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Coordinates: 13°03′32″N 100°06′17″E / 13.05889°N 100.10472°E / 13.05889; 100.10472
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{{Short description|Coastal area in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand}}
[[File:Thailandsand Laem Pak Bia.jpg|thumb|The sand spit at Laem Phak Bia]]
[[File:Thailandsand Laem Pak Bia.jpg|thumb|The sand spit at Laem Phak Bia]]


'''Laem Phak Bia''' ({{lang-th|แหลมผักเบี้ย}}, {{IPA-th|lɛ̌ːm pʰàk bîa̯|pron}}; {{lit|[[Portulaca oleracea|purslane]] point}} formerly: Chulai Point) is a coastal area in [[Ban Laem District]], [[Phetchaburi Province]], Thailand. The shore is a large, open area of mudflats and [[Salt evaporation pond|salt pans]], with some mangrove areas and scrub, tipped by a sand spit. The area is not a national park, the land being privately owned, but it is a favoured location for bird-watchers where they can see a wide variety of shorebirds.<ref name=ThaiBirding /> The area is administered as Laem Phak Bia Subdistrict, and is home to a village of the same name.
'''Laem Phak Bia''' ({{langx|th|แหลมผักเบี้ย}}, {{IPA|th|lɛ̌ːm pʰàk bîa̯|pron}}; {{lit|[[Portulaca oleracea|purslane]] point}}, formerly: Chulai Point) is a coastal area in [[Ban Laem District]], [[Phetchaburi Province]], Thailand. The shore is a large, open area of mudflats and [[Salt evaporation pond|salt pans]], with some mangrove areas and scrub, tipped by a sand spit. The area is not a national park, the land being privately owned, but it is a favoured location for bird-watchers where they can see a wide variety of shorebirds.<ref name=ThaiBirding /> The area is administered as Laem Phak Bia Subdistrict, and is home to a village of the same name.


==Geography==
==Geography==
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}}
}}


Laem Phak Bia is located on the western shore of the northern end of the [[Gulf of Thailand]] in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. A road runs parallel with the coast and provides access to the shore via various tracks. Near the village of Pak Thale in the north of the area lies the Pak Thale Shorebird Conservation Area and areas of salt evaporation ponds. South of this is the Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development Project (known as the king's project), mudflats, patches of scrub and of mangroves, and a sand spit jutting out into the bay. Further south lies the village of Laem Phak Bia, and beyond that the beach resort of Hat Chao Samran which has accommodation and facilities for visitors.<ref name=NTB>{{cite web |url=http://www.norththailandbirding.com/pages/localities/laem_phak_bia.html |title=Laem Phak Bia and Pak Thale, Phetchaburi Province |publisher=North Thailand Birding |accessdate=30 December 2019}}</ref>
Laem Phak Bia is located on the western shore of the northern end of the [[Gulf of Thailand]] in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. A road runs parallel with the coast and provides access to the shore via various tracks. Near the village of Pak Thale in the north of the area lies the Pak Thale Shorebird Conservation Area and areas of salt evaporation ponds. South of this is the Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development Project (known as the king's project), mudflats, patches of scrub and of mangroves, and a sand spit jutting out into the bay. Further south lies the village of Laem Phak Bia, and beyond that the beach resort of Hat Chao Samran which has accommodation and facilities for visitors.<ref name=NTB>{{cite web |url=http://www.norththailandbirding.com/pages/localities/laem_phak_bia.html |title=Laem Phak Bia and Pak Thale, Phetchaburi Province |publisher=North Thailand Birding |access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>


