Treaty of Speyer (1570): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Agreement between the Principality of Transylvania and Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''Treaty of Speyer''', signed at the [[Diet of Speyer (1570)|Diet of Speyer]] in 1570, was a peace agreement between the two Hungarian Kingdoms, [[Royal Hungary]] led by [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]], and the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]], ruled by [[John Sigismund Zápolya]]. |
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| ⚫ | The '''Treaty of Speyer''', signed at the [[Diet of Speyer (1570)|Diet of Speyer]] in 1570, was a peace agreement between the two Hungarian Kingdoms, [[Royal Hungary]] led by [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]], and the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]], ruled by [[John Sigismund Zápolya]], which lead to the establishment of the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570-1711)|Principality of Transylvania]]. |
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==Transylvania before the Treaty of Speyer== |
==Transylvania before the Treaty of Speyer== |
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Unlike the autonomous [[Kingdom of Croatia]], medieval Transylvania was not a separate Land of the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]], |
Unlike the autonomous [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]], medieval Transylvania was not a separate Land of the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]], it was simply an administrative district,<ref>{{cite book|author=Carlile Aylmer Macartney|author-link=Carlile Aylmer Macartney|title=Hungary: From Ninth Century Origins to the 1956 Uprising|publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]]|year=2008|page=23|isbn=9780202366654|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjInqy_sxisC&q=%22Unlike+Croatia%2C+however%2C+Transylvania+was+not+a+separate+Land+of+the+Hungarian+Crown%2C+but+simply+an+administratively+distinct+part+of+the+kingdom+of+Hungary.%22&pg=PA23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514103056/https://books.google.com/books?id=kjInqy_sxisC&pg=PA23&dq=%22Unlike+Croatia,+however,+Transylvania+was+not+a+separate+Land+of+the+Hungarian+Crown,+but+simply+an+administratively+distinct+part+of+the+kingdom+of+Hungary.%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Unlike%20Croatia%2C%20however%2C%20Transylvania%20was%20not%20a%20separate%20Land%20of%20the%20Hungarian%20Crown%2C%20but%20simply%20an%20administratively%20distinct%20part%20of%20the%20kingdom%20of%20Hungary.%22&f=false|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> and an integral part<ref>{{cite book|author=Felicia Rosu|title=Elective Monarchy in Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania, 1569–1587|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2017|page=24|isbn=9780192506436|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_pADwAAQBAJ&q=transylvania+%22integral+part%22&pg=PA24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514102659/https://books.google.com/books?dq=transylvania+%22integral+part%22&hl=en&id=Y_pADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=transylvania%20%22integral%20part%22&f=false|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Rogers Brubaker|author-link=Rogers Brubaker|author2=Margit Feischmidt|author3=Jon Fox|author4=Liana Grancea|title=Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=2018|page=57|isbn=9780880334792|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_1ZDwAAQBAJ&q=transylvania+%22integral+part%22&pg=PA63|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514102844/https://books.google.com/books?id=n_1ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=transylvania+%22integral+part%22&source=bl&ots=XoGMkPvfb0&sig=ACfU3U2FtJtvoX5yrFfOxyi3jeMic90dPQ&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=transylvania%20%22integral%20part%22&f=false|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. |
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==Status of Transylvania after the treaty== |
==Status of Transylvania after the treaty== |
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| ⚫ | John Sigismund abdicated as King of Hungary, however Maximilian II recognized John Sigismund's authority as "''Prince of Transylvania''" and in return John Sigismund accepted Maximilian II as King of Hungary with suzerainty over his principality.<ref name="Pettegree">Andrew Pettegree, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdSVnJDClesC&pg=PA192 ''The Reformation World''], Routledge, 2000, p. 192</ref> |
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[[Image:Partium1570.PNG|thumb|right|John Sigismund's realm in 1570]] |
[[Image:Partium1570.PNG|thumb|right|John Sigismund's realm in 1570]] |
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| ⚫ | John Sigismund abdicated as King of Hungary, however, Maximilian II recognized John Sigismund's authority as "''Prince of Transylvania''" and, in return, John Sigismund accepted Maximilian II as King of Hungary with suzerainty over his principality.<ref name="Pettegree">Andrew Pettegree, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdSVnJDClesC&pg=PA192 ''The Reformation World''], Routledge, 2000, p. 192</ref> |
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| ⚫ | John Sigismund became ''princeps Transsylvaniae et partium regni Hungariae dominus'' – Prince of Transylvania and of [[Partium|a part of the Kingdom of Hungary]].<ref name="Keul">István Keul, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5J09mqMWiogC&pg=PA40 ''Early modern religious communities in East-Central Europe: ethnic diversity, denominational plurality, and corporative politics in the principality of Transylvania (1526–1691)''], |
