630-meter band: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Amateur radio frequency band}} |
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{{about|the amateur radio band|the maritime band|500 kHz}}{{use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} |
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The '''630 |
The '''630-meter''' (or 600-meter) [[amateur radio]] band is a frequency band allocated by the [[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU) to amateur radio operators, and it ranges from 472–479 kHz, or equivalently 625.9–635.1 meters [[wavelength]]. It was formally allocated to amateurs at the 2012 [[World Radiocommunication Conference]] (WRC-12). The band is available on a secondary basis in all [[ITU region]]s with the limitation that amateur stations have maximum radiated power of 1 [[watt]] [[effective isotropic radiated power]] (EIRP); however, stations more than 800 km (500 miles) from certain countries{{efn|The maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of stations in the Amateur Service using frequencies in the band 472–479 kHz shall not exceed 1 W. Administrations may increase this limit of EIRP to 5 W in portions of their territory which are at a distance of more than 800 km (500 miles) from the borders of Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, China, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, Uzbekistan, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Ukraine and Yemen. In this frequency band, stations in the amateur service shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations of the aeronautical radionavigation service.<ref name=WRC-12/>{{rp|at=§5.80A}}}} may be permitted to use 5 watts EIRP.<ref name=QST-BandBorn/><ref name=QST-Apr2012-Happenings/><ref name=QST-WRC-12/> |
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The new WRC-12 allocation did not take formal effect until 1 January 2013.<ref name=QST-Apr2012-Happenings/><ref name=QST-WRC-12/> However, several countries had already allocated the WRC-12 band to amateurs domestically. Previously, several other countries authorized temporary allocations or experimental operations on nearby frequencies. |
The new WRC-12 allocation did not take formal effect until 1 January 2013.<ref name=QST-Apr2012-Happenings/><ref name=QST-WRC-12/> However, several countries had already allocated the WRC-12 band to amateurs domestically. Previously, several other countries authorized temporary allocations or experimental operations on nearby frequencies. |
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The band is in the [[ |
The band is in the [[medium frequency]] (MF) region, within the [[500 kHz|415–526.5 kHz maritime band]]. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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During the 2012 [[World Radiocommunication Conference]] (WRC-12) of the [[International Telecommunication Union]], a 15 kHz allocation to the amateur radio service was considered on a secondary use basis. The frequencies studied were between 415 kHz and 526.5 kHz.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arrl.org/news/amateur-mf-allocation-moves-a-step-closer |publisher=[[ARRL]] |date=2011-02-24 |access-date=2011-02-25 |df=dmy-all |title=Amateur MF allocation moves a step closer}}</ref> The result was that 472–479 kHz was identified as agreeable for all three ITU Regions, except for some countries such as Russia, China, and some Arab states. |
During the 2012 [[World Radiocommunication Conference]] (WRC-12) of the [[International Telecommunication Union]], a 15 kHz allocation to the amateur radio service was considered on a secondary use basis. The frequencies studied were between 415 kHz and 526.5 kHz.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arrl.org/news/amateur-mf-allocation-moves-a-step-closer |publisher=[[ARRL]] |date=2011-02-24 |access-date=2011-02-25 |df=dmy-all |title=Amateur MF allocation moves a step closer}}</ref> The result was that 472–479 kHz was identified as agreeable for all three ITU Regions, except for some countries such as Russia, China, and some Arab states. |
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WRC-12 re-allocated the original 500 kHz frequency back to exclusive maritime mobile use for new navigation systems. On 14 February 2012, the delegates at WRC-12 formally approved allocating 472–479 kHz to the amateur radio service; however, this new allocation will not take effect until it is entered into the ITU's Radio Regulations. Following that, individual regulatory authorities need to implement the change nationally in order to make the allocation available to radio amateurs under their jurisdiction.<ref |
WRC-12 re-allocated the original 500 kHz frequency back to exclusive maritime mobile use for new navigation systems. On 14 February 2012, the delegates at WRC-12 formally approved allocating 472–479 kHz to the amateur radio service; however, this new allocation will not take effect until it is entered into the ITU's Radio Regulations. Following that, individual regulatory authorities need to implement the change nationally in order to make the allocation available to radio amateurs under their jurisdiction.<ref name=ARRL2012Feb14/> |
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Recently amateurs have experimented with weak-signal radio communication near 474.2 kHz, utilising [[WSPR (amateur radio software)|WSPR]]. |
