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{{Short description|2020-2022 global pandemic in Australia}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Australia}}
{{Update|date=January 2022|inaccurate=yes|reason=Australia's strategy has since changed, vaccination rollout expanded and community transmission more widespread. Lead particularly needs major updates}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Australian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Australian English|date=February 2020}}
<!-- This article is written in [[Australian English]]. Please do not change it without broad consensus. -->
<!-- This article is written in [[Australian English]]. Please do not change it without broad consensus. -->
{{Infobox outbreak

{{Infobox pandemic
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
| map1 = COVID-19 outbreak Australia per capita cases map.svg
| image =
| image_size =
| legend1 = Confirmed cases per 100,000 residents by state or territory
| image_upright =
| map2 = COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Australia (Density).svg
| legend2 = Confirmed cases of COVID-19 by state or territory
| alt =
| caption =
{{legend|#550000|5000+ confirmed cases}}
<!--Maps are hidden because they are out of date or do not display the most recent data-->
{{legend|darkred|500–4999 confirmed cases}}
<!--| map1 = [[File:Australia case per capita 06-08-2022.png|300px|]]
{{legend|#d40000|50–499 confirmed cases}}
| legend1 = Total confirmed cases per 100,000 residents by state or territory ({{as of|2022|8|06|lc=y}})
{{legend|#FF6666|5–49 confirmed cases}}
| map2 = [[File:Australia active case per capita 06-08-2022.png|300px|]]
{{legend|#FF9999|1–4 confirmed cases}}
| legend2 = Active cases per 100,000 residents by state or territory ({{as of|2022|8|06|lc=y}})-->
| disease = [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]]
| map3 =
| virus_strain = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = [[Australia]]
| legend3 =
| first_case = [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]
| disease = [[COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[SARS-CoV-2]]
| location = Australia
| first_outbreak = [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], China
| first_reported = <!-- Media or historical report, (evidence of prior circulation) -->
| index_case = [[Melbourne, Victoria]]
| arrival_date = 25 January 2020<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=01|day1=25|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}})
| arrival_date = 25 January 2020<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=01|day1=25|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}})
| origin = [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], China
| date = {{as of|2023| 1 | 12}}
| source = <!-- Animal or other reservoir -->
| recovery_cases = 12,774<ref name="health-current-status">{{cite web|url=https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert/coronavirus-covid-19-current-situation-and-case-numbers|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) current situation and case numbers |website=health.gov.au |publisher=Autralian Department of Health|date=12 August 2020|accessdate=12 August 2020}} ({{N.b.}} The data on this site changes daily.)</ref>
| confirmed_cases = {{COVID-19 data/Text|AU|cases}}
| deaths = 352<ref name="health-current-status" />
| confirmed_cases = 22,127<ref name="health-current-status" />
| active_cases = 79,112 <!-- (was 30,419??) --> (estimated)<ref name="health-current-status"/>
| suspected_cases =
| active_cases = 8,195<ref name="health-current-status" />
| severe_cases =
| fatality_rate = {{Percentage|352|22127|2}}
| hospitalized_cases = 685<ref name="health-current-status" />
| hospitalised_cases = 5,025<ref name="health-current-status"/>
| critical_cases = 51<ref name="health-current-status" />
| critical_cases = 419<ref name="health-current-status"/>
| ventilator_cases = 117<ref name="health-current-status"/>
| ecmo_cases =
| recovery_cases = 10,541,594 (estimated)<ref name="health-current-status"/>
