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{{for|the scientist|Claudia Roth (paleobiologist)}}
{{About|German politician|the scientist|Claudia Roth (paleobiologist)|American writer and journalist|Claudia Roth Pierpont}}
{{short description|German politician (Green Party), Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Claudia Roth
|name = Claudia Roth
|image = [[Image:Roth, Claudia-0613.jpg|220px]]
|image = Roth, Claudia-0613.jpg


|office = [[President of the Bundestag|Vice President of the Bundestag]] <br /> <small>(on proposal of the Alliance90/The Greens group)</small>
| office = [[German Chancellery|Minister of State in the Chancellery]]<br />Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media
| chancellor = [[Olaf Scholz]]
|term_start = 22 October 2013
| term_start = 8 December 2021
|president = [[Norbert Lammert]]<br />[[Wolfgang Schäuble]]
| term_end =
|predecessor = [[Katrin Göring-Eckardt]]
|successor =
| predecessor = [[Monika Grütters]]
| successor =


|office1 = Leader of the [[Alliance '90/The Greens]]
|office1 = [[President of the Bundestag|Vice President of the Bundestag]] <br /> <small>(on proposal of the Alliance 90/The Greens group)</small>
|term_start1 = 2 October 2004
|term_start1 = 22 October 2013
|term_end1 = 19 October 2013
|term_end1 = 8 December 2021
|president1 = [[Norbert Lammert]]<br />[[Wolfgang Schäuble]]<br />[[Bärbel Bas]]
|predecessor1 = [[Angelika Beer]]
|predecessor1 = [[Katrin Göring-Eckardt]]
|successor1 = [[Simone Peter]]
|successor1 = Katrin Göring-Eckardt
|alongside1 = [[Reinhard Bütikofer]] and [[Cem Özdemir]]
|term_start2 = 9 March 2001
|term_end2 = 7 December 2002
|predecessor2 = [[Renate Künast]]
|successor2 = [[Angelika Beer]]
|alongside2 = [[Fritz Kuhn]]


|office2 = Leader of the [[Alliance 90/The Greens]]
|office3 = [[Second Schröder cabinet|Federal Commissioner for Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid]]
|term_start2 = 2 October 2004
|term_start3 = 14 March 2003
|term_end3 = 2 October 2004
|term_end2 = 19 October 2013
|predecessor3 = [[Gerd Poppe]]
|predecessor2 = [[Angelika Beer]]
|successor3 = [[Tom Koenigs]]
|successor2 = [[Simone Peter]]
|alongside2 = [[Reinhard Bütikofer]] and [[Cem Özdemir]]
|chancellor3 = [[Gerhard Schröder]]
|minister3 = [[Joschka Fischer]]


|term_start3 = 9 March 2001
|office4 = Member of the [[Bundestag]] <br /> for [[Bavaria]]
|term_start4 = 22 September 2002
|term_end3 = 7 December 2002
|predecessor3 = [[Renate Künast]]
|term_end4 =
|successor3 = [[Angelika Beer]]
|constituency4 = [[Electoral system of Germany|Alliance '90/The Greens List]]
|alongside3 = [[Fritz Kuhn]]
|term_start5 = 27 September 1998
|term_end5 = 21 March 2001
|constituency5 = [[Electoral system of Germany|Alliance '90/The Greens List]]


|office4 = [[Second Schröder cabinet|Federal Commissioner for Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid]]
|office6 = [[Member of the European Parliament]] <br /> for [[Germany (European Parliament constituency)|Germany]]
|term_start6 = 15 June 1989
|term_start4 = 14 March 2003
|term_end4 = 2 October 2004
|term_end6 = 27 September 1998
|predecessor4 = Gerd Poppe
|constituency6 = [[Electoral system of Germany|Alliance '90/The Greens List]]
|successor4 = Tom Koenigs
|chancellor4 = [[Gerhard Schröder]]
|minister4 = [[Joschka Fischer]]

|office5 = [[Member of the German Bundestag|Member]] of the [[Bundestag]] <br /> for [[Bavaria]]
|term_start5 = [[2002 German federal election|17 October 2002]]
|term_end5 =
| successor5 =
| predecessor5 = ''multi-member district''
|constituency5 = [[Electoral system of Germany|Alliance 90/The Greens List]]
|term_start6 = [[1998 German federal election|26 October 1998]]
|term_end6 = 31 March 2001
| successor6 = [[Gerald Häfner]]
| predecessor6 = ''multi-member district''
|constituency6 = [[Electoral system of Germany|Alliance 90/The Greens List]]

|office7 = [[Member of the European Parliament|Member]] of the [[European Parliament]] <br /> for [[Germany (European Parliament constituency)|Germany]]
|term_start7 = [[1989 European Parliament election in West Germany|25 July 1989]]
|term_end7 = 18 November 1998
| successor7 = Ozan Ceyhun
| predecessor7 = ''multi-member district''


|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|5|15|df=y}}
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|5|15|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Ulm]], [[West Germany]]<br />{{small|(now [[Germany]])}}
|birth_place = [[Ulm]], West Germany
|death_date =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|death_place =
|party = '''''{{flag|Germany|name=German}}:'''''<br />[[Alliance 90/The Greens]]<br />'''''{{flag|EU}}:'''''<br />[[The Greens–European Free Alliance]]
|party = '''''{{flag|Germany|name=German}}:'''''<br />[[Alliance 90/The Greens]]<br />'''''{{flag|EU}}:'''''<br />[[The Greens–European Free Alliance]]
|alma_mater = [[Ludwig Maximilian University]]<br />(did not graduate)
|spouse =
|children =
|alma_mater = [[Ludwig Maximilian University]] <br /> (did not graduate)
}}
}}
'''Claudia Benedikta Roth''' (born 15 May 1955 in [[Ulm]]) is a [[Germany|German]] [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Green Party]] [[politician]]. She was one of the two party chairs from 2004 to 2013 and currently serves as one of the [[President of the Bundestag|vice presidents]] of the ''[[Bundestag]]''.
'''Claudia Benedikta Roth''' ({{IPA|de|ˈklaʊdi̯a ˈʁoːt|lang}}; born 15 May 1955) is a German politician ([[Alliance 90/The Greens]]). She was one of the two party chairs from 2004 to 2013 and previously served as one of the [[President of the Bundestag|vice presidents]] of the ''[[Bundestag]]''. She is currently serving as ''Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media'' [[:de:Beauftragter der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien|[de]]] in the government of [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] [[Olaf Scholz]] since 2021.


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Claudia Roth began her artistic work, which she always regarded as also being political, in the 1970s as a trained artistic director at a theatre in [[Memmingen]]. She then worked at the municipal theatre in [[Dortmund]] and the Hoffmanns-Comic-Teater, and subsequently became involved as a manageress with the political rock band "[[Ton Steine Scherben]]" until 1985, when the band disbanded due to the band's high debt burden.
Roth was born in [[Ulm]], Germany. She began her artistic work, which she always regarded as also being political, in the 1970s as a trained artistic director at a theatre in [[Memmingen]]. She then worked at the municipal theatre in [[Dortmund]] and the Hoffmanns-Comic-Teater, and subsequently began managing the political rock band "[[Ton Steine Scherben]]" until 1985, when the band disbanded due to the band's high debt burden.