Recently amateurs have experimented with weak-signal radio communication near 474.2 kHz, utilising [[WSPR (amateur radio software)|WSPR]]. |
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== Countries in which operation is permitted == |
== Countries in which operation is permitted == |
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[[File:Amateur-radio-regions-with-600m-allocation.svg|thumb|Regions with an amateur radio allocation near 500 kHz. |
[[File:Amateur-radio-regions-with-600m-allocation.svg|thumb|400px|Regions with an amateur radio allocation near 500 kHz in early 2011. Dark blue indicates official allocations based on WRC-12. Light blue indicates official allocations that are outside the WRC-12 frequencies (e.g. Norway). Green indicates experimental allocations. Operation is prohibited in red regions.]] |
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=== Countries with a known band allocation === |
=== Countries with a known band allocation === |
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In [[Argentina]], amateurs have an allocation of 472–479 kHz.<ref name="ARRL |
In [[Argentina]], amateurs have an allocation of 472–479 kHz.<ref name="ARRL-ES-AR"/> |
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In [[Australia]] amateurs now have an allocation from 472–479 kHz, known as the 630 |
In [[Australia]] amateurs now have an allocation from 472–479 kHz, known as the 630-metre band. The maximum EIRP is 5 watts. |
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In [[Belgium]], on 14 August 2013, a new allocation of 472–479 kHz has been added to the existing allocation of 501–504 kHz for ham radio operators holding a HAREC-class license. The maximum EIRP is 5 |
In [[Belgium]], on 14 August 2013, a new allocation of 472–479 kHz has been added to the existing allocation of 501–504 kHz for ham radio operators holding a HAREC-class license. The maximum EIRP is 5 watts. All modes are permitted.<ref name=BIPT2013Aug/> |
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In [[Brazil]], amateurs received privileges as secondary users on 472–479 kHz in August 2018.<ref |
In [[Brazil]], amateurs received privileges as secondary users on 472–479 kHz in August 2018.<ref name=Anatel2018Aug/> |
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In [[Canada]], amateurs have a secondary allocation from 472–479 kHz beginning 1 April 2014 where they may not exceed 5 W, or 1 W EIRP in some locations.<ref |
In [[Canada]], amateurs have a secondary allocation from 472–479 kHz beginning 1 April 2014 where they may not exceed 5 W, or 1 W EIRP in some locations.<ref name=Canada2014/><ref name="ARRL-Canada"/> |
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In [[France]] (including the [[French Overseas Departments and Territories]]) amateurs have access to 472–479 kHz, with 1 |
In [[France]] (including the [[French Overseas Departments and Territories]]) amateurs have access to 472–479 kHz, with 1 watt EIRP.<ref name=FrenchBands/> |
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[[Germany]] allocated the frequencies to amateur radio based on the WRC-12 conference, effective 13 June 2012.<ref |
[[Germany]] allocated the frequencies to amateur radio based on the WRC-12 conference, effective 13 June 2012.<ref name=Southgate2012Jun/> |
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In [[New Zealand]], the band 472–479 kHz was allocated to amateur radio, on a secondary basis, with an effective date of 20 December 2012. Amateur transmissions are limited to 25 watts EIRP.<ref name="NZ-GURL" |
In [[New Zealand]], the band 472–479 kHz was allocated to amateur radio, on a secondary basis, with an effective date of 20 December 2012. Amateur transmissions are limited to 25 watts EIRP.<ref name="NZ-GURL"/> |
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In [[Norway]], including [[Svalbard]], [[Jan Mayen]], and the [[Bouvet Island]], amateurs have an allocation of 472–479 kHz on a secondary basis. Maximum output power is 100 |
In [[Norway]], including [[Svalbard]], [[Jan Mayen]], and the [[Bouvet Island]], amateurs have an allocation of 472–479 kHz on a secondary basis. Maximum output power is 100 watts, and maximum EIRP of 1 watt.<ref name=Lovdata2009NovB/> |
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The [[Philippines]] allocated 472–479 kHz to amateur radio, with an effective date of 30 August 2012.<ref |
The [[Philippines]] allocated 472–479 kHz to amateur radio, with an effective date of 30 August 2012.<ref name=Southgate2012Sep/> |
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In [[Poland]], amateurs have an allocation from 472–479 kHz since 18 February 2014. The maximum EIRP is 1 |
In [[Poland]], amateurs have an allocation from 472–479 kHz since 18 February 2014. The maximum EIRP is 1 watt.<ref name=PZK2014Feb/> |
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The [[Principality of Monaco]] allocated 472–479 kHz to the amateur service on 18 May 2012.<ref |
The [[Principality of Monaco]] allocated 472–479 kHz to the amateur service on 18 May 2012.<ref name=IARU2012May29/> |
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In the [[United States |
