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Coordinates: 12°32′08″S 28°14′31″E / 12.53556°S 28.24194°E / -12.53556; 28.24194
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|motto =
|motto =
<!-- images and maps ----------->
<!-- images and maps ----------->
|image_skyline = Copper-lw27c.jpg
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Specimen of [[native copper]] from the Mufulira Mine
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|image_seal = Mufulira Coat of arms.jpg
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Zambia
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Zambia
<!-- Location ------------------>
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Zambia.svg|25px]] [[Zambia]]
|subdivision_name = Zambia
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Zambia|Province]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Zambia|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Copperbelt Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Copperbelt Province|Copperbelt]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Zambia#Copperbelt Province|District]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Zambia#Copperbelt Province|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Mufulira District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Mufulira District]]
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}}
}}


'''Mufulira''', is a town in the [[Copperbelt Province]] of [[Zambia]]. Mufulira means "Place of Abundance and Peace". The town developed around the Mufulira Copper Mine in the 1930s. The town also serves as the administrative capital of [[Mufulira District]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.zambia-info.org/country/town/1340/mufulira |title=Mufulira Travel Information |publisher=Zambia-info.org |date=2019 | author=Zambia-Info |access-date=22 May 2020 |location=Lusaka}}</ref>
'''Mufulira''' is a town in the [[Copperbelt Province]] of [[Zambia]]. Mufulira means "Place of Abundance and Peace". The town developed around the Mufulira Copper Mine in the 1930s. The town also serves as the administrative capital of [[Mufulira District]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.zambia-info.org/country/town/1340/mufulira |title=Mufulira Travel Information |publisher=Zambia-info.org |date=2019 | author=Zambia-Info |access-date=22 May 2020 |location=Lusaka}}</ref>


==Location==
==Geography==
===Location===
Mufulira is located approximately {{convert|19|km|0}} southwest of the town of Mokambo, at the international border with the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref name="2R">{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mufulira,+Zambia/Mokambo,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-12.6015126,28.1461927,9.5z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d18d26a3efb71:0x148df1d2866cfe62!2m2!1d28.2409671!2d-12.5502705!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d3c638e4bd9eb:0x80d8007f30b76717!2m2!1d28.3491169!2d-12.426521!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Mokambo, Democratic Republic of the Congo | access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> A tarmacked highway to the south-west connects Mufulira to [[Kitwe]], {{convert|43|km|0}} away.<ref name="3R">{{google maps|title=Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Kitwe, Zambia |access-date=22 May 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mufulira,+Zambia/Kitwe,+Zambia/@-12.6867469,28.0418465,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d18d26a3efb71:0x148df1d2866cfe62!2m2!1d28.2409671!2d-12.5502705!1m5!1m1!1s0x196ce605eca5524d:0xfbb3502bc576f8e4!2m2!1d28.2175744!2d-12.8231947!3e0}}</ref>
Mufulira is located approximately {{convert|19|km|0}} southwest of the town of [[Mokambo]], at the international border with the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref name="2R">{{google maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mufulira,+Zambia/Mokambo,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-12.6015126,28.1461927,9.5z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d18d26a3efb71:0x148df1d2866cfe62!2m2!1d28.2409671!2d-12.5502705!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d3c638e4bd9eb:0x80d8007f30b76717!2m2!1d28.3491169!2d-12.426521!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Mokambo, Democratic Republic of the Congo | access-date=2 May 2020}}</ref> A tarmac highway to the south-west (the [[M4 Road (Zambia)|M4 road]]) connects Mufulira to [[Kitwe]], {{convert|43|km|0}} away.<ref name="3R">{{google maps|title=Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Kitwe, Zambia |access-date=22 May 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mufulira,+Zambia/Kitwe,+Zambia/@-12.6867469,28.0418465,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d18d26a3efb71:0x148df1d2866cfe62!2m2!1d28.2409671!2d-12.5502705!1m5!1m1!1s0x196ce605eca5524d:0xfbb3502bc576f8e4!2m2!1d28.2175744!2d-12.8231947!3e0}}</ref>


