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{{Short description|Electronic record for athletes}}{{Redirect|Biological passport|text=Not to be confused with [[Biometric passport]].}}{{Doping in sport sidebar |expanded=Terminology}}
{{distinguish|biometric passport}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Doping in sport sidebar |expanded=Terminology}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}


An '''athlete biological passport''' is an individual electronic record for professional athletes, in which profiles of [[biological markers]] of doping and results of [[doping test]]s are collated over a period of time. Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athlete's established levels outside permissible limits, rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.doping.chuv.ch/en/lad_home/lad-prestations-laboratoire/lad-prestations-laboratoire-passeport.htm| title=Information on the athlete biological passport| author=[[Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses]]| access-date=4 February 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912082241/http://www.doping.chuv.ch/en/lad_home/lad-prestations-laboratoire/lad-prestations-laboratoire-passeport.htm| archive-date=12 September 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref>
An '''athlete biological passport''' is an individual electronic record for professional athletes, in which profiles of [[biological markers]] of doping and results of [[doping test]]s are collated over a period of time. Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athlete's established levels outside permissible limits, rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.doping.chuv.ch/en/lad_home/lad-prestations-laboratoire/lad-prestations-laboratoire-passeport.htm| title=Information on the athlete biological passport| author=[[Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses]]| access-date=4 February 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912082241/http://www.doping.chuv.ch/en/lad_home/lad-prestations-laboratoire/lad-prestations-laboratoire-passeport.htm| archive-date=12 September 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref>
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Although the terminology ''athlete passport'' is recent, the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping. Maybe the first marker of doping that tries to detect a prohibited substance not based on its presence in urine or blood but instead the induced deviations in biological parameters is the testosterone over epitestosterone ratio (T/E). The T/E has been used by sports authorities since the beginning of the 1980s to detect [[anabolic steroid]]s in urine samples. A decade later, in 1997, markers of blood doping were introduced by some international federations, such as the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] (UCI) and the [[Federation Internationale de Ski]], to deter the abuse of recombinant [[erythropoietin]] that was undetectable by direct means at that time.
Although the terminology ''athlete passport'' is recent, the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping. Maybe the first marker of doping that tries to detect a prohibited substance not based on its presence in urine or blood but instead the induced deviations in biological parameters is the testosterone over epitestosterone ratio (T/E). The T/E has been used by sports authorities since the beginning of the 1980s to detect [[anabolic steroid]]s in urine samples. A decade later, in 1997, markers of blood doping were introduced by some international federations, such as the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] (UCI) and the [[Federation Internationale de Ski]], to deter the abuse of recombinant [[erythropoietin]] that was undetectable by direct means at that time.


In 2002 the concept of using biological markers to detect doping became known by the term "athlete passport". The advantages were listed in a science [[journal paper]].<ref>{{cite journal| pmid=11869930| title=A strategy to detect doping in sports|author=Ashenden M. |publisher=Haematologica|volume=87|issue=3|date=March 2002|journal=Haematologica|pages=225–32}}</ref> and the terminology adopted by the World Anti-Doping agency.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.wada-ama.org/en/Resources1/Q-and-A/Athlete-Passport/| title=Q-A on the athlete passport| publisher=World Anti-Doping Agency| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203095904/http://www.wada-ama.org/en/Resources1/Q-and-A/Athlete-Passport/| archivedate=3 February 2010| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In 2002 the concept of using biological markers to detect doping became known by the term "athlete passport". The advantages were listed in a [[science journal]] paper.<ref>{{cite journal| pmid=11869930| title=A strategy to detect doping in sports|author=Ashenden M. |volume=87|issue=3|date=March 2002|journal=Haematologica|pages=225–32}}</ref> and the terminology adopted by the World Anti-Doping agency.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.wada-ama.org/en/Resources1/Q-and-A/Athlete-Passport/| title=Q-A on the athlete passport| publisher=World Anti-Doping Agency| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203095904/http://www.wada-ama.org/en/Resources1/Q-and-A/Athlete-Passport/| archive-date=3 February 2010}}</ref>


While a new [[drug test]] must be developed and validated for each new drug, the advantage of the athlete passport is that it is based on the natural stability of the physiology of the human being. There can be a lag of between the availability of a new drug and the development of an effective test. In contrast, the physiology of the human being remains the same through several generations and all [[biomarker]]s developed today in the athlete passport will remain valid for at least several decades. For example, the blood module of the passport is already sensitive today to any new future form of recombinant [[erythropoietin]], as well as to any form of [[gene doping]] that will enhance oxygen transfer to the muscles. Also, while a negative [[drug test]] does not necessarily mean that the athlete did not dope, the athlete can present his/her passport at the beginning of a competition to attest that he/she will compete in his/her natural, unaltered condition.
While a new [[drug test]] must be developed and validated for each new drug, the advantage of the athlete passport is that it is based on the natural stability of the physiology of the human being. There can be a lag of between the availability of a new drug and the development of an effective test. In contrast, the physiology of the human being remains the same through several generations and all [[biomarker]]s developed today in the athlete passport will remain valid for at least several decades. For example, the blood module of the passport is already sensitive today to any new future form of recombinant [[erythropoietin]], as well as to any form of [[gene doping]] that will enhance oxygen transfer to the muscles. Also, while a negative [[drug test]] does not necessarily mean that the athlete did not dope, the athlete can present their passport at the beginning of a competition to attest that they will compete in their natural, unaltered condition.


The athlete passport was widely covered in the media when the blood module was established at the beginning of the 2008 racing season by the world cycling federation, the [[UCI]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?MenuId=&id=NTQzOA |title=Implementation of blood passport by UCI |publisher=UCI |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222000131/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?MenuId=&id=NTQzOA |archivedate=22 February 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> In May 2008 the UCI revealed that 23 riders were under suspicion of doping following the first phase of blood tests conducted under the new biological passport.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/may/03/cycling| title=Blood tests cast doubt on 23 riders| author=Richard Moore| publisher=The Guardian| date=3 May 2008}}</ref>
The athlete passport was widely covered in the media when the blood module was established at the beginning of the 2008 racing season by the world cycling federation, the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?MenuId=&id=NTQzOA |title=Implementation of blood passport by UCI |publisher=UCI |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222000131/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails.asp?MenuId=&id=NTQzOA |archive-date=22 February 2012}}</ref> In May 2008 the UCI revealed that 23 riders were under suspicion of doping following the first phase of blood tests conducted under the new biological passport.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/may/03/cycling| title=Blood tests cast doubt on 23 riders| author=Richard Moore| work=The Guardian| date=3 May 2008}}</ref>


The blood module of the athlete passport aims to detect any form of [[blood doping]], the steroid module any form of doping with [[anabolic steroid]] and the endocrine module any modification of the [[growth hormone]]/[[IGF-1]] axis. Each of these modules are however at different steps of development, validation and application in sports.
The blood module of the athlete passport aims to detect any form of [[blood doping]], the steroid module any form of doping with [[anabolic steroid]] and the endocrine module any modification of the [[growth hormone]]/[[IGF-1]] axis. Each of these modules are however at different steps of development, validation and application in sports.


== Athlete biological passport testing ==
== Athlete biological passport testing ==
According to the World Anti-Doping Agency, the athlete biological passport is administered to establish whether an athlete is manipulating his/her physiological variables without detecting a particular substance or method. The biological passport uses the standardized approach of urine sampling to determine steroid abuse. The objective of this testing is to identify athletes in a haematological module and a steroidal module.
According to the World Anti-Doping Agency, the athlete biological passport is administered to establish whether an athlete is manipulating their physiological variables without detecting a particular substance or method. The biological passport uses the standardized approach of urine sampling to determine steroid abuse. The objective of this testing is to identify athletes in a haematological module and a steroidal module.


The haematological module tests for certain markers in the body that identify the enhancement of oxygen transport. The specific markers the module tests for include haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell count, percentage of reticulocytes, reticulocytes count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean red cell distribution width, and immature reticulocyte fraction.
The haematological module tests for certain markers in the body that identify the enhancement of oxygen transport. The specific markers the module tests for include haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell count, percentage of reticulocytes, reticulocytes count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean red cell distribution width, and immature reticulocyte fraction.


The steroidal module collects information on markers for steroid doping and aims to identify endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids. The specific markers the module tests for include testosterone, epitestosterone, the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio, androsterone, and etiocholanolone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/Science_Medicine/Athlete_Biological_Passport/WADA-ABP-Operating-Guidelines_v4.0-EN.pdf|title=Ressources|work=Agence mondiale antidopage}}</ref>
The steroidal module collects information on markers for steroid doping and aims to identify endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids. The specific markers the module tests for include testosterone, epitestosterone, the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio, androsterone, and etiocholanolone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/Science_Medicine/Athlete_Biological_Passport/WADA-ABP-Operating-Guidelines_v4.0-EN.pdf|title=Ressources|work=Agence mondiale antidopage|date=22 July 2014|access-date=12 December 2013|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212201604/http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/Science_Medicine/Athlete_Biological_Passport/WADA-ABP-Operating-Guidelines_v4.0-EN.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The World Anti-Doping Agency recently released the 2014 Prohibited Substances list and it will take effect on 1 January. In the new list, the agency modified the definitions of exogenous and endogenous steroids being tested for in the steroidal module of the biological passport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/World_Anti-Doping_Program/WADP-Prohibited-list/2014/WADA-prohibited-list-2014-EN.pdf|title=Ressources|work=Agence mondiale antidopage}}</ref>
The World Anti-Doping Agency recently released the 2014 Prohibited Substances list and it will take effect on 1 January. In the new list, the agency modified the definitions of exogenous and endogenous steroids being tested for in the steroidal module of the biological passport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/World_Anti-Doping_Program/WADP-Prohibited-list/2014/WADA-prohibited-list-2014-EN.pdf|title=Ressources|work=Agence mondiale antidopage|date=22 July 2014|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-date=1 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401051059/http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/World_Anti-Doping_Program/WADP-Prohibited-list/2014/WADA-prohibited-list-2014-EN.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Cycling ==
== Cycling ==
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{{see also|World Anti-Doping Agency#Whereabouts rule}}
{{see also|World Anti-Doping Agency#Whereabouts rule}}
Under the new rules, registered riders have to give the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] daily information about their location and provide a one-hour window for possible testing. They have to submit a form every quarter year saying where they will be every day of the next quarter and they must notify the UCI if they change their whereabouts on any day. This means the whereabouts information provided in the whereabouts filings is accurate and sufficient in detail to enable any relevant Anti-Doping Organization to locate him for testing on any given day in that period of time.<ref>http://www.uci.ch/includes/asp/getTarget.asp?type=FILE&id=NDc3MDk{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This is the most invasive testing programme in the history of any sport, but the UCI feels this invasion of privacy is justified as previously implemented anti-doping regimes have failed to detect every doping violation.
Under the new rules, registered riders have to give the [[Union Cycliste Internationale]] daily information about their location and provide a one-hour window for possible testing. They have to submit a form every quarter-year saying where they will be every day of the next quarter and they must notify the UCI if they change their whereabouts on any day. This means the whereabouts information provided in the whereabouts filings is accurate and sufficient in detail to enable any relevant Anti-Doping Organization to locate the riders for testing on any given day in that period of time.<ref>http://www.uci.ch/includes/asp/getTarget.asp?type=FILE&id=NDc3MDk{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