| deaths = 19,265<ref name="Coronavirus Pandemic COVID-19">{{#invoke:Cite journal ||last1=Mathieu |first1=Edouard |last2=Ritchie |first2=Hannah |last3=Rodés-Guirao |first3=Lucas |last4=Appel |first4=Cameron |last5=Giattino |first5=Charlie |last6=Hasell |first6=Joe |last7=Macdonald |first7=Bobbie |last8=Dattani |first8=Saloni |last9=Beltekian |first9=Diana |last10=Ortiz-Ospina |first10=Esteban |last11=Roser |first11=Max |date=5 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) |url=https://ourworldindata.org/covid-deaths |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref>
| fatality_rate = {{Percentage| 16,090 | 10,541,594 |2}} <!-- deaths | recoveries (only include cases with an outcome)-->
| test_positivity_rate = 21.75% (7-day average)<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Macali |first1=Anthony |title=Daily Positive Test Rate in Australia - COVID LIVE |url=https://covidlive.com.au/report/daily-positive-test-rate/aus |website=covidlive.com.au |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>
| territories =
| website = {{URL|https://www.health.gov.au/covid-19}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.health.gov.au/covid-19}}
| vaccinations = {{ublist
}}{{Citations broken from PEIS limit|date=August 2020}}
| {{COVID-19 data/Text|AU|total_vaccinated}} (total vaccinated)
The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Australia''' is part of the ongoing [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of the [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). The first confirmed case in [[Australia]] was identified on 25 January 2020, in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], when a man who had returned from [[Wuhan]], China, tested positive for the virus.<ref name=Case1/>
| {{COVID-19 data/Text|AU|fully_vaccinated}} (fully vaccinated)
| {{COVID-19 data/Text|AU|vaccine_doses}} (doses administered)
}}
}}
The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Australia''' was a part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of the coronavirus disease 2019 (<span class="nowrap">[[COVID-19]]</span>) caused by [[SARS-CoV-2|severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (<span class="nowrap">SARS-CoV-2</span>). The first confirmed case in [[Australia]] was identified on 25 January 2020, in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], when a man who had returned from [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]] Province, [[China]], tested positive for the virus.<ref name="Case1">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=25 January 2020 |title=First confirmed case of novel coronavirus in Australia |url=https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/first-confirmed-case-of-novel-coronavirus-in-australia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215171557/https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/first-confirmed-case-of-novel-coronavirus-in-australia|archive-date=15 February 2020|access-date=3 March 2020 |website=Australian Government Department of Health}}</ref> {{As of|2022|8|06}}, Australia has reported over 11,350,000 cases and 19,265 deaths,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal ||last1=Mathieu |first1=Edouard |last2=Ritchie |first2=Hannah |last3=Rodés-Guirao |first3=Lucas |last4=Appel |first4=Cameron |last5=Giattino |first5=Charlie |last6=Hasell |first6=Joe |last7=Macdonald |first7=Bobbie |last8=Dattani |first8=Saloni |last9=Beltekian |first9=Diana |last10=Ortiz-Ospina |first10=Esteban |last11=Roser |first11=Max |date=5 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) |url=https://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref><ref name="Coronavirus Pandemic COVID-19">{{#invoke:Cite journal ||last1=Mathieu |first1=Edouard |last2=Ritchie |first2=Hannah |last3=Rodés-Guirao |first3=Lucas |last4=Appel |first4=Cameron |last5=Giattino |first5=Charlie |last6=Hasell |first6=Joe |last7=Macdonald |first7=Bobbie |last8=Dattani |first8=Saloni |last9=Beltekian |first9=Diana |last10=Ortiz-Ospina |first10=Esteban |last11=Roser |first11=Max |date=5 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) |url=https://ourworldindata.org/covid-deaths |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> with Victoria's 2020 second wave having the highest fatality rate per case.


