Night of Power: Difference between revisions

Night of Destiny
Night of Destiny
	Reading the Quran is a key observance of Laylat al-Qadr
Official name	ليلة القدر
Also called	Night of Destiny, Precious Night, Night Of Decree or Night of Determination
Observed by	Muslims
Type	Angels descend to the earth and the annual decree is revealed to them
Observances	Tahajjud night prayers, reading the Quran, making dua, doing dhikr, observing iʿtikāf, giving sadaqah
Date	Often observed as 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th Ramadan and some add 19th to series.
Frequency	Annual

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 08:01, 12 December 2024

The Night of Power^[2] (Arabic: لیلة القدر, romanized: Laylat al-Qadr; also rendered as the Night of Destiny,^[3] Night of Decree,^[4] Night of Determination, or the Precious Night), is, in Islamic belief, the night when Muslims believe the Quran was first sent down from heaven to the world, and also the night when its first verses were revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad; it is described as better than a thousand months of worshipping.^[5] According to various hadiths, its exact date is uncertain but was one of the odd-numbered nights of the last ten days of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. Since that time, Muslims have regarded the last ten nights of Ramadan as being especially blessed. Muslims believe the Night comes again every year, with blessings and mercy of God in abundance.^[6] The surah al-Qadr is named after this night, and the purpose of the surah is to describe the greatness of the night. ^[7]

Naming

Qadr (قدر), in Arabic, means measure and limit or value of something or destiny.^[8] Some reasons have been offered for its naming:

It is said that it was called al-Qadr because the annual destiny of every person will be determined by God.^[9]
Some say that if one stays awake at this night praying, reading Quran, or repenting, one will reach a high state.^[10]
Some have said that it was called al-Qadr because it is a grand and high-value night.^[11]

Other names such as "Laylat al-'Azama" (Arabic: ليلة العظمة; night of the greatness) and "Laylat al-Sharaf" (Arabic: ليلة الشرف; lit. 'night of the honor') have also been used.^[12]

Revelation to Muhammad

Some commentators believe that the Quran was revealed to Muhammad twice;

the 'immediate revelation' happening on the Laylat al-Qadr and
'gradual revelation' over 23 years.

The Quran uses the word anzal (انزل) which justifies 'the immediate revelation', according to Allamah Tabatabai.^[13] Some others believe that the revelation of Quran occurred in two phases, with the first phase being the revelation in its entirety on Laylat al-Qadr to the angel Gabriel (Jibril in Arabic) in the lowest heaven, and then the subsequent verse-by-verse revelation to Muhammad by Gabriel.^[3] The revelation started in 610 CE at the Hira cave on Mount Jabal al-Nour in Mecca. The first Surah that was revealed was Sūrat al-ʿAlaq (in Arabic العلق).^[14] During Muhammad's first revelation, the first five verses of this Surah, or chapter, were revealed.^[15]

Muhammad would usually practice spiritual retreat (Iʿtikāf) during the last ten days of Ramadan, awaiting the Night of Power, fasting and praying throughout the night, and abstaining from sexual relations. He urged his followers to do the same. According to one hadith, Muhammad said: "Whoever stands [in prayer] during the Night of Power out of belief and seeking reward, his previous sins are forgiven." (Sahih al-Bukhari 1901)^[16]^[17]

Date

A specific date of Laylat al-Qadr is not mentioned in the Quran.^[18]^[19] Muhammad said God told him the exact date of Laylat al-Qadr in a dream, that he went to tell his companions about that date, and that he saw two people fighting and was caused to forget the date (by God).^[20]

According to the Islamic calendar, an Islamic day begins at Maghrib prayer (sunset). The Night of Power extends from Maghrib to Fajr prayer (dawn).^[21]

Sunni Islam

Sunni Muslims believe that Laylat al-Qadr most likely occurs among the odd-numbered nights of the last ten nights of Ramadan (21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th). Some scholars opine that if a Friday night occurs on an odd numbered night, the night is likely to be Laylat al-Qadr.^{[citation needed]}^[22]^[23]

Last five odd nights	Gregorian date^[24]
1441	25 May 2019, 27 May 2019, 29 May 2019, 31 May 2019, 2 June 2019 or 4 June 2019
1442	15 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 21 May 2020 or 23 May 2020
1443	4 May 2021, 6 May 2021, 8 May 2021, 10 May 2021 or 12 May 2021
1444	22 April 2022, 24 April 2022, 26 April 2022, 28 April 2022, or 30 April 2022
1445	31 March 2024 ,2 April 2024,4 April 2024, 6 April 2024, or 8 April 2024

Shia Islam

Shia Muslims similarly believe that Laylat al-Qadr is to be found in the last ten odd-numbered nights of Ramadan but mostly on the 19th, 21st or 23rd of Ramadan with 23rd being the most important night.^[25] The 19th, according to the Shia belief, coincides with the night Ali was attacked in the Mihrab while worshipping in the Great Mosque of Kufa. He died on 21 Ramadan.^[26]

Shia Muslims say that Ali (the first Shia Imam, and the fourth caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate to Sunnis) had special insight and intimacy with God on this night. Imam Sadiq is quoted as saying (Tafsir "al-Burhan", vol. 4, p. 487):

Once Imam Ali was reciting Surat al-Qadr and his sons, Imam Hasan (a) and Imam Husayn (a) were near him. Imam Husayn (a) asked his father: "Father, how come we feel a different sensation when you recite this surah?" Imam Ali(a) replied, "O son of the Prophet and my son! I know things from this chapter that you are not aware of now. When this surah was sent down to the Prophet he asked me to go to him. When I went to him he recited this surah, then he put his hand on my right shoulder and said: O my brother and my successor! O the leader of my nation after me! O tireless fighter with my enemies! This surah is yours after me, and is for your two sons after you. Gabriel who is my brother among the angels informs me of the events of one year of my nation at the night of Qadr. And after me he will give this information to you. This surah will always have a shining light in your heart and in the heart of your successors until the rising of the dawn of the day of reappearance of Qa'im [the one who rises, a title for the Islamic Messiah, Mahdi]."^[27]

Ibn Abbas was aware of both the date and the day of the week.^[28]^[29] Hence the Shia's have generally concluded that it is the 23rd^[3]

According to other hadiths, destinies are written on the night of Ramadan 19, are finalized on the night of Ramadan 21, and are ultimately confirmed on the night of Ramadan 23.^[30]

Two other possibilities about the time of the Night of Qadr are the nights of Ramadan 27 and Sha'ban 15.^[31]

23rd of Ramadan	Gregorian date
1440	28 May 2019^[32]^[33]
1441	16 May 2020^[34]
1442	5 May 2021^[35]
1443	24 April 2022^[36]
1444	23 April 2023^[37]

Religious importance

The night is not comparable to any others in view of Muslims^[25] and according to a tradition, the blessings due to the acts of worship during this night cannot be equaled even by worshipping throughout an entire lifetime. The reward of acts of worship done in this one single night is more than the reward of a thousand months of worship.^[38]

Surah Al-Qadr of the Quran is about Laylat al-Qadr:^[3]^[25]

We have indeed revealed this (Message) in the Night of Decree:

And what will explain to thee what the Night of Decree is?

