circular ones. The two circular pilasters with circular shafts on four sides of the ''vimana'' indicates the antiquity of the temple. The feature is possibly termed ''Vrittasputitas'' in ''silpa'' texts like ''[[Shilparatna]]''. Such a feature is otherwise found only in few other temples like [[Tiruttalinathar Temple]] in [[Thiruputhur]], central shrine in [[Moovar Koil]] in [[Kodumbalur]], [[Vijayalaya Choleeswaram]] in [[Narthamalai]], Anantheswara temple in Udayarkudi and [[Kampaheswarar Temple, Thirubuvanam]]. In the first level of the ''vimana'', there are niches of [[Dakshinamurthy]] in the south, a seated four-armed [[Vishnu]] in the west and a seated four-armed [[Brahma]] in the north. There are a number of old images like Sattanatha, ''Devakosha'' on the ''vimana''. The niches of the ''karnakutas'' of the first ''tala'' contains images of a kneeling man on the left and a kneeling lady in the right. Such a feature is otherwise found in [[Dandeeswarar Temple]] in [[Velachery]] and [[Vadathirthesvarar Temple, Andanallur]] in [[Tiruchendurai]].{{sfn|D.|1973|p=44}} |
||
The ''arthamandapa'', the hall preceding the sanctum has a rectangular plan and has the same style of the sanctum. The entrance of the ''arthamandapa'' houses the six-foot images of two ''dvarapalas'', the guardian deities on either sides. The hall has four pillars, with two of them being old ones with octagonal shafts. The hall in front of the ''arthamandapa'' is called the ''mahamandapa'' and has a five-aisled structure. The ''mukhamandapa'', the hall in front of the ''arthamandapa'' is five-aisled and has plain pillars. There are two pillars in the hall with fluted shafts and sedated lions at the base, an architectural feature attributed to early period. |
The ''arthamandapa'', the hall preceding the sanctum has a rectangular plan and has the same style of the sanctum. The entrance of the ''arthamandapa'' houses the six-foot images of two ''dvarapalas'', the guardian deities on either sides. The hall has four pillars, with two of them being old ones with octagonal shafts. The hall in front of the ''arthamandapa'' is called the ''mahamandapa'' and has a five-aisled structure. The ''mukhamandapa'', the hall in front of the ''arthamandapa'' is five-aisled and has plain pillars. There are two pillars in the hall with fluted shafts and sedated lions at the base, an architectural feature attributed to early period.{{sfn|D.|1973|p=44}} |
||
[[File:Thillaistanam (1).jpg|650px|center|thumb|Panoramic view of the temple]] |
[[File:Thillaistanam (1).jpg|650px|center|thumb|Panoramic view of the temple]] |
||
==Saptha Stanam== |
==Saptha Stanam== |
||
{{main|Saptha Stana Temples}} |
|||
[[File:Tillaistanam palanquin.jpg|250px|thumb|left|The decorated palanquin used during the festival]] |
[[File:Tillaistanam palanquin.jpg|250px|thumb|left|The decorated palanquin used during the festival]] |
||
{| style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; |
{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width:275" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!style="background:#A8BDEC;text-align:center;" colspan="2"|[[ |
!style="background:#A8BDEC;text-align:center;" colspan="2"|[[File:Hinduism symbol.png|25px|Om symbol|left]] '''Sapthastanam''' [[File:Hinduism symbol.png|25px|Om symbol|right]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | The seven important temples in and around [[Thiruvaiyaru]] |
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | The seven important temples in and around [[Thiruvaiyaru]] |
||
| Line 60: | Line 67: | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Vedapuriswarar Temple, Thiruvedhikudi|Vedapuriswarar Temple]] ||[[Thiruvedhikudi]] |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Vedapuriswarar Temple, Thiruvedhikudi|Vedapuriswarar Temple]] ||[[Thiruvedhikudi]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Kandeeswarar Temple]] ||[[ |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Kandeeswarar Temple]] ||[[Kandiyur|Thirukkandiyur]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Pushpavananathar Temple, Tiruppoonturutti|Puvananathar Temple]] ||Thirupanturuthi |
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Pushpavananathar Temple, Tiruppoonturutti|Puvananathar Temple]] ||Thirupanturuthi |
||
| Line 67: | Line 74: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|} |
|} |
||
The ''sapthasthanam'' festival is conducted at [[Tiruvaiyaru]] during April |
The ''sapthasthanam'' festival is conducted at [[Tiruvaiyaru]] during April every year. As per Hindu legend, it is the wedding festival of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandikeswara]], the sacred bull of Shiva on the Punarpoosa star during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Panguni''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Madras District Gazetteers: Tiruchirappalli (pt. 1-2)|page=1601|publisher=Government Press|volume=10|issue=2|year=1999|editor-last=B. S. |editor-first=Baliga}}</ref> The festival deity of Aiyarappar temple of Thiruvaiyaru is carried in a decorated glass palanquin along with the images of Nandikeswara and Suyasayambikai to the temples in Thirupazhanam, Thiruchottruthurai, Thiruvedhikudi, Thirukandiyur and Thirupoonthurthi. Each of the festival deities of the respective temples mounted in glass palanquins accompany Aiyarppar on the way to the final destiny, Thillaistanam. There is a grand display of fireworks in Cauvery riverbed outside Thillaistanam temple. The seven palanquins are carried to Aiyarappar temple in Thiruvaiyyaru. Hundreds of people witness the convergence of seven glass palanquins carrying principal deities of respective temples from seven places at Tiruvaiyaru. The devotees perform ''Poochorithal''(flower festival) in which a doll offers flowers to the principal deities in the palanquins. After the ''Poochorithal'', the palanquins leave for their respective temples.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/sapthasthanam-festival-begins/article26904458.ece|title='Sapthasthanam' festival begins|date=21 April 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Temples of Forgotten Glory: A Wide Angle Exposition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItClDwAAQBAJ&q=thillaisthanam+temple&pg=PT205|page=205|last=Venkataraman|first=Sekar|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781645876250}}</ref> |