She came into contact with the [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Green party]] on election campaign tours. In 1985, she became press spokesperson for the Green Party's parliamentary group in the [[Bundestag]], despite being a newcomer to this line of work.
She came into contact with the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Green party]] on election campaign tours. In 1985, she became press spokesperson for the Green Party's parliamentary group in the [[Bundestag]], despite being a newcomer to this line of work.


=== Member of the European Parliament ===
=== Member of the European Parliament ===
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From 1989 to 1990, Roth briefly served as deputy chairperson of the [[The Green Group in the European Parliament|Green Group in the European Parliament]].
From 1989 to 1990, Roth briefly served as deputy chairperson of the [[The Green Group in the European Parliament|Green Group in the European Parliament]].


In the [[1994 European Parliament election in Germany|1994 European elections]], Roth was again elected to the European Parliament as a lead candidate of Alliance 90/The Greens. She was chairperson of the Green Group in the European Parliament until 1998, first alongside co-chairman [[Alexander Langer]] (1994-1995) and later [[Magda Aelvoet]] (1995-1998). During this second term as an MEP, she was again a member of the [[European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs]], the [[European Parliament Subcommittee on Human Rights|Sub-Committee on Human Rights]] and the EC-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee, of which she was elected deputy chairperson. She also remained involved with the Committee on Foreign Affairs as a substitute member.
In the [[1994 European Parliament election in Germany|1994 European elections]], Roth was again elected to the European Parliament as a lead candidate of Alliance 90/The Greens. She was chairperson of the Green Group in the European Parliament until 1998, first alongside co-chairman [[Alexander Langer]] (1994–1995) and later [[Magda Aelvoet]] (1995–1998). During this second term as an MEP, she was again a member of the [[European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs]], the [[European Parliament Subcommittee on Human Rights|Sub-Committee on Human Rights]] and the EC-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee, of which she was elected deputy chairperson. She also remained involved with the Committee on Foreign Affairs as a substitute member.


=== Member of the German Bundestag ===
=== Member of the German Bundestag ===
[[file:Claudia roth.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Roth in 2005]]
Claudia Roth ended her work as an MEP when she became part of the [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] parliamentary group in the Bundestag after the [[1998 German federal election]]. She became a member of the Committee on the Affairs of the European Union and a substitute member of the Committee on Internal Affairs of the German Bundestag. Furthermore, she was elected chairperson of the newly established Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid.
Claudia Roth ended her work as an MEP when she became part of the [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] parliamentary group in the Bundestag after the [[1998 German federal election]]. She became a member of the Committee on the Affairs of the [[European Union]] and a substitute member of the Committee on Internal Affairs of the German Bundestag. Furthermore, she was elected chairperson of the newly established [[Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid]].


On 9 March 2001, Roth was elected Federal chairperson of Alliance 90/The Greens at the party conference in [[Stuttgart]] and resigned as a Member of the Bundestag at the end of March 2001 as a result. At the same time, she was spokesperson of the Alliance 90/The Greens on women's affairs.
On 9 March 2001, Roth was elected Federal chairperson of Alliance 90/The Greens at the party conference in [[Stuttgart]] and resigned as a Member of the Bundestag at the end of March 2001 as a result. At the same time, she was spokesperson of the Alliance 90/The Greens on women's affairs.
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In the [[2002 German federal election|2002 national elections]], Roth was elected to the Bundestag as Bavarian lead candidate for Alliance 90/The Greens. Since then, she has been a member of the Bundestag's Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Cultural and Media Affairs. She is also cultural affairs spokesperson for the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group in the Bundestag and chairperson of the German-Turkish Parliamentary Friendship Group.
In the [[2002 German federal election|2002 national elections]], Roth was elected to the Bundestag as Bavarian lead candidate for Alliance 90/The Greens. Since then, she has been a member of the Bundestag's Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Cultural and Media Affairs. She is also cultural affairs spokesperson for the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group in the Bundestag and chairperson of the German-Turkish Parliamentary Friendship Group.


Between March 2003 and October 2004, in Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]]’s second cabinet, Roth served as the Federal Government Commissioner for Human Rights Policy and Humanitarian Aid at the [[Federal Foreign Office]].<ref>[http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/sid_3E309E94C6AE9A69CDC3697C2DB5044F/EN/AAmt/Koordinatoren/MR-Koordinator/Uebersicht-MRBeauftragter_node.html The Commissioner for Human Rights Policy] [[Foreign Office (Germany)]]</ref>
Between March 2003 and October 2004, in Chancellor [[Gerhard Schröder]]'s second cabinet, Roth served as the Federal Government Commissioner for Human Rights Policy and Humanitarian Aid at the [[Federal Foreign Office]].<ref>[http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/sid_3E309E94C6AE9A69CDC3697C2DB5044F/EN/AAmt/Koordinatoren/MR-Koordinator/Uebersicht-MRBeauftragter_node.html The Commissioner for Human Rights Policy] [[Foreign Office (Germany)]]</ref>


Roth became federal chairperson of Alliance 90/The Greens again in October 2004 and was re-elected as such several times, most recently in November 2010. In 2012, she failed to become the number one woman in the campaign for the [[2013 German federal election|2013 national elections]]. After this defeat she was unsure to run again for the position of leader of the party's board. Fellow party member [[Volker Beck (politician)|Volker Beck]] started a support campaign in favour of her in social media networks and called it [[candystorm]]. The party members subsequently re-elected Roth with 88.5 percent backing.<ref>Erik Kirschbaum (November 17, 2012), [https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/17/germany-politics-greens-idUSL5E8MH3QW20121117 German Greens avoid split by re-electing leftist] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref>
Roth became federal chairperson of Alliance 90/The Greens again in October 2004 and was re-elected as such several times, most recently in November 2010. In 2012, she failed to become the number-one woman in the campaign for the [[2013 German federal election|2013 national elections]]. After this defeat she was unsure to run again for the position of leader of the party's board. Fellow party member [[Volker Beck (politician)|Volker Beck]] started a support campaign in favour of her in social media networks and called it [[candystorm]]. The party members subsequently re-elected Roth with 88.5 percent backing.<ref>Erik Kirschbaum (17 November 2012), [https://www.reuters.com/article/germany-politics-greens-idUSL5E8MH3QW20121117 "German Greens avoid split by re-electing leftist"], ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref>


Roth served as deputy chairwoman of the German-Iranian Parliamentary Friendship Group between 2005 and 2009 and held the same office in the German-Turkish Friendship Group between 2005 and 2013.
Roth served as deputy chairwoman of the German-Iranian Parliamentary Friendship Group between 2005 and 2009 and held the same office in the German-Turkish Friendship Group between 2005 and 2013.
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Roth was elected as Vice-President of the German Bundestag on 22 October 2013. In addition, she is a member of the parliament's [[Council of Elders of the Bundestag (Germany)|Council of Elders]], which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigning committee chairpersons based on party representation. She also serves as a member of the Committee on Economic Cooperation and Development as well as of the Sub-Committee on Cultural Relations and Education Policy. In addition, she is a member of the Art Advisory Board of the German [[Bundestag]].
Roth was elected as Vice-President of the German Bundestag on 22 October 2013. In addition, she is a member of the parliament's [[Council of Elders of the Bundestag (Germany)|Council of Elders]], which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigning committee chairpersons based on party representation. She also serves as a member of the Committee on Economic Cooperation and Development as well as of the Sub-Committee on Cultural Relations and Education Policy. In addition, she is a member of the Art Advisory Board of the German [[Bundestag]].