The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.

Therein come down the angels and the Spirit by Allah's permission, on every errand:

Peace!... This until the rise of dawn!

— Surah Al-Qadr 97:1-5

Devout Muslims practice spiritual retreat (Iʿtikāf) during the last ten days of Ramadan, awaiting the Night of Power, fasting and praying throughout the night, and abstaining from sexual relations. Some Muslims practice Iʿtikāf by staying at a mosque throughout the ten days.^[39]

Special prayers (Shi'a)

Shi'as practice the special prayers (Amaal) of the Night of Qadr every year in mosques, [tekyeh]s, shrines of Imams or children of Imams, Husayniyyas or their own houses. They stay vigilant the whole night until dawn and worship God. The most important practices of the Night of Qadr include congregational prayers, recitation of the Iftitah Supplication, [Abu Hamza al-Thumali] Supplication, and al-Jawshan al-Kabir, and collective supplications while they keep volumes of the Quran on top of their heads. Other rituals of the night include donations of dawn food, payment of their nadhr for the dead, feeding the poor, and emancipation of financial prisoners.

Since the assassination of Ali occurred in the last ten days of the Ramadan month, Shi'as mourn in these nights.^[40]

References

^ Britannica Guide to the Islamic World. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2009. ISBN 9781593398491. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
^ Daneshgar, Majid; Saleh, Walid A (eds) (2017). Islamic Studies Today: Essays in Honor of Andrew Rippin. Leiden. p. 93. ISBN 9789004337121. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2017. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d A. Beverley, James (2011). "Laylat al-Qadr". In Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. Volume two L-Z. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 517. ISBN 9781598842067. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^ Halim, Fachrizal A. (2014). Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 9781317749189. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^ Sahih al-Bukhari. "Book of Revelation - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". As-Sunnah Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
^ Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2015), The Study Quran, HarperCollins, p.1539
^ 97:1-5
^ Qarashī, Qāmūs al-Qurʾān, vol. 5, p. 246–247.
^ Tabatabai, Tafsir Al-Mizan, 1363, vol. 20, p. 561.
^ Ghadmiari, "Night of Destiny in Hafez's lyric poems", p. 180.
^ Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Nomoneh, 1996, vol. 27, p. 188.
^ Majidi Khameneh. Nights of Glory in Iran. p. 1.
^ Staff. "Qadr night from the view point of Allamah Tabtabaei". Allamah Tabtabaei University. Archived from the original on 3 July 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
^ al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (2002). The Sealed Nectar. Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam. p. 68. ISBN 978-1591440710.
^ Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 62–3. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
^ https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1901 ^{[bare URL]}
^ Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2015), The Study Quran, HarperCollins, p.1539
^ Islam and state in Sumatra: a study of seventeenth-century Aceh. p. 128.
^ Marjo Buitelaar. Fasting and feasting in Morocco: women's participation in ramzan. p. 64.
^ Sahih Bukhari. "Chapter: 2, Belief. Hadith No. 47". Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
^ "The Night of Power - Laylatul Qadr 2023". Islamic Relief UK. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
^ Mohammad Younes, Arefi. "The importance of Qadr night and the secret behind it's being hidden". The Message of Woman (in Persian). Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
^ Parsa, Farvardin. "Laylat al-Qadr from the viewpoint of Sunni Muslims". Andisheh Club. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
^ "The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia". Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ysuf, Imtiyaz. "Laylat al-Qadr". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
^ Syed Muhammad Askari Jafari. "A biographical profile of Imam Ali". Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
^ "Imam Mahdi (a) in Chapter al-Qadr". Al-Islam.org. 10 August 2016. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
^ Sahih Bukhari. "Chapter: 32, Night prayer in Ramadan (Taraweeh). Hadith No: 239". Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020. Ibn Abbas added "Search for it on the twenty-fourth (of Ramadan)"
^ Bombay Tract and Book Society (1856). Life of Mohammad. Bombay. p. 30. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) In Islam night precedes day, so that, for example, "the night of the 23rd" is not the night between the 23rd and the 24th but the night between the 22nd and the 23rd.
^ Klini, Sufficient Principles, 1996, vol. 2, p. 772.
^ Kashani, Manhaj Al-Sadiqin, 1344, vol. 4, p. 274, quoting Eftekhari, \"Prayer and the Night of Power from the perspective of Musa Sadr\", p17.
^ "Ramadan Calendar 2024". Islamicfinder. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
^ "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1398 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). calendar.ut.ac. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
^ "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1399 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). calendar.ut.ac. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
^ "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1400 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). calendar.ut.ac. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
^ "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1401 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). calendar.ut.ac. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
^ "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1403 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2024.
^ Halim, Fachrizal A. (20 November 2014). Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 9781317749189. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^ Habib Rauf (2016), Itikaf: An Introduction. Glasgow Central Mosque.
^ Majidi Khamenei, "Nights of Glory in Iran".

External links

[1] Britannica Guide to the Islamic World. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2009. ISBN 9781593398491. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

[Saleh-2] Daneshgar, Majid; Saleh, Walid A (eds) (2017). Islamic Studies Today: Essays in Honor of Andrew Rippin. Leiden. p. 93. ISBN 9789004337121. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2017. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[Religious_Celebrations-3] A. Beverley, James (2011). "Laylat al-Qadr". In Melton, J. Gordon (ed.). Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. Volume two L-Z. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 517. ISBN 9781598842067. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2017.

[halim-4] Halim, Fachrizal A. (2014). Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 9781317749189. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2017.

[5] Sahih al-Bukhari. "Book of Revelation - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". As-Sunnah Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.

[6] Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2015), The Study Quran, HarperCollins, p.1539

[7] 97:1-5

[8] Qarashī, Qāmūs al-Qurʾān, vol. 5, p. 246–247.

[9] Tabatabai, Tafsir Al-Mizan, 1363, vol. 20, p. 561.

[10] Ghadmiari, "Night of Destiny in Hafez's lyric poems", p. 180.

[11] Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Nomoneh, 1996, vol. 27, p. 188.

[12] Majidi Khameneh. Nights of Glory in Iran. p. 1.

[Allamah-13] Staff. "Qadr night from the view point of Allamah Tabtabaei". Allamah Tabtabaei University. Archived from the original on 3 July 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.

[14] -Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (2002). The Sealed Nectar. Riyadh: Dar-us-Salam. p. 68. ISBN 978-1591440710.

