User:Rbwood/sandbox

The current article "Tropical Disease" has a subsection that looks like: (my edited section is below)

Prevention and treatment of tropical diseases

Some of the strategies for controlling tropical diseases include:

• Draining wetlands to reduce populations of insects and other vectors, or introducing natural predators of the vectors.
• The application of insecticides and/or insect repellents) to strategic surfaces such as clothing, skin, buildings, insect habitats, and bed nets.
• The use of a mosquito net over a bed (also known as a "bed net") to reduce nighttime transmission, since certain species of tropical mosquitoes feed mainly at night.
• Use of water wells, and/or water filtration, water filters, or water treatment with water tablets to produce drinking water free of parasites.
• Sanitation to prevent transmission through human waste.
• In situations where vectors (such as mosquitoes) have become more numerous as a result of human activity, a careful investigation can provide clues: for example, open dumps can contain stagnant water that encourage disease vectors to breed. Eliminating these dumps can address the problem. An education campaign can yield significant benefits at low cost.
• Development and use of vaccines to promote disease immunity.
• Pharmacologic pre-exposure prophylaxis (to prevent disease before exposure to the environment and/or vector).
• Pharmacologic post-exposure prophylaxis (to prevent disease after exposure to the environment and/or vector).
• Pharmacologic treatment (to treat disease after infection or infestation).
• Assisting with economic development in endemic regions. For example, by providing microloans to enable investments in more efficient and productive agriculture. This in turn can help subsistence farming to become more profitable, and these profits can be used by local populations for disease prevention and treatment, with the added benefit of reducing the poverty rate.^{[citation needed]}
• Work has been done to engineer genetically modified mosquitos that cannot spread diseases, such as malaria

My edited version is below. Words that are italics are my own. The rest is from the original article

Prevention and treatment of tropical diseases

Vector-borne diseases

Vectors are living organisms that pass disease between humans or from animal to human. The vector carrying the highest number of diseases is the mosquito, which is responsible for the tropical diseases dengue and malaria. Many different approaches have been taken to treat and prevent these diseases. NIH-funded research has produced genetically modify mosquitoes that are unable to spread diseases such as malaria. An issue with this approach is global accessibility to genetic engineering technology; Approximately 50% of scientists in the field do not have access to information on genetically modified mosquito trials being conducted.

• Draining wetlands to reduce populations of insects and other vectors, or introducing natural predators of the vectors.
• The application of insecticides and/or insect repellents) to strategic surfaces such as clothing, skin, buildings, insect habitats, and bed nets.
• The use of a mosquito net over a bed (also known as a "bed net") to reduce nighttime transmission, since certain species of tropical mosquitoes feed mainly at night.

Sexually transmitted diseases

Both pharmacologic pre-exposure prophylaxis (to prevent disease before exposure to the environment and/or vector) and pharmacologic post-exposure prophylaxis (to prevent disease after exposure to the environment and/or vector) are used to prevent and treat HIV.

Community approaches

Assisting with economic development in endemic regions can contribute to prevention and treatment of tropical diseases. For example, microloans enables communities to invest in health programs that lead to more effective disease treatment and prevention technology.

Educational campaigns can aid in the prevention of various diseases. Educating children about how diseases spread and how they can be prevented has proven to be effective in practicing preventative measures. Educational campaigns can yield significant benefits at low costs.

Other approaches

• Use of water wells, and/or water filtration, water filters, or water treatment with water tablets to produce drinking water free of parasites.
• Sanitation to prevent transmission through human waste.
• Development and use of vaccines to promote disease immunity

For my area, the article "Health in Peru" looks like:

Current issues

The risk of infectious disease in Peru is considered to be very high. Common ailments include waterborne bacterial diseases, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever, and leptospirosis. In 2010, the World Health Organization collected data about the life expectancy of people living in Peru. It found that, on average, life expectancy for men at birth is 74 years, while for women it is 77. These values are higher than the global averages of 66 and 71 years, respectively. In the population under five years of age, common causes of death are congenital anomalies, prematurity, injuries, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, diarrhea, and HIV/AIDS. The mortality rate of this population has been decreasing steadily since 1990 and now stands at 19 deaths per 1000 live births.