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| ⚫ | John Sigismund became ''princeps Transsylvaniae et partium regni Hungariae dominus'' – Prince of Transylvania and of [[Partium|a part of the Kingdom of Hungary]].<ref name="Keul">István Keul, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5J09mqMWiogC&pg=PA40 ''Early modern religious communities in East-Central Europe: ethnic diversity, denominational plurality, and corporative politics in the principality of Transylvania (1526–1691)''], Brill, 2009, p. 61</ref> According to the treaty, the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]] continued to be part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in the sense of public law, the Treaty of Speyer stressed in a highly significant way that [[John Sigismund Zápolya|John Sigismund's]] possessions belonged to the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]] and he was not permitted to alienate them.<ref>Anthony Endrey, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ewYiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA70 ''The Holy Crown of Hungary''], Hungarian Institute, 1978, p. 70</ref> |
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This treaty, like the earlier [[Treaty of Nagyvárad]], endorsed the principle of a united Hungary. Partium and Transylvania were entrusted to John Sigismund Zápolya, as a vassal of Maximilian. As mentioned above, the Zápolyas had already held the Partium, but now the Habsburgs recognized their lordship. In a sense, John Sigismund traded his royal title for territory. |
This treaty, like the earlier [[Treaty of Nagyvárad]], endorsed the principle of a united Hungary. Partium and Transylvania were entrusted to John Sigismund Zápolya, as a vassal of King Maximilian. As mentioned above, the Zápolyas had already held the Partium, but now the Habsburgs recognized their lordship. In a sense, John Sigismund traded his royal title for territory. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)|Speyer (1570)]] |
[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)|Speyer (1570)]] |
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[[Category:Treaties of the Habsburg |
[[Category:Treaties of the Habsburg monarchy|Speyer (1570)]] |
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[[Category:Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)]] |
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[[Category:1570 treaties]] |
[[Category:1570 treaties]] |
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[[Category:1570 in |
[[Category:1570 in Europe]] |
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[[Category:16th century in Hungary]] |
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[[Category:1570 in the Habsburg monarchy]] |
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[[Category:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]] |
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{{Treaty-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 00:09, 13 March 2024
The Treaty of Speyer, signed at the Diet of Speyer in 1570, was a peace agreement between the two Hungarian Kingdoms, Royal Hungary led by Maximilian II, and the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, ruled by John Sigismund Zápolya, which lead to the establishment of the Principality of Transylvania.
Transylvania before the Treaty of Speyer
[edit]Unlike the autonomous Kingdom of Croatia, medieval Transylvania was not a separate Land of the Holy Crown of Hungary, it was simply an administrative district,[1] and an integral part[2][3] of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
Status of Transylvania after the treaty
[edit]
John Sigismund abdicated as King of Hungary, however, Maximilian II recognized John Sigismund's authority as "Prince of Transylvania" and, in return, John Sigismund accepted Maximilian II as King of Hungary with suzerainty over his principality.[4]
John Sigismund became princeps Transsylvaniae et partium regni Hungariae dominus – Prince of Transylvania and of a part of the Kingdom of Hungary.[5] According to the treaty, the Principality of Transylvania continued to be part of the Kingdom of Hungary in the sense of public law, the Treaty of Speyer stressed in a highly significant way that John Sigismund's possessions belonged to the Holy Crown of Hungary and he was not permitted to alienate them.[6]
This treaty, like the earlier Treaty of Nagyvárad, endorsed the principle of a united Hungary. Partium and Transylvania were entrusted to John Sigismund Zápolya, as a vassal of King Maximilian. As mentioned above, the Zápolyas had already held the Partium, but now the Habsburgs recognized their lordship. In a sense, John Sigismund traded his royal title for territory.
References
[edit]- ^ Carlile Aylmer Macartney (2008). Hungary: From Ninth Century Origins to the 1956 Uprising. Transaction Publishers. p. 23. ISBN 9780202366654. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14.
- ^ Felicia Rosu (2017). Elective Monarchy in Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania, 1569–1587. Oxford University Press. p. 24. ISBN 9780192506436. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14.
- ^ Rogers Brubaker; Margit Feischmidt; Jon Fox; Liana Grancea (2018). Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town. Princeton University Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780880334792. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14.
- ^ Andrew Pettegree, The Reformation World, Routledge, 2000, p. 192
- ^ István Keul, Early modern religious communities in East-Central Europe: ethnic diversity, denominational plurality, and corporative politics in the principality of Transylvania (1526–1691), Brill, 2009, p. 61
- ^ Anthony Endrey, The Holy Crown of Hungary, Hungarian Institute, 1978, p. 70
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