=== Cyclists sanctioned on basis of biological passports ===
=== Cyclists sanctioned on basis of biological passports ===
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|data-sort-value="Amorim, António"|[[António Amorim]]
|data-sort-value="Amorim, António"|[[António Amorim]]
|
|
|{{POR}}
|{{flagu|Portugal}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|24 July 2010
|24 July 2010
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|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Astarloa, Igor"|[[Igor Astarloa]]
|data-sort-value="Astarloa, Igor"|[[Igor Astarloa]]
|{{ct|MRM|2008}}
|{{UCI team code|MRM|2008}}
|{{ESP}}
|{{flagu|Spain}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|15 Aug. 2009
|15 Aug. 2009
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|26 Nov. 2010
|26 Nov. 2010
|25 Nov. 2012
|25 Nov. 2012
|<ref>{{cite web|author=Barry Ryan |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/astarloa-suspended-and-fined-for-uci-biological-passport-infraction |title=Astarloa suspended and fined for UCI biological passport infraction |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |date= |accessdate=19 June 2014}}</ref><ref>Andrew Hood: [http://velonews.competitor.com/2010/12/news/former-world-champion-igor-astarloa-suspended-and-fined-based-on-biological-passport-doping-charges_151512 Former world champion Igor Astarloa suspended and fined based on ‘biological passport’ doping charges], velonews.com, 1 December 2010</ref><ref>UCI: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121818/http://62.50.72.83/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails2011.asp?id=NzE1NA&MenuId=MTI2Mjc&LangId=1&BackLink=%2Ftemplates%2FUCI%2FUCI7%2Flayout.asp%3FMenuId%3DMTI2Mjc&LangId=1&7602120X12X45Page=83 Press release – Biological Passport: Igor Astarloa Askasibar sanctioned], uci.ch, 1 December 2010</ref><ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/>
|<ref>{{cite web|author=Barry Ryan |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/astarloa-suspended-and-fined-for-uci-biological-passport-infraction |title=Astarloa suspended and fined for UCI biological passport infraction |date=December 2010 |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref><ref>Andrew Hood: [http://velonews.competitor.com/2010/12/news/former-world-champion-igor-astarloa-suspended-and-fined-based-on-biological-passport-doping-charges_151512 Former world champion Igor Astarloa suspended and fined based on ‘biological passport’ doping charges], velonews.com, 1 December 2010</ref><ref>UCI: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121818/http://62.50.72.83/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails2011.asp?id=NzE1NA&MenuId=MTI2Mjc&LangId=1&BackLink=%2Ftemplates%2FUCI%2FUCI7%2Flayout.asp%3FMenuId%3DMTI2Mjc&LangId=1&7602120X12X45Page=83 Press release – Biological Passport: Igor Astarloa Askasibar sanctioned], uci.ch, 1 December 2010</ref><ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Barredo, Carlos"|[[Carlos Barredo]]
|data-sort-value="Barredo, Carlos"|[[Carlos Barredo]]
|{{ct|QST|2008}}, {{ct|RAB|2011}}
|{{UCI team code|QST|2008}}, {{UCI team code|RAB|2011}}
|{{ESP}}
|{{flagu|Spain}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|17 Oct. 2007<br />–24 Sept. 2011,<br /> only
|17 Oct. 2007<br />–24 Sept. 2011,<br /> only
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|18 Oct 2012
|18 Oct 2012
|17 Oct 2014
|17 Oct 2014
|<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY&LangId=1 |title=UCI Doping Suspensions |author=UCI |publisher=UCI.ch |date=10 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715214800/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY&LangId=1 |archivedate=15 July 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>
|<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY&LangId=1 |title=UCI Doping Suspensions |author=UCI |publisher=UCI.ch |date=10 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715214800/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=Nzk5OTY&LangId=1 |archive-date=15 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Bertagnolli, Leonardo"|[[Leonardo Bertagnolli]]
|data-sort-value="Bertagnolli, Leonardo"|[[Leonardo Bertagnolli]]
|{{ct|LIQ|2008}}, {{ct|SDA|2010}}, {{ct|LAM|2011}}
|{{UCI team code|LIQ|2008}}, {{UCI team code|SDA|2010}}, {{UCI team code|LAM|2011}}
|{{ITA}}
|{{flagu|Italy}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|1 Jan. 2003<br />–18 May 2011
|1 Jan. 2003<br />–18 May 2011
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|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Caucchioli, Pietro"|[[Pietro Caucchioli]]
|data-sort-value="Caucchioli, Pietro"|[[Pietro Caucchioli]]
|{{ct|C.A|2008}}
|{{UCI team code|C.A|2008}}
|{{ITA}}
|{{flagu|Italy}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|18 June 2009
|18 June 2009
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|18 June 2009
|18 June 2009
|17 June 2011
|17 June 2011
|<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/><ref>Stepen Farrand: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/pietro-caucchioli-banned-for-two-years/ Pietro Caucchioli banned for two years Italian sanctioned after suspicious UCI Biological Passport data], cyclingnews.com, 3 June 2010</ref><ref name="cas hearing">{{cite web| url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2011/03/news/cas-upholds-biological-passport-slaps-pellizotti-and-cauchioli-with-2-year-bans_162823| title=CAS upholds biological passport, slaps Pellizotti and Caucchioli with 2-year bans| author=| publisher=VeloNews| date=8 March 2011}}</ref>
|<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/><ref>Stepen Farrand: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/pietro-caucchioli-banned-for-two-years/ Pietro Caucchioli banned for two years Italian sanctioned after suspicious UCI Biological Passport data], cyclingnews.com, 3 June 2010</ref><ref name="cas hearing">{{cite web| url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2011/03/news/cas-upholds-biological-passport-slaps-pellizotti-and-cauchioli-with-2-year-bans_162823| title=CAS upholds biological passport, slaps Pellizotti and Caucchioli with 2-year bans| publisher=VeloNews| date=8 March 2011}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="De Bonis, Francesco"|[[Francesco De Bonis]]
|data-sort-value="De Bonis, Francesco"|[[Francesco De Bonis]]
|{{ct|GST|2008}}, {{ct|SDA|2009}}
|{{UCI team code|GST|2008}}, {{UCI team code|SDA|2009}}
|{{ITA}}
|{{flagu|Italy}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|18 June 2009
|18 June 2009
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|18 June 2009
|18 June 2009
|17 June 2011
|17 June 2011
|<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/><ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/05/27/idINIndia-48856820100527 De Bonis first to be banned based on biological passport], Reuters, 27 May 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/8827/CAS-dismisses-doping-ban-appeal-by-De-Bonis-over-biological-passport.aspx| title=CAS dismisses doping ban appeal by De Bonis over biological passport| author=Shane Stokes| publisher=Velonation.com| date=22 June 2011}}</ref>
|<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160307234940/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-48856820100527 De Bonis first to be banned based on biological passport], Reuters, 27 May 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/8827/CAS-dismisses-doping-ban-appeal-by-De-Bonis-over-biological-passport.aspx| title=CAS dismisses doping ban appeal by De Bonis over biological passport| author=Shane Stokes| publisher=Velonation.com| date=22 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Hoste, Leif"|[[Leif Hoste]]
|data-sort-value="Hoste, Leif"|[[Leif Hoste]]
|{{ct|OLO|2010}}
|{{UCI team code|OLO|2010}}
|{{BEL}}
|{{flagu|Belgium}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|
|
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|<ref name="auto" />
|<ref name="auto" />
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Lobato, Rubén"|[[Rubén Lobato]]
|data-sort-value="Lobato, Rubén"|[[Rubén Lobato (cyclist)|Rubén Lobato]]
|[[Saunier Duval-Scott]]
|[[Saunier Duval–Scott]]
|{{ESP}}
|{{flagu|Spain}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|16 July 2010
|16 July 2010
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|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Menochov, Denis"|[[Denis Menchov]]
|data-sort-value="Menochov, Denis"|[[Denis Menchov]]
|{{ct|RAB|2009}}, {{ct|KAT|2012}}
|{{UCI team code|RAB|2009}}, {{UCI team code|KAT|2012}}
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[2009 Tour de France|2009]], [[2010 Tour de France|2010]] & [[2012 Tour de France|2012 TdF]],<br /> only
|[[2009 Tour de France|2009]], [[2010 Tour de France|2010]] & [[2012 Tour de France|2012 TdF]],<br /> only
Line 148: Line 147:
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Pellizotti, Franco"|[[Franco Pellizotti]]
|data-sort-value="Pellizotti, Franco"|[[Franco Pellizotti]]
|{{ct|LIQ|2009}}
|{{UCI team code|LIQ|2009}}
|{{ITA}}
|{{flagu|Italy}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|7 May 2009
|7 May 2009
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|data-sort-value="Ribeiro, Sérgio"|[[Sérgio Ribeiro (cyclist)|Sérgio Ribeiro]]
|data-sort-value="Ribeiro, Sérgio"|[[Sérgio Ribeiro (cyclist)|Sérgio Ribeiro]]
|
|
|{{POR}}
|{{flagu|Portugal}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|
|
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|
|
|14 July 2025
|14 July 2025
|<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ribeiro-handed-12-year-ban-by-portuguese-federation| title=Ribeiro handed 12 year ban by Portuguese federation| author=Cycling News| publisher=cyclingnews.com| date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ribeiro-handed-12-year-ban-by-portuguese-federation| title=Ribeiro handed 12-year ban by Portuguese federation| website=cyclingnews.com| date=4 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Serrano, Ricardo"|[[Ricardo Serrano (cyclist)|Ricardo Serrano]]
|data-sort-value="Serrano, Ricardo"|[[Ricardo Serrano (cyclist)|Ricardo Serrano]]
|{{ct|TCS|2008}}
|{{UCI team code|TCS|2008}}
|{{ESP}}
|{{flagu|Spain}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|7 May 2009
|7 May 2009
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|7 May 2009
|7 May 2009
|6 May 2011
|6 May 2011
|<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/4574/Biological-Passport-Ricardo-Serrano-given-two-year-suspension-by-RFEC-for-EPO-use.aspx| title=Biological Passport: Ricardo Serrano given two-year suspension by RFEC for EPO use| author=| publisher=Velonation.com| date=17 June 2010}}</ref>
|<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/4574/Biological-Passport-Ricardo-Serrano-given-two-year-suspension-by-RFEC-for-EPO-use.aspx| title=Biological Passport: Ricardo Serrano given two-year suspension by RFEC for EPO use| publisher=Velonation.com| date=17 June 2010}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Tiernan-Locke, Jonathan"|[[Jonathan Tiernan-Locke]]
|data-sort-value="Tiernan-Locke, Jonathan"|[[Jonathan Tiernan-Locke]]
|{{ct|EDR|2012}}/{{ct|SKY|2012}}
|{{UCI team code|EDR|2012}}/{{UCI team code|SKY|2012}}
|{{flagu|United Kingdom}}
|{{GBR}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[2012 Tour of Britain]] & [[2012 UCI Road World Championships|2012 UCI Worlds]],<br />only
|[[2012 Tour of Britain]] & [[2012 UCI Road World Championships|2012 UCI Worlds]],<br />only
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|31 Dec. 2013
|31 Dec. 2013
|31 Dec. 2015
|31 Dec. 2015
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/28354686|title=BBC Sport – Team Sky's Jonathan Tiernan-Locke gets two-year doping ban|work=BBC Sport}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/28354686|title=Team Sky's Jonathan Tiernan-Locke gets two-year doping ban | publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Valjavec, Tadej"|[[Tadej Valjavec]]
|data-sort-value="Valjavec, Tadej"|[[Tadej Valjavec]]
|{{ct|ALM|2009}}
|{{UCI team code|ALM|2009}}
|{{SLO}}
|{{SLO}}
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
|[[Road bicycle racing|Road racing]]
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|20 Jan. 2011
|20 Jan. 2011
|19 Jan. 2013
|19 Jan. 2013
|<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011"/><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/apr/22/biological-passport-tadaj-valjavec-ban| title='Biological passport' pays off as Tadej Valjavec receives two-year ban| author=| publisher=The Guardian| date=22 April 2011}}</ref>
|<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011"/><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/apr/22/biological-passport-tadaj-valjavec-ban| title='Biological passport' pays off as Tadej Valjavec receives two-year ban| work=The Guardian| date=22 April 2011}}</ref>
|-
|-
|}
|}
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During the first three years of UCI's bio passport program 26 riders were found positive for EPO. In 20 out of the 26 cases, it was the abnormal blood profile which raised suspicions leading to a targeted doping test.<ref>Dr. Dick Marty, Peter Nicholson, Dr. Ulrich Haas – Cycling Independent Reform Commission: Report to the President of the Union Cycliste Internationale, p.53</ref>
During the first three years of UCI's bio passport program 26 riders were found positive for EPO. In 20 out of the 26 cases, it was the abnormal blood profile which raised suspicions leading to a targeted doping test.<ref>Dr. Dick Marty, Peter Nicholson, Dr. Ulrich Haas – Cycling Independent Reform Commission: Report to the President of the Union Cycliste Internationale, p.53</ref>


