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Coordinates: 31°57′41″N 35°24′32″E / 31.961393°N 35.408925°E / 31.961393; 35.408925
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox ancient site
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Khirbet el-Mastarah
|name = Khirbet el-Mastarah
| native_name =
|native_name=
| native_name_lang =
|native_name_lang=
| image =
|image = Khirbet el-Mastarah.jpg
| image_size =
|image_size=
| alt =
|alt=
| caption =
|caption = The Iron I site of Khirbet el-Mastarah
| map =
|map=
| map_type = West Bank relief
|map_type = West Bank relief
| map_alt =
|map_alt=
| map_size = 200
|map_size = 200
| altitude_m = 7 - -3
|altitude_m = 7 - -3
| altitude_ref =
|altitude_ref=
| relief = 1
|relief = 1
| coordinates = {{coord|31.961393|N|35.408925|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|31.961393|N|35.408925|E|display=inline,title}}
| gbgridref =
|gbgridref=
| map_dot_label =
|map_dot_label=
| location =
|location=
| region = [[West Bank]]
|region = [[West Bank]]
| type = Complex oval compound
|type = Complex oval compound
| part_of =
|part_of=
| length = 70-100m
|length = 70-100m
| width =
|width=
| area = 2.5 acres
|area = 2.5 acres
⚫
|diameter=
⚫
| volume =
⚫
|circumference=
⚫
| diameter =
⚫
|height=
⚫
| circumference =
⚫
|builder=
⚫
| height =
|material=
⚫
| builder =
| material =
|built = Iron Age I
|abandoned=
| built = Iron Age I
| abandoned =
|epochs = [[Iron Age]] I and II
⚫
|cultures = Israelite<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2018_46">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2018, p. 46.</ref>
| epochs = [[Iron Age]] I and II
⚫
|dependency_of=
⚫
| cultures = Israelite<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2018_46">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2018, p. 46.</ref>
⚫
|occupants=
⚫
| dependency_of =
|event=
⚫
| occupants =
| event =
|discovered = April 2004
| discovered = April 2004
|excavations = 5-29 June 2017
⚫
|archaeologists = [[Adam Zertal]], David Ben-Shlomo, Ralph K. Hawkins
| excavations = 5th-29th June 2017
⚫
|condition = Ruins
⚫
| archaeologists = [[Adam Zertal]], David Ben-Shlomo, Ralph K. Hawkins
⚫
|ownership=
| condition = Ruins
⚫
|management=
⚫
| ownership =
⚫
|public_access=
⚫
| management =
⚫
|other_designation=
⚫
| public_access =
⚫
|website = https://www.jvep.org/khirbetel-mastarah
⚫
| other_designation =
|notes=
⚫
| website = https://www.jvep.org/khirbetel-mastarah
| architectural_styles =
| architectural_details =
| notes =
}}
}}


'''Khirbet el-Mastarah''' is an archeological site that includes the largest of the complex oval compound type habitation sites located in the middle [[Jordan Valley]] in the [[West Bank]].<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2018_54">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2018, p. 54.</ref>
'''Khirbet el-Mastarah''' is an [[archaeological site]] that includes the largest of the complex oval compound type habitation sites located in the middle [[Jordan Valley]] in the [[West Bank]].<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2017_54">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 54.</ref>


== Location ==
==Location==
⚫
Khirbet el-Masratah is located {{cvt|8|km}} north of [[Jericho]] and {{cvt|2|km}} west of Ain Aujah in [[Wadi Auja]] on a small hill hidden by three larger hills. These surrounding hills cause the {{convert|1.0|ha|adj=on}} site to be hidden from view.<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2017_51_52">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 51-52.</ref>


⚫
==Excavation history==
⚫
Khirbet el-Masratah is located 8km north of [[Jericho]] and 2km west of Ain Aujah in [[Wadi Auja]] on a small hill hidden by 3 larger hills. These surrounding hills cause the 2.5 acre site to be hidden from view.<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2018_51_52">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2018, p. 51-52.</ref>
[[File:Oval compound at Khirbet el-Mastarah.jpg|thumb|Oval compound at Khirbet el-Mastarah]]


⚫
The site was discovered and [[Survey (archaeology)|surveyed]] in April 2004 by [[Adam Zertal]] during the course of the [[Manasseh Hill Country Survey]].<ref>Zertal 2012, pp. 323–326.</ref>
⚫
== Excavation History ==


⚫
An [[Archaeological excavation|excavation]] directed by David Ben-Shlomo and Ralph K. Hawkins took place in June 2017.<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2017_49">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 49.</ref> During the course of the excavation a number of large and small rounded and oval enclosures of single-course [[limestone]] rubble walls were discovered, all of them almost entirely empty of finds.<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2017_55">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 55.</ref>
⚫
The site was discovered and surveyed in April 2004 by [[Adam Zertal]] during the course of the [[Manasseh Hill Country Survey]].<ref>Zertal 2012, pp. 323–326.</ref>


==Significance==
⚫
An [[Archaeological excavation|excavation]] directed by David Ben-Shlomo and Ralph K. Hawkins took place in June 2017.<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2017">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 49.</ref> During the course of the excavation a number of large and small rounded and oval enclosures of single-course limestone rubble walls were discovered.<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2018_55">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2018, p. 55.</ref>
The site's hidden location most probably indicates the presence of a new population migrating to the central hill country from the east during Iron I, avoiding contact with the native population.<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2017_54" /> On this basis the excavation directors believe the site is possibly an early [[Israelites|Israelite]] site, constructed during the early stages of the [[Israelite highland settlement|Israelite Settlement]].<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2018_46">Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2018, p. 46.</ref>


== Significance ==
==References==

The site's hidden location most probably indicates a new population migrating to the central hill country from the east during Iron I, avoiding contact with the native population.<ref name="benShlomoHawkins2018_54" />