[15] Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah. 7 (2): 62–3. doi:10.7187/GJAT122017-2. ISSN 2232-0474. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.

[16] ttps://sunnah.com/bukhari:1901 ^{[bare URL]}

[17] Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2015), The Study Quran, HarperCollins, p.1539

[18] Islam and state in Sumatra: a study of seventeenth-century Aceh. p. 128.

[19] Marjo Buitelaar. Fasting and feasting in Morocco: women's participation in ramzan. p. 64.

[20] Sahih Bukhari. "Chapter: 2, Belief. Hadith No. 47". Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.

[21] "The Night of Power - Laylatul Qadr 2023". Islamic Relief UK. Retrieved 6 October 2023.

[Arefi-22] Mohammad Younes, Arefi. "The importance of Qadr night and the secret behind it's being hidden". The Message of Woman (in Persian). Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.

[23] Parsa, Farvardin. "Laylat al-Qadr from the viewpoint of Sunni Muslims". Andisheh Club. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.

[24] "The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia". Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2020.

[Oxford-25] Ysuf, Imtiyaz. "Laylat al-Qadr". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

[26] Syed Muhammad Askari Jafari. "A biographical profile of Imam Ali". Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2020.

[:02-27] "Imam Mahdi (a) in Chapter al-Qadr". Al-Islam.org. 10 August 2016. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2020.

[28] Sahih Bukhari. "Chapter: 32, Night prayer in Ramadan (Taraweeh). Hadith No: 239". Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020. Ibn Abbas added "Search for it on the twenty-fourth (of Ramadan)"

[29] Bombay Tract and Book Society (1856). Life of Mohammad. Bombay. p. 30. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) In Islam night precedes day, so that, for example, "the night of the 23rd" is not the night between the 23rd and the 24th but the night between the 22nd and the 23rd.

[30] Klini, Sufficient Principles, 1996, vol. 2, p. 772.

[31] Kashani, Manhaj Al-Sadiqin, 1344, vol. 4, p. 274, quoting Eftekhari, \"Prayer and the Night of Power from the perspective of Musa Sadr\", p17.

[32] "Ramadan Calendar 2024". Islamicfinder. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.

[33] "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1398 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). calendar.ut.ac. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

[34] "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1399 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). calendar.ut.ac. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2020.

[35] "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1400 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). calendar.ut.ac. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.

[36] "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1401 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). calendar.ut.ac. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.

[37] "Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1403 Calendar" (in Persian)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2024.

[Halim-38] Halim, Fachrizal A. (20 November 2014). Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 9781317749189. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2017.

[39] Habib Rauf (2016), Itikaf: An Introduction. Glasgow Central Mosque.

[40] Majidi Khamenei, "Nights of Glory in Iran".