*[[Manuel Beltran]] (Liquigas) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] at the [[2008 Tour de France]] in a targeted test after anomalies appeared in a blood sample taken at the start of the Tour. The pre Tour blood samples were collected by the French Anti-doping Agency ([[Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage|AFLD]]) and the results from the testings were submitted to the UCI to form part of their database of profiles for their biological passport programme.<ref>[http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/134/Liquigas-risk-Tour-expulsion-as-Beltran-tests-positive.aspx Liquigas risk Tour expulsion as Beltran tests positive], velonation.com, 11 July 2008</ref>
*[[Manuel Beltrán]] (Liquigas) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] at the [[2008 Tour de France]] in a targeted test after anomalies appeared in a blood sample taken at the start of the Tour. The pre Tour blood samples were collected by the French Anti-doping Agency ([[Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage|AFLD]]) and the results from the testings were submitted to the UCI to form part of their database of profiles for their biological passport programme.<ref>[http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/134/Liquigas-risk-Tour-expulsion-as-Beltran-tests-positive.aspx Liquigas risk Tour expulsion as Beltran tests positive], velonation.com, 11 July 2008</ref>
*[[Gabriele Bosisio]] (LPR Brakes-Ballan) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in September 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme. He received a two-year sanction.<ref>Associated Press: [http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/cycling/news/story?id=5142121 Bosisio suspended for two years], espn.com, 28 April 2010</ref>
*[[Gabriele Bosisio]] (LPR Brakes-Ballan) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in September 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme. He received a two-year sanction.<ref>Associated Press: [https://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/news/story?id=5142121 Bosisio suspended for two years], espn.com, 28 April 2010</ref>
*[[Antonio Colom]] (Team Katusha) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in April 2009, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme. He received a two-year sanction.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/4336/Biological-Passport-Antonio-Colom-sanctioned-for-two-years-given-large-fine.aspx#ixzz1TzAdZiui| title=Biological Passport: Antonio Colom sanctioned for two years, given large fine| author=| publisher=Velonation.com| date=27 May 2010}}</ref>
*[[Antonio Colom]] (Team Katusha) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in April 2009, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme. He received a two-year sanction.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/4336/Biological-Passport-Antonio-Colom-sanctioned-for-two-years-given-large-fine.aspx#ixzz1TzAdZiui| title=Biological Passport: Antonio Colom sanctioned for two years, given large fine| publisher=Velonation.com| date=27 May 2010}}</ref>
*[[Thomas Dekker (cyclist)|Thomas Dekker]] (Rabobank) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in a retroactive test carried out on a urine sample taken in December 2007. Dekker's hematological profile led the UCI to review the EPO analyses for urine samples conducted since the introduction of the biological passport programme.<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/dekker-caught-under-biological-passport-programme| title=Dekker caught under biological passport programme| author=Susan Westemeyer| publisher=cyclingnews.com| date=1 July 2009}}</ref>
*[[Thomas Dekker (cyclist)|Thomas Dekker]] (Rabobank) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in a retroactive test carried out on a urine sample taken in December 2007. Dekker's hematological profile led the UCI to review the EPO analyses for urine samples conducted since the introduction of the biological passport programme.<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/dekker-caught-under-biological-passport-programme| title=Dekker caught under biological passport programme| author=Susan Westemeyer| publisher=cyclingnews.com| date=1 July 2009}}</ref>
*[[Danilo Di Luca]] (LPR Brakes-Ballan) tested positive for [[Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator|CERA]] twice during the [[2009 Giro d'Italia]] after being targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>Daniel Simms: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/di-luca-positive-for-cera-in-giro http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/di-luca-positive-for-cera-in-giro], cyclingnews.com, 22 July 2009</ref><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/5888037/Danilo-Di-Luca-suspended-after-failing-drug-tests-during-Giro-dItalia.html Danilo Di Luca suspended after failing drug tests during Giro d'Italia], The Telegraph, 22 July 2009</ref>
*[[Danilo Di Luca]] (LPR Brakes-Ballan) tested positive for [[Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator|CERA]] twice during the [[2009 Giro d'Italia]] after being targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>Daniel Simms: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/di-luca-positive-for-cera-in-giro http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/di-luca-positive-for-cera-in-giro], cyclingnews.com, 22 July 2009</ref><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/5888037/Danilo-Di-Luca-suspended-after-failing-drug-tests-during-Giro-dItalia.html Danilo Di Luca suspended after failing drug tests during Giro d'Italia], The Telegraph, 22 July 2009</ref>
*[[Alberto Fernández de la Puebla]] (Fuji-Servetto) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in October 2009, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/de-la-puebla-ramos-nabbed-by-passport-program De La Puebla Ramos nabbed by passport program], cyclingnews.com, 5 November 2009</ref> He received a two-year sanction.<ref>Richard Tyler: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-suspends-larpe-colo-for-drug-positives UCI suspends Larpe, Coló for drug positives], cyclingnews.com, 21 May 2010</ref>
*[[Alberto Fernández de la Puebla]] (Fuji–Servetto) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in October 2009, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/de-la-puebla-ramos-nabbed-by-passport-program De La Puebla Ramos nabbed by passport program], cyclingnews.com, 5 November 2009</ref> He received a two-year sanction.<ref>Richard Tyler: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-suspends-larpe-colo-for-drug-positives UCI suspends Larpe, Coló for drug positives], cyclingnews.com, 21 May 2010</ref>
*[[David George (cyclist)|David George]] (MTB) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control 29 August 2012, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme of the [[South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport]] (the South African national Anti-doping agency). He admitted to having used EPO and received a two-year sanction.<ref>[http://espn.go.com/sports/endurance/story/_/id/8713183/former-lance-armstrong-teammate-david-george-banned-2-years David George gets 2-year ban], espn.com 5 December 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13229/Former-US-Postal-rider-David-George-tests-positive-for-EPO.aspx Former US Postal rider David George tests positive for EPO], velonation.com 6 November 2012</ref>
*[[David George (cyclist)|David George]] (MTB) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control 29 August 2012, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme of the [[South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport]] (the South African national Anti-doping agency). He admitted to having used EPO and received a two-year sanction.<ref>[https://www.espn.com/sports/endurance/story/_/id/8713183/former-lance-armstrong-teammate-david-george-banned-2-years David George gets 2-year ban], espn.com 5 December 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13229/Former-US-Postal-rider-David-George-tests-positive-for-EPO.aspx Former US Postal rider David George tests positive for EPO], velonation.com 6 November 2012</ref>
*[[Massimo Giunti]] (Androni Giocattoli) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in February 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>Stephen Farrand and Richard Tyler: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/giunti-tests-positive-for-epo-suspended Giunti tests positive for EPO, suspended], cyclingnews.com, 11 March 2010</ref> He received a two-year sanction.<ref>Agence France Presse: [http://velonews.competitor.com/2010/10/news/davide-rebellin-eladio-jimenez-sanchez-and-massimo-giunti-draw-two-year-suspensions_144312 Davide Rebellin, Eladio Jimenez Sanchez and Massimo Giunti draw two-year suspensions], velones.com, 2 October 2010</ref>
*[[Massimo Giunti]] (Androni Giocattoli) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in February 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>Stephen Farrand and Richard Tyler: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/giunti-tests-positive-for-epo-suspended Giunti tests positive for EPO, suspended], cyclingnews.com, 11 March 2010</ref> He received a two-year sanction.<ref>Agence France-Presse: [http://velonews.competitor.com/2010/10/news/davide-rebellin-eladio-jimenez-sanchez-and-massimo-giunti-draw-two-year-suspensions_144312 Davide Rebellin, Eladio Jimenez Sanchez and Massimo Giunti draw two-year suspensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025819/http://velonews.competitor.com/2010/10/news/davide-rebellin-eladio-jimenez-sanchez-and-massimo-giunti-draw-two-year-suspensions_144312 |date=4 March 2016 }}, velones.com, 2 October 2010</ref>
*[[Eddy Ratti]] (De Rosa-Stac Plastic) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in January 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>Richard Tyler: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ratti-tests-positive-for-epo Ratti tests positive for EPO], cyclingnews.com, 13 February 2010</ref> He received a two-year sanction.<ref>Sébastien Toussaint: [http://www.cyclingcoverage.com/news/rider-news/article.php?id=374 Eddy Ratti suspended by the CONI for two years], cyclingcoverage.com, 2 April 2010</ref>
*[[Eddy Ratti]] (De Rosa-Stac Plastic) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in January 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>Richard Tyler: [http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/ratti-tests-positive-for-epo Ratti tests positive for EPO], cyclingnews.com, 13 February 2010</ref> He received a two-year sanction.<ref>Sébastien Toussaint: [http://www.cyclingcoverage.com/news/rider-news/article.php?id=374 Eddy Ratti suspended by the CONI for two years], cyclingcoverage.com, 2 April 2010</ref>
*[[Manuel Vázquez Hueso]] (Andalucía-Cajasur) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in March 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/vazquez-hueso-suspended-for-epo-use Vazquez Hueso suspended for EPO use], cyclingnews.com, 26 April 2010</ref> He received a two-year sanction.
*[[Manuel Vázquez Hueso]] (Andalucía-Cajasur) tested positive for [[Erythropoietin|EPO]] in an out-of-competition control in March 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.<ref>[http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/vazquez-hueso-suspended-for-epo-use Vazquez Hueso suspended for EPO use], cyclingnews.com, 26 April 2010</ref> He received a two-year sanction.


== Athletics ==
== Athletics ==
The [[International Association of Athletics Federations]] introduced their Athletes Biological Passport programme in 2009, and they announced the first sanction under the passport in May 2012.<ref name=ESPN /><ref name=IAAF /> The Portuguese marathon runner [[Hélder Ornelas]] became the first track and field athlete to get suspended for doping based on the biological passport.<ref name=ESPN>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/olympics/trackandfield/story/_/id/7881539/helder-ornelas-portugal-banned-biological-passport-doping-case|title=Runner banned in doping case|date=2 May 2012|website= ESPN|publisher=The Associated Press|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=IAAF>{{cite web| url =http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/six-new-athletes-sanctioned-under-the-iaaf-at|title=Six new athletes sanctioned under the IAAF Athlete Biological Passport programme|date= 25 July 2012|website= iaaf.org|publisher= IAAF|accessdate = 16 July 2014}}</ref><ref>IAAF: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120503230658/http://www.iaaf.org/antidoping/news/newsid%3D64772.html First doping violation concluded in Athletics on the basis of the Athlete Biological Passport], iaaf.org (via web.archive.org), 2 May 2012</ref> He received a four-year suspension in May 2012.<ref name=IAAFlist>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=64099fcf-1e9a-444d-97d9-ea03d79fd4c5.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules
The International Association of Athletics Federations, now known as [[World Athletics]], introduced their Athletes Biological Passport programme in 2009, and announced the first sanction under the passport in May 2012.<ref name=ESPN /><ref name=IAAF /> The Portuguese marathon runner [[Hélder Ornelas]] became the first track and field athlete to get suspended for doping based on the biological passport.<ref name=ESPN>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/trackandfield/story/_/id/7881539/helder-ornelas-portugal-banned-biological-passport-doping-case|title=Runner banned in doping case|date=2 May 2012|website= ESPN|agency=Associated Press|access-date=16 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=IAAF>{{cite web| url =http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/six-new-athletes-sanctioned-under-the-iaaf-at|title=Six new athletes sanctioned under the IAAF Athlete Biological Passport programme|date= 25 July 2012|website= iaaf.org|publisher= IAAF|access-date = 16 July 2014}}</ref><ref>IAAF: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120503230658/http://www.iaaf.org/antidoping/news/newsid%3D64772.html First doping violation concluded in Athletics on the basis of the Athlete Biological Passport], iaaf.org (via web.archive.org), 2 May 2012</ref> He received a four-year suspension in May 2012.<ref name=IAAFlist>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=64099fcf-1e9a-444d-97d9-ea03d79fd4c5.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules
|title=Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 26.06.14| date =26 June 2014| website=iaaf.org
|title=Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 26.06.14| date =26 June 2014| website=iaaf.org
|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref>
|publisher=IAAF|access-date=16 July 2014}}</ref>