Many of the people that comprise Peru’s indigenous population experience health issues due to the environments in which they live. Many of these places are extremely isolated and there is often reduced access to food, water, and shelter, as well as to basic healthcare. According to one study, infant mortality in indigenous communities can be 3-4 times higher than national averages.

In recent years, there has been a trend of migration to urban areas, which has subjected some indigenous people to the effects of acculturation. There have been increased reports of health issues such as alcoholism, obesity, and hypertension, which are generally observed more often in urban populations. Perhaps because of these health risks, many indigenous people choose to live in voluntary isolation from mainstream society.

My edited version is below. I changed the section "current issues" to "health in Peru today" and added subsections to that portion. I also got rid of some sentences that did not have sources or seemed like original research.

Health in Peru today

In many ways, health in Peru has been improving. In 2010, the World Health Organization collected data about the life expectancy of people living in Peru. It found that, on average, life expectancy for men at birth is 74 years, while for women it is 77. These values are higher than the global averages of 66 and 71 years, respectively. The mortality rate of this population has been decreasing steadily since 1990 and now stands at 19 deaths per 1000 live births. Regardless of this improvement, health in Peru still faces some challenges today. Marginalized groups, such as individuals living in rural areas and indigenous populations, are especially at risk for health related issues.

Healthcare system

Peru has a decentralized healthcare system that consists of a combination of governmental and non-governmental coverage. Health care is covered by the Ministry of Health, EsSalud, the Armed Forces (FFAA), and National Police (PNP), as well private insurance companies. The Ministry of Health insures 60% of the population and EsSalud covers another 30%. The remaining population in Peru is insured by a combination of the FFAA, PNP, and private insurance companies.

Current issues

• The risk of infectious disease in Peru is considered to be very high. Common ailments include waterborne bacterial diseases, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever, and leptospirosis.

• In the population under five years of age, common causes of death are congenital anomalies, prematurity, injuries, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, diarrhea, and HIV/AIDS.
• Demand for health workers in Peru has increased over time. The number of health workers per area is not evenly distributed, and many rural areas lack the amount of health workers they need. The country has been working to solve this problem by incentivizing health care providers to remain in rural areas, however this has yet to solve the issue
• Climate change also has a significant impact on the quality of health in Peru today. Small changes in climate allow for the vectors that spread diseases like dengue and yellow fever to thrive. Deforestation that contributes to climate change may also be a factor, as it allows more carriers of pathogens to move between previously unaffected areas.

Indigenous Health

Indigenous populations in Peru generally face worse health risks than other populations in the country. One source of this issue is access to health facilities. Health facilities are often a large distance away from indigenous communities and are difficult to access. Many indigenous communities within Peru are located in areas that have little land transportation. This hinders the indigenous population's ability to access care facilities. Distance along with financial constraints act as deterrents from seeking medical help. Furthermore, the Peruvian government has yet to devote significant amounts of resources to improving the quality and access to care in rural areas.

Traditional medicine is widely used in indigenous populations and it is debated whether this is a factor in the quality of health in these communities. The indigenous groups of the Peruvian Amazon practice traditional medicine and healing at an especially high rate; Traditional medicine is more affordable and accessible than other alternatives and has cultural significance. It has been argued that the use of traditional medicine may keep indigenous populations from seeking help for diseases such as tuberculosis, however this has been disproven. While some indigenous individuals choose to practice traditional medicine before seeking help from a medical professional, this number is negligible and the use of traditional medicine does not seem to prevent indigenous groups seeking medical attention.

Not related article that I edited:

Neglected Tropical Diseases:

Edited the following pre-existing sentence. It did not seem complete and needed a citation.

"Symptoms, generally appearing 5-7 days after exposure, can be confused with dengue and include fever, rash, headache, joint pain, and swelling"