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Anniversary of two important dates in Islam}}
+{{short description|Date in the Islamic calendar}}
-{{redirect|Night of Power|the Spider Robinson novel|Night of Power (novel)}}
+{{for|the Spider Robinson novel|Night of Power (novel)}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
 {{Infobox holiday
-|holiday_name  = Laylat al-Qadr
+|holiday_name  = Night of Destiny
 |type          = Islamic
-|image         =
+|image         = Qadr night in Jamkaran 2.jpg|alt=Qadr night in Jamkara
 |imagesize     =
-|caption       = [[Quran reading|Reading the Quran]] is a key observance of Laylat al-Qadr
+|caption       = [[Quran reading|Reading the Quran]] is a key observance of ''Laylat al-Qadr''
 |official_name = {{lang|ar|ليلة القدر}}
-|nickname      = Night of Power, Night of Value, Night of Destiny, Night of Determination, or Precious Night <ref>{{cite book|title=Britannica Guide to the Islamic World|date=2009|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.|isbn=9781593398491|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbicAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=Laylat+al-Qadr|accessdate=2 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>
+|nickname      = Night of Destiny, Precious Night, Night Of Decree or Night of Determination<ref>{{cite book|title=Britannica Guide to the Islamic World|date=2009|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.|isbn=9781593398491|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbicAAAAQBAJ&q=Laylat+al-Qadr&pg=PA37|access-date=2 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408171806/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbicAAAAQBAJ&q=Laylat+al-Qadr&pg=PA37|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |observedby    = [[Muslim]]s
+|longtype      = [[Islamic view of angels|Angels]] descend to the earth and the [[Predestination in Islam#Stages of Taqdeer (fate)|annual decree]] is revealed to them
-|longtype      =
+|date          = Often observed as [[21 Ramadan|21st]], [[23 Ramadan|23rd]], 25th, 27th or 29th Ramadan and some add [[19 Ramadan|19th]] to series.
-|significance  = The night the Quran was revealed to the [[Prophet Muhammad]];<br />[[Islamic view of angels|angels]] descend to the earth and the [[Predestination in Islam#Stages of Taqdeer .28fate.29|annual decree]] is revealed to them
+|observances   = [[Tahajjud]] night prayers, reading the [[Quran]], making [[dua]], doing [[dhikr]], observing [[iʿtikāf]], giving [[sadaqah]]
-|date          = Historically, 23 Ramadan (in the ancient (intercalated) Arabic calendar) (13/14 December AD 610). Sunnis observe the 27th.
-|observances   = [[Tahajjud]] night prayers, reading the [[Quran]], making [[dua]], doing [[dhikr]], observing [[iʿtikāf]]
 |relatedto     =
+|frequency=Annual}}
-}}
+{{Islamic Culture}}
-'''{{transl|ar|ALA|Laylat al-Qadr}}''' ({{lang-ar|لیلة القدر}}), variously rendered in English as the '''Night of Decree''',<ref name="halim">{{cite book|last=Halim|first=Fachrizal A.|title=Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RUqLBQAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781317749189|page=15}}</ref> '''Night of Power''',<ref name="Saleh">{{cite book|last1=Daneshgar|first1=Majid|last2=Saleh|first2=Walid|title=Islamic Studies Today: Essays in Honor of Andrew Rippin|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004337121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtzzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&dq=laylat+al-qad|language=en|date=10 November 2020}}</ref> '''Night of Value''', '''Night of Destiny''',<ref name="Religious Celebrations">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&pg=PA517|last1=A. Beverley|first1=James|editor1-last=Melton|editor1-first=J. Gordon|title=Laylat al-Qadr|encyclopedia=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. Volume two L-Z|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|page=517|isbn=9781598842067|language=en}}</ref> or '''Night of Measures''', is, in [[Islam]]ic belief, the night when the Quran was first sent down from Heaven to the world and also the night when the first verses of the [[Quran]] were revealed to the [[Prophets of Islam|prophet]] [[Muhammad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari/1|last=Sahih al-Bukhari|title=Book of Revelation - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|website=As-Sunnah Foundation of America|access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> According to many Muslim sources, it was one of the odd-numbered nights of the last ten days of [[Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]].  Since that time, Muslims have regarded the last ten nights of Ramadan as being especially blessed.  [[Muslim]]s believe that the Night of Qadr comes with blessings and mercy of [[God in Islam|God]] in abundance, sins are forgiven, [[dua|supplications]] are accepted, and that the [[Predestination in Islam#Stages of Taqdeer .28fate.29|annual decree]] is revealed to the [[Islamic view of angels|angels]] who carry it out according to God's plan.
+The '''Night of Power'''<ref name="Saleh">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtzzDQAAQBAJ&q=laylat+al-qad&pg=PA93|last1=Daneshgar|first1=Majid|last2=Saleh|first2=Walid A (eds)|title=Islamic Studies Today: Essays in Honor of Andrew Rippin|location=Leiden|date=2017|page=93|isbn=9789004337121|language=en|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304223435/https://books.google.com/books?id=LtzzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&dq=laylat+al-qad|url-status=live}}</ref> ({{langx|ar|لیلة القدر|Laylat al-Qadr}}; also rendered as the '''Night of Destiny''',<ref name="Religious Celebrations">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&pg=PA517|last1=A. Beverley|first1=James|editor1-last=Melton|editor1-first=J. Gordon|title=Laylat al-Qadr|encyclopedia=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. Volume two L-Z|date=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|page=517|isbn=9781598842067|language=en|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=4 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104220110/https://books.google.com/books?id=lD_2J7W_2hQC&pg=PA517|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Night of Decree''',<ref name="halim">{{cite book|last=Halim|first=Fachrizal A.|title=Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUqLBQAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781317749189|page=15|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=4 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104220030/https://books.google.com/books?id=RUqLBQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Night of Determination''', or the '''Precious Night'''), is, in [[Islam]]ic belief, the night when Muslims believe the [[Quran]] was first sent down from heaven to the world, and also the night when its first verses were [[Waḥy|revealed]] to the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]; it is described as better than a thousand months of worshipping.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari/1|last=Sahih al-Bukhari|title=Book of Revelation - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|website=As-Sunnah Foundation of America|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524184809/https://sunnah.com/bukhari/1|url-status=live}}</ref> According to various [[Hadith|hadiths]], its exact date is uncertain but was one of the odd-numbered nights of the last ten days of [[Ramadan]], the ninth month of the [[Islamic calendar]]. Since that time, Muslims have regarded the last ten nights of Ramadan as being especially blessed. [[Muslim]]s believe the Night comes again every year, with blessings and mercy of [[God in Islam|God]] in abundance.<ref>Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2015), The Study Quran, HarperCollins, p.1539</ref> The surah [[al-Qadr]] is named after this night, and the purpose of the surah is to describe the greatness of the night. <ref>{{qref|97|1-5|pl=y}}</ref>
+== Naming ==
+Qadr (قدر), in Arabic, means measure and limit or value of something or destiny.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Qarashī, Qāmūs al-Qurʾān, vol. 5, p. 246–247}}</ref> Some reasons have been offered for its naming:
+* It is said that it was called al-Qadr because the annual destiny of every person will be determined by God.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tabatabai, Tafsir Al-Mizan, 1363, vol. 20, p. 561.}}</ref>
+* Some say that if one stays awake at this night praying, reading Quran, or repenting, one will reach a high state.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ghadmiari, "Night of Destiny in Hafez's lyric poems", p. 180.}}</ref>
+* Some have said that it was called al-Qadr because it is a grand and high-value night.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Makarem Shirazi, Tafsir Nomoneh, 1996, vol. 27, p. 188.}}</ref>
+Other names such as "Laylat al-'Azama" (Arabic: ليلة العظمة; night of the greatness) and "Laylat al-Sharaf" (Arabic: ليلة الشرف; {{lit|night of the honor}}) have also been used.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Majidi Khameneh|title=Nights of Glory in Iran|page=1}}</ref>
+==Revelation to Muhammad==
+Some commentators believe that the Quran was revealed to Muhammad twice;
+*the 'immediate revelation' happening on the Laylat al-Qadr and
+*'gradual revelation' over 23 years.