=== Track and field athletes sanctioned on basis of biological passports ===
=== Track and field athletes sanctioned on basis of biological passports ===
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|data-sort-value="Abitova, Inga"|[[Inga Abitova]]
|data-sort-value="Abitova, Inga"|[[Inga Abitova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Marathon
|Marathon
|10 Oct. 2009
|10 Oct. 2009
|2 years ineligibility
|2 years ineligibility
|7 Nov. 2012
|7 Nov. 2012
|11 Oct, 2012
|11 Oct 2012
|10 Oct. 2014
|10 Oct. 2014
|<ref name=IAAFlist /><ref name="IAAF News 138">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=00b3329b-d203-42ed-8b78-67eb448dce06.pdf&urlslug=NEWS%20138%20-%20November%2FDecember%202012|title=IAAF News Edition 138 – 18 December 2012, Athletes sanctioned for a doping offence since the last newsletter, According to information received by the IAAF as of 13 December 2012|work=iaaf.org}}</ref>
|<ref name=IAAFlist /><ref name="IAAF News 138">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=00b3329b-d203-42ed-8b78-67eb448dce06.pdf&urlslug=NEWS%20138%20-%20November%2FDecember%202012|title=IAAF News Edition 138 – 18 December 2012, Athletes sanctioned for a doping offence since the last newsletter, According to information received by the IAAF as of 13 December 2012|work=iaaf.org}}</ref>
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|data-sort-value="Alminova, Anna"|[[Anna Alminova]]
|data-sort-value="Alminova, Anna"|[[Anna Alminova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|1500 m
|1500 m
|16 Feb. 2009
|16 Feb. 2009
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|16 Dec. 2011
|16 Dec. 2011
|15 May 2014
|15 May 2014
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=2778537f-15d0-45ad-8fc1-82ed94a8bd75.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20154|title=Doping sanctions – News 154 Positive cases in athletics Sanctioned according to information received by the IAAF as of 26 June 2014|date=30 July 2014|website=iaaf.org|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=2778537f-15d0-45ad-8fc1-82ed94a8bd75.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20154|title=Doping sanctions – News 154 Positive cases in athletics Sanctioned according to information received by the IAAF as of 26 June 2014|date=30 July 2014|website=iaaf.org|publisher=IAAF|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Alptekin, Aslı Çakır"|[[Aslı Çakır Alptekin]]
|data-sort-value="Alptekin, Aslı Çakır"|[[Aslı Çakır Alptekin]]
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|data-sort-value="Arzhakova, Elena"|[[Elena Arzhakova]]
|data-sort-value="Arzhakova, Elena"|[[Elena Arzhakova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|800 m, 1500 m
|800 m, 1500 m
|12 July 2011
|12 July 2011
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|data-sort-value="Bakulin, Sergey"|[[Sergey Bakulin]]
|data-sort-value="Bakulin, Sergey"|[[Sergey Bakulin]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|25 Jan. 2011
|25 Jan. 2011
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|17 Aug. 2009
|17 Aug. 2009
|2 years and 9 months ineligibility (Reduced from 4 years<ref name="IAAF list January 2013">{{cite web
|2 years and 9 months ineligibility (Reduced from 4 years<ref name="IAAF list January 2013">{{cite web
| url =http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=763841ee-f441-41ea-befa-961002781226.pdf&urlslug=List| title = Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 11.1.13| website = iaaf.org | publisher = IAAF| accessdate = 8 February 2015}}</ref><ref>Gregor Brown: [http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/03/news/kreuziger-faces-difficult-defense-based-wada-cas-history_362167 Kreuziger faces difficult defense based on WADA and CAS history], Velonews, 4 March 2015</ref>)
| url =http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=763841ee-f441-41ea-befa-961002781226.pdf&urlslug=List| title = Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 11.1.13| website = iaaf.org | publisher = IAAF| access-date = 8 February 2015}}</ref><ref>Gregor Brown: [http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/03/news/kreuziger-faces-difficult-defense-based-wada-cas-history_362167 Kreuziger faces difficult defense based on WADA and CAS history], Velonews, 4 March 2015</ref>)
|16 Jan. 2013
|16 Jan. 2013
|3 March 2012
|3 March 2012
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|data-sort-value="Bogatyrev, Petr"|[[Petr Bogatyrev]]
|data-sort-value="Bogatyrev, Petr"|[[Petr Bogatyrev]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|12 July 2011
|12 July 2011
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|data-sort-value="Borchin, Valeriy"|[[Valeriy Borchin]]
|data-sort-value="Borchin, Valeriy"|[[Valeriy Borchin]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|14 Aug. 2009
|14 Aug. 2009
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|data-sort-value="Dominguez, Marta"|[[Marta Dominguez]]
|data-sort-value="Dominguez, Marta"|[[Marta Dominguez]]
|F
|F
|{{ESP}}
|{{flagu|Spain}}
|Steeplechase
|Steeplechase
|5 Aug. 2009
|5 Aug. 2009
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|24 June 2015
|24 June 2015
|12 Oct. 2017
|12 Oct. 2017
|<ref name="IAAF News 168"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3561_3614.pdf|title= Tribunal Arbitral du Sport Court of Arbitration for Sport MEDIA RELEASE ATHLETICS – ANTI-DOPING MARTA DOMINGUEZ BANNED FOR 3 YEARS BY THE COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT (CAS)|date= 19 November 2015|website= tas-cas.org|publisher= Court of Arbitration for Sport|accessdate= 28 November 2015| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128154051/http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3561_3614.pdf| archivedate = 28 November 2015 |url-status =}}</ref>
|<ref name="IAAF News 168"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3561_3614.pdf|title= Tribunal Arbitral du Sport Court of Arbitration for Sport MEDIA RELEASE ATHLETICS – ANTI-DOPING MARTA DOMINGUEZ BANNED FOR 3 YEARS BY THE COURT OF ARBITRATION FOR SPORT (CAS)|date= 19 November 2015|website= tas-cas.org|publisher= Court of Arbitration for Sport|access-date= 28 November 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128154051/http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3561_3614.pdf| archive-date = 28 November 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Driouch, Hamza"|[[Hamza Driouch]]
|data-sort-value="Driouch, Hamza"|[[Hamza Driouch]]
Line 411: Line 410:
|31 Dec. 2014
|31 Dec. 2014
|30 Dec. 2016
|30 Dec. 2016
|<ref>Associated Press: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/qatari-middle-distance-runner-given-two-year-doping-ban/2015/02/24/e9b4ca90-bc18-11e4-9dfb-03366e719af8_story.html Qatari middle-distance runner given two-year doping ban], Washington Post, 24 February 2015</ref><ref name="IAAF Feb 2015">IAAF: Positive cases in athletics Sanctioned according to information received by the IAAF as of 20 February 2015.</ref>
|<ref>Associated Press: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150224154904/http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/qatari-middle-distance-runner-given-two-year-doping-ban/2015/02/24/e9b4ca90-bc18-11e4-9dfb-03366e719af8_story.html Qatari middle-distance runner given two-year doping ban], Washington Post, 24 February 2015</ref><ref name="IAAF Feb 2015">IAAF: Positive cases in athletics Sanctioned according to information received by the IAAF as of 20 February 2015.</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Dublia, Aliaksandra"|[[Aleksandra Duliba|Aliaksandra Dublia]]
|data-sort-value="Dublia, Aliaksandra"|[[Aleksandra Duliba|Aliaksandra Dublia]]
Line 426: Line 425:
|data-sort-value="Emelyanov, Stanislav"|[[Stanislav Emelyanov]]
|data-sort-value="Emelyanov, Stanislav"|[[Stanislav Emelyanov]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|26 July 2010
|26 July 2010
Line 433: Line 432:
|15 Dec. 2012
|15 Dec. 2012
|14 Dec. 2014
|14 Dec. 2014
|<ref name=IAAFlist29072014>{{cite web|url =http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=6366f44a-1db1-49d1-bde3-b39c04bfc5fa.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules| title=List of athletes currently serving a period of ineligibility as a result of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation under IAAF Rules as at: 28.07.14| date= 28 July 2014| publisher = IAAF| accessdate =31 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="IAAF News 155">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=784c6bbd-0056-4898-9080-8e61fe24bb67.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20155|title=Positive cases in athletics SANCTIONED ACCORDING TO INFORMATION RECEIVED BY THE IAAF AS OF JULY – AUGUST 2014|work=iaaf.org}}</ref>
|<ref name=IAAFlist29072014>{{cite web|url =http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=6366f44a-1db1-49d1-bde3-b39c04bfc5fa.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules| title=List of athletes currently serving a period of ineligibility as a result of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation under IAAF Rules as at: 28.07.14| date= 28 July 2014| publisher = IAAF| access-date =31 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="IAAF News 155">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=784c6bbd-0056-4898-9080-8e61fe24bb67.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20155|title=Positive cases in athletics SANCTIONED ACCORDING TO INFORMATION RECEIVED BY THE IAAF AS OF JULY – AUGUST 2014|work=iaaf.org}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="El Moukim, Rkia"|[[Rkia El Moukim]]
|data-sort-value="El Moukim, Rkia"|[[Rkia El Moukim]]
Line 470: Line 469:
|data-sort-value="Gamonal, Miguel Ángel"|[[Miguel Ángel Gamonal]]
|data-sort-value="Gamonal, Miguel Ángel"|[[Miguel Ángel Gamonal]]
|M
|M
|{{ESP}}
|{{flagu|Spain}}
|Half marathon
|Half marathon
|
|
Line 492: Line 491:
|data-sort-value="Grechishnikova, Yelizaveta"|[[Yelizaveta Grechishnikova]]
|data-sort-value="Grechishnikova, Yelizaveta"|[[Yelizaveta Grechishnikova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|5000 m
|5000 m
|18 Aug. 2009
|18 Aug. 2009
Line 503: Line 502:
|data-sort-value="Grigoryeva, Lidiya"|[[Lidiya Grigoryeva]]
|data-sort-value="Grigoryeva, Lidiya"|[[Lidiya Grigoryeva]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Long-distance
|Long-distance
|17 Feb. 2009
|17 Feb. 2009
Line 543: Line 542:
|15 Feb. 2013
|15 Feb. 2013
|14 Aug. 2015
|14 Aug. 2015
|<ref name="IAAF Feb 2015" /><ref>[https://sports.yahoo.com/news/2-saudi-athletes-banned-doping-185931009--spt.html 2 Saudi athletes banned for doping offenses], Yahoo Sports, 22 November 2013</ref>
|<ref name="IAAF Feb 2015" /><ref>[https://sports.yahoo.com/news/2-saudi-athletes-banned-doping-185931009--spt.html 2 Saudi athletes banned for doping offenses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405111445/https://sports.yahoo.com/news/2-saudi-athletes-banned-doping-185931009--spt.html |date=5 April 2015 }}, Yahoo! Sports, 22 November 2013</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Ishova, Ekaterina"|[[Ekaterina Ishova]] (née Gorbunova)
|data-sort-value="Ishova, Ekaterina"|[[Ekaterina Ishova]] (née Gorbunova)
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|1500 m, 3000&nbsp;m, 5000 m.
|1500 m, 3000&nbsp;m, 5000 m.
|12. July 2011
|12. July 2011
Line 558: Line 557:
|data-sort-value="Joly, Stéphane"|[[Stéphane Joly]]
|data-sort-value="Joly, Stéphane"|[[Stéphane Joly]]
|M
|M
|{{SUI}}
|{{flagu|Switzerland}}
|Cross country
|Cross country
|14 Oct. 2010
|14 Oct. 2010
Line 569: Line 568:
|data-sort-value="Kanaykin, Vladimir"|[[Vladimir Kanaykin]]
|data-sort-value="Kanaykin, Vladimir"|[[Vladimir Kanaykin]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|25 January 2011
|25 January 2011
Line 580: Line 579:
|data-sort-value="Kaniskina, Olga"|[[Olga Kaniskina]]
|data-sort-value="Kaniskina, Olga"|[[Olga Kaniskina]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|15 August 2009
|15 August 2009
Line 598: Line 597:
|22 Aug. 2014
|22 Aug. 2014
|21 Aug. 2016
|21 Aug. 2016
|<ref name=IAAFlist /><ref>[http://www.friidrott.se/nyheter.aspx?id=17261 Ändrade resultatlistor], friidrott.se 2 October 2014</ref><ref name=IAAFDSN156>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=6e9ff333-d5a3-410f-b629-8e0e936a8a33.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20156|title=IAAF: Doping sanctins News 156|work=iaaf.org}}</ref>
|<ref name=IAAFlist /><ref>[http://www.friidrott.se/nyheter.aspx?id=17261 Ändrade resultatlistor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008080435/http://www.friidrott.se/nyheter.aspx?id=17261 |date=8 October 2014 }}, friidrott.se 2 October 2014</ref><ref name=IAAFDSN156>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=6e9ff333-d5a3-410f-b629-8e0e936a8a33.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20156|title=IAAF: Doping sanctins News 156|work=iaaf.org}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Kiraz, Ümmü"|[[Ümmü Kiraz]]
|data-sort-value="Kiraz, Ümmü"|[[Ümmü Kiraz]]
Line 613: Line 612:
|data-sort-value="Kireyeva, Svetlana"|[[Svetlana Kireyeva]]
|data-sort-value="Kireyeva, Svetlana"|[[Svetlana Kireyeva]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Long-distance
|Long-distance
|26 June 2012
|26 June 2012
Line 624: Line 623:
|data-sort-value="Kirdyapkin, Sergey"|[[Sergey Kirdyapkin]]
|data-sort-value="Kirdyapkin, Sergey"|[[Sergey Kirdyapkin]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|20 August 2009
|20 August 2009
Line 635: Line 634:
|data-sort-value="Klyuka, Svetlana"|[[Svetlana Klyuka]]
|data-sort-value="Klyuka, Svetlana"|[[Svetlana Klyuka]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|800 m.
|800 m.
|15 Aug. 2009
|15 Aug. 2009
Line 657: Line 656:
|data-sort-value="Konovalova, Mariya"|[[Mariya Konovalova]]
|data-sort-value="Konovalova, Mariya"|[[Mariya Konovalova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Marathon
|Marathon
|Aug. 2009
|Aug. 2009
Line 664: Line 663:
|27 Oct. 2015
|27 Oct. 2015
|26 Oct. 2017
|26 Oct. 2017
|<ref name="IAAF News 168"/><ref>[https://www.si.com/more-sports/2015/11/05/russian-doping-athletics-maria-konovalova-banned-two-years Report: Russia’s Maria Konovalova banned two years for doping], Sports Illustrated, 5 November 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/nov/05/five-russian-athletes-banned-doping|title=Five Russian athletes suspended for doping abuse|date=5 November 2015|accessdate=9 November 2015|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref>
|<ref name="IAAF News 168"/><ref>[https://www.si.com/more-sports/2015/11/05/russian-doping-athletics-maria-konovalova-banned-two-years Report: Russia’s Maria Konovalova banned two years for doping], Sports Illustrated, 5 November 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/nov/05/five-russian-athletes-banned-doping|title=Five Russian athletes suspended for doping abuse|date=5 November 2015|access-date=9 November 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Kostetskaya, Yekaterina"|[[Yekaterina Kostetskaya]]
|data-sort-value="Kostetskaya, Yekaterina"|[[Yekaterina Kostetskaya]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|800 m, 1500 m.
|800 m, 1500 m.
|30 Aug. 2011
|30 Aug. 2011
Line 679: Line 678:
|data-sort-value="Grigoryeva, Lydia"|[[Alena Kudashkina]]
|data-sort-value="Grigoryeva, Lydia"|[[Alena Kudashkina]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Long-distance
|Long-distance
|9 July 2012
|9 July 2012
Line 701: Line 700:
|data-sort-value="Lemaev, Mikhail"|[[Mikhail Lemaev]]
|data-sort-value="Lemaev, Mikhail"|[[Mikhail Lemaev]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Marathon
|Marathon
|20 Aug. 2009
|20 Aug. 2009
Line 712: Line 711:
|data-sort-value="Lukyanova, Anna"|[[Anna Lukyanova]]
|data-sort-value="Lukyanova, Anna"|[[Anna Lukyanova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|19 July 2010
|19 July 2010
Line 723: Line 722:
|data-sort-value="Maracheva, Irina"|[[Irina Maracheva]]
|data-sort-value="Maracheva, Irina"|[[Irina Maracheva]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|800 m.
|800 m.
|26 June 2012
|26 June 2012
Line 734: Line 733:
|data-sort-value="Minshin, Ildar"|[[Ildar Minshin]]
|data-sort-value="Minshin, Ildar"|[[Ildar Minshin]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Steeplechase
|Steeplechase
|15 Aug. 2009
|15 Aug. 2009
Line 756: Line 755:
|data-sort-value="Mineeva, Tatyana"|[[Tatyana Mineeva]]
|data-sort-value="Mineeva, Tatyana"|[[Tatyana Mineeva]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|12 Nov. 2011
|12 Nov. 2011
Line 767: Line 766:
|data-sort-value="Morgado, Marco"|[[Marco Morgado]]
|data-sort-value="Morgado, Marco"|[[Marco Morgado]]
|M
|M
|{{POR}}
|{{flagu|Portugal}}
|Cross country running
|Cross country running
|29 Oct. 2011
|29 Oct. 2011
Line 778: Line 777:
|data-sort-value="Morozov, Sergey"|[[Sergey Morozov (racewalker)|Sergey Morozov]]
|data-sort-value="Morozov, Sergey"|[[Sergey Morozov (racewalker)|Sergey Morozov]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|25 Feb. 2011
|25 Feb. 2011
Line 800: Line 799:
|data-sort-value="Nikolaeva, Maria"|[[Maria Nikolaeva (athlete)|Maria Nikolaeva]]
|data-sort-value="Nikolaeva, Maria"|[[Maria Nikolaeva (athlete)|Maria Nikolaeva]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|400 m./800 m.
|400 m./800 m.
|18 Feb. 2015
|18 Feb. 2015
Line 822: Line 821:
|data-sort-value="Obrubanskyy, Maksym Cerrone"|[[Maksym Cerrone Obrubanskyy]]
|data-sort-value="Obrubanskyy, Maksym Cerrone"|[[Maksym Cerrone Obrubanskyy]]
|M
|M
|{{ITA}}
|{{flagu|Italy}}
|1500 m, 3000&nbsp;m. 5000 m.
|1500 m, 3000&nbsp;m. 5000 m.
|17 Feb. 2013
|17 Feb. 2013
Line 833: Line 832:
|data-sort-value="Okhotnikova, Nina"|[[Nina Okhotnikova]]
|data-sort-value="Okhotnikova, Nina"|[[Nina Okhotnikova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|21 June 2011<br />–17 Nov. 2011
|21 June 2011<br />–17 Nov. 2011
Line 840: Line 839:
|22 Jan. 2015
|22 Jan. 2015
|21 Jan. 2017
|21 Jan. 2017
|<ref name="IAAF News 163" /><ref name=OktRuz>Associated Press: [http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=trackandfield&id=12499914 2 more Russian race walker banned for doping violations], espn.com, 17 March 2015</ref><ref name=OktRuz2>Russian Athletics Federation: [http://www.rusathletics.com/ant/news.14656.htm Дисквалификация], 17 March 2015</ref>
|<ref name="IAAF News 163" /><ref name=OktRuz>Associated Press: [https://www.espn.com/espn/wire?section=trackandfield&id=12499914 2 more Russian race walker banned for doping violations], espn.com, 17 March 2015</ref><ref name=OktRuz2>Russian Athletics Federation: [http://www.rusathletics.com/ant/news.14656.htm Дисквалификация], 17 March 2015</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Ornelas, Hélder"|[[Hélder Ornelas]]
|data-sort-value="Ornelas, Hélder"|[[Hélder Ornelas]]
|M
|M
|{{POR}}
|{{flagu|Portugal}}
|Marathon
|Marathon
|8 March 2010
|8 March 2010
Line 862: Line 861:
|
|
|7 June 2014
|7 June 2014
|<ref name="IAAF list May 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=497edabd-8579-4e00-bc20-af8b528106ba.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules |title=Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 21.05.14 |website=iaaf.org via web.archive.org |publisher=IAAF |accessdate=1 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214842/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=497edabd-8579-4e00-bc20-af8b528106ba.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules |archivedate=27 May 2014 }}</ref>
|<ref name="IAAF list May 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=497edabd-8579-4e00-bc20-af8b528106ba.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules |title=Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 21.05.14 |publisher=IAAF |access-date=1 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214842/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=497edabd-8579-4e00-bc20-af8b528106ba.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20Anti-Doping%20Rule%20Violation%20under%20IAAF%20Rules |archive-date=27 May 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Petlyuk, Tetiana"|[[Tetiana Petlyuk]]
|data-sort-value="Petlyuk, Tetiana"|[[Tetiana Petlyuk]]
Line 888: Line 887:
|data-sort-value="Rocha, José"|[[José Rocha]]
|data-sort-value="Rocha, José"|[[José Rocha]]
|M
|M
|{{POR}}
|{{flagu|Portugal}}
|Long-distance
|Long-distance
|11 Dec. 2010
|11 Dec. 2010
Line 906: Line 905:
|25 Feb. 2015
|25 Feb. 2015
|24 Feb. 2017
|24 Feb. 2017
|<ref name="IAAF News 163">{{cite web|url= http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=3e7c33fa-ccfb-4538-b281-bab746d5ea9e.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20163|title= IAAF News Issue 163, Positive cases in athletics Sanctioned according to information received by the IAAF as of 28 May 2015|website = iaaf.org|publisher= IAAF|accessdate = 30 May 2015}}</ref>
|<ref name="IAAF News 163">{{cite web|url= http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=3e7c33fa-ccfb-4538-b281-bab746d5ea9e.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20163|title= IAAF News Issue 163, Positive cases in athletics Sanctioned according to information received by the IAAF as of 28 May 2015|website = iaaf.org|publisher= IAAF|access-date = 30 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Rusanova, Yuliya"|[[Yuliya Rusanova]]
|data-sort-value="Rusanova, Yuliya"|[[Yuliya Rusanova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|800 m.
|800 m.
|3 March 2011
|3 March 2011
Line 921: Line 920:
|data-sort-value="Ruzavin, Andrey"|[[Andrey Ruzavin]]
|data-sort-value="Ruzavin, Andrey"|[[Andrey Ruzavin]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|18 Dec. 2011<br />–18 Feb. 2012<br />13 Sept. 2013<br />–13 Nov 2013
|18 Dec. 2011<br />–18 Feb. 2012<br />13 Sept. 2013<br />–13 Nov 2013
Line 965: Line 964:
|data-sort-value="Shobukhova, Liliya"|[[Liliya Shobukhova]]
|data-sort-value="Shobukhova, Liliya"|[[Liliya Shobukhova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Marathon
|Marathon
|9 Oct. 2009
|9 Oct. 2009
Line 972: Line 971:
|22 Jan. 2013
|22 Jan. 2013
|23 Aug. 2015
|23 Aug. 2015
|<ref name= "IAAF list 6 August 2015">{{cite web|url= http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=edbd9629-30db-44e0-82d4-3cbf790373be.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20anti-doping%20rule%20violation%20under%20IAAF%20rules|title= Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 06.08.15|website= iaaf.org|publisher= IAAF|accessdate= 7 August 2015}}</ref><ref>Peter Gambaccini: [http://www.runnersworld.com/general-interest/liliya-shobukhova-gets-two-year-doping-ban Liliya Shobukhova Gets Two-Year Doping Ban], Runners World & Running Times, 29 April 2014</ref><ref>Philip Hersh: [http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-shobukhova-doping-losing-marathon-titles-20150806-story.html Finally official: Liliya Shobukhova losing three Chicago Marathon titles], The Chicago Tribune, 6 August 2015</ref><ref>WADA: [https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2015-08/wada-statement-regarding-liliya-shobukhovas-sanction WADA Statement regarding Liliya Shobukhova’s Sanction], wada-ama.org, 24 August 2015</ref>
|<ref name= "IAAF list 6 August 2015">{{cite web|url= http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=edbd9629-30db-44e0-82d4-3cbf790373be.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20anti-doping%20rule%20violation%20under%20IAAF%20rules|title= Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 06.08.15|website= iaaf.org|publisher= IAAF|access-date= 7 August 2015}}</ref><ref>Peter Gambaccini: [http://www.runnersworld.com/general-interest/liliya-shobukhova-gets-two-year-doping-ban Liliya Shobukhova Gets Two-Year Doping Ban], Runners World & Running Times, 29 April 2014</ref><ref>Philip Hersh: [http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-shobukhova-doping-losing-marathon-titles-20150806-story.html Finally official: Liliya Shobukhova losing three Chicago Marathon titles], The Chicago Tribune, 6 August 2015</ref><ref>WADA: [https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2015-08/wada-statement-regarding-liliya-shobukhovas-sanction WADA Statement regarding Liliya Shobukhova’s Sanction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006142821/https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2015-08/wada-statement-regarding-liliya-shobukhovas-sanction |date=6 October 2015 }}, wada-ama.org, 24 August 2015</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Silva, Fernando"|[[Fernando Silva (distance runner)|Fernando Silva]]
|data-sort-value="Silva, Fernando"|[[Fernando Silva (distance runner)|Fernando Silva]]
|M
|M
|{{POR}}
|{{flagu|Portugal}}
|Cross country running
|Cross country running
|29 Oct. 2011
|29 Oct. 2011
Line 998: Line 997:
|data-sort-value="Syreva, Olesya"|[[Olesya Syreva]]
|data-sort-value="Syreva, Olesya"|[[Olesya Syreva]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|1500 m, 3000 m.
|1500 m, 3000 m.
|3 March 2011
|3 March 2011
Line 1,009: Line 1,008:
|data-sort-value="Timofeyeva, Irina"|[[Irina Timofeyeva]]
|data-sort-value="Timofeyeva, Irina"|[[Irina Timofeyeva]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Marathon
|Marathon
|10 Oct. 2009
|10 Oct. 2009
Line 1,020: Line 1,019:
|[[Wang Jiali]]
|[[Wang Jiali]]
|F
|F
|{{CHN}}
|{{flagu|China}}
|Marathon
|Marathon
|29 May 2012
|29 May 2012
Line 1,038: Line 1,037:
|6 March 2013
|6 March 2013
|5 March 2016
|5 March 2016
|<ref name="IAAF News 164">{{cite web|url= http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=677a970c-4889-4a0e-a0dd-8780aae3528f.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20164| title= IAAF News Issue 164, Positive cases in athletics Sanctioned according to information received by the IAAF as of 26 June 2015| website = iaaf.org | publisher = IAAF| accessdate = 9 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="IAAF list July 2015">{{cite web
|<ref name="IAAF News 164">{{cite web|url= http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=677a970c-4889-4a0e-a0dd-8780aae3528f.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20164| title= IAAF News Issue 164, Positive cases in athletics Sanctioned according to information received by the IAAF as of 26 June 2015| website = iaaf.org | publisher = IAAF| access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="IAAF list July 2015">{{cite web
| url= http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=ea9ed1d4-26dd-4c22-b4c6-baf56f63d68d.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20anti-doping%20rule%20violation%20under%20IAAF%20rules| title = Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 09.07.15| website = iaaf.org| publisher = IAAF| accessdate = 9 July 2015}}</ref>
| url= http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=ea9ed1d4-26dd-4c22-b4c6-baf56f63d68d.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20anti-doping%20rule%20violation%20under%20IAAF%20rules| title = Athletes currently suspended from all competitions in athletics following an Anti-Doping Rule Violation as at: 09.07.15| website = iaaf.org| publisher = IAAF| access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>
<ref>Court of Arbitration for Sport: [http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3373.pdf Nevin Yanit's suspension increased from 2 years to 3 years], cas-tas.org, 6 March 2015</ref>
<ref>Court of Arbitration for Sport: [http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_3373.pdf Nevin Yanit's suspension increased from 2 years to 3 years], cas-tas.org, 6 March 2015</ref>
|-
|-
|data-sort-value="Yerokhin, Igor"|[[Igor Yerokhin]]
|data-sort-value="Yerokhin, Igor"|[[Igor Yerokhin]]
|M
|M
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Race walking
|Race walking
|25 Feb. 2011
|25 Feb. 2011
Line 1,066: Line 1,065:
|data-sort-value="Yulamanova, Nailiya"|[[Nailiya Yulamanova]]
|data-sort-value="Yulamanova, Nailiya"|[[Nailiya Yulamanova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Marathon
|Marathon
|
|
Line 1,077: Line 1,076:
|data-sort-value="Zaripova, Yuliya"|[[Yuliya Zaripova]]
|data-sort-value="Zaripova, Yuliya"|[[Yuliya Zaripova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|Steeplechase
|Steeplechase
|20 July 2011
|20 July 2011
Line 1,088: Line 1,087:
|data-sort-value="Zinurova, Yevgeniya"|[[Yevgeniya Zinurova]]
|data-sort-value="Zinurova, Yevgeniya"|[[Yevgeniya Zinurova]]
|F
|F
|{{RUS}}
|{{flagu|Russia}}
|800 m.
|800 m.
|6 March 2010
|6 March 2010
Line 1,098: Line 1,097:
|-
|-
|}
|}
<!-- <ref>{{cite web|url=|title=|date=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref>{{cite web}}</ref> -->