In the [[United States]], the [[Federal Communications Commission]] approved allocating 472–479 kHz on a secondary basis to the amateur service, in a report and order released on 29 March 2017.<ref name=FCC2017Mar29/> Amateurs wishing to operate on the band will need to notify [http://www.utc.org the Utilities Technology Council (UTC)] and be separated at least 1 km (1000 yards) from electric transmission lines that carry [[power-line communication]] (PLC) signals that use the same band. The maximum [[EIRP]] is 5 watts with the transmitter output power not exceeding 500 watts [[Peak envelope power|PEP]]. CW, RTTY, data, phone, and image emissions are allowed. The first US amateur stations activated the band on Friday 13 October 2017.<ref name=ARRL2017Oct17/> |
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In |
In the [[Netherlands]], amateurs have an allocation from 472–479 kHz. Restriction in this is that no contests are allowed, and only the modes A1A, F1A, G1A, and J2A are allowed. The allocation is secondary, and a maximum power rating of 100 watts PEP is allowed.<ref name=NL2017Apr/> |
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As of December 2012, amateurs in some other countries continue to operate on their pre-WRC-12 permits on other frequencies. |
As of December 2012, amateurs in some other countries continue to operate on their pre-WRC-12 permits on other frequencies. |
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In [[Belgium]], amateurs were allocated 501–504 kHz on a secondary basis on 15 January 2008. Only CW may be used with a maximum ERP of 5 W.<ref name="IARU-R1-ham"/> On 14 August 2013, an additional allocation for 472–479 kHz has been added allowing all modes of transmission. |
In [[Belgium]], amateurs were allocated 501–504 kHz on a secondary basis on 15 January 2008. Only CW may be used with a maximum ERP of 5 W.<ref name="IARU-R1-ham"/> On 14 August 2013, an additional allocation for 472–479 kHz has been added allowing all modes of transmission. |
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In [[Norway]], the band 493–510 kHz was allocated to radio amateurs on 6 November 2009. Only radiotelegraphy is permitted.<ref |
In [[Norway]], the band 493–510 kHz was allocated to radio amateurs on 6 November 2009. Only radiotelegraphy is permitted.<ref name=lovdata2009NovA/> After WRC-12, this allocation was replaced with an allocation of 472–479 kHz. |
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In the [[Netherlands]] 501–505 kHz was allocated to Amateur Radio operators, with a maximum of 100 watts [[Peak envelope power|PEP]], on 1 January 2012.<ref name=zoek2012Dec/>{{efn|name=zoek2012Dec_quote}} |
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| ⚫ | In [[New Zealand]], the 505–515 kHz band was allocated to amateur radio temporarily, "pending an international frequency allocation", on 1 March 2010. Amateur use is on a non-interference basis, and transmissions are limited to 25 |
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| ⚫ | In [[New Zealand]], the 505–515 kHz band was allocated to amateur radio temporarily, "pending an international frequency allocation", on 1 March 2010. Amateur use is on a non-interference basis, and transmissions are limited to 25 watts EIRP, with a bandwidth not exceeding 200 Hz.<ref name=NZART2010Feb/> Now that an international frequency allocation has been made by the [[ITU]] and subsequently implemented in New Zealand, this temporary band is being phased out. A transition period of one year was given for amateurs to move to the new allocation. Use of this band will not be permitted after 31 December 2013.<ref name="NZ-GURL"/> |
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In the [[Netherlands]] 501–505 kHz was allocated to Amateur Radio operators, with a maximum of 100 Watts [[Peak envelope power|PEP]], on 1 January 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2011-23518.html |title=Regeling van de Minister van Economische Zaken, Landbouw en Innovatie van 20 December 2011, nr. AT-EL&I/6621235, tot wijziging van de Regeling gebruik van frequentieruimte zonder vergunning 2008 in verband met de implementatie van twee besluiten van de Commissie van de Europese Gemeenschappen en het vergunningvrij maken van het gebruik van grond- en muur penetrerende radar |publisher=overheid.nl |date=2012-12-30 |access-date=2012-01-03 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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=== Countries with past or current experimental operation === |
=== Countries with past or current experimental operation === |
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Other regions have granted experimental uses for selected licensees in advance of any international frequency allocation. |
Other regions have granted experimental uses for selected licensees in advance of any international frequency allocation. |
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The [[United States|U.S.]] [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) granted the [[American Radio Relay League]] an experimental license to explore such uses in September 2006.<ref |
The [[United States|U.S.]] [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) granted the [[American Radio Relay League]] an experimental license to explore such uses in September 2006.<ref name=QST2006Dec/> Eleven years later, the US FCC granted access to all amateurs with a general (or higher) license, effective 13 October 2017.<ref name=ARRL2017Oct19/> |
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Subsequently, the [[United Kingdom|UK]] started to issue Special Research Permits for amateurs to use 501–504 kHz.<ref |