==Fauna==
==Fauna==
[[File:Charadrius alexandrinus - Laem Pak Bia.jpg|thumb|left|White-faced plover (''Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus'') at Laem Phak Bia]]
[[File:Charadrius alexandrinus - Laem Pak Bia.jpg|thumb|left|White-faced plover (''Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus'') at Laem Phak Bia]]
This area is famed for its bird-watching opportunities. Important species include the critically-endangered [[spoon-billed sandpiper]],<ref name=ThaiBirding/> the endangered [[Nordmann's greenshank]] and [[black-faced spoonbill]], and the [[white-faced plover]].{{refn|Include:<ref name=NTB/> Endangered:spoon-billed sandpiper<ref name=NTB/>, Nordmann's greenshank<ref name="birdlife_gs">{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | author-link = BirdLife International | title = ''Platalea minor'' | volume= 2015 | page = e.T22697568A84646222 | year = 2015 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015.RLTS.T22697568A84646222.en }}</ref> and black-faced spoonbill<ref name="birdlife_bfsb">{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22693225/0 |title=''Tringa guttifer'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2012 |access-date=26 November 2013|ref=harv}}</ref> }} On the saltpans nearby, the spoon-billed sandpiper is reliably present from November to March, inclusive,<ref name=ThaiBirding/> and the [[painted stork]], the [[red-necked phalarope]] and the [[pied avocet]] can also often be seen. The sand spit is a wintering area for such gulls as the [[Pallas's gull]], the [[Heuglin's gull]] and the [[Vega gull]], and the [[Malaysian plover]] the [[Chinese egret]] are often present.<ref name=NTB/> Passerines that can be seen in the mangroves, swamps and enclosures at the research centre include the [[golden-bellied gerygone]], the [[dusky warbler]], the [[racket-tailed treepie]], various [[Acrocephalus (bird)|reed warblers]], the [[common snipe]], the [[pin-tailed snipe]], the [[ruddy-breasted crake]] and the [[slaty-breasted rail]].<ref name=ThaiBirding>{{cite web |last1=Upton |first1=Nick |url=https://www.thaibirding.com/locations/central/lpb.htm |title=Bird Watching at Laem Pak Bia & Pak Thale |date=18 March 2019 |publisher=Thai Birding |accessdate=30 December 2019}}</ref>
This area is famed for its bird-watching opportunities. Important species include the critically endangered [[spoon-billed sandpiper]],<ref name=ThaiBirding/> the endangered [[Nordmann's greenshank]] and [[black-faced spoonbill]], and the [[white-faced plover]].{{refn|Include:<ref name=NTB/> Endangered:spoon-billed sandpiper,<ref name=NTB/> Nordmann's greenshank<ref name="birdlife_gs">{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | author-link = BirdLife International | title = ''Platalea minor'' | volume= 2015 | page = e.T22697568A84646222 | year = 2015 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015.RLTS.T22697568A84646222.en }}</ref> and black-faced spoonbill<ref name="birdlife_bfsb">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Tringa guttifer'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22693225A93391729 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693225A93391729.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref> }} On the saltpans nearby, the spoon-billed sandpiper is reliably present from November to March, inclusive,<ref name=ThaiBirding/> and the [[painted stork]], the [[red-necked phalarope]] and the [[pied avocet]] can also often be seen. The sand spit is a wintering area for such gulls as the [[Pallas's gull]], the [[Heuglin's gull]] and the [[Vega gull]], and the [[Malaysian plover]] the [[Chinese egret]] are often present.<ref name=NTB/> Passerines that can be seen in the mangroves, swamps and enclosures at the research centre include the [[golden-bellied gerygone]], the [[dusky warbler]], the [[racket-tailed treepie]], various [[Acrocephalus (bird)|reed warblers]], the [[common snipe]], the [[pin-tailed snipe]], the [[ruddy-breasted crake]] and the [[slaty-breasted rail]].<ref name=ThaiBirding>{{cite web |last1=Upton |first1=Nick |url=https://www.thaibirding.com/locations/central/lpb.htm |title=Bird Watching at Laem Pak Bia & Pak Thale |date=18 March 2019 |publisher=Thai Birding |access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>