Australian borders were closed to all non-residents on 20 March.<ref name=closeborders/> [[Social distancing]] rules were imposed on 21 March, and state governments started to close 'non-essential' services.<ref name=4mrule>{{cite news |title=Australia's social distancing rules have been enhanced to slow coronavirus — here's how they work|work=ABC|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/coronavirus-covid-19-scott-morrison-enhanced-social-distancing/12075532|date=21 March 2020|accessdate=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321164326/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/coronavirus-covid-19-scott-morrison-enhanced-social-distancing/12075532|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nonessential/> "Non-essential services" included social gathering venues such as pubs and clubs but unlike many other countries did not include most business operations such as construction, manufacturing and many retail categories.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.business.gov.au/risk-management/emergency-management/coronavirus-information-and-support-for-business/restrictions-on-non-essential-services |title=Restrictions on non-essential services|website=business.gov.au|date=3 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>
In March 2020, the Australian government established the intergovernmental [[National Cabinet (Australia)|National Cabinet]] and declared a [[Biosecurity Act 2015|human biosecurity emergency]] in response to the outbreak. Australian borders were closed to all non-residents on 20 March,<ref name=closeborders/> and returning residents were required to spend two weeks in supervised quarantine hotels from 27 March.<ref name="age-out-of-bag"/> Many individual states and territories also closed their borders to varying degrees, with some remaining closed until late 2020,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||first=Candice |last=Marshall |date=1 December 2020 |title=Updates: A state by state guide to border closures and travel restrictions |url=https://www.escape.com.au/travel-advice/when-travel-restrictions-will-be-eased-in-your-state/news-story/4c012ab906650f47b59b81801480f9ad|access-date=6 December 2020 |website=Escape.com.au}}</ref> and continuing to periodically close during localised outbreaks.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=12 February 2021 |title=Borders across Australia close in the face of the Victorian COVID-19 outbreak. This is where you can travel |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-12/victorian-outbreak-australia-reacts-where-you-can-travel/13150852|access-date=22 February 2021 |website=ABC News}}</ref> [[Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic|Social distancing]] rules were introduced on 21 March, and state governments started to close "non-essential" services.<ref name=4mrule>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia's social distancing rules have been enhanced to slow coronavirus – here's how they work |work=ABC |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/coronavirus-covid-19-scott-morrison-enhanced-social-distancing/12075532 |date=21 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321164326/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/coronavirus-covid-19-scott-morrison-enhanced-social-distancing/12075532|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nonessential/> "Non-essential services" included social gathering venues such as [[pub]]s and [[Nightclub|clubs]] but unlike many other countries did not include most business operations such as construction, manufacturing and many retail categories.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.business.gov.au/risk-management/emergency-management/coronavirus-information-and-support-for-business/restrictions-on-non-essential-services |title=Restrictions on non-essential services |website=business.gov.au |date=3 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> The number of new cases initially grew sharply, then levelled out at about 350 per day around 22 March, and started falling at the beginning of April to under 20 cases per day by the end of the month.<ref name="health-current-status"/>