||
==Worship practices and religious importance== |
|||
[[File:Thillaistanam (5).jpg|250px|right|Images of the sculptures in the second precinct|thumb]] |
|||
The temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaiva]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Ushathkalam at 6:30 a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''[[abhisheka]]'' (sacred bath), ''alankaaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|naivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradhanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Kumbheswarar and Mangalambikai. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshipers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' (Monday) and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'' (Friday), fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''krutigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''chaturthi''. Mahashivaratri during February - March and Thiruvadihari during December are the major festivals celebrated in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Neyyadiappar temple|publisher=Dinamalar|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=382|year=2019|access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref> |
|||
[[Campantar|Tirugnana Sambandar]], a 7th-century Tamil ''Shaivite'' poet, venerated Naganathar in ten verses in ''[[Tevaram]]'', compiled as the ''[[Tirumurai|First Tirumurai]]''. [[Appar]], a contemporary of Sambandar, also venerated Neyyadiappar in 10 verses in ''Tevaram'', compiled as the ''Fifth Tirumurai''. As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 275 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon. The temple is counted as the 52nd in the list of temples in the northern banks of Cauvery.<ref name="appar">{{cite web |url=http://projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0188.pdf|title=Tevaram Of Tirunavukkaracu Cuvamikal Tirumurai 5 part - 2 Poems(510-516)|access-date=2011-12-13 |last=Swamigal |first=Tirunavukkarasu |publisher=projectmadurai.org|pages=33–34}}</ref> The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the northern banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=44|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref> |
|||
==Religious significance== |
|||
[[Campantar|Tirugnana Sambandar]], a 7th-century Tamil ''Saivite'' poet, venerated Naganathar in ten verses in ''[[Tevaram]]'', compiled as the ''[[Tirumurai|First Tirumurai]]''. [[Appar]], a contemporary of Sambandar, also venerated Annamalaiyar in 10 verses in ''Tevaram'', compiled as the ''Fifth Tirumurai''. As the temple is revered in ''Tevaram'', it is classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', one of the 275 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon. |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
| Line 76: | Line 86: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
||
* {{cite report|title=The Mahadeva temple of Tillaisthanam|last=D.|first=Devakunjari|volume=II|issue=III|journal=Damilica|publisher=The State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|editor-last=R.|editor-first=nagaswamy|year=1973|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/Library%20BOOk%20PDF/Damalica%20vol-II.pdf |
* {{cite report|title=The Mahadeva temple of Tillaisthanam|last=D.|first=Devakunjari|volume=II|issue=III|journal=Damilica|publisher=The State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|editor-last=R.|editor-first=nagaswamy|year=1973|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/Library%20BOOk%20PDF/Damalica%20vol-II.pdf}} |
||
* {{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract - Census 2001|url=http://www.census.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations-Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead| |
* {{cite web|title=Primary Census Abstract - Census 2001|url=http://www.census.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations-Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829003438/http://www.census.tn.nic.in/pca2001.aspx|archive-date=2009-08-29}} |
||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{ |
{{commons category|Thillaistanam}} |
||
{{Saptha Stana Temples}} |
|||
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam| ]] |
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam| ]] |
||
[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]] |
[[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]] |
||
Latest revision as of 16:02, 24 October 2024
| Tillaistanam | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Tanjore |
| Deity | Neyyidaiappar Shiva |
| Location | |
| Location | Tillaistanam |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Country | India |
  Location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Geographic coordinates | 10°53′N 79°06′E / 10.883°N 79.100°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Dravidian architecture |
Neyyadiappar Temple, Tillaistanam is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in the village of Thillaisthanam also known as Tillaisthanam or Thiruneithanam in Tamil Nadu, India.[1] It is significant to the Hindu sect of Shaivism as one of the Saptasthanam, the seven temples associated with Aiyarappar temple in Thiruvaiyaru. Shiva is represented by the lingam in the form of Neyyadiappar. His consort Parvati is depicted as Piraisoodi Amman. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century-CE Tamil Shaiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.