In March 2014 the Spanish athletics federation cleared [[Marta Dominguez]] in a bio passport case. ''[[El Pais]]'' reported that IAAF were going to take the case to CAS.<ref>[http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/03/20/inenglish/1395332484_393699.html Spanish athletics federation acquits Marta Domínguez in doping probe], El Pais, 20 March 2014</ref>
In March 2014, the Spanish athletics federation cleared [[Marta Dominguez]] in a bio passport case. ''[[El País]]'' reported that IAAF were going to take the case to CAS.<ref>[http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/03/20/inenglish/1395332484_393699.html Spanish athletics federation acquits Marta Domínguez in doping probe], ''El País'', 20 March 2014</ref>
In February 2014 IAAF announced they would appeal [[Aslı Çakır Alptekin]]s ABP related doping case to CAS after the Turkish federation had cleared her. IAAF also suspended her provisionally.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://espn.go.com/olympics/trackandfield/story/_/id/10449957/iaaf-appeals-taf-decision-clear-asli-cakir-alptekin | work=Associated Press | title=Asli Cakir Alptekin again banned | date=13 February 2014}}</ref> An IAAF spokesperson in January 2015 confirmed that Russian race walker [[Sergey Bakulin]] was provisionally suspended since December 2012 in an ABP related doping case.<ref>Associated Press: [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11387859 Another Russian race-walker under scrutiny], New Zealand Herald, 17 January 2015</ref> IAAF otherwise doesn't publicly announce provisional suspensions. In February 2015 Turkish press reported that [[Ümmü Kiraz]], [[Bahar Doğan]], [[Semiha Mutlu]] and [[Meliz Redif]] were under investigation in bio passport cases.<ref>[http://cep.hurriyet.com.tr/detay/28322144 Bir doping vakası daha Uluslararası Atletizm Federasyonu (IAAF) ve Uluslararası Anti Doping Ajansı (WADA), Türkiye Atletizm Federasyonu'na 4 atletin biyolojik pasaportunda doping tespit ettiğini bildirdi. Alınan bilgilere göre bu sayı artabilir...], Hürriyet, 28 February 2015</ref>
In February 2014, IAAF announced they would appeal [[Aslı Çakır Alptekin]]'s ABP-related doping case to CAS after the Turkish federation had cleared her. IAAF also suspended her provisionally.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/trackandfield/story/_/id/10449957/iaaf-appeals-taf-decision-clear-asli-cakir-alptekin | agency=Associated Press| title=Asli Cakir Alptekin again banned | date=13 February 2014}}</ref> An IAAF spokesperson in January 2015 confirmed that Russian race walker [[Sergey Bakulin]] was provisionally suspended since December 2012 in an ABP related doping case.<ref>Associated Press: [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11387859 Another Russian race-walker under scrutiny], ''New Zealand Herald'', 17 January 2015</ref> IAAF otherwise doesn't publicly announce provisional suspensions. In February 2015 Turkish press reported that [[Ümmü Kiraz]], [[Bahar Doğan]], [[Semiha Mutlu]] and [[Meliz Redif]] were under investigation in bio passport cases.<ref>[http://cep.hurriyet.com.tr/detay/28322144 Bir doping vakası daha Uluslararası Atletizm Federasyonu (IAAF) ve Uluslararası Anti Doping Ajansı (WADA), Türkiye Atletizm Federasyonu'na 4 atletin biyolojik pasaportunda doping tespit ettiğini bildirdi. Alınan bilgilere göre bu sayı artabilir...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132431/http://cep.hurriyet.com.tr/detay/28322144 |date=2 April 2015 }}, Hürriyet, 28 February 2015</ref>