Subsequently, the [[United Kingdom|UK]] started to issue Special Research Permits for amateurs to use 501–504 kHz.<ref name=RSGB2011Feb/> |
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[[Ireland]] has allowed individuals to apply for Test Licenses in the 501–504 kHz frequency range.<ref name="IARU-R1-ham"/> |
[[Ireland]] has allowed individuals to apply for Test Licenses in the 501–504 kHz frequency range.<ref name="IARU-R1-ham"/> |
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== Countries in which operation is prohibited == |
== Countries in which operation is prohibited == |
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As part of the compromise to allocate the band, a new footnote |
As part of the compromise to allocate the band, a new footnote{{efn|The use of the frequency band 472–479 kHz in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, China, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Uzbekistan, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen is limited to the maritime mobile and aeronautical radio-navigation services. The Amateur Service shall not be used in the above-mentioned countries in this frequency band, and this should be taken into account by the countries authorizing such use.<ref name=WRC-12/>{{rp|at=§5.80B}}}} was added to the ITU's Table of Frequency Allocations, which prohibits amateur operation between 472–479 kHz in many countries: |
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{{div col|colwidth= |
{{div col|colwidth=10em}} |
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*[[Algeria]] |
*[[Algeria]] |
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*[[Azerbaijan]] |
*[[Azerbaijan]] |
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*[[Radio propagation]] |
*[[Radio propagation]] |
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*[[LowFER]] |
*[[LowFER]] |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{notelist|notes= |
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{{efn|name=zoek2012Dec_quote| |
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"... tot wijziging van de Regeling gebruik van frequentieruimte zonder vergunning 2008 in verband met de implementatie van twee besluiten van de Commissie van de Europese Gemeenschappen en het vergunningvrij maken van het gebruik van grond- en muur penetrerende radar ..."<ref name=zoek2012Dec/> |
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: |
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[... ''amending the Regulation on the use of frequency space without a license 2008 in connection with the implementation of two decisions of the Commission of the European Communities and making the use of ground-penetrating and wall-penetrating radar license-free'' ...] |
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: |
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}} |
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}} <!-- end "notes=" --> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist|25em|refs= |
{{reflist|25em|refs= |
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<ref name= |
<ref name=Anatel2018Aug>{{cite web |url=http://www.anatel.gov.br/legislacao/resolucoes/2018/1157-resolucao-697 |title=Resolução nº 697, de 28 de agosto de 2018 |access-date=11 December 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ARRL-Canada">{{cite news |url=http://www.arrl.org/news/canadian-radio-amateurs-gain-new-472-479-khz-band |title=Canadian radio amateurs gain new 472–479 kHz band |website=ARRL.org}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ARRL-ES-AR">{{cite news |title=Radio amateurs in Spain, Argentina gain new and extended bands |url=http://www.arrl.org/news/radio-amateurs-in-spain-argentina-gain-new-and-extended-bands |website=arrl.org |publisher=[[American Radio Relay League]] |access-date=11 April 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name=ARRL2012Feb14>{{cite news |url=http://www.arrl.org/news/amateur-radio-gets-secondary-mf-allocation-at-wrc-12 |date=2012-02-14 |access-date=2012-02-14 |df=dmy-all |title=Amateur radio gets secondary MF allocation at WRC-12}}</ref> |
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<ref name=ARRL2017Oct19>{{cite news |url=http://www.arrl.org/arrlletter?issue=2017-10-19 |title=New ham bands spring to life |publisher=American Radio Relay League |location=Newington, CT |access-date=2017-10-22 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name=ARRL2017Oct17>{{cite web |url=http://www.arrl.org/news/new-ham-bands-spring-to-life-veteran-lf-experimenter-denied-amateur-access-to-2200-meters |title=New ham bands spring to life; Veteran LF experimenter denied amateur access to 2200 meters |date=2017-10-17 |publisher=[[ARRL]] |location=Newington, CT |access-date=2017-10-20 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name=BIPT2013Aug>{{cite web |url=http://bipt.be/ShowDoc.aspx?objectID=4014&lang=nl |title=BIPT - Besluit van de Raad van het BIPT van 13 Augustus 2013 betreffende de toegang van de radioamateurs tot de frequentiebanden 472,000–479,000 kHz en 70,1900–70,4125 MHz |language=Dutch |access-date=2013-09-07 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Canada2014>{{cite web |url=http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf10759.html#t1 |title=Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations |year=2014 |access-date=2015-02-15 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name=FCC2017Mar29>{{cite web |title=FCC 17-33 |series=Report and Order |url=https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-17-33A1.pdf |publisher=Federal Communications Commission |date=27 March 2017 |publication-date=29 March 2017 |access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> |