+The Quran uses the word ''anzal'' ({{lang|ar|انزل}}) which justifies 'the immediate revelation', according to [[Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai|Allamah Tabatabai]].<ref name="Allamah">{{cite web|url=http://atu.ac.ir/fa/news/All/bodyView/5574/index.html|title=Qadr night from the view point of Allamah Tabtabaei|website=Allamah Tabtabaei University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703182159/http://atu.ac.ir/fa/news/All/bodyView/5574/index.html|archive-date=3 July 2016|last1=Staff|access-date=12 June 2016}}</ref> Some others believe that the revelation of Quran occurred in two phases, with the first phase being the revelation in its entirety on Laylat al-Qadr to the [[Islamic view of angels|angel]] [[Gabriel#Islam|Gabriel]] ([[Holy Spirit (Islam)|Jibril]] in Arabic) in the lowest heaven, and then the subsequent verse-by-verse revelation to Muhammad  by Gabriel.<ref name="Religious Celebrations"/> The revelation started in 610 CE at the [[Hira cave]] on Mount Jabal al-Nour in Mecca. The first Surah that was revealed was [[Al-Alaq|Sūrat al-ʿAlaq]] (in Arabic {{lang|ar|العلق}}).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/TheSealedNectar_201501|last=al-Mubarakpuri|first=Safi-ur-Rahman|title=The Sealed Nectar|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|year=2002|location=Riyadh|page=68|isbn=978-1591440710}}</ref> During Muhammad's first revelation, the first five verses of this Surah, or chapter, were revealed.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Roslan Abdul-Rahim |title=Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an |url=http://www.gjat.my/gjat122017/GJAT122017-2.pdf |journal=Global Journal Al-Thaqafah |date=December 2017 |volume=7 |issue=2 |access-date=26 February 2019 |issn=2232-0474 |pages=62–3 |doi=10.7187/GJAT122017-2 |ref=RARDtQ2017 |archive-date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214093748/http://www.gjat.my/gjat122017/GJAT122017-2.pdf |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref>
+[[Muhammad]] would usually practice spiritual retreat ([[Iʿtikāf]]) during the last ten days of Ramadan, awaiting the Night of Power, fasting and praying throughout the night, and abstaining from sexual relations.  He urged his followers to do the same.  According to one [[hadith]], Muhammad said: "Whoever stands [in prayer] during the Night of Power out of belief and seeking reward, his previous sins are forgiven." (Sahih al-Bukhari 1901)<ref>https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1901 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>Seyyed Hossein Nasr (2015), The Study Quran, HarperCollins, p.1539</ref>
-==Revelation to Prophet Muhammad==
-Some commentators believe that the Quran was revealed to Muhammad twice; the 'immediate revelation' happening on the Laylat al-Qadr and 'gradual revelation' across 23 years. The Quran uses the word ''anzal'' ({{lang|ar|انزل}}) which justifies 'the immediate revelation', according to [[Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i|Allamah Tabatabai]].<ref name="Allamah">{{cite web|url=http://atu.ac.ir/fa/news/All/bodyView/5574/index.html|title=Qadr night from the view point of Allamah Tabtabaei|website=Allamah Tabtabaei University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703182159/http://atu.ac.ir/fa/news/All/bodyView/5574/index.html|archive-date=3 July 2016|last1=Staff|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref> However some others believe that the revelation of Quran occurred in two phases, with the first phase being the revelation in its entirety on Laylat al-Qadr to the [[Islamic view of angels|angel]] [[Gabriel#Islam|Gabriel]] ([[Holy Spirit (Islam)|Jibril]] in Arabic) in the lowest heaven, and then the subsequent verse-by-verse revelation to Muhammad by Gabriel.<ref name="Religious Celebrations"/> The revelation started in 610 CE at the [[Hira cave]] on Mount Jabal al-Nour in Mecca. The first Surah that was revealed was [[Al-Alaq|Sūrat al-ʿAlaq]] (in Arabic {{lang|ar|العلق}}).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://ia802705.us.archive.org/4/items/TheSealedNectar_201501/248886615-The-Sealed-Nectar.pdf|last=al-Mubarakpuri|first=Safi-ur-Rahman|title=The Sealed Nectar|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|year=2002|location=Riyadh|page=68|isbn=978-1591440710}}</ref> During the first revelation the first five verses of this Surah, or chapter, were revealed.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Roslan Abdul-Rahim |title=Demythologizing the Qur’an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur’an |url=http://www.gjat.my/gjat122017/GJAT122017-2.pdf |journal=Global Journal Al-Thaqafah (GJAT) |date=December 2017 |volume=7 |issue=2 |accessdate=26 February 2019 |ISSN=2232-0474 |pages=62–3 |ref=RARDtQ2017 }}</ref>
 ==Date==
-The specific date of Laylat al-Qadr is not mentioned in the Quran.<ref>''Islam and state in Sumatra: a study of seventeenth-century Aceh''. p. 128.</ref><ref>Marjo Buitelaar. ''Fasting and feasting in Morocco: women's participation in ramzan''. p. 64.</ref> This is because Muhammad received the information about the exact date of Laylat al-Qadr from God in a dream. He went to tell the Sahabah about that date. However, on the way the prophet Muhammad saw some people fighting which upset God, so God made Muhammad forget that date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ahadith.co.uk/chapter.php?page=4&cid=2&rows=10|last=Sahih Bukhari|title=Chapter: 2, Belief. Hadith No. 47|accessdate=10 May 2020}}</ref> With the day of the week, a Muslim date can be fixed exactly. [[Ibn Abbas]] was aware of both the date and the day of the week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ahadith.co.uk/searchresults.php?page=2&q=Night+of+Qadr|last=Sahih Bukhari|title=Chapter: 32, Night prayer in Ramadan (Taraweeh). Hadith No: 239|accessdate=10 May 2020|quote=Ibn Abbas added "Search for it on the twenty-fourth (of Ramadan)"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1SYNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA30|last=Bombay Tract and Book Society|title=Life of Mohammad|date=1856|location=Bombay|page=30}} Note that in Islam night precedes day, so that, for example, "the night of the 23rd" is not the night between the 23rd and the 24th but the night between the 22nd and the 23rd.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.futureislam.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/the-life-of-the-prophet-muhammad-volume-ii.pdf|last=Ibn Kathir (trans. Professor Trevor Le Gassick)|title=The life of the Prophet Muhammad|volume=2|page=154|quote=Similarly, Imam Ahmad recounted from Ibn 'Abbas, who said, "Your prophet was born on a Monday, left Mecca on a Monday, first received revelation on a Monday, entered Medina on a Monday and died on a Monday.}}</ref> Hence the Shia's have generally concluded that it is the 23rd (see below).<ref name="Religious Celebrations/>
+A specific date of Laylat al-Qadr is not mentioned in the Quran.<ref>''Islam and state in Sumatra: a study of seventeenth-century Aceh''. p. 128.</ref><ref>Marjo Buitelaar. ''Fasting and feasting in Morocco: women's participation in ramzan''. p. 64.</ref> Muhammad said God told him the exact date of Laylat al-Qadr in a dream, that he went to tell his [[sahaba|companions]] about that date, and that he saw two people fighting and was caused to forget the date (by God).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ahadith.co.uk/chapter.php?page=4&cid=2&rows=10|last=Sahih Bukhari|title=Chapter: 2, Belief. Hadith No. 47|access-date=10 May 2020|archive-date=2 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602141914/https://ahadith.co.uk/chapter.php?page=4&cid=2&rows=10|url-status=live}}</ref>
+According to the Islamic calendar, an Islamic day begins at ''Maghrib'' prayer (sunset). The Night of Power extends from Maghrib to ''Fajr'' prayer (dawn).<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Night of Power - Laylatul Qadr 2023 |url=https://www.islamic-relief.org.uk/giving/islamic-giving/ramadan/laylatul-qadr/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Islamic Relief UK |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-===Sunni Islam===
-[[Sunni Islam]] holds that God alone answers humanity's [[Dua|supplications]] and that He alone receives them and forgives humanity and gives them what they ask for, and that on this particular night Muslims should actively seek God's forgiveness and engage in various acts of worship.
+===Sunni Islam===
-In [[Muslim world|Islamic countries]] and [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] communities all over the world, Laylat al-Qadr is found to be on the last ten nights of Ramadan, mostly on one of the odd nights (21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th) whereby night precedes day. Many traditions insist particularly on the night before the 27th of Ramadan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.islamicacademy.org/html/Articles/English/Night_Of_Power.htm|last=Islamic Academy|title=Night of Power &#124; Lailatul (Shabbe) Shabe Shab Qadr &#124; Laylatul (Laila Tul) Qadar Qader|accessdate=16 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Arefi">{{cite journal|title=The importance of Qadr night and the secret behind it's being hidden|url=http://www.daftarmags.ir/Journal/Text/PayamZan/Article/index.aspx?JournalNumber=245&ArticleNumber=31365|journal=The message of Woman|language=Persian|last1=Mohammad Younes|first1=Arefi|accessdate=12 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813225931/http://www.daftarmags.ir/Journal/Text/PayamZan/Article/index.aspx?JournalNumber=245&ArticleNumber=31365|archive-date=13 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Parsa|first1=Farvardin|title=Laylat al-Qadr from the viewpoint of Sunni Muslims|url=http://www.bashgah.net/fa/content/show/7168|website=Andisheh Club|accessdate=12 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821120152/http://www.bashgah.net/fa/content/show/7168|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+[[Sunni Islam |Sunni]] Muslims believe that Laylat al-Qadr most likely occurs among the odd-numbered nights of the last ten nights of Ramadan (21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th). Some scholars opine that if a Friday night occurs on an odd numbered night, the night is likely to be Laylat al-Qadr.{{Need citation|date=November 2023}}<ref name="Arefi">{{cite journal|title=The importance of Qadr night and the secret behind it's being hidden|url=http://www.daftarmags.ir/Journal/Text/PayamZan/Article/index.aspx?JournalNumber=245&ArticleNumber=31365|journal=The Message of Woman|language=fa|last1=Mohammad Younes|first1=Arefi|access-date=12 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813225931/http://www.daftarmags.ir/Journal/Text/PayamZan/Article/index.aspx?JournalNumber=245&ArticleNumber=31365|archive-date=13 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Parsa|first1=Farvardin|title=Laylat al-Qadr from the viewpoint of Sunni Muslims|url=http://www.bashgah.net/fa/content/show/7168|website=Andisheh Club|access-date=12 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821120152/http://www.bashgah.net/fa/content/show/7168|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! 27th of Ramadan !! Gregorian date<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/islam/laylat-al-kadr.php|last=CalendarLabs|title=Laylat al Qadr|date=2020|accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref>