In the negotiations to form a [[coalition government]] with the Christian Democrats – both the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) and the [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria]] (CSU) – and the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP) following the [[2017 German federal election|2017 national elections]], Roth was part of the 14-member delegation of the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Green Party]].
In the unsuccessful negotiations to form a [[coalition government]] with the Christian Democrats – both the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU) and the [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria]] (CSU) – and the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP) following the [[2017 German federal election|2017 national elections]], Roth was part of the 14-member delegation of the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Green Party]]. In the negotiations to form a so-called [[traffic light coalition]] of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democrats]] (SPD), the Green Party and the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] following the [[2021 German federal election|2021 federal elections]], she led her party's delegation in the working group on cultural affairs and media; her co-chairs from the other parties are [[Carsten Brosda]] and [[Otto Fricke]].<ref>Andreas Apetz and Thomas Kaspar (22 October 2021), [https://www.fr.de/politik/ampel-koalition-verhandlung-spd-gruene-fdp-arbeitsgruppen-scholz-lindner-baerbock-91069532.html "Ampel-Koalition: Alle Verantwortlichen, AGs und Themen im Überblick"], ''[[Frankfurter Rundschau]]''.</ref>


== Political career ==
== Political career ==


* 1985 - 1989: Press spokeswoman for the [[Alliance '90/The Greens|Green party of West Germany]].
* 1985–1989: Press spokeswoman for the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Green party of West Germany]]
* 1985 - 1998: Member of the [[European Parliament]] (Chairwoman of the Green Party faction from 1994 to 1998).
* 1985–1998: Member of the [[European Parliament]] (Chairwoman of the Green Party faction from 1994 to 1998)
* 1998 - March 2001: Member of the [[Green Party faction (Bundestag)|Green Party faction]] in the German Parliament (Bundestag).
* 1998 – March 2001: Member of the [[Green Party faction (Bundestag)|Green Party faction]] in the German Parliament (Bundestag)
** Chairwoman of the Human Rights Board in the German Parliament
** Chairwoman of the Human Rights Board in the German Parliament
* March 2001 - December 2002: Chairwoman of the German Green Party (together with [[Fritz Kuhn]]).
* March 2001 – December 2002: Chairwoman of the German Green Party (together with [[Fritz Kuhn]])
* 22 September 2002 - today: Member of the [[Green Party faction (Bundestag)|Green Party faction]] in the [[Bundestag]].
* 22 September 2002 – present: Member of the [[Green Party faction (Bundestag)|Green Party faction]] in the [[Bundestag]]
* October 2004 - October 2013: Chairwoman of the German Green Party (together with [[Reinhard Bütikofer]] until 2008, then [[Cem Özdemir]]).
* October 2004 – October 2013: Chairwoman of the German Green Party (together with [[Reinhard Bütikofer]] until 2008, then [[Cem Özdemir]])
* 22 October 2013 - today: [[Presidium of the Bundestag|Vice president]] of the Bundestag.
* 22 October 2013 – present: [[Presidium of the Bundestag|Vice president]] of the Bundestag


==Political positions==
==Political positions==
[[file:2019-04-11 Claudia Roth MdB by Olaf Kosinsky-8852.jpg|thumb|Roth in 2019]]


===On Turkey===
===On Turkey===
Since her time at the European Parliament, Roth has regularly criticized the European Union's "determination to hold Turkey at bay."<ref>Stephen Kinzer (December 15, 1997), [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/15/world/turkey-rejected-will-freeze-ties-to-european-union.html Turkey, Rejected, Will Freeze Ties to European Union] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> In 1995, she expressed doubts about Prime Minister [[Tansu Çiller]]’s ability to bring about human rights reforms as a condition for a [[European Union–Turkey Customs Union]].<ref>Hugh Pope (October 7, 1995), [http://articles.latimes.com/1995-10-07/news/mn-54287_1_southeast-turkey New Allies Push Turkey Premier to the Right] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.</ref> In June 2013, Roth was at the surroundings of the [[Taksim Square]] when the police intervened to evacuate [[Gezi Park]] and was among those affected by the [[tear gas]] fired by security officers.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Following the victory of [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] in the [[2014 Turkish presidential election|2014 presidential election]], she criticized the “dramatic erosion of the democratic system in Turkey.”<ref>Sabrina Pabst (August 10, 2014), [http://www.dw.de/erdogan-is-closing-in-on-the-presidency/a-17843197 Erdogan is closing in on the presidency] ''[[Deutsche Welle]]''.</ref>
Since her time at the European Parliament, Roth has regularly criticized the European Union's "determination to hold Turkey at bay."<ref>Stephen Kinzer (15 December 1997), [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/15/world/turkey-rejected-will-freeze-ties-to-european-union.html "Turkey, Rejected, Will Freeze Ties to European Union"], ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> In 1995, she expressed doubts about Prime Minister [[Tansu Çiller]]'s ability to bring about human rights reforms as a condition for a [[European Union–Turkey Customs Union]].<ref>Hugh Pope (7 October 1995), [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-07-mn-54287-story.html "New Allies Push Turkey Premier to the Right"], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.</ref> In June 2013, Roth was at the surroundings of the [[Taksim Square]] when the police intervened to evacuate [[Gezi Park]] and was among those affected by the [[tear gas]] fired by security officers.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Following the victory of [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] in the [[2014 Turkish presidential election|2014 presidential election]], she criticized the "dramatic erosion of the democratic system in Turkey."<ref>Sabrina Pabst (10 August 2014), [http://www.dw.de/erdogan-is-closing-in-on-the-presidency/a-17843197 "Erdogan is closing in on the presidency"], ''[[Deutsche Welle]]''.</ref>


In May 2017, Roth canceled a visit of a parliamentary delegation to Turkey where participants had planned to talk to opposition lawmakers, governors and rights groups about that year's [[2017 Turkish constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]], saying Ankara had refused to give them a security detail.<ref>Joseph Nasr and Ece Toksabay (May 24, 2017), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-turkey-idUSKBN18K1YM German MPs cancel Turkey visit after security detail dropped] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref>
In May 2017, Roth canceled a visit of a parliamentary delegation to Turkey where participants had planned to talk to opposition lawmakers, governors and rights groups about that year's [[2017 Turkish constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]], saying Ankara had refused to give them a security detail.<ref>Joseph Nasr and Ece Toksabay (24 May 2017), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-turkey-idUSKBN18K1YM "German MPs cancel Turkey visit after security detail dropped"], ''Reuters''.</ref>