== Triathlon ==
== Triathlon ==
In 2012 [[USADA]] sanctioned the American [[triathlon|triathlete]] [[Mark Fretta]] "after variations in his individual longitudinal blood profile as well as other documentary evidence indicated the use of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents".<ref name=Fretta>{{cite web |url=http://www.usada.org/u-s-triathlon-athlete-fretta-receives-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/ |title=U.S. Triathlon Athlete, Fretta, Receives Sanction for Anti-Doping Rule Violation |publisher=USADA |date=9 November 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112102101/http://www.usada.org/u-s-triathlon-athlete-fretta-receives-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/
In 2012 [[USADA]] sanctioned the American [[triathlon|triathlete]] [[Mark Fretta]] "after variations in his individual longitudinal blood profile as well as other documentary evidence indicated the use of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents".<ref name=Fretta>{{cite web |url=http://www.usada.org/u-s-triathlon-athlete-fretta-receives-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/ |title=U.S. Triathlon Athlete, Fretta, Receives Sanction for Anti-Doping Rule Violation |publisher=USADA |date=9 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112102101/http://www.usada.org/u-s-triathlon-athlete-fretta-receives-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation/
|archivedate=12 November 2015 |url-status=live |accessdate=3 September 2016}}</ref> Fretta received a four-year ban,<ref name=Fretta/> and his results from 18 August 2010 onwards were annulled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://triathlon.competitor.com/2012/11/news/pro-mark-fretta-receives-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation_66197 |title=Pro Mark Fretta Receives Sanction For Anti-Doping Rule Violation |publisher=triathlon.competitor.com |date=10 November 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112102957/http://triathlon.competitor.com/2012/11/news/pro-mark-fretta-receives-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation_66197 |archivedate=12 November 2015 |url-status=dead |accessdate=3 September 2016 }}</ref>
|archive-date=12 November 2015 |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> Fretta received a four-year ban,<ref name=Fretta/> and his results from 18 August 2010 onwards were annulled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://triathlon.competitor.com/2012/11/news/pro-mark-fretta-receives-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation_66197 |title=Pro Mark Fretta Receives Sanction For Anti-Doping Rule Violation |publisher=triathlon.competitor.com |date=10 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112102957/http://triathlon.competitor.com/2012/11/news/pro-mark-fretta-receives-sanction-for-anti-doping-rule-violation_66197 |archive-date=12 November 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=3 September 2016 }}</ref>


== Football (soccer) ==
== Football (soccer) ==
In 2014, the biological passport was introduced in the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]]; [[blood]] and [[urine]] samples from all players before the competition and from two players per team and per match were analysed by the [[Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses]].<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://fr.m.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=dvorak-le-profil-biologique-une-approche-completement-nouvelle-2354963.html Anti-dopage. Dvorak : "Le profil biologique, une approche complètement nouvelle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312122242/http://fr.m.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=dvorak-le-profil-biologique-une-approche-completement-nouvelle-2354963.html |date=12 March 2017 }}, fifa.com (page visited on 11 June 2014).</ref>
In 2014, the biological passport was introduced in the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]]; blood and urine samples from all players before the competition and from two players per team and per match were analysed by the [[Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses]].<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://fr.m.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=dvorak-le-profil-biologique-une-approche-completement-nouvelle-2354963.html Anti-dopage. Dvorak : "Le profil biologique, une approche complètement nouvelle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312122242/http://fr.m.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=dvorak-le-profil-biologique-une-approche-completement-nouvelle-2354963.html |date=12 March 2017 }}, fifa.com (page visited on 11 June 2014).</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
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<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010">{{cite web
<ref name= "UCI sanction list 2010">{{cite web
| url = http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTA&LangId=1
| url = http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTA&LangId=1
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004541/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTA&LangId=1
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004541/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTA&LangId=1
| archivedate = 7 July 2011
| archive-date = 7 July 2011
| title = Sanctions, Period of Ineligibility, Disqualification (2010)
| title = Sanctions, Period of Ineligibility, Disqualification (2010)
| publisher = UCI
| publisher = UCI
| accessdate =
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011">{{cite web
<ref name="UCI sanction list 2011">{{cite web
| url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTE&LangId=1
| url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTE&LangId=1
| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102134214/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTE&LangId=1
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102134214/http://www.uci.ch/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTU3Mjg&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=NjY5MTE&LangId=1
| archivedate=2 November 2013
| archive-date=2 November 2013
|title=Sanctions, Period of Ineligibility, Disqualification (2011)
|title=Sanctions, Period of Ineligibility, Disqualification (2011)
|work= UCI Website
|work= UCI Website
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| website = iaaf.org
| website = iaaf.org
| publisher = IAAF
| publisher = IAAF
| accessdate = 30 October 2015
| access-date = 30 October 2015
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151029234134/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=45961ec6-ac54-47ad-b753-83daa9bbbcef.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20167
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151029234134/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=45961ec6-ac54-47ad-b753-83daa9bbbcef.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20167
| archivedate = 29 October 2015
| archive-date = 29 October 2015
| url-status = live
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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| website = iaaf.org
| website = iaaf.org
| publisher = IAAF
| publisher = IAAF
| accessdate = 30 October 2015
| access-date = 30 October 2015
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151029234009/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=6af91f84-56c1-4a3b-a662-11ce61013424.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20anti-doping%20rule%20violation%20under%20IAAF%20rules
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151029234009/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=6af91f84-56c1-4a3b-a662-11ce61013424.pdf&urlslug=List%20of%20athletes%20currently%20serving%20a%20period%20of%20ineligibility%20as%20a%20result%20of%20an%20anti-doping%20rule%20violation%20under%20IAAF%20rules
| archivedate=29 October 2015
| archive-date=29 October 2015
| url-status = live
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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|publisher = Track Arena
|publisher = Track Arena
|date = 25 October 2015
|date = 25 October 2015
|accessdate = 3 September 2016
|access-date = 3 September 2016
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151103164414/http://www.trackarena.com/23383/doping-four-more-turkish-athletes-banned-by-anti-doping
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151103164414/http://www.trackarena.com/23383/doping-four-more-turkish-athletes-banned-by-anti-doping
|archivedate=3 November 2015
|archive-date=3 November 2015
|url-status = live
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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| website = iaaf.org
| website = iaaf.org
| publisher = IAAF
| publisher = IAAF
| accessdate = 28 January 2016
| access-date = 28 January 2016
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160128152255/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=3efbe038-26e5-45a2-b285-cd2772f6b4c3.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20168
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160128152255/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=3efbe038-26e5-45a2-b285-cd2772f6b4c3.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20168
| archivedate = 28 January 2016
| archive-date = 28 January 2016
| url-status = live
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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| website = iaaf.org
| website = iaaf.org
| publisher = IAAF
| publisher = IAAF
| accessdate = 28 January 2016
| access-date = 28 January 2016
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160128144936/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=e7dcb201-a085-4587-9a46-c919b2430070.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20169
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160128144936/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=e7dcb201-a085-4587-9a46-c919b2430070.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20169
| archivedate = 28 January 2016
| archive-date = 28 January 2016
| url-status = live
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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| url = http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_announce_decision.pdf
| url = http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_announce_decision.pdf
| publisher =The Court of Arbitration for Sport
| publisher =The Court of Arbitration for Sport
| accessdate = 24 August 2016
| access-date = 24 August 2016
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160406051939/http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_announce_decision.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160406051939/http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_announce_decision.pdf
| archivedate = 6 April 2016
| archive-date = 6 April 2016
| url-status = live
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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| website = iaaf.org
| website = iaaf.org
| publisher = IAAF
| publisher = IAAF
| accessdate = 25 August 2016
| access-date = 25 August 2016
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143812/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=f10ad7f8-b950-4ec5-ad58-789e464312de.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20170
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143812/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=f10ad7f8-b950-4ec5-ad58-789e464312de.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20170
| archivedate = 10 March 2016
| archive-date = 10 March 2016
| url-status = live
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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| website = iaaf.org
| website = iaaf.org
| publisher = IAAF
| publisher = IAAF
| accessdate = 27 August 2016
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| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160407225419/http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=2f6ecfaa-66b5-4d82-8363-de03b7613b99.pdf&urlslug=Doping%20sanctions%20-%20News%20171
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Latest revision as of 18:33, 12 September 2024

"Biological passport" redirects here. Not to be confused with Biometric passport.
Part of a series on
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An athlete biological passport is an individual electronic record for professional athletes, in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results of doping tests are collated over a period of time. Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athlete's established levels outside permissible limits, rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances.[1]

Although the terminology athlete passport is recent, the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping. Maybe the first marker of doping that tries to detect a prohibited substance not based on its presence in urine or blood but instead the induced deviations in biological parameters is the testosterone over epitestosterone ratio (T/E). The T/E has been used by sports authorities since the beginning of the 1980s to detect anabolic steroids in urine samples. A decade later, in 1997, markers of blood doping were introduced by some international federations, such as the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and the Federation Internationale de Ski, to deter the abuse of recombinant erythropoietin that was undetectable by direct means at that time.