==Environment==
==Environment==
<mapframe text="Laem Phak Bia" width=200 height=260 zoom=12 latitude=13.068889 longitude=100.074722 />
<mapframe text="Laem Phak Bia" width=200 height=260 zoom=12 latitude=13.068889 longitude=100.074722 />
This area receives effluent discharged by the Phetchaburi municipal wastewater treatment plant. The king's project has researched the heavy metal accumulations and how they can best be mitigated. The [[Typha angustifolia|narrowleaf catstail]] (''Typha angustifolia'') has been found to accumulate large quantities of lead and remove the contamination from the soil.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Panich-Pat, T.; Pokethitiyook, P.; Kruatrachue, M.; Upatham, E.S.; Srinives, P.; Lanza, G.R. |year=2004 |title=Removal of Lead from Contaminated Soils by ''Typha angustifolia'' |journal=Water, Air, and Soil Pollution |volume=155 |issue=1–4 |pages= 159–171 |doi=10.1023/B:WATE.0000026523.96599.6b }}</ref> Another project had examined the effectiveness of mangroves at removing dissolved nutrients. The dominant tree is the [[Avicennia marina|white mangrove]] (''Avicennia marina'') but only remnants of the once extensive mangrove forest remain. The mangroves have been found to be able to reduce phosphate, ammonia, and nitrate by 88%, 74% and 64% respectively and increase dissolved oxygen by 32%, increasing the efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant to acceptable levels.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jitthaisong1, Orathai; Dhanmanonda, Pricha; Chunkao, Kasem; Teejuntuk, Sakhan |year=2012 |title=Water Quality from Mangrove Forest: The King’s Royally Initiated Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development Project, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand |journal=Modern Applied Science |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages= |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sakhan_Teejuntuk/publication/267380449_Water_Quality_from_Mangrove_Forest_The_King's_Royally_Initiated_Laem_Phak_Bia_Environmental_Research_and_Development_Project_Phetchaburi_Province_Thailand/links/55398d8b0cf2239f4e7da05c/Water-Quality-from-Mangrove-Forest-The-Kings-Royally-Initiated-Laem-Phak-Bia-Environmental-Research-and-Development-Project-Phetchaburi-Province-Thailand.pdf }}</ref>
This area receives effluent discharged by the Phetchaburi municipal wastewater treatment plant. The king's project has researched the heavy metal accumulations and how they can best be mitigated. The [[Typha angustifolia|narrowleaf catstail]] (''Typha angustifolia'') has been found to accumulate large quantities of lead and remove the contamination from the soil.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Panich-Pat, T. |author2=Pokethitiyook, P. |author3=Kruatrachue, M. |author4=Upatham, E.S. |author5=Srinives, P. |author6=Lanza, G.R. |year=2004 |title=Removal of Lead from Contaminated Soils by ''Typha angustifolia'' |journal=Water, Air, and Soil Pollution |volume=155 |issue=1–4 |pages= 159–171 |doi=10.1023/B:WATE.0000026523.96599.6b |s2cid=96023513 }}</ref>


A 2004 proposal to build the {{convert|50|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Laem Phak Bia bridge over the [[Bay of Bangkok]], the northern tip of the [[Gulf of Thailand]], were shelved in 2005 on environmental grounds after concern from [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|King Bhumibol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thaibirding.com/news/lpbbridge.htm |title=Laem Pak Bia road bridge cancelled |date=8 August 2005 |publisher=Thai Birding |accessdate=30 December 2019}}</ref>
A 2004 proposal to build the {{convert|50|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Laem Phak Bia bridge over the [[Bay of Bangkok]], the northern tip of the [[Gulf of Thailand]], were shelved in 2005 on environmental grounds after concern from [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|King Bhumibol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thaibirding.com/news/lpbbridge.htm |title=Laem Pak Bia road bridge cancelled |date=8 August 2005 |publisher=Thai Birding |access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
⚫
{{Commons category|Laem Phak Bia}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
⚫
{{Commons category|Laem Phak Bia}}
*{{cite web |title=Bird Watching at Laem Pak Bia and Pak Thale |url=https://thaibirding.com/locations/central/lpb.htm |website=thaibirding.com}}
*{{cite web |title=Bird Watching at Laem Pak Bia and Pak Thale |url=https://thaibirding.com/locations/central/lpb.htm |website=thaibirding.com}}
*{{cite web |title=Laem Phak Bia and Pak Thale |url=http://www.norththailandbirding.com/pages/localities/laem_phak_bia.html |website=www.norththailandbirding.com |publisher=North Thailand Birding}}
*{{cite web |title=Laem Phak Bia and Pak Thale |url=http://www.norththailandbirding.com/pages/localities/laem_phak_bia.html |website=www.norththailandbirding.com |publisher=North Thailand Birding}}