===On right-wing extremism===
===On right-wing extremism===
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===On the death penalty===
===On the death penalty===
In 2008, Roth publicly urged incoming U.S. president [[Barack Obama]] to "be pushing for the banning of the death penalty, not for upholding it. The death penalty is the biggest blow against human rights and the right to live. He is not in a position to determine whether people live or die, not even in punishing them for the worst crimes!"<ref>[http://www.bild.de/news/bild-english/death-penalty-for-child-rapist-4975588.bild.html Obama: Death penalty for child rapists!] ''[[Bild]]'', July 2, 2008.</ref> Speaking in her capacity as leader of the Green Party and underlining the profound divergence in opinion concerning [[capital punishment]] in the United States and Western Europe, Roth called the execution of [[Troy Davis]] in 2011 “a cynical and inhumane spectacle that occasions mourning and horror.”<ref>Scott Sayare (September 22, 2011), [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/23/world/europe/davis-execution-leads-to-chorus-of-outrage-in-europe.html In Europe, a Chorus of Outrage Over a U.S. Execution] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> She has also spoken out against capital punishment on numerous other occasions, including the execution of the [[LaGrand case|LaGrand brothers]] in 1999 which she attended.<ref>Michaela Schießl (March 1, 1999), [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-9507443.html Wie ein Tier im Käfig] ''[[Der Spiegel]]''.</ref>
In 2008, Roth publicly urged incoming U.S. president [[Barack Obama]] to "be pushing for the banning of the death penalty, not for upholding it. The death penalty is the biggest blow against human rights and the right to live. He is not in a position to determine whether people live or die, not even in punishing them for the worst crimes!"<ref>[http://www.bild.de/news/bild-english/death-penalty-for-child-rapist-4975588.bild.html "Obama: Death penalty for child rapists!"], ''[[Bild]]'', 2 July 2008.</ref> Speaking in her capacity as leader of the Green Party and underlining the profound divergence in opinion concerning capital punishment in the United States and Western Europe, Roth called the execution of [[Troy Davis]] in 2011 "a cynical and inhumane spectacle that occasions mourning and horror."<ref>Scott Sayare (22 September 2011), [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/23/world/europe/davis-execution-leads-to-chorus-of-outrage-in-europe.html "In Europe, a Chorus of Outrage Over a U.S. Execution"], ''The New York Times''.</ref> She has also spoken out against capital punishment on numerous other occasions, including the execution of the [[LaGrand case|LaGrand brothers]] in 1999 which she attended.<ref>Michaela Schießl (1 March 1999), [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-9507443.html "Wie ein Tier im Käfig"], ''[[Der Spiegel]]''.</ref>


===On patriarchal beauty standards===
===On patriarchal beauty standards===
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===On the use of military force===
===On the use of military force===
Shortly after the U.S. launched [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|military operations in Afghanistan]] in October 2001, Roth criticized the use of [[Cluster munition|antipersonnel cluster bombs]] was "not appropriate". Her statement came a day after some 10,000 people, some of them carrying banners that said "Against repression and war" and "The American way of life is too expensive for our world," turned out in Berlin in a peaceful protest against the bombings.<ref>Steven Erlanger (October 16, 2001), [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/16/world/fissures-in-german-support-for-us-attacks.html Fissures in German Support for U.S. Attacks] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> When the members of the Green Party later defied their pacifist roots and voted overwhelmingly in favor of sending German soldiers to Afghanistan as part of [[NATO]]-led security mission [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]], Roth maintained that "[the Greens] are and remain an antiwar party. But I think that under certain circumstances it must be possible to engage militarily in order to stop violence."<ref>Edmund L. Andrews (November 25, 2001), [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/25/world/german-greens-patch-rift-and-support-use-of-military.html German Greens Patch Rift And Support Use of Military] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>
Shortly after the U.S. launched [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|military operations in Afghanistan]] in October 2001, Roth criticized the use of [[Cluster munition|antipersonnel cluster bombs]] was "not appropriate". Her statement came a day after some 10,000 people, some of them carrying banners that said "Against repression and war" and "The American way of life is too expensive for our world," turned out in Berlin in a peaceful protest against the bombings.<ref>Steven Erlanger (16 October 2001), [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/16/world/fissures-in-german-support-for-us-attacks.html "Fissures in German Support for U.S. Attacks"], ''The New York Times''.</ref> When the members of the Green Party later defied their pacifist roots and voted overwhelmingly in favor of sending German soldiers to Afghanistan as part of [[NATO]]-led security mission [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]], Roth maintained that "[the Greens] are and remain an antiwar party. But I think that under certain circumstances it must be possible to engage militarily in order to stop violence."<ref>Edmund L. Andrews (25 November 2001), [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/25/world/german-greens-patch-rift-and-support-use-of-military.html "German Greens Patch Rift And Support Use of Military"], ''The New York Times''.</ref>


As a consequence, Roth has in the past voted in favor of German participation in [[United Nations peacekeeping|United Nations peacekeeping missions]] as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent, such as in [[Operation Atalanta|Somalia]] (2009, 2010), [[African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur|Darfur/Sudan]] (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015), [[United Nations Mission in South Sudan|South Sudan]] (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015), [[European Union Training Mission Somalia|Mali]] (2014, 2015) and the [[EUFOR RCA|Central African Republic]] (2014). In 2013 and 2014, she abstained from the vote on continuing German participation in [[Operation Atalanta]] in Somalia, and she voted has against the [[European Union Training Mission Somalia]] (2014, 2015 and 2016).
As a consequence, Roth has in the past voted in favor of German participation in [[United Nations peacekeeping]] missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent, such as in [[Operation Atalanta|Somalia]] (2009, 2010), [[African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur|Darfur/Sudan]] (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015), [[United Nations Mission in South Sudan|South Sudan]] (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015), [[European Union Training Mission Somalia|Mali]] (2014, 2015) and the [[EUFOR RCA|Central African Republic]] (2014). In 2013 and 2014, she abstained from the vote on continuing German participation in [[Operation Atalanta]] in Somalia, and she voted has against the [[European Union Training Mission Somalia]] (2014, 2015 and 2016).