In 2002 the concept of using biological markers to detect doping became known by the term "athlete passport". The advantages were listed in a science journal paper.[2] and the terminology adopted by the World Anti-Doping agency.[3]

While a new drug test must be developed and validated for each new drug, the advantage of the athlete passport is that it is based on the natural stability of the physiology of the human being. There can be a lag of between the availability of a new drug and the development of an effective test. In contrast, the physiology of the human being remains the same through several generations and all biomarkers developed today in the athlete passport will remain valid for at least several decades. For example, the blood module of the passport is already sensitive today to any new future form of recombinant erythropoietin, as well as to any form of gene doping that will enhance oxygen transfer to the muscles. Also, while a negative drug test does not necessarily mean that the athlete did not dope, the athlete can present their passport at the beginning of a competition to attest that they will compete in their natural, unaltered condition.

The athlete passport was widely covered in the media when the blood module was established at the beginning of the 2008 racing season by the world cycling federation, the UCI.[4] In May 2008 the UCI revealed that 23 riders were under suspicion of doping following the first phase of blood tests conducted under the new biological passport.[5]

The blood module of the athlete passport aims to detect any form of blood doping, the steroid module any form of doping with anabolic steroid and the endocrine module any modification of the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis. Each of these modules are however at different steps of development, validation and application in sports.

Athlete biological passport testing

[edit]

According to the World Anti-Doping Agency, the athlete biological passport is administered to establish whether an athlete is manipulating their physiological variables without detecting a particular substance or method. The biological passport uses the standardized approach of urine sampling to determine steroid abuse. The objective of this testing is to identify athletes in a haematological module and a steroidal module.

The haematological module tests for certain markers in the body that identify the enhancement of oxygen transport. The specific markers the module tests for include haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell count, percentage of reticulocytes, reticulocytes count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean red cell distribution width, and immature reticulocyte fraction.

The steroidal module collects information on markers for steroid doping and aims to identify endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids. The specific markers the module tests for include testosterone, epitestosterone, the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio, androsterone, and etiocholanolone.[6]

The World Anti-Doping Agency recently released the 2014 Prohibited Substances list and it will take effect on 1 January. In the new list, the agency modified the definitions of exogenous and endogenous steroids being tested for in the steroidal module of the biological passport.[7]

Cycling

[edit]
Ricardo Serrano was one of the five first riders that UCI opened a biological passport case against, in 2009.[8]

Whereabouts rules

[edit]
See also: World Anti-Doping Agency § Whereabouts rule

Under the new rules, registered riders have to give the Union Cycliste Internationale daily information about their location and provide a one-hour window for possible testing. They have to submit a form every quarter-year saying where they will be every day of the next quarter and they must notify the UCI if they change their whereabouts on any day. This means the whereabouts information provided in the whereabouts filings is accurate and sufficient in detail to enable any relevant Anti-Doping Organization to locate the riders for testing on any given day in that period of time.[9]

Cyclists sanctioned on basis of biological passports

[edit]

The biological passport programme has allowed the UCI to sanction riders for committing an anti-doping rule violation. Riders have also been targeted with further doping controls based on their biological passport.

Name Team Country Event Start of disqualification Sanction Sanction
announced 		Ineligibility starting Ineligibility ending Reference(s)
António Amorim  Portugal Road racing 24 July 2010 2 years ineligibility 10 July 2013 14 April 2015 [10][11]
Igor Astarloa Team Milram  Spain Road racing 15 Aug. 2009 2 years ineligibility 1 Dec. 2010 26 Nov. 2010 25 Nov. 2012 [12][13][14][15]
Carlos Barredo Quick-Step, Rabobank  Spain Road racing 17 Oct. 2007
–24 Sept. 2011,
only 		2 years ineligibility July 2014 18 Oct 2012 17 Oct 2014 [16]
Leonardo Bertagnolli Liquigas, Androni Giocattoli, Lampre–ISD  Italy Road racing 1 Jan. 2003
–18 May 2011 		2 years and 10 months ineligibility July 2014 24 Nov. 2013 [16]
Pietro Caucchioli Crédit Agricole  Italy Road racing 18 June 2009 2 years ineligibility 3 June 2010 18 June 2009 17 June 2011 [15][17][18]
Francesco De Bonis Gerolsteiner, Diquigiovanni–Androni  Italy Road racing 18 June 2009 2 years ineligibility May 2010 18 June 2009 17 June 2011 [15][19][20]
Leif Hoste Omega Pharma–Lotto  Belgium Road racing 2 years ineligibility 29 Mar. 2013 29 Dec. 2015 [16]
Rubén Lobato Saunier Duval–Scott  Spain Road racing 16 July 2010 2 years ineligibility July 2010 16 July 2010 15 July 2012 [15][21][22]
Denis Menchov Rabobank, Team Katusha  Russia Road racing 2009, 2010 & 2012 TdF,
only 		2 years ineligibility July 2014 10 April 2014 9 April 2015 [16]
Franco Pellizotti Liquigas  Italy Road racing 7 May 2009 2 years ineligibility March 2011 3 May 2010 2 May 2012 [18][23]
Sérgio Ribeiro  Portugal Road racing 12 years ineligibility (2nd ARDV) 14 July 2025 [24]
Ricardo Serrano Tinkoff Credit Systems  Spain Road racing 7 May 2009 2 years ineligibility 17 June 2010 7 May 2009 6 May 2011 [15][25]
Jonathan Tiernan-Locke Endura Racing/Team Sky  United Kingdom Road racing 2012 Tour of Britain & 2012 UCI Worlds,
only 		2 years ineligibility July 2014 31 Dec. 2013 31 Dec. 2015 [26]
Tadej Valjavec Ag2r–La Mondiale  Slovenia Road racing 19 April
–30 Sept. 2009,
only 		2 years ineligibility April 2011 20 Jan. 2011 19 Jan. 2013 [23][27]

During the first three years of UCI's bio passport program 26 riders were found positive for EPO. In 20 out of the 26 cases, it was the abnormal blood profile which raised suspicions leading to a targeted doping test.[28]

  • Manuel Beltrán (Liquigas) tested positive for EPO at the 2008 Tour de France in a targeted test after anomalies appeared in a blood sample taken at the start of the Tour. The pre Tour blood samples were collected by the French Anti-doping Agency (AFLD) and the results from the testings were submitted to the UCI to form part of their database of profiles for their biological passport programme.[29]
  • Gabriele Bosisio (LPR Brakes-Ballan) tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control in September 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme. He received a two-year sanction.[30]
  • Antonio Colom (Team Katusha) tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control in April 2009, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme. He received a two-year sanction.[31]
  • Thomas Dekker (Rabobank) tested positive for EPO in a retroactive test carried out on a urine sample taken in December 2007. Dekker's hematological profile led the UCI to review the EPO analyses for urine samples conducted since the introduction of the biological passport programme.[15][32]
  • Danilo Di Luca (LPR Brakes-Ballan) tested positive for CERA twice during the 2009 Giro d'Italia after being targeted under the biological passport programme.[33][34]
  • Alberto Fernández de la Puebla (Fuji–Servetto) tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control in October 2009, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.[35] He received a two-year sanction.[36]
  • David George (MTB) tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control 29 August 2012, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme of the South African Institute for Drug-Free Sport (the South African national Anti-doping agency). He admitted to having used EPO and received a two-year sanction.[37][38]
  • Massimo Giunti (Androni Giocattoli) tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control in February 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.[39] He received a two-year sanction.[40]
  • Eddy Ratti (De Rosa-Stac Plastic) tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control in January 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.[41] He received a two-year sanction.[42]
  • Manuel Vázquez Hueso (Andalucía-Cajasur) tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition control in March 2010, after having been targeted under the biological passport programme.[43] He received a two-year sanction.

Athletics

[edit]

The International Association of Athletics Federations, now known as World Athletics, introduced their Athletes Biological Passport programme in 2009, and announced the first sanction under the passport in May 2012.[44][45] The Portuguese marathon runner Hélder Ornelas became the first track and field athlete to get suspended for doping based on the biological passport.[44][45][46] He received a four-year suspension in May 2012.[47]