The temple is believed to have been built by Aditya Chola I during 9th century CE and with significant additions from later Chola kings and by the ruling kings of Thanjavur Nayaks. It houses five-tiered gateway towers known as gopurams. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Neyyadiappar and Amman being the most prominent.
The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and four yearly festivals on its calendar.
Legend
[edit]As per Hindu legend, a cow used to milk at a specific place everyday which turned to ghee. When the people around tried to catch the cow, it disappeared. The villagers reported it to the ruling king, who dug up the place to find a Lingam, an iconic representation of Shiva in the place. He is believed to have built the temple. Since Nei (ghee) ablution was performed, the place came to be known as Neyyadiappar temple. As per the temple legend, a devotee of the temple worshiped the presiding deity by lighting ghee lamps. He picked up palak leaves from the temple. He prayed Shiva for better living as he was ageing, for which Shiva replied that he got return with the palak leaves that he was picking from the temple.[2]
History
[edit].jpg)
The temple has received contributions from various ruling kings from Pandyas, Pallava, Chola, Chera and from Irukkehvel family. The temple in its current form is believed to have been built during the 9th century by Chola king Aditya I based on various inscriptions in the temple. The earliest inscription in the temple is dated to AD 862 to the fourth year of Pandya king Marajadaiyan. Marajadaiyan is evidently Varaguna Pandiyan II who made extensive conquest of Chola territory. The two inscriptions in the two jambs on the temple indicating gift of 423 kasum to the presiding deity. The inscription in the opposite jamb indicates gift of 60 kalanjus of gold for lighting lamps in the temple by Pallava king Nandivarman III. An undated epigraph indicates hundred sheep to the temple, possibly by Aditya I.A record of golden lamp to the temple during the 8th regnal year of Parantaka I. Some of the other inscriptions indicate gifts from Aditya's son Kannaradeva, Parantaka's son Arulkulakesari, the Chola queens Tennavan Mahadevi and Tavayur Kilaradigal. The inscriptions from Parantaka I indicates enquiries about the temple and Tiruvisakam festival during the Tamil month of Vaikasi. The inscriptions also indicate that they have to be placed in the southern side of the Ardhamandapa, leading to the conclusion that the structure was built during the reign of Aditya I.[3]
Architecture
[edit]
The temple is located 21 km away from Kumbakonam on the Kumbakonam- Tiruvaiyaru- Tanjore road. The temple is 3 km away from Thirukkandiyur. It houses five-tiered gateway towers known as gopurams. The temple has numerous shrines, with those of Neyyadiappar and Balambigai Amman being the most prominent.[4] The temple has two precincts with the Amman shrine located in the second precinct in a South facing shine. The Amman shrine is dated to 13th century. The shrine houses the image of Balambigai in standing posture and is sported holding Akshamala and Padma in her hands, which are usually local features.[4]
The presiding deity is housed in the east facing central shrine located axial to the gateway tower. The sanctum (garbhagriha) has a square plan with a dimension of 6 m (20 ft) and is surmounted by a dvitala vimana (pyramidal roof), an all stone structure. The pyramidal roof is interspersed with niches with tetragonal semi-pilasters. The corner bays have octagonal bases, while the central bays having circular ones. The two circular pilasters with circular shafts on four sides of the vimana indicates the antiquity of the temple. The feature is possibly termed Vrittasputitas in silpa texts like Shilparatna. Such a feature is otherwise found only in few other temples like Tiruttalinathar Temple in Thiruputhur, central shrine in Moovar Koil in Kodumbalur, Vijayalaya Choleeswaram in Narthamalai, Anantheswara temple in Udayarkudi and Kampaheswarar Temple, Thirubuvanam. In the first level of the vimana, there are niches of Dakshinamurthy in the south, a seated four-armed Vishnu in the west and a seated four-armed Brahma in the north. There are a number of old images like Sattanatha, Devakosha on the vimana. The niches of the karnakutas of the first tala contains images of a kneeling man on the left and a kneeling lady in the right. Such a feature is otherwise found in Dandeeswarar Temple in Velachery and Vadathirthesvarar Temple, Andanallur in Tiruchendurai.[5]