{{coord|13|03|32|N|100|06|17|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
{{coord|13|03|32|N|100|06|17|E|type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Tambon of Phetchaburi Province]]
[[Category:Conservation in Thailand]]
[[Category:Tambon of Phetchaburi province]]
[[Category:Nature conservation in Thailand]]
[[Category:Bay of Bangkok]]
[[Category:Bay of Bangkok]]

Latest revision as of 14:53, 24 October 2024

The sand spit at Laem Phak Bia

Laem Phak Bia (Thai: แหลมผักเบี้ย, pronounced [lɛ̌ːm pʰàk bîa̯]; lit. 'purslane point', formerly: Chulai Point) is a coastal area in Ban Laem District, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. The shore is a large, open area of mudflats and salt pans, with some mangrove areas and scrub, tipped by a sand spit. The area is not a national park, the land being privately owned, but it is a favoured location for bird-watchers where they can see a wide variety of shorebirds.[1] The area is administered as Laem Phak Bia Subdistrict, and is home to a village of the same name.

Geography

[edit]
Map
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Laem Phak Bia
Laem Phak Bia

Laem Phak Bia is located on the western shore of the northern end of the Gulf of Thailand in Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. A road runs parallel with the coast and provides access to the shore via various tracks. Near the village of Pak Thale in the north of the area lies the Pak Thale Shorebird Conservation Area and areas of salt evaporation ponds. South of this is the Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development Project (known as the king's project), mudflats, patches of scrub and of mangroves, and a sand spit jutting out into the bay. Further south lies the village of Laem Phak Bia, and beyond that the beach resort of Hat Chao Samran which has accommodation and facilities for visitors.[2]

Fauna

[edit]
White-faced plover (Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus) at Laem Phak Bia

This area is famed for its bird-watching opportunities. Important species include the critically endangered spoon-billed sandpiper,[1] the endangered Nordmann's greenshank and black-faced spoonbill, and the white-faced plover.[5] On the saltpans nearby, the spoon-billed sandpiper is reliably present from November to March, inclusive,[1] and the painted stork, the red-necked phalarope and the pied avocet can also often be seen. The sand spit is a wintering area for such gulls as the Pallas's gull, the Heuglin's gull and the Vega gull, and the Malaysian plover the Chinese egret are often present.[2] Passerines that can be seen in the mangroves, swamps and enclosures at the research centre include the golden-bellied gerygone, the dusky warbler, the racket-tailed treepie, various reed warblers, the common snipe, the pin-tailed snipe, the ruddy-breasted crake and the slaty-breasted rail.[1]

Environment

[edit]
Map
Laem Phak Bia

This area receives effluent discharged by the Phetchaburi municipal wastewater treatment plant. The king's project has researched the heavy metal accumulations and how they can best be mitigated. The narrowleaf catstail (Typha angustifolia) has been found to accumulate large quantities of lead and remove the contamination from the soil.[6]

A 2004 proposal to build the 50 km (31 mi) Laem Phak Bia bridge over the Bay of Bangkok, the northern tip of the Gulf of Thailand, were shelved in 2005 on environmental grounds after concern from King Bhumibol.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Upton, Nick (18 March 2019). "Bird Watching at Laem Pak Bia & Pak Thale". Thai Birding. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d "Laem Phak Bia and Pak Thale, Phetchaburi Province". North Thailand Birding. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  3. ^ BirdLife International (2015). "Platalea minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T22697568A84646222. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015.RLTS.T22697568A84646222.en.
  4. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tringa guttifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22693225A93391729. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693225A93391729.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  5. ^ Include:[2] Endangered:spoon-billed sandpiper,[2] Nordmann's greenshank[3] and black-faced spoonbill[4]
  6. ^ Panich-Pat, T.; Pokethitiyook, P.; Kruatrachue, M.; Upatham, E.S.; Srinives, P.; Lanza, G.R. (2004). "Removal of Lead from Contaminated Soils by Typha angustifolia". Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 155 (1–4): 159–171. doi:10.1023/B:WATE.0000026523.96599.6b. S2CID 96023513.
  7. ^ "Laem Pak Bia road bridge cancelled". Thai Birding. 8 August 2005. Retrieved 30 December 2019.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laem Phak Bia.

13°03′32″N 100°06′17″E / 13.05889°N 100.10472°E / 13.05889; 100.10472

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