Australia was one of few countries to pursue a [[zero-COVID]] "suppression" strategy until late 2021, meaning it aimed to minimise domestic community transmission. Implementation involved strict controls on international arrivals and aggressively responding to local outbreaks with [[COVID-19 lockdowns by country#Australia|lockdowns]] and exhaustive [[contact tracing]] of [[COVID-19 clusters in Australia|domestic COVID-19 clusters]].<ref name=":7">{{#invoke:cite report ||url=https://go8.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Go8-Road-to-Recovery.pdf |title=A Roadmap to Recovery -- A Report for the Nation |author=[[Group of Eight (Australian universities)]] |date=April 2020}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Osborne |first=Paul |date=24 July 2020 |title=Main points from national cabinet meeting |website=[[The Canberra Times]] |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6848371/main-points-from-national-cabinet-meeting/?cs=14264 |access-date=6 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> A second wave of infections [[COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria|emerged in Victoria]] during May and June 2020, which was attributed to an outbreak at a [[Melbourne]] quarantine hotel. The second wave, though largely localised to Melbourne, was much more widespread and deadlier than the first; at its peak, the state had over 7,000 active cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Butt |first=Craig |date=27 October 2020 |title=Ten graphs that show the rise and fall of Victoria's COVID-19-second wave |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/ten-graphs-that-show-the-rise-and-fall-of-victoria-s-covid-19-second-wave-20201027-p5694b.html |url-access=limited |access-date=5 November 2020 |website=The Age}}</ref> Victoria underwent a second strict lockdown which eventually lasted almost four months.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||first=Phil |last=Mercer |date=26 October 2020 |title=Covid: Melbourne's hard-won success after a marathon lockdown |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-54654646|access-date=6 December 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> The wave ended with zero new cases being recorded on 26&nbsp;October 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-11/fuel-spark-victoria-response-virus-public-health-bushfire/12443982 |title=How Victoria's coronavirus response became a public health 'bushfire' with a second-wave lockdown |publisher=ABC News (Australia) |date=11 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||first1=Noel |last1=Towell |first2=Tammy |last2=Mills |date=18 August 2020 |title=Family of four staying at Rydges seeded 90% of second-wave COVID cases |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/it-started-with-a-family-of-four-rydges-seeded-90-per-cent-of-victoria-s-second-wave-covid-cases-20200818-p55mqe.html|access-date=20 August 2020 |website=The Age}}</ref><ref name="vic-premier-26-oct-'20">{{#invoke:cite press release ||author1=Daniel Andrews–Premier |title=Statement From The Premier |url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/statement-premier-79 |access-date=3 February 2021 |work=premier.vic.gov.au |date=26 October 2020}}</ref> No deaths from COVID-19 were recorded in Australia from 28&nbsp;December 2020 until 13&nbsp;April 2021, when one death occurred in [[Queensland]].<ref name="health-current-status" />
The number of new cases initially grew sharply, then levelled out at about 350 per day around 22 March, and started falling at the beginning of April to under 20 cases per day by the end of the month.<ref name="health-current-status"/> A second wave of infections in Victoria instigated by a breakdown in hotel quarantine protocols commenced in late June, and is currently ongoing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-11/fuel-spark-victoria-response-virus-public-health-bushfire/12443982|title=How Victoria's coronavirus response became a public health 'bushfire' with a second-wave lockdown|publisher=ABC News (Australia)|date=11 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>


The [[COVID-19 vaccination in Australia|nationwide vaccination program]] began with the first doses of the [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine]] being administered in [[Sydney]] on 21 February 2021.<ref name="fed-gov-health-vaccinate" /><ref name="smh-pfizer-doses-start" /> The country's vaccine rollout, which fell short of its initial targets and was described as slow, was criticised.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Pearlman |first=Jonathan |date=29 June 2021 |title=Almost half of Aussie population under lockdown |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/half-of-australias-population-in-lockdown-as-delta-covid-19-variant-spreads|access-date=16 July 2021 |work=[[The Straits Times]] }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=1 May 2021|title=Australia's COVID-19 vaccine rollout – the forecast vs reality|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-02/australia-covid-19-vaccine-rollout-chart-behind-astrazeneca/100103792|access-date=16 July 2021|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Further [[COVID-19 clusters in Australia|cluster outbreaks]] occurred in late 2020 and mid-2021, with several brief "snap lockdowns" announced in certain states to contain their spread, particularly as [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2|novel variants of SARS-CoV-2]] arrived in Australia.