+! Last five odd nights !! Gregorian date<ref>{{cite web |url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm |title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611040922/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
 |-
+| 1441 || 25 May 2019, 27 May 2019, 29 May 2019, 31 May 2019, 2 June 2019 or 4 June 2019
-| 1438 || 22 June 2017
 |-
+| 1442 || 15 May 2020, 17 May 2020, 19 May 2020, 21 May 2020 or 23 May 2020
-| 1439 || 11 June 2018
 |-
+| 1443 || 4 May 2021, 6 May 2021, 8 May 2021, 10 May 2021 or 12 May 2021
-| 1440 || 1 June 2019
 |-
+| 1444 || 22 April 2022, 24 April 2022, 26 April 2022, 28 April 2022, or 30 April 2022
-| 1441 || 20 May 2020
+|-
+| 1445 || 31 March 2024 ,2 April 2024,4 April 2024, 6 April 2024, or 8 April 2024
 |}
 === Shia Islam ===
 {{see also|Assassination of Ali}}[[File:Qadr night in Imam Reza Shrine.jpg|thumb|Iranians observing Qadr Night in [[Imam Reza shrine]]]]
-[[File:Qadr night in Jamkaran 2.jpg|thumb|Iranians observing Qadr Night in [[Jamkaran Mosque]]]]Shia Muslims similarly believe that Laylat al-Qadr is to be found in the last ten odd nights of Ramadan but mostly on the 19th, 21st or 23rd of Ramadan with 23rd being the most important night.<ref name="Oxford" /> The 19th, according to the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] belief, coincides with the night [[Assassination of Ali|Ali was attacked]] in the [[Mihrab]] while worshipping in the [[Great Mosque of Kufa]]. He died on 21 Ramadan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alseraj.net/maktaba/kotob/english/FourteenInfallibles/ABiographical/ahlulbayt14/imam-ali.html#a16|last=Syed Muhammad Askari Jafari|title=A biographical profile of Imam Ali|accessdate=10 May 2020}}</ref>
+[[File:Qadr night in Jamkaran 2.jpg|thumb|Iranians observing Qadr Night in [[Jamkaran Mosque]]]]
+Shia Muslims similarly believe that Laylat al-Qadr is to be found in the last ten odd-numbered nights of Ramadan but mostly on the [[19 Ramadan|19th]], [[21 Ramadan|21st]] or [[23 Ramadan|23rd]] of Ramadan with 23rd being the most important night.<ref name="Oxford" /> The 19th, according to the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] belief, coincides with the night [[Assassination of Ali|Ali was attacked]] in the [[Mihrab]] while worshipping in the [[Great Mosque of Kufa]]. He died on 21 Ramadan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alseraj.net/maktaba/kotob/english/FourteenInfallibles/ABiographical/ahlulbayt14/imam-ali.html#a16|last=Syed Muhammad Askari Jafari|title=A biographical profile of Imam Ali|access-date=10 May 2020|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909182938/http://www.alseraj.net/maktaba/kotob/english/FourteenInfallibles/ABiographical/ahlulbayt14/imam-ali.html#a16|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Shia Muslims say that [[Ali]] (the first Shia [[Imam]], and the fourth [[Caliphate|caliph]] of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] to Sunnis) had special insight and intimacy with God on this night. [[Imam Sadiq]] is quoted as saying (Tafsir "al-Burhan", vol. 4, p.&nbsp;487):<blockquote>Once Imam Ali was reciting Surat al-Qadr and his sons, [[Hasan ibn Ali|Imam Hasan]] (a) and [[Husayn ibn Ali|Imam Husayn]] (a) were near him. Imam Husayn (a) asked his father: "Father, how come we feel a different sensation when you recite this surah?" Imam Ali(a) replied, "O son of the Prophet and my son! I know things from this chapter that you are not aware of now. When this surah was sent down to the Prophet he asked me to go to him. When I went to him he recited this surah, then he put his hand on my right shoulder and said: O my brother and my successor! O the leader of my nation after me! O tireless fighter with my enemies! This surah is yours after me, and is for your two sons after you. Gabriel who is my brother among the angels informs me of the events of one year of my nation at the night of Qadr. And after me he will give this information to you. This surah will always have a shining light in your heart and in the heart of your successors until the rising of the dawn of the day of reappearance of [[Qa'im Al Muhammad|Qa'im]] [the one who rises, a title for the [[Mahdi|Islamic Messiah, Mahdi]]]."<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|title=Imam Mahdi (a) in Chapter al-Qadr|url=https://www.al-islam.org/message-thaqalayn/vol-12-no-2-summer-2011/imam-mahdi-chapter-al-qadr-muhammad-reza-hakimi/imam-mahdi#chapter-al-qadr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406153257/https://www.al-islam.org/message-thaqalayn/vol-12-no-2-summer-2011/imam-mahdi-chapter-al-qadr-muhammad-reza-hakimi/imam-mahdi#chapter-al-qadr|archive-date=6 April 2019|access-date=21 March 2020|newspaper=Al-Islam.org|date=10 August 2016 |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>[[Ibn Abbas]] was aware of both the date and the day of the week.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sahih Bukhari|title=Chapter: 32, Night prayer in Ramadan (Taraweeh). Hadith No: 239|url=http://ahadith.co.uk/searchresults.php?page=2&q=Night+of+Qadr|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603220151/https://ahadith.co.uk/searchresults.php?page=2&q=Night+of+Qadr|archive-date=3 June 2020|access-date=10 May 2020|quote=Ibn Abbas added "Search for it on the twenty-fourth (of Ramadan)"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bombay Tract and Book Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1SYNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA30|title=Life of Mohammad|date=1856|location=Bombay|page=30|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104220030/https://books.google.com/books?id=1SYNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA30|archive-date=4 November 2020|url-status=live}} In Islam night precedes day, so that, for example, "the night of the 23rd" is not the night between the 23rd and the 24th but the night between the 22nd and the 23rd.</ref> Hence the Shia's have generally concluded that it is the 23rd<ref name="Religious Celebrations" />
+According to other [[Hadith|hadiths]], destinies are written on the night of Ramadan 19, are finalized on the night of Ramadan 21, and are ultimately confirmed on the night of Ramadan 23.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Klini, Sufficient Principles, 1996, vol. 2, p. 772.}}</ref>
+Two other possibilities about the time of the Night of Qadr are the nights of Ramadan 27 and [[Sha'ban]] 15.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kashani, Manhaj Al-Sadiqin, 1344, vol. 4, p. 274, quoting Eftekhari, \"Prayer and the Night of Power from the perspective of Musa Sadr\", p17}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 50: / Line 76: @@
 !Gregorian date
 |-
+|1440
-|1436
+|28 May 2019<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dang.com/ramadan-calendar/ |title=Ramadan Calendar {{CURRENTYEAR}} |website=Islamicfinder |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423060658/https://www.islamicfinder.org/ramadan-calendar/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1398 Calendar" (in Persian) |url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/TYear/Data/Ordibehesht-Khordad1398.pdf |website=calendar.ut.ac |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512075053/https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/TYear/Data/Ordibehesht-Khordad1398.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
-|10 July 2015
 |-
+|1441
-|1437
+|16 May 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1399 Calendar" (in Persian) |url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/data/Doc/Calendar%201399-Full.pdf |website=calendar.ut.ac |access-date=5 April 2020 |archive-date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525003250/https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/Data/Doc/Calendar%201399-Full.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
-|27 June 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/Tyear/Data%5Cfull-1395.pdf|title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1395 Calendar|language=fa|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref>
 |-
+|1442
-|1438