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<ref name=FrenchBands>{{cite press release |date=2013-12-17 |title=Décision no 2013-1515 |trans-title=Decision No. 2013-1515 |url=http://www.ref-union.org/images/stories/ARCEP/2013_1515.pdf |url-status=live |type=Press release |language=fr |publisher=[[Autorité de Régulation des Communications Électroniques, des Postes et de la Distribution de la Presse|ARCEP]] |department=[[Réseau des Émetteurs Français]] |pages=4–5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317230438/http://www.ref-union.org/images/stories/ARCEP/2013_1515.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-17 |access-date=2014-03-17 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name=IARU2012May29>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaru-r1.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=993:claude-passet&catid=53:spectrum |title=472-479 kHz in Monaco |date=2012-05-29 |publisher=International Amateur Radio Union - Region 1 |access-date=2012-09-04 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name="IARU-R1-ham">{{cite web |url=http://www.iaru-r1.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=180&Itemid=133 |title=500 kHz |publisher=[[International Amateur Radio Union|IARU]] Region 1 |last1=Thomas |first1=Colin G3PSM |last2=Timmerman |first2=Hans (PB2T) |date=2010-08-15 |access-date=2012-04-15 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name=lovdata2009NovA>{{cite web |url=http://www.lovdata.no/cgi-wift/wiftldrens?/usr/www/lovdata/ltavd1/filer/sf-20091105-1340.html |title=Forskrift om radioamatørlisens (Amateur Radio Regulations) |publisher=Lovdata |access-date=2009-11-08 |df=dmy-all |language=no}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Lovdata2009NovB>{{cite web |url=http://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2009-11-05-1340 |title=Forskrift om radioamatørlisens |publisher=Lovdata |access-date=2014-04-16 |df=dmy-all |language=no}}</ref> |
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<ref name=NL2017Apr>{{cite web |url=https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0036375/2017-04-01#Bijlagens |title=Regeling gebruik van frequentieruimte met meldingsplicht 2015 |date=2015-02-26 |website=wetten.overheid.nl |access-date=2020-02-15 |df=dmy-all |lang=nl}}</ref> |
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<ref name=NZART2010Feb>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzart.org.nz/council/policies/2010-access-to-600-m/ |title=2010 NZ amateurs granted access to 600 metre band |publisher=[[NZART]] |date=2010-02-24 |access-date=2012-04-15 |df=dmy-all |first=Roy (ZL2KH) |last=Symon}}</ref> |
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<ref name="NZ-GURL">{{cite web |url=http://www.rsm.govt.nz/cms/licensees/types-of-licence/general-user-licences/amateur-radio-operators |title=Radiocommunications Regulations (General User Radio License for Amateur Radio Operators) Notice 2012 |date=2012-12-07 |publisher=New Zealand Government Website |access-date=2012-12-12 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name=PZK2014Feb>{{cite web |url=https://pzk.org.pl/news.php?readmore=3029 |title=Pierwsze eksperymenty w paśmie 630 m. |language=Polish |date=2014-02-23 |access-date=2015-02-12 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | <ref name=QST-Apr2012-Happenings>{{cite magazine |last1=Keane |first1=S. Khrystyne <!-- |editor-last=Ford |editor-first=Steve --> |date=2012-04-01 |df=dmy-all |title=Happenings |magazine=[[QST Magazine]] |volume=96 |issue=4 |page=77 |location=Newington, CT |publisher=American Radio Relay League |issn=0033-4812}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | <ref name=QST-BandBorn>{{cite magazine |last1=Sumner |first1=David <!-- |editor-last=Ford |editor-first=Steve --> |date=2012-04-01 |df=dmy-all |title=A new band is born! |magazine=[[QST Magazine]] |volume=96 |issue=4 |page=9 |location=Newington, CT |publisher=American Radio Relay League |issn=0033-4812}}</ref> |
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<ref name=QST-WRC-12>{{cite magazine |last1=Sumner |first1=David <!-- |editor-last=Ford |editor-first=Steve --> |date=2012-05-01 |df=dmy-all |title=WRC-12 results in new amateur MF allocation |magazine=[[QST Magazine]] |volume=96 |issue=5 |pages=62–66 |location=Newington, CT |publisher=American Radio Relay League |issn=0033-4812}}</ref> |
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<ref name=RSGB2011Feb>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsgb-spectrumforum.org.uk/ofcom_501kHz_%20srp.htm |title=Special research permits in the region of 501 kHz |publisher=[[Radio Society of Great Britain|RSGB]] |access-date=2011-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525153021/http://www.rsgb-spectrumforum.org.uk/ofcom_501kHz_%20srp.htm |archive-date=2011-05-25 |df=dmy-all |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Southgate2012Jun>{{cite news |url=http://www.southgatearc.org/news/june2012/german_radio_hams_gain_access_to_472_479%20khz.htm |title=German radio hams gain access to 472–479 kHz |date=2012-06-14 |publisher=Southgate Amateur Radio Club |access-date=2012-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104103/http://www.southgatearc.org/news/june2012/german_radio_hams_gain_access_to_472_479%20khz.htm |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Southgate2012Sep>{{cite news |url=http://www.southgatearc.org/news/september2012/philippine_radio_hams_get_7200_7300_khz.htm |title=Philippine Radio Hams get 7,200–7,300 kHz |date=2012-09-01 |publisher=Southgate Amateur Radio Club |access-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104119/http://www.southgatearc.org/news/september2012/philippine_radio_hams_get_7200_7300_khz.htm |archive-date=2015-09-24 |df=dmy-all |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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<ref name=WRC-12>{{cite report |title=Final Acts of the World Radiocommunication Conference, Geneva, 2012 (WRC-12) |place=Geneva, CH |year=2012 |publisher=International Telecommunication Union |url=http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/pub/805627a4-en}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | <ref name= |
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<ref name=zoek2012Dec>{{cite web |title=Regeling van de Minister van Economische Zaken, Landbouw, en Innovatie |orig-year=20 December 2011 |id=nr. AT-EL&I/6621235 |url=https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2011-23518.html |website=officielebekendmakingen.nl |publisher=overheid.nl |date=2012-12-30 |access-date=2012-01-03 |df=dmy-all |lang=nl}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | <ref name=QST- |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | <ref name=QST- |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415015323/http://www.rsgb-spectrumforum.org.uk/mf.htm |title=Proposal for experimental amateur radio access to 500 kHz |publisher=[[Radio Society of Great Britain]]}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.rsgb-spectrumforum.org.uk/mf.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415015323/http://www.rsgb-spectrumforum.org.uk/mf.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-04-15 |title=Proposal for experimental amateur radio access to 500 kHz |publisher=[[Radio Society of Great Britain]]}} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.500kc.com |title=The 500 kc Experimental Group for Amateur Radio}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.500kc.com |title=The 500 kc Experimental Group for Amateur Radio}} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/home/index.html |title=International Telecommunication Union}} |
* {{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/home/index.html |title=International Telecommunication Union}} |
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* {{cite web |url=http://472kHz.org |title=472kHz.org}} |
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{{AmateurRadioBands}} |
{{AmateurRadioBands}} |
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Latest revision as of 15:50, 23 July 2024
The 630-meter (or 600-meter) amateur radio band is a frequency band allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to amateur radio operators, and it ranges from 472–479 kHz, or equivalently 625.9–635.1 meters wavelength. It was formally allocated to amateurs at the 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-12). The band is available on a secondary basis in all ITU regions with the limitation that amateur stations have maximum radiated power of 1 watt effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP); however, stations more than 800 km (500 miles) from certain countries[a] may be permitted to use 5 watts EIRP.[2][3][4]
The new WRC-12 allocation did not take formal effect until 1 January 2013.[3][4] However, several countries had already allocated the WRC-12 band to amateurs domestically. Previously, several other countries authorized temporary allocations or experimental operations on nearby frequencies.
The band is in the medium frequency (MF) region, within the 415–526.5 kHz maritime band.
History
[edit]With maritime traffic largely displaced from 500 kHz band, some countries had taken steps prior to 2012 to allocate frequencies at or near 500 kHz to amateur radio use.
During the 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-12) of the International Telecommunication Union, a 15 kHz allocation to the amateur radio service was considered on a secondary use basis. The frequencies studied were between 415 kHz and 526.5 kHz.[5] The result was that 472–479 kHz was identified as agreeable for all three ITU Regions, except for some countries such as Russia, China, and some Arab states.
WRC-12 re-allocated the original 500 kHz frequency back to exclusive maritime mobile use for new navigation systems. On 14 February 2012, the delegates at WRC-12 formally approved allocating 472–479 kHz to the amateur radio service; however, this new allocation will not take effect until it is entered into the ITU's Radio Regulations. Following that, individual regulatory authorities need to implement the change nationally in order to make the allocation available to radio amateurs under their jurisdiction.[6]
Recently amateurs have experimented with weak-signal radio communication near 474.2 kHz, utilising WSPR.
Countries in which operation is permitted
[edit]
Countries with a known band allocation
[edit]In Argentina, amateurs have an allocation of 472–479 kHz.[7]
In Australia amateurs now have an allocation from 472–479 kHz, known as the 630-metre band. The maximum EIRP is 5 watts.