As of 12 August 2020, Australia has reported 22,127 cases, 12,774 recoveries, and 352 deaths, with [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] reporting the highest number of cases.<ref name="health-current-status"/>

In July 2021, the Australian government after continually stating COVID-zero was not sustainable, published the 'National Plan' to live with COVID.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.pmc.gov.au/national-plan-transition-australias-national-covid-response |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=www.pmc.gov.au |title=National Plan to transition Australia's National COVID Response }}</ref> As outbreaks of [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant]] which started in June [[COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales|2021 in New South Wales]] spread, almost half of Australia's population and most major cities were in lockdown for at least 3 days during July 2021.<ref name=":01">{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Pearlman |first=Jonathan |date=29 June 2021 |title=Almost half of Aussie population under lockdown |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/half-of-australias-population-in-lockdown-as-delta-covid-19-variant-spreads|access-date=16 July 2021 |work=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=2 July 2021 |title=Fortress Australia's COVID-19 breaches expose economic shortcomings |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/fortress-australias-covid-19-breaches-expose-economic-shortcomings-2021-07-02/|access-date=16 July 2021 |work=Reuters}}</ref> The outbreak worsened in New South Wales and spread to Victoria in the following weeks causing new record daily cases in both stated later in 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Klein|first=Alice|title=Covid-19: Lockdown not enough to stop Australia's delta variant crisis|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2287180-covid-19-lockdown-not-enough-to-stop-australias-delta-variant-crisis/|access-date=22 August 2021|website=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=21 July 2021|title=Has the Delta variant of Covid-19 curbed the effectiveness of lockdowns?|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3141863/has-delta-variant-curbed-effectiveness-lockdowns-zero|access-date=22 August 2021|website=South China Morning Post}}</ref> Lockdowns were phased out after 70% of the population was vaccinated in October with most public health restrictions removed after [[COVID-19 vaccination in Australia|vaccinating]] 90% of its population in December 2021, as the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant]] drove further records of infections.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=4 January 2022|title=Covid: Australians desperate for tests amid Omicron surge|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-59864428|access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{#invoke:Cite web||author=Ben Westcott and Caitlin McGee|title=Australia moves to lift Covid-19 restrictions amid surge in Omicron infections|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/14/australia/australia-omicron-covid-outbreak-restrictions-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=4 January 2022|publisher=CNN| date=15 December 2021}}</ref> International travel began to resume in November 2021 and returned to normal in early 2022.

The government declared the emergency response "finished" in September 2022 and removed all restrictions including the requirement to isolate if one was infected from 14 October 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=30 September 2022 |title=AMA slams scrapping of COVID isolation, saying those behind push 'not scientifically literate' |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-30/covid-19-isolation-period-dropped-national-cabinet/101489566 |access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref> On 20 October 2023, the Australian Chief Medical Officer declared that COVID-19 was no longer a Communicable Disease Incident of National Significance (CDINS) and ended all national emergency response and coordination, shifting COVID-19 management to a more general infectious disease framework.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.health.gov.au/news/ahppc-statement-end-of-covid-19-emergency-response|title=AHPPC statement – End of COVID-19 emergency response|publisher=Australian Government: Department of Health and Aged Care|date=20 October 2023|access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
A [[novel coronavirus]] that caused a respiratory illness was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, and was reported to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) on 31 December 2019, which confirmed its concern on 12 January 2020.<ref name="Elsevier">{{cite web |url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center |title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center |last=Elsevier |date= |website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Reynolds4March2020">{{Cite news |last=Reynolds|first=Matt|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus |title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?|date=4 March 2020|work=Wired UK|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020|issn=1357-0978}}</ref> WHO declared the outbreak a [[Public Health Emergency of International Concern]] on 30 January, and a pandemic on 11 March.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