The city of [[Ndola]], the commercial and transport hub of the Copperbelt, lies approximately {{convert|105|km|0}}, by road, southeast of Mufulira. A shorter, less well-maintained road exists and measures {{convert|70|km|0}}.<ref name="4R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mufulira,+Zambia/Ndola,+Zambia/@-12.9172181,28.7419357,7.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d18d26a3efb71:0x148df1d2866cfe62!2m2!1d28.2409671!2d-12.5502705!1m5!1m1!1s0x196cb4e3a782fdc7:0x540fdfe500034f23!2m2!1d28.6498144!2d-12.9906407!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Ndola, Zambia |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>
The city of [[Ndola]], the commercial and transport hub of the Copperbelt, lies approximately {{convert|105|km|0}}, by road, southeast of Mufulira. A shorter, less well-maintained road (the [[M4 Road (Zambia)|M4 road]]) exists and measures {{convert|70|km|0}}.<ref name="4R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mufulira,+Zambia/Ndola,+Zambia/@-12.9172181,28.7419357,7.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d18d26a3efb71:0x148df1d2866cfe62!2m2!1d28.2409671!2d-12.5502705!1m5!1m1!1s0x196cb4e3a782fdc7:0x540fdfe500034f23!2m2!1d28.6498144!2d-12.9906407!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Ndola, Zambia |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>


Mufulira is connected to the Mokambo Border and eventually the [[Luapula Province]] of Zambia by the [[Congo Pedicle road]]. The section from Mufulira to Mokambo is designated as the [[M5 Road (Copperbelt)|M5 road]] while the route through the [[Congo Pedicle]] to the [[Chembe]] Border is named the Congo Pedicle road.
⚫
The geographical coordinates of Mufulira are:12°32'08.0"S, 28°14'31.0"E ([[Latitude]]:-12.535556; [[Longitude]]:28.241944).<ref name="5R">{{google maps|title=Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Ndola, Zambia |access-date=22 May 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mufulira,+Zambia/Ndola,+Zambia/@-12.9172181,28.7419357,7.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d18d26a3efb71:0x148df1d2866cfe62!2m2!1d28.2409671!2d-12.5502705!1m5!1m1!1s0x196cb4e3a782fdc7:0x540fdfe500034f23!2m2!1d28.6498144!2d-12.9906407!3e0}}</ref> Mufulira sits at an average [[elevation]] of {{convert|4180|ft|0}} above [[mean sea level]].<ref name="6R">{{cite web|publisher=Weatherspark.com |date=22 May 2020 |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/95297/Average-Weather-in-Mufulira-Zambia-Year-Round |title=Elevation of Mufulira, Zambia | author=Weather Spark |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

⚫
The [[Geographic coordinate system|geographical coordinates]] of Mufulira are:12°32'08.0"S, 28°14'31.0"E ([[Latitude]]:-12.535556; [[Longitude]]:28.241944).<ref name="5R">{{google maps|title=Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Ndola, Zambia |access-date=22 May 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mufulira,+Zambia/Ndola,+Zambia/@-12.9172181,28.7419357,7.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x196d18d26a3efb71:0x148df1d2866cfe62!2m2!1d28.2409671!2d-12.5502705!1m5!1m1!1s0x196cb4e3a782fdc7:0x540fdfe500034f23!2m2!1d28.6498144!2d-12.9906407!3e0}}</ref> Mufulira sits at an average [[elevation]] of {{convert|4180|ft|0}} above [[mean sea level]].<ref name="6R">{{cite web|publisher=Weatherspark.com |date=22 May 2020 |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/95297/Average-Weather-in-Mufulira-Zambia-Year-Round |title=Elevation of Mufulira, Zambia | author=Weather Spark |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>


==Overview==
==Overview==
The town of Mufulira developed around the Mufulira Copper Mine in the 1930s. A branch of [[Zambia Railways]], carrying freight only, serves the mine. Mufulira is the western end of the [[Congo Pedicle road]] connecting the Copperbelt to the [[Luapula Province]], making that province Mufulira's commercial [[hinterland]].<ref name="1R"/>
The town of Mufulira developed around the Mufulira Copper Mine in the 1930s. A branch of [[Zambia Railways]], carrying freight only, serves the mine. Mufulira is the south-western end of the [[Congo Pedicle road]] connecting the Copperbelt Province to the [[Luapula Province]], making that province Mufulira's commercial [[hinterland]].<ref name="1R"/>