The arthamandapa, the hall preceding the sanctum has a rectangular plan and has the same style of the sanctum. The entrance of the arthamandapa houses the six-foot images of two dvarapalas, the guardian deities on either sides. The hall has four pillars, with two of them being old ones with octagonal shafts. The hall in front of the arthamandapa is called the mahamandapa and has a five-aisled structure. The mukhamandapa, the hall in front of the arthamandapa is five-aisled and has plain pillars. There are two pillars in the hall with fluted shafts and sedated lions at the base, an architectural feature attributed to early period.[5]
.jpg)
Saptha Stanam
[edit]
 | |
|---|---|
| The seven important temples in and around Thiruvaiyaru | |
| Temple | Location |
| Aiyarappar temple | Thiruvaiyaru |
| Apathsahayar Temple | Thirupazhanam |
| Odhanavaneswarar Temple | Tiruchotruturai |
| Vedapuriswarar Temple | Thiruvedhikudi |
| Kandeeswarar Temple | Thirukkandiyur |
| Puvananathar Temple | Thirupanturuthi |
| Neyyadiappar Temple | Tillaistanam |
The sapthasthanam festival is conducted at Tiruvaiyaru during April every year. As per Hindu legend, it is the wedding festival of Nandikeswara, the sacred bull of Shiva on the Punarpoosa star during the Tamil month of Panguni.[6] The festival deity of Aiyarappar temple of Thiruvaiyaru is carried in a decorated glass palanquin along with the images of Nandikeswara and Suyasayambikai to the temples in Thirupazhanam, Thiruchottruthurai, Thiruvedhikudi, Thirukandiyur and Thirupoonthurthi. Each of the festival deities of the respective temples mounted in glass palanquins accompany Aiyarppar on the way to the final destiny, Thillaistanam. There is a grand display of fireworks in Cauvery riverbed outside Thillaistanam temple. The seven palanquins are carried to Aiyarappar temple in Thiruvaiyyaru. Hundreds of people witness the convergence of seven glass palanquins carrying principal deities of respective temples from seven places at Tiruvaiyaru. The devotees perform Poochorithal(flower festival) in which a doll offers flowers to the principal deities in the palanquins. After the Poochorithal, the palanquins leave for their respective temples.[7][8]
Worship practices and religious importance
[edit].jpg)
The temple priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the Shaiva community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Ushathkalam at 6:30 a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: abhisheka (sacred bath), alankaaram (decoration), naivethanam (food offering) and deepa aradhanai (waving of lamps) for both Kumbheswarar and Mangalambikai. The worship is held amidst music with nagaswaram (pipe instrument) and tavil (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the Vedas (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshipers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like somavaram (Monday) and sukravaram (Friday), fortnightly rituals like pradosham and monthly festivals like amavasai (new moon day), krutigai, pournami (full moon day) and chaturthi. Mahashivaratri during February - March and Thiruvadihari during December are the major festivals celebrated in the temple.[2]
Tirugnana Sambandar, a 7th-century Tamil Shaivite poet, venerated Naganathar in ten verses in Tevaram, compiled as the First Tirumurai. Appar, a contemporary of Sambandar, also venerated Neyyadiappar in 10 verses in Tevaram, compiled as the Fifth Tirumurai. As the temple is revered in Tevaram, it is classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam, one of the 275 temples that find mention in the Saiva canon. The temple is counted as the 52nd in the list of temples in the northern banks of Cauvery.[9] The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the northern banks of River Kaveri.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Census of India, 1961, Volume 7; Volume 9
- ^ a b "Sri Neyyadiappar temple". Dinamalar. 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ D. 1973, pp. 46–9.
- ^ a b D. 1973, p. 43.
- ^ a b D. 1973, p. 44.
- ^ B. S., Baliga, ed. (1999). Madras District Gazetteers: Tiruchirappalli (pt. 1-2). Vol. 10. Government Press. p. 1601.
- ^ "'Sapthasthanam' festival begins". The Hindu. 21 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ Venkataraman, Sekar (2019). Temples of Forgotten Glory: A Wide Angle Exposition. Notion Press. p. 205. ISBN 9781645876250.
- ^ Swamigal, Tirunavukkarasu. "Tevaram Of Tirunavukkaracu Cuvamikal Tirumurai 5 part - 2 Poems(510-516)" (PDF). projectmadurai.org. pp. 33–34. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
- ^ Ka. Vi., Kannan (2019). River cauvery the most battl(r)ed. Notion Press. p. 44. ISBN 9781684666041.
References
[edit]- D., Devakunjari (1973). R., nagaswamy (ed.). The Mahadeva temple of Tillaisthanam (PDF). Damilica (Report). Vol. II. The State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu.
- "Primary Census Abstract - Census 2001". Directorate of Census Operations-Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009.
External links
[edit]