In Belgium, on 14 August 2013, a new allocation of 472–479 kHz has been added to the existing allocation of 501–504 kHz for ham radio operators holding a HAREC-class license. The maximum EIRP is 5 watts. All modes are permitted.[8]
In Brazil, amateurs received privileges as secondary users on 472–479 kHz in August 2018.[9]
In Canada, amateurs have a secondary allocation from 472–479 kHz beginning 1 April 2014 where they may not exceed 5 W, or 1 W EIRP in some locations.[10][11]
In France (including the French Overseas Departments and Territories) amateurs have access to 472–479 kHz, with 1 watt EIRP.[12]
Germany allocated the frequencies to amateur radio based on the WRC-12 conference, effective 13 June 2012.[13]
In New Zealand, the band 472–479 kHz was allocated to amateur radio, on a secondary basis, with an effective date of 20 December 2012. Amateur transmissions are limited to 25 watts EIRP.[14]
In Norway, including Svalbard, Jan Mayen, and the Bouvet Island, amateurs have an allocation of 472–479 kHz on a secondary basis. Maximum output power is 100 watts, and maximum EIRP of 1 watt.[15]
The Philippines allocated 472–479 kHz to amateur radio, with an effective date of 30 August 2012.[16]
In Poland, amateurs have an allocation from 472–479 kHz since 18 February 2014. The maximum EIRP is 1 watt.[17]
The Principality of Monaco allocated 472–479 kHz to the amateur service on 18 May 2012.[18]
In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission approved allocating 472–479 kHz on a secondary basis to the amateur service, in a report and order released on 29 March 2017.[19] Amateurs wishing to operate on the band will need to notify the Utilities Technology Council (UTC) and be separated at least 1 km (1000 yards) from electric transmission lines that carry power-line communication (PLC) signals that use the same band. The maximum EIRP is 5 watts with the transmitter output power not exceeding 500 watts PEP. CW, RTTY, data, phone, and image emissions are allowed. The first US amateur stations activated the band on Friday 13 October 2017.[20]
In the Netherlands, amateurs have an allocation from 472–479 kHz. Restriction in this is that no contests are allowed, and only the modes A1A, F1A, G1A, and J2A are allowed. The allocation is secondary, and a maximum power rating of 100 watts PEP is allowed.[21]
As of December 2012, amateurs in some other countries continue to operate on their pre-WRC-12 permits on other frequencies.
Allocations before WRC-12
[edit]In Belgium, amateurs were allocated 501–504 kHz on a secondary basis on 15 January 2008. Only CW may be used with a maximum ERP of 5 W.[22] On 14 August 2013, an additional allocation for 472–479 kHz has been added allowing all modes of transmission.
In Norway, the band 493–510 kHz was allocated to radio amateurs on 6 November 2009. Only radiotelegraphy is permitted.[23] After WRC-12, this allocation was replaced with an allocation of 472–479 kHz.
In the Netherlands 501–505 kHz was allocated to Amateur Radio operators, with a maximum of 100 watts PEP, on 1 January 2012.[24][b]
In New Zealand, the 505–515 kHz band was allocated to amateur radio temporarily, "pending an international frequency allocation", on 1 March 2010. Amateur use is on a non-interference basis, and transmissions are limited to 25 watts EIRP, with a bandwidth not exceeding 200 Hz.[25] Now that an international frequency allocation has been made by the ITU and subsequently implemented in New Zealand, this temporary band is being phased out. A transition period of one year was given for amateurs to move to the new allocation. Use of this band will not be permitted after 31 December 2013.[14]
Countries with past or current experimental operation
[edit]Other regions have granted experimental uses for selected licensees in advance of any international frequency allocation.