==Population==
==Population==
In 1990, the population of Mufulira was 123,936 people. In 2000, there were 122,336 people. The 2010 population census and household survey enumerated the population of the town at 151,309 inhabitants.<ref name="7R">{{cite web|title=Population of Zambian Cities and Urban Centres: Mufulira |publisher=Citypopulation.de | url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/zambia/cities/?cityid=21535 |author=Central Statistical Office Zambia and City Population | date=14 July 2019 |access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> The table below illustrates the same data in tabular format.
In 1990, the population of Mufulira was 123,936 people. In 2000, there were 122,336 people. The 2010 population [[census]] and household survey enumerated the population of the town at 151,309 inhabitants.<ref name="7R">{{cite web|title=Population of Zambian Cities and Urban Centres: Mufulira |publisher=Citypopulation.de | url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/zambia/cities/?cityid=21535 |author=Central Statistical Office Zambia and City Population | date=14 July 2019 |access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> The table below illustrates the same data in [[Table (information)|tabular]] format.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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==Economy==
==Economy==
The '''Mufulira Mine''' is now owned and operated by ''Mopani Copper Mines'', which employs 10,000 permanent workers and produced about {{convert|300000|tonne|0}} of copper bars in 2007. The Mufulira Copper Smelter was rehabilitated by SMEC South Africa. Production and employment levels went down from the 1969 peak when the Copperbelt made Zambia the world's 4th largest copper producer.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="8R">{{cite web| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217192619/http://www.mbendi.co.za/indy/ming/cppr/af/za/p0005.htm |title=Overview of Copper Mining In Zambia |publisher=Mbendi South Africa |date=17 November 2000 |author=Mbendi South Africa |access-date=22 May 2020 | format=Archived from the original on 17 February 2007 | location=Cape Town}}</ref>
The '''Mufulira Mine''' is now owned and operated by ''Mopani Copper Mines'', which employs 10,000 permanent workers and produced about {{convert|300000|tonne|0}} of copper bars in 2007. The Mufulira Copper [[Smelting|Smelter]] was rehabilitated by SMEC [[South Africa]]. Production and employment levels went down from the 1969 peak when the Copperbelt made Zambia the world's 4th largest copper producer.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="8R">{{cite web| url=http://www.mbendi.co.za/indy/ming/cppr/af/za/p0005.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217192619/http://www.mbendi.co.za/indy/ming/cppr/af/za/p0005.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 February 2007 |title=Overview of Copper Mining In Zambia |publisher=Mbendi South Africa |date=17 November 2000 |author=Mbendi South Africa |access-date=22 May 2020 | format=Archived from the original on 17 February 2007 | location=Cape Town}}</ref>


==Sports==
==Sports==
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==Notable people==
==Notable people==
*[[Abe Bekker]], boxer, lived here
Mufulira as been and is home to many notable Zambians, including the following: (a) [[Levy Mwanawasa|Levy Patrick Mwanawasa]] (3 September 1948–August 2008), who served as President of Zambia from 2001 until 2008, was born in Mufulira.<ref name="1R"/> (b) [[Robert Lange|Robert John "Mutt" Lange]] lived here. (c) [[Abe Bekker]], boxer, also lived here (d) [[Samuel "Zoom" Ndhlovu]], soccer player and Zambia Soccer Team coach (e) [[Robert Earnshaw]], soccer player (f) [[Christopher Katongo]], soccer player (g) [[Felix Katongo]], soccer player (h) [[Dafydd James]], international [[Rugby Union|rugby]] player (i) [[Robert Lange|Robert John "Mutt" Lange]], songwriter and record producer and (j) [[Kalusha Bwalya]], national soccer player and [[African Footballer of the Year]] winner, in 1988, was born here.<ref name="1R"/>
*[[Kalusha Bwalya]], national soccer player and [[African Footballer of the Year]] winner, in 1988, was born here.<ref name="1R"/>

⚫
*[[Frederick Chiluba|Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba]] (1943–2011), who served as the second president of Zambia, from 1991 until 2001, lived in Mufulira in the 1960s.<ref name="11R">{{cite web|url=https://eliasmunshya.org/2013/02/17/a-short-man-who-walked-tall-life-and-times-of-frederick-jacob-titus-chiluba-1943-2011/ |title=A Sort Man Who Walked Tall: The Life And Times of Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (1943—2011) |
==Former residents==
⚫
[[Kenneth Kaunda]] (born 1924), the founder President of Zambia, in office from 1964 until 1991. In 1948, he served as a teacher and boarding master at Mufulira Upper School.<ref name="10R">{{cite web|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/kenneth-david-kaunda |title=Kenneth David Kaunda Facts |access-date=22 May 2020 |publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography |date=2010 | author=The Gale Group, Inc |location=Burlingame, California, United States}}</ref>