===Arms exports===
===Arms exports===
In 2010, Roth publicly called for “more stringent control over and sharper criteria governing arms exports.“<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/booming-business-germany-now-world-s-third-largest-arms-exporter-a-683598.html Booming Business: Germany Now World's Third Largest Arms Exporter] ''[[Spiegel Online]]'', March 15, 2010.</ref> In 2014, she – alongside fellow Green Party parliamentarians [[Katja Keul]] and [[Hans-Christian Ströbele]] – lodged a complaint before the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]], arguing that it was unconstitutional for the government to keep the Bundestag in the dark about planned arms deals because it prevented the parliament from fulfilling its role of keeping the government in check. The court ruled that while the government did not have to disclose information about planned defense exports, it did have an obligation to provide the Bundestag with details, on request, once specific arms deals had been approved.<ref>[http://www.dw.de/german-court-rules-against-more-disclosure-in-arms-deals/a-18009863 German court rules against more disclosure in arms deals] ''[[Deutsche Welle]]'', October 21, 2014.</ref> In a 2015 interview with ''[[Welt am Sonntag]]'', Roth singled out exports to [[Saudi Arabia]] for criticism, calling the country "the top terror exporter in the Middle East" and raising concerns that the country's leaders may turn weapons sold by Germany on their own people.<ref name="df2015">[http://www.dw.de/gabriel-to-call-for-badawi-release-negotiate-contracts/a-18301896 Gabriel to call for Badawi release, negotiate contracts] ''[[Deutsche Welle]]'', March 7, 2015.</ref>
In 2010, Roth publicly called for "more stringent control over and sharper criteria governing arms exports."<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/booming-business-germany-now-world-s-third-largest-arms-exporter-a-683598.html "Booming Business: Germany Now World's Third Largest Arms Exporter"], ''[[Spiegel Online]]'', 15 March 2010.</ref> In 2014, she – alongside fellow Green Party parliamentarians [[Katja Keul]] and [[Hans-Christian Ströbele]] – lodged a complaint before the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]], arguing that it was unconstitutional for the government to keep the Bundestag in the dark about planned arms deals because it prevented the parliament from fulfilling its role of keeping the government in check. The court ruled that while the government did not have to disclose information about planned defense exports, it did have an obligation to provide the Bundestag with details, on request, once specific arms deals had been approved.<ref>[http://www.dw.de/german-court-rules-against-more-disclosure-in-arms-deals/a-18009863 "German court rules against more disclosure in arms deals"], ''Deutsche Welle'', 21 October 2014.</ref> In a 2015 interview with ''[[Welt am Sonntag]]'', Roth singled out exports to [[Saudi Arabia]] for criticism, calling the country "the top terror exporter in the Middle East" and raising concerns that the country's leaders may turn weapons sold by Germany on their own people.<ref name="df2015">[http://www.dw.de/gabriel-to-call-for-badawi-release-negotiate-contracts/a-18301896 "Gabriel to call for Badawi release, negotiate contracts"], ''Deutsche Welle'', 7 March 2015.</ref>


===Relations with Tibet===
===Relations with Tibet===
Roth has met the [[Dalai Lama]] several times during her time in parliament and has been a supporter of the [[Tibetan independence movement|Tibet movement]]. In 2015, Roth addressed the official commemoration of the [[Tibetan Uprising Day|56th Tibetan National Uprising day]] alongside [[Sikyong]] [[Lobsang Sangay]] in [[Dharamshala]].<ref>[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=35843 Deputy Speaker of German parliament to attend 56th official function of Tibetan uprising day] ''[[Phayul.com]]'', March 9, 2015.</ref> Alongside [[Robert Badinter]] and [[Karel Schwarzenberg]], she became one of the first signers of the 2015 Paris Declaration which calls for European governments to develop a coordinated approach in addressing [[China]]’s policies in Tibet.<ref>[http://www.voatibetanenglish.com/content/article/2681736.html Europe Stands With Tibet Rally] ''[[Voice of America]]'', March 16, 2015.</ref>
Roth has met the [[Dalai Lama]] several times during her time in parliament and has been a supporter of the [[Tibetan independence movement|Tibet movement]]. In 2015, Roth addressed the official commemoration of the [[Tibetan Uprising Day|56th Tibetan National Uprising day]] alongside [[Sikyong]] [[Lobsang Sangay]] in [[Dharamshala]].<ref>[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=35843 "Deputy Speaker of German parliament to attend 56th official function of Tibetan uprising day"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412130914/http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=35843 |date=12 April 2015 }} ''[[Phayul.com]]'', 9 March 2015.</ref> Alongside [[Robert Badinter]] and [[Karel Schwarzenberg]], she became one of the first signers of the 2015 Paris Declaration which calls for European governments to develop a coordinated approach in addressing China's policies in Tibet.<ref>[http://www.voatibetanenglish.com/content/article/2681736.html "Europe Stands With Tibet Rally"], ''[[Voice of America]]'', 16 March 2015.</ref>


==Other activities (selection)==
==Other activities (selection)==
* [[Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma]], Member of the Board of Trustees<ref>[https://dokuzentrum.sintiundroma.de/en/about-us/members-of-the-board/ Board of Trustees] [[Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma]].</ref>
* Culture Foundation of the [[German Football Association]] (DFB), Member of the Board of Trustees
* Culture Foundation of the [[German Football Association]] (DFB), Member of the Board of Trustees
* ''Denkwerk Demokratie'', Member of the Advisory Board
* ''Denkwerk Demokratie'', Member of the Advisory Board
* [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]] (GIZ), Member of the Board of Trustees
* [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]] (GIZ), Member of the Board of Trustees
Line 132: Line 149:
* [[Humanist Union]], Member of the Advisory Board
* [[Humanist Union]], Member of the Advisory Board
* International Committee for the Liberation of the Kurdish Parliamentarians Imprisoned in Turkey, Vice President
* International Committee for the Liberation of the Kurdish Parliamentarians Imprisoned in Turkey, Vice President
* International Journalists’ Programmes, Member of the Board of Trustees
* International Journalists' Programmes, Member of the Board of Trustees
* Tarabya Academy, Member of the Advisory Board
* Tarabya Academy, Member of the Advisory Board
* [[University of Augsburg]], Member of the Board of Trustees
* [[University of Augsburg]], Member of the Board of Trustees
* European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, Member of the Board of Directors (2002-2006)
* European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, Member of the board of directors (2002–2006)
* [[German Football Association]] (DFB), Member of the Sustainability Council (2009-2013)
* [[German Football Association]] (DFB), Member of the Sustainability Council (2009–2013)
* German Orient Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees (2002-2006)
* German Orient Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees (2002–2006)


==Recognition==
==Recognition==
* 2004 – [[Legion of Honour|Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur]]
* 2004 – [[Legion of Honour|Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur]]
* 2014 – [[Bavarian Order of Merit]]
* 2014 – [[Bavarian Order of Merit]]


==Criticism==
==Criticism==
Roth has been criticized for her positive relations with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]]. Along with fellow lawmakers [[Günter Gloser]], [[Monika Grütters]], [[Luc Jochimsen]] and [[Peter Gauweiler]], she travelled to [[Iran]] in 2010 to meet with [[Ali Larijani]], [[Manouchehr Mottaki]] and others; the trip was heavily criticized by international human rights organizations.<ref>Benjamin Weinthal (November 16, 2010), [https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703805004575606291893348542 That Treasured German-Iranian Friendship] ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref> In February 2013, she was reprimanded by German media outlets and Iranian dissidents for warmly greeting the Iranian ambassador to Germany, [[Alireza Sheikhattar]], with a [[high five]]; Iranian Kurdish dissidents hold Sheikhattar responsible for the murder of Kurds during his tenure as governor of Iran's [[Kurdistan Province|Kurdistan]] and [[West Azerbaijan Province|West Azerbaijan]] provinces from 1980 to 1985.<ref>{{cite news |title=German Green Party head high-fives Iran’s envoy |author= |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=302821 |newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=11 February 2013 |accessdate=}}</ref>
Roth has been criticized for her positive relations with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]]. Along with fellow lawmakers [[Günter Gloser]], [[Monika Grütters]], [[Luc Jochimsen]] and [[Peter Gauweiler]], she travelled to [[Iran]] in 2010 to meet with [[Ali Larijani]], [[Manouchehr Mottaki]] and others; the trip was heavily criticized by international human rights organizations.<ref>Benjamin Weinthal (16 November 2010), [https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703805004575606291893348542 "That Treasured German-Iranian Friendship"], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.</ref> In February 2013, she was reprimanded by German media outlets and Iranian dissidents for warmly greeting the Iranian ambassador to Germany, [[Alireza Sheikhattar]], with a [[high five]]; Iranian Kurdish dissidents hold Sheikhattar responsible for the murder of Kurds during his tenure as governor of Iran's [[Kurdistan Province|Kurdistan]] and [[West Azerbaijan Province|West Azerbaijan]] provinces from 1980 to 1985.<ref>{{cite news |title=German Green Party head high-fives Iran's envoy |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=302821 |first= Benjamin|last=Weinthal|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=11 February 2013 }}</ref>