The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted the American Radio Relay League an experimental license to explore such uses in September 2006.[26] Eleven years later, the US FCC granted access to all amateurs with a general (or higher) license, effective 13 October 2017.[27]
Subsequently, the UK started to issue Special Research Permits for amateurs to use 501–504 kHz.[28]
Ireland has allowed individuals to apply for Test Licenses in the 501–504 kHz frequency range.[22]
Canada has allowed individuals to apply for use in the 504–509 kHz frequency range.[22]
Other regions with experimental operations include Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Spain, and Slovenia.[22]
Countries in which operation is prohibited
[edit]As part of the compromise to allocate the band, a new footnote[c] was added to the ITU's Table of Frequency Allocations, which prohibits amateur operation between 472–479 kHz in many countries:
See also
[edit]- Maritime band, or 500 kHz
- Maritime mobile amateur radio
- Medium frequency radio propagation
- Radio propagation
- LowFER
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ The maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of stations in the Amateur Service using frequencies in the band 472–479 kHz shall not exceed 1 W. Administrations may increase this limit of EIRP to 5 W in portions of their territory which are at a distance of more than 800 km (500 miles) from the borders of Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, China, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, Uzbekistan, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Ukraine and Yemen. In this frequency band, stations in the amateur service shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations of the aeronautical radionavigation service.[1]: §5.80A
- ^
"... tot wijziging van de Regeling gebruik van frequentieruimte zonder vergunning 2008 in verband met de implementatie van twee besluiten van de Commissie van de Europese Gemeenschappen en het vergunningvrij maken van het gebruik van grond- en muur penetrerende radar ..."[24]
- ^ The use of the frequency band 472–479 kHz in Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, China, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Uzbekistan, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen is limited to the maritime mobile and aeronautical radio-navigation services. The Amateur Service shall not be used in the above-mentioned countries in this frequency band, and this should be taken into account by the countries authorizing such use.[1]: §5.80B
References
[edit]- ^ a b Final Acts of the World Radiocommunication Conference, Geneva, 2012 (WRC-12) (Report). Geneva, CH: International Telecommunication Union. 2012.
- ^ Sumner, David (1 April 2012). "A new band is born!". QST Magazine. Vol. 96, no. 4. Newington, CT: American Radio Relay League. p. 9. ISSN 0033-4812.
- ^ a b Keane, S. Khrystyne (1 April 2012). "Happenings". QST Magazine. Vol. 96, no. 4. Newington, CT: American Radio Relay League. p. 77. ISSN 0033-4812.
- ^ a b Sumner, David (1 May 2012). "WRC-12 results in new amateur MF allocation". QST Magazine. Vol. 96, no. 5. Newington, CT: American Radio Relay League. pp. 62–66. ISSN 0033-4812.
- ^ "Amateur MF allocation moves a step closer". ARRL. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
- ^ "Amateur radio gets secondary MF allocation at WRC-12". 14 February 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ "Radio amateurs in Spain, Argentina gain new and extended bands". arrl.org. American Radio Relay League. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ "BIPT - Besluit van de Raad van het BIPT van 13 Augustus 2013 betreffende de toegang van de radioamateurs tot de frequentiebanden 472,000–479,000 kHz en 70,1900–70,4125 MHz" (in Dutch). Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- ^ "Resolução nº 697, de 28 de agosto de 2018". Retrieved 11 December 2018.
- ^ "Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations". 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
- ^ "Canadian radio amateurs gain new 472–479 kHz band". ARRL.org.
- ^ "Décision no 2013-1515" [Decision No. 2013-1515] (PDF). Réseau des Émetteurs Français (Press release) (in French). ARCEP. 17 December 2013. pp. 4–5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
- ^ "German radio hams gain access to 472–479 kHz". Southgate Amateur Radio Club. 14 June 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Radiocommunications Regulations (General User Radio License for Amateur Radio Operators) Notice 2012". New Zealand Government Website. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
- ^ "Forskrift om radioamatørlisens" (in Norwegian). Lovdata. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ "Philippine Radio Hams get 7,200–7,300 kHz". Southgate Amateur Radio Club. 1 September 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
- ^ "Pierwsze eksperymenty w paśmie 630 m" (in Polish). 23 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ^ "472-479 kHz in Monaco". International Amateur Radio Union - Region 1. 29 May 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
- ^ "FCC 17-33" (PDF). Report and Order. Federal Communications Commission (published 29 March 2017). 27 March 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "New ham bands spring to life; Veteran LF experimenter denied amateur access to 2200 meters". Newington, CT: ARRL. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ "Regeling gebruik van frequentieruimte met meldingsplicht 2015". wetten.overheid.nl (in Dutch). 26 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d Thomas, Colin G3PSM; Timmerman, Hans (PB2T) (15 August 2010). "500 kHz". IARU Region 1. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Forskrift om radioamatørlisens (Amateur Radio Regulations)" (in Norwegian). Lovdata. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
- ^ a b "Regeling van de Minister van Economische Zaken, Landbouw, en Innovatie". officielebekendmakingen.nl (in Dutch). overheid.nl. 30 December 2012 [20 December 2011]. nr. AT-EL&I/6621235. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
- ^ Symon, Roy (ZL2KH) (24 February 2010). "2010 NZ amateurs granted access to 600 metre band". NZART. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Ford, Steve, ed. (1 December 2006). "[no title cited]". QST Magazine. American Radio Relay League. p. 62.
- ^ "New ham bands spring to life". Newington, CT: American Radio Relay League. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ^ "Special research permits in the region of 501 kHz". RSGB. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.