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== References ==
==Bibliography==

*{{cite journal |last1=Ben-Shlomo |first1= David |last2= Hawkins |first2=Ralph K. |date=2017 |title=Excavations at Khirbet el Mastarah, the Jordan Valley, 2017 |url=https://www.ariel.ac.il/wp/judea-and-samaria-research-studies/2019/06/05/excavations-at-khirbet-el-mastarah-the-jordan-valley-2017/ |journal=Judea and Samaria Studies |volume=26 |issue=2 |publisher=Ariel University Publishing |access-date=24 May 2020 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Ben-Shlomo |first1= David |last2= Hawkins |first2=Ralph K. |date=2017 |title=Excavations at Khirbet el Mastarah, the Jordan Valley, 2017 |url=https://www.ariel.ac.il/wp/judea-and-samaria-research-studies/2019/06/05/excavations-at-khirbet-el-mastarah-the-jordan-valley-2017/ |journal=Judea and Samaria Studies |volume=26 |issue=2 |publisher=Ariel University Publishing |access-date=24 May 2020 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Ben-Shlomo |first1= David |last2= Hawkins |date=July-August 2018 |title=Khirbet el-Mastarah: An Early Israelite Settlement? |url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/magazine/khirbet-el-mastarah-an-early-israelite-settlement/ |journal=[[Biblical Archaeology Review]] |volume=9 |issue=5 |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Ben-Shlomo |first1= David |last2= Hawkins |date=July–August 2018 |title=Khirbet el-Mastarah: An Early Israelite Settlement? |url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/magazine/khirbet-el-mastarah-an-early-israelite-settlement/ |journal=[[Biblical Archaeology Review]] |volume=9 |issue=5 |url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite book |last=Zertal |first=Adam |date=2012 |title=The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, Vol. V: The Middle Jordan Valley (from Wadi Fasael to Wadi ’Aujah)|publisher=University of Haifa |language=he |author-link=Adam Zertal}}
*{{cite book |last=Zertal |first=Adam |date=2012 |title=The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, Vol. V: The Middle Jordan Valley (from Wadi Fasael to Wadi 'Aujah)|publisher=University of Haifa |language=he |author-link=Adam Zertal}}

⚫
== External Links ==


⚫
==External links==
* [https://www.jvep.org/khirbetel-mastarah Jordan Valley Excavation Project - Khirbet el-Mastarah]
* [https://www.jvep.org/khirbetel-mastarah Jordan Valley Excavation Project - Khirbet el-Mastarah]
* [https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/dig/khirbet-el-mastarah Biblical Archaeology Society - Khirbet el-Mastarah Dig information]
* [https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/dig/khirbet-el-mastarah Biblical Archaeology Society - Khirbet el-Mastarah Dig information]
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in the West Bank]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in the West Bank]]
[[Category:2004 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:2004 archaeological discoveries]]

{{Palestine-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:41, 28 March 2023

Khirbet el-Mastarah
The Iron I site of Khirbet el-Mastarah
Khirbet el-Mastarah is located in West Bank
Khirbet el-Mastarah
Shown within West Bank
RegionWest Bank
Coordinates31°57′41″N 35°24′32″E / 31.961393°N 35.408925°E / 31.961393; 35.408925
Altitude7 – −3 m (23 – −10 ft)
TypeComplex oval compound
Length70-100m
Area2.5 acres
History
FoundedIron Age I
PeriodsIron Age I and II
CulturesIsraelite[1]
Site notes
DiscoveredApril 2004
Excavation dates5-29 June 2017
ArchaeologistsAdam Zertal, David Ben-Shlomo, Ralph K. Hawkins
ConditionRuins
Websitehttps://www.jvep.org/khirbetel-mastarah

Khirbet el-Mastarah is an archaeological site that includes the largest of the complex oval compound type habitation sites located in the middle Jordan Valley in the West Bank.[2]

Location

[edit]

Khirbet el-Masratah is located 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Jericho and 2 km (1.2 mi) west of Ain Aujah in Wadi Auja on a small hill hidden by three larger hills. These surrounding hills cause the 1.0-hectare (2.5-acre) site to be hidden from view.[3]

Excavation history

[edit]
Oval compound at Khirbet el-Mastarah

The site was discovered and surveyed in April 2004 by Adam Zertal during the course of the Manasseh Hill Country Survey.[4]

An excavation directed by David Ben-Shlomo and Ralph K. Hawkins took place in June 2017.[5] During the course of the excavation a number of large and small rounded and oval enclosures of single-course limestone rubble walls were discovered, all of them almost entirely empty of finds.[6]

Significance

[edit]

The site's hidden location most probably indicates the presence of a new population migrating to the central hill country from the east during Iron I, avoiding contact with the native population.[2] On this basis the excavation directors believe the site is possibly an early Israelite site, constructed during the early stages of the Israelite Settlement.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2018, p. 46.
  2. ^ a b Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 54.
  3. ^ Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 51-52.
  4. ^ Zertal 2012, pp. 323–326.
  5. ^ Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 49.
  6. ^ Ben-Shlomo & Hawkins 2017, p. 55.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Ben-Shlomo, David; Hawkins, Ralph K. (2017). "Excavations at Khirbet el Mastarah, the Jordan Valley, 2017". Judea and Samaria Studies. 26 (2). Ariel University Publishing. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  • Ben-Shlomo, David; Hawkins (July–August 2018). "Khirbet el-Mastarah: An Early Israelite Settlement?". Biblical Archaeology Review. 9 (5).
  • Zertal, Adam (2012). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, Vol. V: The Middle Jordan Valley (from Wadi Fasael to Wadi 'Aujah) (in Hebrew). University of Haifa.
[edit]
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