A [[novel coronavirus]] that caused a respiratory illness was identified in [[Wuhan]], Hubei, China, in December 2019, and was reported to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) on 31 December 2019, which confirmed its concern on 12 January 2020.<ref name="Elsevier">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center |title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center |last=Elsevier |website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Reynolds4March2020">{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Reynolds |first=Matt |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus |title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic? |date=4 March 2020 |magazine=[[Wired UK]]|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020 |issn=1357-0978}}</ref> WHO declared the outbreak a [[Public health emergency of international concern]] on 30 January,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) Global research and innovation forum |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/covid-19-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern-(pheic)-global-research-and-innovation-forum|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930050213/https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|access-date=25 October 2020 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> and a pandemic on 11 March.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11&nbsp;March 2020 |url=https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025053458/https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|archive-date=25 October 2020|access-date=25 October 2020 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref>


The [[case fatality rate]] of COVID-19 is much lower than that of [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS]], a related disease which emerged in 2002,<ref name="Imperial13March2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|last=|first=|date=|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> but its [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] has been significantly greater, leading to a much greater total death toll.<ref name="WFSA">{{cite web|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus|last=|first=|date=|website=www.wfsahq.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March2020" />
The [[case fatality rate]] of COVID-19 is much lower than that of [[SARS]], a related disease which emerged in 2002,<ref name="Imperial13March2020">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/ |title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus |website=Imperial News|date=13 March 2020 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid |title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England |website=GOV.UK |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> but its [[Pathogen transmission|transmission]] has been significantly greater, leading to a much greater total death toll.<ref name="Imperial13March2020"/><ref name="WFSA">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus |title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus |website=wfsahq.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref>

The widespread reporting of the [[2019–20 Australian bushfire season|bushfire season]] in major media and social media around the world caused a significant drop in the number of tourists coming to Australia, including those from China. The absence of tourist arrivals during this time could have played a significant role in sparing Australia from the spread of COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic. This is in contrast to other major cities in Europe and North America, where the early spread of the virus continued undetected until late February 2020 or early March 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.news.com.au/national/australia-dodged-a-covidbullet-via-the-summer-bushfires/video/fe16d8b39d583bb13e9e8440470e7bed|title=Australia dodged a COVID-bullet via the Summer Bushfires|date=11 December 2020}}</ref>


== Timeline ==
== Timeline ==
{{Main|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021) | Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)}}
{{See also|Template:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic data/Australia medical cases|label1=Timeline of cases in Australia}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia medical cases chart}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia medical cases chart}}
=== January 2020 ===
On 23 January, [[biosecurity in Australia|biosecurity officials]] began screening arrivals on flights from [[Wuhan]] to [[Sydney]]. Passengers were given an information sheet and asked to present themselves if they had a fever or suspect they might have the disease.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/wuhan-pneumonia-virus-outbreak-australia-screening-12294170|title=Australia to screen some flights from China, warns coronavirus difficult to stop |work=CNA |last1=Packham |first1=Colin |last2=Coates |first2=Stephen|date=21 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121042343/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/wuhan-pneumonia-virus-outbreak-australia-screening-12294170 |archive-date=21 January 2020|access-date=21 January 2020}}</ref>


{{clear}}
On 25 January, the first case of a [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]] infection was reported, that of a Chinese citizen who arrived from [[Guangzhou]] on 19 January. The patient was tested and received treatment in [[Melbourne]].<ref name=Case1>{{cite web |url=https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/first-confirmed-case-of-novel-coronavirus-in-australia|title=First confirmed case of novel coronavirus in Australia|date=25 January 2020|website=Australian Government Department of Health |access-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215171557/https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/first-confirmed-case-of-novel-coronavirus-in-australia|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://7news.com.au/news/health/first-australian-coronavirus-case-confirmed-in-victoria-c-664530|title=First Australian coronavirus case confirmed in Victoria |last=Daoud|first=Elizabeth|date=25 January 2020|website=7 News}}</ref> On the same day, three other patients tested positive in [[Sydney]] after returning from [[Wuhan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/25/coronavirus-five-people-in-nsw-being-tested-for-deadly-disease
{{multiple image