In 2015, Roth again led a German parliamentary delegation for a five-day visit to Tehran, including meetings with Iranian Parliament Speaker [[Ali Larijani]], Deputy Speaker [[Mohammad-Hassan Aboutorabi Fard]], Deputy Foreign Minister [[Majid Takht-Ravanchi]], presidential candidate [[Mohammad Reza Aref]] as well as two of President [[Hassan Rouhani]]’s deputies namely [[Shahindokht Molaverdi]], the vice president for women's affairs, and [[Masoumeh Ebtekar]],<ref name="faz.net">[http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/naher-osten/iranisches-parlament-veraergert-ueber-claudia-roth-13394769.html Iran verärgert über Grünen-Politikerin] ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'', January 28, 2015.</ref> the vice president and chairwoman of the Department of Environment;<ref>[http://tehrantimes.com/politics/121179-german-parliamentary-team-due-in-tehran- German parliamentary team due in Tehran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124045926/http://tehrantimes.com/politics/121179-german-parliamentary-team-due-in-tehran- |date=2015-01-24 }} ''[[Tehran Times]]'', January 20, 2015.</ref> she was, however, denied a meeting with human rights activist [[Narges Mohammadi]].<ref name="faz.net"/>
In 2015, Roth again led a German parliamentary delegation for a five-day visit to Tehran, including meetings with Iranian Parliament Speaker [[Ali Larijani]], Deputy Speaker [[Mohammad-Hassan Aboutorabi Fard]], Deputy Foreign Minister [[Majid Takht-Ravanchi]], presidential candidate [[Mohammad Reza Aref]] as well as two of President [[Hassan Rouhani]]'s deputies namely [[Shahindokht Molaverdi]], the vice president for women's affairs, and [[Masoumeh Ebtekar]],<ref name="faz.net">[https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/naher-osten/iranisches-parlament-veraergert-ueber-claudia-roth-13394769.html "Iran verärgert über Grünen-Politikerin"], ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'', 28 January 2015.</ref> the vice president and chairwoman of the Department of Environment;<ref>[http://tehrantimes.com/politics/121179-german-parliamentary-team-due-in-tehran- "German parliamentary team due in Tehran"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124045926/http://tehrantimes.com/politics/121179-german-parliamentary-team-due-in-tehran- |date=24 January 2015}}. ''[[Tehran Times]]'', 20 January 2015.</ref> she was, however, denied a meeting with human-rights activist [[Narges Mohammadi]].<ref name="faz.net"/>

In late February 2024, as the German Minister of Culture, Roth faced criticism from German politicians for permitting what were perceived as "anti-Semitic" remarks by two filmmakers— one of Jewish-Israeli and the other of Muslim Palestinian heritage— during the Berlinale film festival. The filmmakers criticized Israel's actions against the Palestinian populations of Gaza and the West Bank, in their various forms, prominently on the festival stage. After widespread criticism, Roth's ministry released a press statement claiming that she had only applauded for the Israeli filmmaker and not for the Palestinian one.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oltermann |first=Philip |last2= |first2= |date=2024-02-27 |title=German minister says she clapped Israeli film-maker, not his Palestinian colleague, at Berlinale |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/27/german-minister-says-she-was-only-applauding-israeli-filmmaker-at-berlinale |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Roth lives in Berlin's [[Charlottenburg]] district.<ref>Deike Diening (July 3, 2017), [http://www.tagesspiegel.de/themen/agenda/claudia-roth-aufhoeren-geht-gar-nicht/19982324.html Claudia Roth: Aufhören? Geht gar nicht!] ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]''.</ref> In addition, she maintains a holiday home in [[Bodrum]], [[Turkey]].<ref>Antje Hildebrandt (June 19, 2017), [https://www.welt.de/vermischtes/article165701278/Die-Masche-Piep-piep-piep-wir-haben-uns-alle-lieb.html Die Masche „Piep piep piep, wir haben uns alle lieb“] ''[[Die Welt]]''.</ref>
Roth lives in Berlin's [[Charlottenburg]] district.<ref>Deike Diening (3 July 2017), [http://www.tagesspiegel.de/themen/agenda/claudia-roth-aufhoeren-geht-gar-nicht/19982324.html "Claudia Roth: Aufhören? Geht gar nicht!"], ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]''.</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|3}}
{{reflist}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete17/biografien/R/roth_claudia.html| title = Claudia Roth (Augsburg), BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN| language = German| accessdate = 2010-10-19| publisher = [[Deutscher Bundestag]]| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100914214228/http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete17/biografien/R/roth_claudia.html| archivedate = 2010-09-14}}
*{{cite web| url = http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete17/biografien/R/roth_claudia.html| title = Claudia Roth (Augsburg), BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN| language = de| access-date = 19 October 2010| publisher = [[Deutscher Bundestag]]| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100914214228/http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete17/biografien/R/roth_claudia.html| archive-date = 14 September 2010}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
{{Commons}}
* http://www.claudia-roth.de
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191003095903/https://claudia-roth.de/ Official website] (archived)
*[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1057/Claudia_ROTH.html European Parliament data]
*[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1057/Claudia_ROTH.html European Parliament data]


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Latest revision as of 23:37, 11 December 2024

This article is about German politician. For the scientist, see Claudia Roth (paleobiologist). For American writer and journalist, see Claudia Roth Pierpont.

Claudia Roth
Minister of State in the Chancellery
Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media
Incumbent
Assumed office
8 December 2021
ChancellorOlaf Scholz
Preceded byMonika Grütters
Vice President of the Bundestag
(on proposal of the Alliance 90/The Greens group)
In office
22 October 2013 – 8 December 2021
PresidentNorbert Lammert
Wolfgang Schäuble
Bärbel Bas
Preceded byKatrin Göring-Eckardt
Succeeded byKatrin Göring-Eckardt
Leader of the Alliance 90/The Greens
In office
2 October 2004 – 19 October 2013
Preceded byAngelika Beer
Succeeded bySimone Peter
In office
9 March 2001 – 7 December 2002
Serving with Fritz Kuhn
Preceded byRenate Künast
Succeeded byAngelika Beer
Federal Commissioner for Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid
In office
14 March 2003 – 2 October 2004
ChancellorGerhard Schröder
MinisterJoschka Fischer
Preceded byGerd Poppe
Succeeded byTom Koenigs
Member of the Bundestag
for Bavaria
Incumbent
Assumed office
17 October 2002
Preceded bymulti-member district
ConstituencyAlliance 90/The Greens List
In office
26 October 1998 – 31 March 2001
Preceded bymulti-member district
Succeeded byGerald Häfner
ConstituencyAlliance 90/The Greens List
Member of the European Parliament
for Germany
In office
25 July 1989 – 18 November 1998
Preceded bymulti-member district
Succeeded byOzan Ceyhun
Personal details
Born (1955-05-15) 15 May 1955 (age 69)
Ulm, West Germany
Political party German:
Alliance 90/The Greens
 EU:
The Greens–European Free Alliance
Alma materLudwig Maximilian University
(did not graduate)

Claudia Benedikta Roth (German: [ˈklaʊdi̯a ˈʁoːt]; born 15 May 1955) is a German politician (Alliance 90/The Greens). She was one of the two party chairs from 2004 to 2013 and previously served as one of the vice presidents of the Bundestag. She is currently serving as Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media [de] in the government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz since 2021.