Track and field athletes sanctioned on basis of biological passports

[edit]
Name Country Event Date of infraction/
Start of disqualification 		Sanction Sanction
announced 		Ineligibility
starting 		Ineligibility
ending 		Reference(s)
Inga Abitova F  Russia Marathon 10 Oct. 2009 2 years ineligibility 7 Nov. 2012 11 Oct 2012 10 Oct. 2014 [47][48]
Anna Alminova F  Russia 1500 m 16 Feb. 2009 2 years and 6 months ineligibility 30 July 2014 16 Dec. 2011 15 May 2014 [49]
Aslı Çakır Alptekin F  Turkey 1500 m 29 July 2010 8 years ineligibility (2nd ADRV) 17 Aug. 2015 10 Jan. 2013 9 Jan. 2021 [50][51][52]
Elena Arzhakova F  Russia 800 m, 1500 m 12 July 2011 2 years ineligibility 30 April 2013 29 Jan. 2013 28 Jan. 2015 [47][53]
Ahmed Baday M  Morocco Long-distance 26 March 2010 2 years ineligibility 6 March 2015 31 Dec. 2014 30 Dec. 2016 [54][55]
Sergey Bakulin M  Russia Race walking 25 Jan. 2011 3 years and 2 months ineligibility 20 Jan. 2015 24 Dec. 2012 [56][57][58]
Yassine Bensghir M  Morocco Middle-distance 7 June 2014 4 years ineligibility 25 July 2016 12 April. 2016 11 April 2020 [59]
Alemitu Bekele F  Turkey 5000 m 17 Aug. 2009 2 years and 9 months ineligibility (Reduced from 4 years[60][61]) 16 Jan. 2013 3 March 2012 2 Jan. 2015 [47][62]
Petr Bogatyrev M  Russia Race walking 12 July 2011 2 years ineligibility 26 March 2014 16 Oct. 2013 15 Oct. 2015 [47][62]
Valeriy Borchin M  Russia Race walking 14 Aug. 2009 8 years ineligibility 20 Jan. 2015 15 Oct. 2012 [56][57][58]
Abderrahime Bouramdane M  Morocco Marathon 14 March 2011 2 years ineligibility 28 Oct. 2015 2 Oct. 2015 1 Oct. 2017 [63][64]
Yolanda Caballero F  Colombia Middle-/long-distance 24 Oct. 2011 4 years ineligibility 25 May. 2016 28 April. 2014 27 April 2018 [65]
Hafid Chani M  Morocco Long-distance 19 March 2011 4 years ineligibility 26 June 2015 11 March 2015 10 March 2019 [66][67]
Bahar Doğan F  Turkey Marathon 3 June 2011 2 years and 6 months ineligibility 25 Oct. 2015 31 March 2015 30 Sept. 2017 [68][69]
Marta Dominguez F  Spain Steeplechase 5 Aug. 2009 3 years ineligibility 19 Nov. 2015 24 June 2015 12 Oct. 2017 [69][70]
Hamza Driouch M  Qatar 800 m, 1500 m. 2 Aug. 2012 2 years ineligibility 24 Feb. 2015 31 Dec. 2014 30 Dec. 2016 [71][72]
Aliaksandra Dublia F  Belarus Marathon 11 Oct. 2013 2 years ineligibility 27 Jan. 2016 28 Sept. 2015 27 Sept. 2017 [73]
Stanislav Emelyanov M  Russia Race walking 26 July 2010 2 years ineligibility 28 July 2014 15 Dec. 2012 14 Dec. 2014 [74][75]
Rkia El Moukim M  Morocco Middle-/long-distance 19 March 2011 2 years ineligibility 19 Feb. 2016 19 Feb. 2016 18 Feb. 2018 [76]
Najim El Qady M  Morocco Long-distance 19 March 2011 2 years ineligibility 24 June 2016 8 June. 2016 7 June 2018 [77]
Meryem Erdoğan F  Turkey Long-distance 27 July 2010 2 years ineligibility 25 July 2012 14 Feb. 2014 [45][78]
Miguel Ángel Gamonal M  Spain Half marathon 3 years ineligibility (2nd ADRV) 28 Oct. 2015 26 Oct. 2015 25 Oct. 2018 [63]
Abderrahim Goumri M  Morocco Marathon 22 April 2009 4 years ineligibility 25 July 2012 14 March 2016[a] [45][78]
Yelizaveta Grechishnikova F  Russia 5000 m 18 Aug. 2009 2 years ineligibility 3 Dec. 2013 16 Oct. 2013 15 Oct. 2015 [47][79]
Lidiya Grigoryeva F  Russia Long-distance 17 Feb. 2009 2 years and 6 months ineligibility 24 June 2016 16 Feb. 2016 15 Aug. 2018 [77]
Halima Hachlaf F  Morocco 800 m. 14 Oct. 2013 4 years ineligibility 24 April 2014 19 Dec. 2013 18 Dec. 2017 [47][80]
Tetyana Hamera-Shmyrko F  Ukraine Marathon 26 Aug. 2011 4 years ineligibility 20 Nov. 2015 30 Sept. 2015 29 Sept. 2019 [69][81]
Hussain Al-Hamdah M  Saudi Arabia 5000 m. 26 March 2009 2 years and 6 months ineligibility 25 Feb. 2015 15 Feb. 2013 14 Aug. 2015 [72][82]
Ekaterina Ishova (née Gorbunova) F  Russia 1500 m, 3000 m, 5000 m. 12. July 2011 2 years ineligibility 3 Dec. 2013 23 Oct. 2013 22 Oct. 2015 [47][79]
Stéphane Joly M   Switzerland Cross country 14 Oct. 2010 2 years ineligibility 5 June 2013 29 April 2013 28 April 2015 [83][84]
Vladimir Kanaykin M  Russia Race walking 25 January 2011 8 years 20 Jan. 2015 17 Dec. 2012 16 Dec. 2020 [56][57][58]
Olga Kaniskina F  Russia Race walking 15 August 2009 3 years and 2 months ineligibility 20 Jan. 2015 15 Oct. 2012 [56][57][58]
Natallia Kareiva F  Belarus 1500 m. 28 July 2010 2 years ineligibility 29 Sept. 2014 22 Aug. 2014 21 Aug. 2016 [47][85][86]
Ümmü Kiraz F  Turkey Marathon 3 June 2011 2 years and 6 months ineligibility 25 Oct. 2015 31 March 2015 30 Sept. 2017 [68][69]
Svetlana Kireyeva F  Russia Long-distance 26 June 2012 2 years ineligibility 27 Jan. 2016 4 June 2015 3 June 2017 [73]
Sergey Kirdyapkin M  Russia Race walking 20 August 2009 3 years and 2 months ineligibility 20 Jan. 2015 15 Oct. 2012 [56][57][58]
Svetlana Klyuka F  Russia 800 m. 15 Aug. 2009 2 years ineligibility 25 July 2012 9 Feb. 2014 [45][78]
Eirini Kokkinariou F  Greece Steeplechase 2 July 2009 4 years ineligibility 25 July 2012 27 Oct. 2011 26 Oct. 2015 [47][48]
Mariya Konovalova F  Russia Marathon Aug. 2009 2 years ineligibility 5 Nov. 2015 27 Oct. 2015 26 Oct. 2017 [69][87][88]
Yekaterina Kostetskaya F  Russia 800 m, 1500 m. 30 Aug. 2011 2 years ineligibility 28 July 2014 21 Jan. 2013 20 Jan. 2015 [74][75]
Alena Kudashkina F  Russia Long-distance 9 July 2012 2 years and 6 months ineligibility 24 June 2016 23 Sept. 2015 22 March 2018 [77]
Abdelhadi Labäli M  Morocco Middle-distance 9 July 2012 2 years ineligibility 25 May. 2016 27 April. 2016 26 April 2018 [65]
Mikhail Lemaev M  Russia Marathon 20 Aug. 2009 2 years ineligibility 26 Feb. 2013 30 Jan. 2013 29 Jan. 2015 [47][89]
Anna Lukyanova F  Russia Race walking 19 July 2010 2 years ineligibility 19 Feb. 2016 26 Nov. 2015 25 Nov. 2017 [76]
Irina Maracheva F  Russia 800 m. 26 June 2012 2 years ineligibility 19 Feb. 2016 23 Jan. 2015 22 Jan. 2017 [76]
Ildar Minshin M  Russia Steeplechase 15 Aug. 2009 2 years ineligibility 21 Sept. 2016 25 Aug. 2016 24 Aug. 2018 [90]
Anna Mishchenko F  Ukraine 800 m./1500m./3000 m. 28 June 2012 2 years ineligibility 19 Feb. 2016 18 Aug. 2015 17 Aug. 2017 [76]
Tatyana Mineeva F  Russia Race walking 12 Nov. 2011 2 years ineligibility 14 Dec. 2012 16 Nov. 2014 [47]
Marco Morgado M  Portugal Cross country running 29 Oct. 2011 6 years ineligibility 25 Feb. 2014 24 Feb. 2013 24 Feb. 2019 [47][91]
Sergey Morozov M  Russia Race walking 25 Feb. 2011 Life ban 18 Dec. 2012 Life ban
(2nd ARDV) 		[47]
Semiha Mutlu F  Turkey Race walking 20 Aug. 2011 2 years and 6 months ineligibility 25 Oct. 2015 3 March 2015 2 Sept. 2017 [68][69]
Maria Nikolaeva F  Russia 400 m./800 m. 18 Feb. 2015 4 years ineligibility 19 Feb. 2016 1 Oct. 2015 30 Sept. 2019 [76]
Ilja Nikolajev M  Estonia Marathon 16 April 2013 2 years ineligibility 12 May 2015 3 Feb. 2015 2 Feb. 2017 [92][93]
Maksym Cerrone Obrubanskyy M  Italy 1500 m, 3000 m. 5000 m. 17 Feb. 2013 4 years ineligibility 25 Feb. 2014 30 May 2013 29 May 2017 [47][91]
Nina Okhotnikova F  Russia Race walking 21 June 2011
–17 Nov. 2011 		2 years ineligibility 17 March 2015 22 Jan. 2015 21 Jan. 2017 [93][94][95]
Hélder Ornelas M  Portugal Marathon 8 March 2010 4 years ineligibility 2 May 2012 12 Jan. 2016 [45][47]
Hanane Ouhaddou F  Morocco Steeplechase 14 August 2009 2 years ineligibility 7 June 2014 [96]
Tetiana Petlyuk F  Ukraine 800 m. 18 Aug. 2009 2 years ineligibility 5 April 2013 19 Feb. 2015 [47]
Meliz Redif F  Turkey 400 m. 26 June 2012 3 years ineligibility 25 Oct. 2015 31 March 2015 30 March 2018 [68][69]
José Rocha M  Portugal Long-distance 11 Dec. 2010 2 years ineligibility 28 Feb. 2014 25 March 2013 24 March 2015 [47][97]
Yuliya Ruban F  Ukraine Marathon 8 March 2012 2 years ineligibility 29 May 2015 25 Feb. 2015 24 Feb. 2017 [93]
Yuliya Rusanova F  Russia 800 m. 3 March 2011 2 years ineligibility 26 Feb. 2013 28 Jan. 2013 27 Jan. 2015 [47][89]
Andrey Ruzavin M  Russia Race walking 18 Dec. 2011
–18 Feb. 2012
13 Sept. 2013
–13 Nov 2013 		2 years and 6 months ineligibility 17 March 2015 9 Oct. 2014 8 April 2017 [93][94][95][98]
Pınar Saka F  Turkey 400 m. 18 June 2010 3 years ineligibility 28 Jan. 2014 3 June 2013 2 June 2016 [47][97]
Mohammed Shaween M  Saudi Arabia 1500 m. 12 June 2011 3 years ineligibility 28 July 2014 13 Feb. 2013 12 Feb. 2016 [74][75]
Anzhelika Shevchenko F  Ukraine 1500 m. 2 July 2011 2 years ineligibility 5 April 2013 17 Feb. 2015 [47]
Liliya Shobukhova F  Russia Marathon 9 Oct. 2009 2 years and 7 months (Reduced from 3 years and 2 months by WADA after first being extended from 2 years by CAS) 29 April 2014 22 Jan. 2013 23 Aug. 2015 [99][100][101][102]
Fernando Silva M  Portugal Cross country running 29 Oct. 2011 8 years ineligibility 26 Feb. 2014 24 Sept. 2013 23 Sept. 2021 [47][91]
Svitlana Shmidt F  Ukraine Middle-distance 8 March 2012 4 years ineligibility 30 April 2015 17 March 2015 16 March 2019 [93][103]
Olesya Syreva F  Russia 1500 m, 3000 m. 3 March 2011 2 years ineligibility 26 Feb. 2013 1 Feb. 2013 31 Jan. 2015 [47][89]
Irina Timofeyeva F  Russia Marathon 10 Oct. 2009 2 years ineligibility 21 Sept. 2016 6 Sept. 2016 5 Sept. 2018 [90]
Wang Jiali F  China Marathon 29 May 2012 2 years ineligibility 25 Feb. 2014 26 Feb. 2013 25 Feb. 2015 [47][91]
Nevin Yanit F  Turkey Sprinting, hurdling 28 June 2012 3 years ineligibility 6 March 2015 6 March 2013 5 March 2016 [66][67]

[104]

Igor Yerokhin M  Russia Race walking 25 Feb. 2011 Life ban 24 Sept. 2013 Life ban
(2nd ARDV) 		[47][105]
Lyudmyla Yosypenko F  Ukraine Heptathlon 25 Aug. 2011 4 years ineligibility 24 Sept. 2013 27 March 2013 26 March 2017 [47][105]
Nailiya Yulamanova F  Russia Marathon 2 years ineligibility 25 July 2012 9 Feb. 2014 [45][78]
Yuliya Zaripova F  Russia Steeplechase 20 July 2011 2 years and 6 months ineligibility 30 Jan. 2015 25 July 2013 [57][58][106]
Yevgeniya Zinurova F  Russia 800 m. 6 March 2010 2 years ineligibility 25 July 2012 12 Sept. 2013 [45][78]

In March 2014, the Spanish athletics federation cleared Marta Dominguez in a bio passport case. El País reported that IAAF were going to take the case to CAS.[107] In February 2014, IAAF announced they would appeal Aslı Çakır Alptekin's ABP-related doping case to CAS after the Turkish federation had cleared her. IAAF also suspended her provisionally.[108] An IAAF spokesperson in January 2015 confirmed that Russian race walker Sergey Bakulin was provisionally suspended since December 2012 in an ABP related doping case.[109] IAAF otherwise doesn't publicly announce provisional suspensions. In February 2015 Turkish press reported that Ümmü Kiraz, Bahar Doğan, Semiha Mutlu and Meliz Redif were under investigation in bio passport cases.[110]

Triathlon

[edit]

In 2012 USADA sanctioned the American triathlete Mark Fretta "after variations in his individual longitudinal blood profile as well as other documentary evidence indicated the use of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents".[111] Fretta received a four-year ban,[111] and his results from 18 August 2010 onwards were annulled.[112]

Football (soccer)

[edit]

In 2014, the biological passport was introduced in the 2014 FIFA World Cup; blood and urine samples from all players before the competition and from two players per team and per match were analysed by the Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses.[113]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ A. Goumri died in a car crash in January 2013

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses. "Information on the athlete biological passport". Archived from the original on 12 September 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  2. ^ Ashenden M. (March 2002). "A strategy to detect doping in sports". Haematologica. 87 (3): 225–32. PMID 11869930.
  3. ^ "Q-A on the athlete passport". World Anti-Doping Agency. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010.
  4. ^ "Implementation of blood passport by UCI". UCI. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012.
  5. ^ Richard Moore (3 May 2008). "Blood tests cast doubt on 23 riders". The Guardian.
  6. ^ "Ressources" (PDF). Agence mondiale antidopage. 22 July 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  7. ^ "Ressources" (PDF). Agence mondiale antidopage. 22 July 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  8. ^ Gregor Brown: UCI names first five biological passport violators, cyclingnews.com, 18 June 2009
  9. ^ http://www.uci.ch/includes/asp/getTarget.asp?type=FILE&id=NDc3MDk[permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ Ciclista António Amorim suspenso devido à irregularidades no passaporte biológico, expresso.sapo.pt, 10 July 2013
  11. ^ Amorim bio-passport 10/07/2013 Violation #1101, dopeology.org
  12. ^ Barry Ryan (December 2010). "Astarloa suspended and fined for UCI biological passport infraction". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  13. ^ Andrew Hood: Former world champion Igor Astarloa suspended and fined based on ‘biological passport’ doping charges, velonews.com, 1 December 2010
  14. ^ UCI: Press release – Biological Passport: Igor Astarloa Askasibar sanctioned, uci.ch, 1 December 2010
  15. ^ a b c d e f "Sanctions, Period of Ineligibility, Disqualification (2010)". UCI. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011.
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