+|5 May 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1400 Calendar" (in Persian) |url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/Data/Doc/Calendar%201400-Full.pdf |website=calendar.ut.ac |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127184855/https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/Data/Doc/Calendar%201400-Full.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-|18 June 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/Tyear/Data%5Cfull-1396.pdf|title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1396 Calendar|language=fa|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref>
 |-
+|1443
-|1439
+|24 April 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1401 Calendar" (in Persian) |url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/Data/Doc/Calendar%201401-Full.pdf |website=calendar.ut.ac |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=2022-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424133750/https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/Data/Doc/Calendar%201401-Full.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
-|8 June 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/Tyear/Data%5Cfull-1397.pdf|title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1397 Calendar|language=fa|accessdate=}}</ref>
 |-
+|1444
-|1440
-|28 May 2019<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.islamicfinder.org/ramadan-calendar/ |title=Ramadan Calendar {{CURRENTYEAR}} |website=IslamicFinder}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1395 Calendar" (in Persian) |url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/TYear/Data/Ordibehesht-Khordad1398.pdf |website=calendar.ut.ac}}</ref>
+|23 April 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1403 Calendar" (in Persian) |url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/Data/Doc/Calendar%201403.pdf
+|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331102543/https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/Data/Doc/Calendar%201403.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2024
-|-
+}}</ref>
-|1441
-|16 May 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Calendar center of Geophysics institute of Tehran University, 1399 Calendar" (in Persian) |url=https://calendar.ut.ac.ir/Fa/News/Data/Doc/Calendar%201399-Full.pdf |website=calendar.ut.ac}}</ref>
 |}
 ==Religious importance==
-The night is not comparable to any others in view of Muslims<ref name="Oxford"/> and according to a tradition, the blessings due to the acts of worship during this night cannot be equaled even by worshipping throughout an entire lifetime. The reward of acts of worship done in this one single night is more than the reward of around 83 years (1000 months) of worship.<ref name="Halim">{{cite book|last1=Halim|first1=Fachrizal A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUqLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA15&dq=laylat+al-qadr|title=Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law|date=20 November 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317749189|language=en|accessdate=31 May 2017}}</ref> Laylat al-Qadr is referenced in the Quran:<ref name="Religious Celebrations" /><ref name="Oxford">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Ysuf|first=Imtiyaz|title=Laylat al-Qadr|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1058?_hi=0&_pos=4713|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|date=}}</ref>
+The night is not comparable to any others in view of Muslims<ref name="Oxford"/> and according to a tradition, the blessings due to the acts of worship during this night cannot be equaled even by worshipping throughout an entire lifetime. The reward of acts of worship done in this one single night is more than the reward of a thousand months of worship.<ref name="Halim">{{cite book|last1=Halim|first1=Fachrizal A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUqLBQAAQBAJ&q=laylat+al-qadr&pg=PA15|title=Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law|date=20 November 2014|publisher=Routledge|page=15|isbn=9781317749189|language=en|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224220027/https://books.google.com/books?id=RUqLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA15&dq=laylat+al-qadr|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Surah [[Al-Qadr]] of the Quran is about Laylat al-Qadr:<ref name="Religious Celebrations" /><ref name="Oxford">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Ysuf|first=Imtiyaz|title=Laylat al-Qadr|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1058?_hi=0&_pos=4713|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|access-date=2 June 2017|archive-date=18 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418033033/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1058?_hi=0&_pos=4713|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 {{Quote|
-# We have indeed revealed this (Message) in the Night of Power:
+# We have indeed revealed this (Message) in the Night of Decree:
-# And what will explain to thee what the Night of Power is?
+# And what will explain to thee what the Night of Decree is?
-# The Night of Power is better than a thousand months.
+# The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.
 # Therein come down the angels and the Spirit by Allah's permission, on every errand:
-# Peace!... This until the rise of dawn!|[[Surah]] 97 ([[Al-Qadr (sura)|Al-Qadr]]), [[Ayah|āyāt]] 1–5<ref>{{cite quran|97|1|e=5|s=ns}}</ref>|source=}}
+# Peace!... This until the rise of dawn!
+|
+|
+{{qref|97|1-5|c=y}}
+}}
+Devout Muslims practice spiritual retreat ([[Iʿtikāf]]) during the last ten days of Ramadan, awaiting the Night of Power, fasting and praying throughout the night, and abstaining from sexual relations.  Some Muslims practice [[Iʿtikāf]] by staying at a mosque throughout the ten days.<ref>Habib Rauf (2016), Itikaf: An Introduction. Glasgow Central Mosque.</ref>
+== Special prayers (Shi'a) ==
+Shi'as practice the special prayers (Amaal) of the Night of Qadr every year in mosques, [tekyeh]s, shrines of Imams or children of Imams, [[Hussainiya|Husayniyyas]] or their own houses. They stay vigilant the whole night until dawn and worship God. The most important practices of the Night of Qadr include congregational prayers, recitation of the Iftitah Supplication, [Abu Hamza al-Thumali] Supplication, and al-Jawshan al-Kabir, and collective supplications while they keep volumes of the Quran on top of their heads. Other rituals of the night include donations of dawn food, payment of their nadhr for the dead, feeding the poor, and emancipation of financial prisoners.
+Since the assassination of Ali occurred in the last ten days of the Ramadan month, Shi'as mourn in these nights.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Majidi Khamenei, "Nights of Glory in Iran"}}</ref>
-Shia Muslims believe that [[Ali]] (the first Shia [[Imam]], and the fourth [[Caliphate|caliph]] of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] to Sunnis) had special insight and intimacy with Allah on this night. [[Imam Sadiq]] is quoted as saying (Tafsir "al-Burhan", vol. 4, p.&nbsp;487):
-<blockquote>Once Imam Ali was reciting Surat al-Qadr and his sons, [[Imam Hasan]] (a) and [[Imam Husayn]] (a) were near him. Imam Husayn (a) asked his father: “Father, how come we feel a different sensation when you recite this surah?” Imam Ali(a) replied, “O son of the Prophet and my son! I know things from this chapter that you are not aware of now. When this surah was sent down to the Prophet he asked me to go to him. When I went to him he recited this surah, then he put his hand on my right shoulder and said: O my brother and my successor! O the leader of my nation after me! O tireless fighter with my enemies! This surah is yours after me, and is for your two sons after you. Gabriel who is my brother among the angels informs me of the events of one year of my nation at the night of Qadr. And after me he will give this information to you. This surah will always have a shining light in your heart and in the heart of your successors until the rising of the dawn of the day of reappearance of [[Al-Qāʾim Āl Muḥammad|Qa'im]] [the one who rises, a title for the [[Imam Mahdi|Islamic Messiah, Mahdi]]]."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/message-thaqalayn/vol-12-no-2-summer-2011/imam-mahdi-chapter-al-qadr-muhammad-reza-hakimi/imam-mahdi#chapter-al-qadr|title=Imam Mahdi (a) in Chapter al-Qadr|website=Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project|language=en|access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref></blockquote>
 ==See also==
 * [[Predestination in Islam]] (Qadar)
+* [[Ehya night]]
 * [[Glossary of Islam]]
 * [[Islamic calendar]]
-* [[Muslim holidays]]
+* [[Islamic holidays]]
+* [[Mandaean_cosmology#Calendar|Dehwa d-Šišlam Rabba]], The Night of Power takes place during this festival in [[Mandaeism]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 92: / Line 131: @@
 ==External links==
+* [https://lailatulqadar.info Lailatul Qadr: Night of Power]
-{{commons}}
+* [https://www.arabiantongue.com/guide-to-laylatul-qadr/ Laylatul Qadr: The Night of Power in Islam]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190810073923/https://lailatulqadar.org/ Lailatul Qadr]
-*[http://al-qiyamah.org/al_qadr_night_of_power.htm Al Qadr (The Night of Power And Fate)]
-*[http://www.zikr.co.uk/content/view/97/159/ Laylatul Qadr: Introduction and guidance on special prayers for the night. (Includes Salaatul Tasbeeh)]
-*[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2855 "Deliverance from Error on Knowledge of Times of Day and the Direction of Prayer"] is an Arabic manuscript from 1683 which talks about the Night of Destiny
 {{Muslimholidays}}
@@ Line 107: / Line 143: @@
 [[Category:Kandil|Qadr]]
 [[Category:Islamic holy days]]
-[[Category:Shia days of remembrance]]
 [[Category:Ramadan]]
 [[Category:Islamic terminology]]
+[[Category:Public holidays in Bangladesh]]