Biography

[edit]

Roth was born in Ulm, Germany. She began her artistic work, which she always regarded as also being political, in the 1970s as a trained artistic director at a theatre in Memmingen. She then worked at the municipal theatre in Dortmund and the Hoffmanns-Comic-Teater, and subsequently began managing the political rock band "Ton Steine Scherben" until 1985, when the band disbanded due to the band's high debt burden.

She came into contact with the Green party on election campaign tours. In 1985, she became press spokesperson for the Green Party's parliamentary group in the Bundestag, despite being a newcomer to this line of work.

Member of the European Parliament

[edit]

In West Germany's 1989 European elections, Roth was elected for the first time as a Member of the European Parliament for the Greens.

Roth served as a member of the new Committee on Civic Liberties and Internal Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Sub-Committee on Human Rights. In addition, she was a member of two committees of inquiry in the European Parliament, namely the Committee of Inquiry into Racism and Xenophobia and the Committee of Inquiry into Links between Organized Crime and Drugs, as well as of the EC-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee.

From 1989 to 1990, Roth briefly served as deputy chairperson of the Green Group in the European Parliament.

In the 1994 European elections, Roth was again elected to the European Parliament as a lead candidate of Alliance 90/The Greens. She was chairperson of the Green Group in the European Parliament until 1998, first alongside co-chairman Alexander Langer (1994–1995) and later Magda Aelvoet (1995–1998). During this second term as an MEP, she was again a member of the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, the Sub-Committee on Human Rights and the EC-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee, of which she was elected deputy chairperson. She also remained involved with the Committee on Foreign Affairs as a substitute member.

Member of the German Bundestag

[edit]
Roth in 2005

Claudia Roth ended her work as an MEP when she became part of the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group in the Bundestag after the 1998 German federal election. She became a member of the Committee on the Affairs of the European Union and a substitute member of the Committee on Internal Affairs of the German Bundestag. Furthermore, she was elected chairperson of the newly established Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid.

On 9 March 2001, Roth was elected Federal chairperson of Alliance 90/The Greens at the party conference in Stuttgart and resigned as a Member of the Bundestag at the end of March 2001 as a result. At the same time, she was spokesperson of the Alliance 90/The Greens on women's affairs.

In the 2002 national elections, Roth was elected to the Bundestag as Bavarian lead candidate for Alliance 90/The Greens. Since then, she has been a member of the Bundestag's Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Cultural and Media Affairs. She is also cultural affairs spokesperson for the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group in the Bundestag and chairperson of the German-Turkish Parliamentary Friendship Group.

Between March 2003 and October 2004, in Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's second cabinet, Roth served as the Federal Government Commissioner for Human Rights Policy and Humanitarian Aid at the Federal Foreign Office.[1]

Roth became federal chairperson of Alliance 90/The Greens again in October 2004 and was re-elected as such several times, most recently in November 2010. In 2012, she failed to become the number-one woman in the campaign for the 2013 national elections. After this defeat she was unsure to run again for the position of leader of the party's board. Fellow party member Volker Beck started a support campaign in favour of her in social media networks and called it candystorm. The party members subsequently re-elected Roth with 88.5 percent backing.[2]

Roth served as deputy chairwoman of the German-Iranian Parliamentary Friendship Group between 2005 and 2009 and held the same office in the German-Turkish Friendship Group between 2005 and 2013.

Vice-President of the German Bundestag

[edit]

Roth was elected as Vice-President of the German Bundestag on 22 October 2013. In addition, she is a member of the parliament's Council of Elders, which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigning committee chairpersons based on party representation. She also serves as a member of the Committee on Economic Cooperation and Development as well as of the Sub-Committee on Cultural Relations and Education Policy. In addition, she is a member of the Art Advisory Board of the German Bundestag.

In the unsuccessful negotiations to form a coalition government with the Christian Democrats – both the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) – and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) following the 2017 national elections, Roth was part of the 14-member delegation of the Green Party. In the negotiations to form a so-called traffic light coalition of the Social Democrats (SPD), the Green Party and the FDP following the 2021 federal elections, she led her party's delegation in the working group on cultural affairs and media; her co-chairs from the other parties are Carsten Brosda and Otto Fricke.[3]

Political career

[edit]

Political positions

[edit]
Roth in 2019

On Turkey

[edit]

Since her time at the European Parliament, Roth has regularly criticized the European Union's "determination to hold Turkey at bay."[4] In 1995, she expressed doubts about Prime Minister Tansu Çiller's ability to bring about human rights reforms as a condition for a European Union–Turkey Customs Union.[5] In June 2013, Roth was at the surroundings of the Taksim Square when the police intervened to evacuate Gezi Park and was among those affected by the tear gas fired by security officers.[citation needed] Following the victory of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in the 2014 presidential election, she criticized the "dramatic erosion of the democratic system in Turkey."[6]

In May 2017, Roth canceled a visit of a parliamentary delegation to Turkey where participants had planned to talk to opposition lawmakers, governors and rights groups about that year's constitutional referendum, saying Ankara had refused to give them a security detail.[7]

On right-wing extremism

[edit]

On Friday 17 March 2006, Roth reported herself to the German police for displaying a crossed-out swastika on multiple demonstrations against Neo-Nazis, and subsequently got the Bundestag to suspend her immunity from prosecution. She intended to show the absurdity of charging anti-fascists with using fascist symbols: "We don't need prosecution of non-violent young people engaging against right-wing extremism."[This quote needs a citation]

On the death penalty

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In 2008, Roth publicly urged incoming U.S. president Barack Obama to "be pushing for the banning of the death penalty, not for upholding it. The death penalty is the biggest blow against human rights and the right to live. He is not in a position to determine whether people live or die, not even in punishing them for the worst crimes!"[8] Speaking in her capacity as leader of the Green Party and underlining the profound divergence in opinion concerning capital punishment in the United States and Western Europe, Roth called the execution of Troy Davis in 2011 "a cynical and inhumane spectacle that occasions mourning and horror."[9] She has also spoken out against capital punishment on numerous other occasions, including the execution of the LaGrand brothers in 1999 which she attended.[10]

On patriarchal beauty standards

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In 2015, Roth responded to critics of her appearance, stating that for her to have the wart on her nose removed would be "surrender to the patriarchal standards of beauty pushed by the oppressive right-wing".[11]