⚫
[[Frederick Chiluba|Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba]] (30 April 1943–18 June 2011), who served as the second president of Zambia, from 1991 until 2001, lived in Mufulira in the 1960s.<ref name="11R">{{cite web|url=https://eliasmunshya.org/2013/02/17/a-short-man-who-walked-tall-life-and-times-of-frederick-jacob-titus-chiluba-1943-2011/ |title=A Sort Man Who Walked Tall: The Life And Times of Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (1943—2011) |
publisher=Elias Munshya Organization |date=17 February 2013 |
publisher=Elias Munshya Organization |date=17 February 2013 |
author=Elias Munshya |access-date=22 May 2020 | location=Lusaka}}</ref>
author=Elias Munshya |access-date=22 May 2020 | location=Lusaka}}</ref>
*[[Robert Earnshaw]], soccer player

*[[Mike Harris (racing driver)|Mike Harris]], racing driver who competed in the [[1962 South African Grand Prix]].
⚫
[[Simon Kapwepwe|Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe]] (12 April 1922 – 26 January 1980), who served as Vice President of Zambia from 1967 until 1970. He served as member of parliament for Mufulira West Constituency from December 1971 until February 1972, under the [[United Progressive Party (Zambia)|UPP]] political party, the only UPP MP elected.<ref name="12R">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.co.ug/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA297&lpg=RA2-PA297&dq=Simon+Kapwepwe+Mufulira&source=bl&ots=1Aei0rxuTo&sig=ACfU3U09SeeLiyqeWZu9B8p_YQnB8ftp4g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQkfXvo8jpAhWl3OAKHXnxCSYQ6AEwDHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=Simon%20Kapwepwe%20Mufulira&f=false |title=Dictionary of African Biography: Kapwepwe Simon Mwansa (1922-1980) |author=Andy DeRoche | editor=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong and Henry Louis Gates Jr |volume=1 |date=2012 | publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York City | access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>
*[[Dafydd James]], international [[Rugby Union|rugby]] player
⚫
*[[Simon Kapwepwe|Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe]] (1922–1980), who served as Vice President of Zambia from 1967 until 1970. He served as member of parliament for Mufulira West Constituency from December 1971 until February 1972, under the [[United Progressive Party (Zambia)|UPP]] political party, the only UPP MP elected.<ref name="12R">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&q=Simon+Kapwepwe+Mufulira&pg=RA2-PA297 |title=Dictionary of African Biography: Kapwepwe Simon Mwansa (1922-1980) |author=Andy DeRoche | editor=Emmanuel K. Akyeampong and Henry Louis Gates Jr |volume=1 |date=2012 | publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York City |isbn=9780195382075 | access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>
*[[Christopher Katongo]], soccer player and African Footballer of the year 2012
*[[Felix Katongo]], soccer player
⚫
*[[Kenneth Kaunda]] (born 1924), the founder President of Zambia, in office from 1964 until 1991. In 1948, he served as a teacher and boarding master at Mufulira Upper School.<ref name="10R">{{cite web|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/kenneth-david-kaunda |title=Kenneth David Kaunda Facts |access-date=22 May 2020 |publisher=Encyclopedia of World Biography |date=2010 | author=The Gale Group, Inc |location=Burlingame, California, United States}}</ref>
*[[Robert Lange|Robert John "Mutt" Lange]], songwriter and record producer
*[[Levy Mwanawasa|Levy Patrick Mwanawasa]] (1948–2008), who served as President of Zambia from 2001 until 2008, was born in Mufulira.<ref name="1R"/>
*[[Samuel "Zoom" Ndhlovu]], soccer player and Zambia Soccer Team coach
*[[Stevie Vann]], singer
*[[Kåre Becker]], professional footballer


==See also==
==See also==
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*https://www.zambia-info.org/country/town/1340/mufulira
*https://www.zambia-info.org/country/town/1340/mufulira
*https://www.mindat.org/loc-4345.html
*https://www.mindat.org/loc-4345.html
*https://www.airbnb.com/mufulira-zambia/stays


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Mufulira District]]
[[Category:Mufulira District]]
[[Category:Populated places in Zambia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Populated places in Copperbelt Province]]
[[Category:Populated places in Copperbelt Province]]