v t e Islamic holidays and observances
The two Eids	Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Adha
Other holidays and observances	Day of Arafah Day of Ashura Islamic New Year Arbaʽeen¹ Mawlid Laylat al-Raghaib Isra' and Mi'raj Mid-Sha'ban Ramadan Laylat al-Qadr Saviours' Day² Eid al-Ghadir¹ Mubahala¹ Promised Messiah Day³ Promised Reformer Day³ Caliphate Day³
¹ Shia Muslim only ² Nation of Islam only ³ Ahmadi Muslim only

v t e Holidays, observances, and celebrations in Algeria
January	New Year's Day (1) Yennayer (12)
February	Valentine's Day (14) Tafsut (28)
March	International Women's Day (8) Victory Day (19) World Water Day (22) Maghrebi Blood Donation Day (30) Spring vacation (2 last weeks)
April	April Fools' Day (1) Knowledge Day (16) Berber Spring (20) Earth Day (22) Election Day (Thursday)
May	International Workers' Day (1) World Press Freedom Day (3) Mother's Day (last Sunday)
June–July–August	Summer vacation (varies)
June	Children's Day (1) Father's Day (21)
July	Independence Day (5)
September	International Day of Peace (21)
October	International Day of Non-Violence (2) Halloween (31)
November	Revolution Day (1)
December	Christmas Eve (24) Christmas (25) New Year's Eve (31) Winter vacation (2 last weeks)
Varies (year round)	Hijri New Year's Day (Muharram 1) Ashura (Muharram 10) Ashura in Algeria Mawlid (Rabi' al-Awwal 12) Mawlid in Algeria Ramadan (Ramadan 1) Laylat al-Qadr (Ramadan 27) Eid al-Fitr (Shawwal 1) Day of Arafah (Dhu al-Hijjah 9) Eid al-Adha (Dhu al-Hijjah 10)
Bold indicates major holidays commonly celebrated in Algeria, which often represent the major celebrations of the month. See also: Lists of holidays.

v t e Ramadan
Background	Ramadan (calendar month) Fasting during Ramadan Zakat al-Fitr Fidyah and Kaffara
Meals	Suhur (before dawn) Iftar (after sunset)
Prayers and observances	Tarawih Iʿtikāf Jumu'atul-Wida Laylat al-Jaiza Eid al-Fitr Qadr Night
Ramadan culture	Date (fruit) Chaand Raat Fanous Fast-a-Thon Gargee'an Mheibes Ramadan tent Fawazeer Ramadan

Authority control databases
International	FAST
National	United States France BnF data Israel
Other	IdRef İslâm Ansiklopedisi