On the use of military force

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Shortly after the U.S. launched military operations in Afghanistan in October 2001, Roth criticized the use of antipersonnel cluster bombs was "not appropriate". Her statement came a day after some 10,000 people, some of them carrying banners that said "Against repression and war" and "The American way of life is too expensive for our world," turned out in Berlin in a peaceful protest against the bombings.[12] When the members of the Green Party later defied their pacifist roots and voted overwhelmingly in favor of sending German soldiers to Afghanistan as part of NATO-led security mission ISAF, Roth maintained that "[the Greens] are and remain an antiwar party. But I think that under certain circumstances it must be possible to engage militarily in order to stop violence."[13]

As a consequence, Roth has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent, such as in Somalia (2009, 2010), Darfur/Sudan (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015), South Sudan (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015), Mali (2014, 2015) and the Central African Republic (2014). In 2013 and 2014, she abstained from the vote on continuing German participation in Operation Atalanta in Somalia, and she voted has against the European Union Training Mission Somalia (2014, 2015 and 2016).

Arms exports

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In 2010, Roth publicly called for "more stringent control over and sharper criteria governing arms exports."[14] In 2014, she – alongside fellow Green Party parliamentarians Katja Keul and Hans-Christian Ströbele – lodged a complaint before the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, arguing that it was unconstitutional for the government to keep the Bundestag in the dark about planned arms deals because it prevented the parliament from fulfilling its role of keeping the government in check. The court ruled that while the government did not have to disclose information about planned defense exports, it did have an obligation to provide the Bundestag with details, on request, once specific arms deals had been approved.[15] In a 2015 interview with Welt am Sonntag, Roth singled out exports to Saudi Arabia for criticism, calling the country "the top terror exporter in the Middle East" and raising concerns that the country's leaders may turn weapons sold by Germany on their own people.[11]

Relations with Tibet

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Roth has met the Dalai Lama several times during her time in parliament and has been a supporter of the Tibet movement. In 2015, Roth addressed the official commemoration of the 56th Tibetan National Uprising day alongside Sikyong Lobsang Sangay in Dharamshala.[16] Alongside Robert Badinter and Karel Schwarzenberg, she became one of the first signers of the 2015 Paris Declaration which calls for European governments to develop a coordinated approach in addressing China's policies in Tibet.[17]

Other activities (selection)

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Recognition

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Criticism

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Roth has been criticized for her positive relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. Along with fellow lawmakers Günter Gloser, Monika Grütters, Luc Jochimsen and Peter Gauweiler, she travelled to Iran in 2010 to meet with Ali Larijani, Manouchehr Mottaki and others; the trip was heavily criticized by international human rights organizations.[19] In February 2013, she was reprimanded by German media outlets and Iranian dissidents for warmly greeting the Iranian ambassador to Germany, Alireza Sheikhattar, with a high five; Iranian Kurdish dissidents hold Sheikhattar responsible for the murder of Kurds during his tenure as governor of Iran's Kurdistan and West Azerbaijan provinces from 1980 to 1985.[20]

In 2015, Roth again led a German parliamentary delegation for a five-day visit to Tehran, including meetings with Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani, Deputy Speaker Mohammad-Hassan Aboutorabi Fard, Deputy Foreign Minister Majid Takht-Ravanchi, presidential candidate Mohammad Reza Aref as well as two of President Hassan Rouhani's deputies namely Shahindokht Molaverdi, the vice president for women's affairs, and Masoumeh Ebtekar,[21] the vice president and chairwoman of the Department of Environment;[22] she was, however, denied a meeting with human-rights activist Narges Mohammadi.[21]

In late February 2024, as the German Minister of Culture, Roth faced criticism from German politicians for permitting what were perceived as "anti-Semitic" remarks by two filmmakers— one of Jewish-Israeli and the other of Muslim Palestinian heritage— during the Berlinale film festival. The filmmakers criticized Israel's actions against the Palestinian populations of Gaza and the West Bank, in their various forms, prominently on the festival stage. After widespread criticism, Roth's ministry released a press statement claiming that she had only applauded for the Israeli filmmaker and not for the Palestinian one.[23]

Personal life

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Roth lives in Berlin's Charlottenburg district.[24]

References

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  1. ^ The Commissioner for Human Rights Policy Foreign Office (Germany)
  2. ^ Erik Kirschbaum (17 November 2012), "German Greens avoid split by re-electing leftist", Reuters.
  3. ^ Andreas Apetz and Thomas Kaspar (22 October 2021), "Ampel-Koalition: Alle Verantwortlichen, AGs und Themen im Überblick", Frankfurter Rundschau.
  4. ^ Stephen Kinzer (15 December 1997), "Turkey, Rejected, Will Freeze Ties to European Union", The New York Times.
  5. ^ Hugh Pope (7 October 1995), "New Allies Push Turkey Premier to the Right", Los Angeles Times.
  6. ^ Sabrina Pabst (10 August 2014), "Erdogan is closing in on the presidency", Deutsche Welle.
  7. ^ Joseph Nasr and Ece Toksabay (24 May 2017), "German MPs cancel Turkey visit after security detail dropped", Reuters.
  8. ^ "Obama: Death penalty for child rapists!", Bild, 2 July 2008.
  9. ^ Scott Sayare (22 September 2011), "In Europe, a Chorus of Outrage Over a U.S. Execution", The New York Times.
  10. ^ Michaela Schießl (1 March 1999), "Wie ein Tier im Käfig", Der Spiegel.
  11. ^ a b "Gabriel to call for Badawi release, negotiate contracts", Deutsche Welle, 7 March 2015.
  12. ^ Steven Erlanger (16 October 2001), "Fissures in German Support for U.S. Attacks", The New York Times.
  13. ^ Edmund L. Andrews (25 November 2001), "German Greens Patch Rift And Support Use of Military", The New York Times.
  14. ^ "Booming Business: Germany Now World's Third Largest Arms Exporter", Spiegel Online, 15 March 2010.
  15. ^ "German court rules against more disclosure in arms deals", Deutsche Welle, 21 October 2014.
  16. ^ "Deputy Speaker of German parliament to attend 56th official function of Tibetan uprising day". Archived 12 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Phayul.com, 9 March 2015.
  17. ^ "Europe Stands With Tibet Rally", Voice of America, 16 March 2015.
  18. ^ Board of Trustees Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma.
  19. ^ Benjamin Weinthal (16 November 2010), "That Treasured German-Iranian Friendship", The Wall Street Journal.
  20. ^ Weinthal, Benjamin (11 February 2013). "German Green Party head high-fives Iran's envoy". The Jerusalem Post.
  21. ^ a b "Iran verärgert über Grünen-Politikerin", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 28 January 2015.
  22. ^ "German parliamentary team due in Tehran". Archived 24 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Tehran Times, 20 January 2015.
  23. ^ Oltermann, Philip (27 February 2024). "German minister says she clapped Israeli film-maker, not his Palestinian colleague, at Berlinale". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  24. ^ Deike Diening (3 July 2017), "Claudia Roth: Aufhören? Geht gar nicht!", Der Tagesspiegel.
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