Latest revision as of 03:33, 19 May 2024

Mufulira
Official seal of Mufulira
Seal
Mufulira is located in Zambia
Mufulira
Mufulira
Location in Zambia
Coordinates: 12°32′08″S 28°14′31″E / 12.53556°S 28.24194°E / -12.53556; 28.24194
CountryZambia
ProvinceCopperbelt
DistrictMufulira District
Elevation
4,180 ft (1,270 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
151,309
Time zoneUTC+2 (CAT)
ClimateCwa

Mufulira is a town in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Mufulira means "Place of Abundance and Peace". The town developed around the Mufulira Copper Mine in the 1930s. The town also serves as the administrative capital of Mufulira District.[1]

Geography

[edit]

Location

[edit]

Mufulira is located approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of the town of Mokambo, at the international border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2] A tarmac highway to the south-west (the M4 road) connects Mufulira to Kitwe, 43 kilometres (27 mi) away.[3]

The city of Ndola, the commercial and transport hub of the Copperbelt, lies approximately 105 kilometres (65 mi), by road, southeast of Mufulira. A shorter, less well-maintained road (the M4 road) exists and measures 70 kilometres (43 mi).[4]

Mufulira is connected to the Mokambo Border and eventually the Luapula Province of Zambia by the Congo Pedicle road. The section from Mufulira to Mokambo is designated as the M5 road while the route through the Congo Pedicle to the Chembe Border is named the Congo Pedicle road.

The geographical coordinates of Mufulira are:12°32'08.0"S, 28°14'31.0"E (Latitude:-12.535556; Longitude:28.241944).[5] Mufulira sits at an average elevation of 4,180 feet (1,274 m) above mean sea level.[6]

Overview

[edit]

The town of Mufulira developed around the Mufulira Copper Mine in the 1930s. A branch of Zambia Railways, carrying freight only, serves the mine. Mufulira is the south-western end of the Congo Pedicle road connecting the Copperbelt Province to the Luapula Province, making that province Mufulira's commercial hinterland.[1]

Population

[edit]

In 1990, the population of Mufulira was 123,936 people. In 2000, there were 122,336 people. The 2010 population census and household survey enumerated the population of the town at 151,309 inhabitants.[7] The table below illustrates the same data in tabular format.

Year Population
1990 123,936[7]
2000 122,336[7]
2010 151,309[7]

Economy

[edit]

The Mufulira Mine is now owned and operated by Mopani Copper Mines, which employs 10,000 permanent workers and produced about 300,000 tonnes (330,693 tons) of copper bars in 2007. The Mufulira Copper Smelter was rehabilitated by SMEC South Africa. Production and employment levels went down from the 1969 peak when the Copperbelt made Zambia the world's 4th largest copper producer.[1][8]

Sports

[edit]

In Zambia, Mufulira is well known for being the home of the successful Mufulira Wanderers F.C., a professional soccer club.[1][9]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Zambia-Info (2019). "Mufulira Travel Information". Lusaka: Zambia-info.org. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Mokambo, Democratic Republic of the Congo" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  3. ^ "Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Kitwe, Zambia" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Ndola, Zambia" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  5. ^ "Road Distance Between Mufulira, Zambia And Ndola, Zambia" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  6. ^ Weather Spark (22 May 2020). "Elevation of Mufulira, Zambia". Weatherspark.com. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d Central Statistical Office Zambia and City Population (14 July 2019). "Population of Zambian Cities and Urban Centres: Mufulira". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  8. ^ Mbendi South Africa (17 November 2000). "Overview of Copper Mining In Zambia". Cape Town: Mbendi South Africa. Archived from the original (Archived from the original on 17 February 2007) on 17 February 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  9. ^ David Isabirye (3 April 2020). "Goalkeeper Bwete quits Mufulira Wanderers over Coronavirus concerns". Kampala: Kawowo.com. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  10. ^ Elias Munshya (17 February 2013). "A Sort Man Who Walked Tall: The Life And Times of Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (1943—2011)". Lusaka: Elias Munshya Organization. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  11. ^ Andy DeRoche (2012). Emmanuel K. Akyeampong and Henry Louis Gates Jr (ed.). Dictionary of African Biography: Kapwepwe Simon Mwansa (1922-1980). Vol. 1. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195382075. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  12. ^ The Gale Group, Inc (2010). "Kenneth David Kaunda Facts". Burlingame, California, United States: Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
[edit]
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