|title=Coronavirus: three cases in NSW and one in Victoria as infection reaches Australia |last=Doherty |first=Ben|work=The Guardian|date=25 January 2020|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/victoria/coronavirus-case-confirmed-in-victoria-20200125-p53unk.html
| align = left
|title=Coronavirus spreads across Australia amid scramble to find more cases |last2=McCauley |first2=Dana |last1=Cunningham |first1=Melissa |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=25 January 2020 |accessdate=25 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/two-probable-coronavirus-cases-in-nsw-20200125-p53uov.html |title=Two probable coronavirus cases in NSW |access-date=25 January 2020 |last2=Chung |first2=Laura |last1=Drevikovsky |first1=Janek |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125082338/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/two-probable-coronavirus-cases-in-nsw-20200125-p53uov.html |archive-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| caption_align = center
| width = 400
| footer =
| image1 = COVID-19-Pandemie - AU (Australien) - Infizierte (800px).svg
| alt1 = Cases
| caption1 = Cases
| image2 = COVID-19-Pandemie - AU (Australien) - Tote (800px).svg
| alt2 = Deaths
| caption2 = Deaths
}}
{{clear}}


On 23 January 2020, [[Biosecurity in Australia|biosecurity officials]] began screening arrivals on flights from [[Wuhan]] to [[Sydney]].<ref name=":99">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/wuhan-pneumonia-virus-outbreak-australia-screening-12294170 |title=Australia to screen some flights from China, warns coronavirus difficult to stop |work=CNA |last1=Packham |first1=Colin |last2=Coates |first2=Stephen |date=21 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121042343/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/wuhan-pneumonia-virus-outbreak-australia-screening-12294170 |archive-date=21 January 2020|access-date=21 January 2020}}</ref> Two days later the first case of a [[SARS-CoV-2]] infection was reported, that of a Chinese citizen who arrived from [[Guangzhou]] on 19 January. The patient was tested and received treatment in [[Melbourne]].<ref name=Case1/><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://7news.com.au/news/health/first-australian-coronavirus-case-confirmed-in-victoria-c-664530 |title=First Australian coronavirus case confirmed in Victoria |last=Daoud |first=Elizabeth |date=25 January 2020 |website=7 News}}</ref> On the same day, three other patients tested positive in Sydney after returning from Wuhan.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/25/coronavirus-five-people-in-nsw-being-tested-for-deadly-disease |title=Coronavirus: three cases in NSW and one in Victoria as infection reaches Australia |last=Doherty |first=Ben |work=The Guardian |date=25 January 2020|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/victoria/coronavirus-case-confirmed-in-victoria-20200125-p53unk.html |title=Coronavirus spreads across Australia amid scramble to find more cases |last2=McCauley |first2=Dana |last1=Cunningham |first1=Melissa |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=25 January 2020 |access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/two-probable-coronavirus-cases-in-nsw-20200125-p53uov.html |title=Two probable coronavirus cases in NSW |access-date=25 January 2020 |last2=Chung |first2=Laura |last1=Drevikovsky |first1=Janek |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125082338/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/two-probable-coronavirus-cases-in-nsw-20200125-p53uov.html |archive-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Nine cases were recorded in January. From 31 January, foreign nationals returning from China were required to have spent a fortnight in a third country before being allowed into Australia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-01/australians-told-not-to-travel-to-china-due-to-coronavirus/11920742|date=1 February 2020 |title=Australians told not to travel to mainland China due to coronavirus threat, border restrictions tightened considerably|work=abc.net.au|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201211009/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-01/australians-told-not-to-travel-to-china-due-to-coronavirus/11920742|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== February 2020 ===
=== First wave: March–April 2020 ===
Australia reported its 100th case on 10 March 2020 roughly corresponding to the start of Australia's first wave.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia records 100th coronavirus case and worldwide death toll passes 4,000 |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-records-100th-coronavirus-case-and-worldwide-death-toll-passes-4-000 |access-date=27 July 2021 |agency=SBS News |date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Case numbers and deaths continued to climb during March and April, but by late April the first wave had effectively ended. On 6 June, both New South Wales and Victoria reported no new cases for the previous 24 hours, with only Queensland and Western Australia reporting one new (international) case each, the lowest national total since February.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Department of Health and Human Services Victoria {{!}} Coronavirus update for Victoria - 6&nbsp;June 2020|url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-06-june-2020|access-date=2 July 2020|website=dhhs.vic.gov.au}}</ref>
By 6 February, three returning members from a tour group in Wuhan were identified in Queensland.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/chinese-woman-in-queensland-confirmed-as-15th-australian-coronavirus-case|date=6 February 2020|title=Chinese woman in Queensland confirmed as 15th Australian coronavirus case |work=SBS |agency=Australian Associated Press|access-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214140647/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/chinese-woman-in-queensland-confirmed-as-15th-australian-coronavirus-case|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Second wave: June–October 2020 ===
Twenty-four Australians were infected on the ''[[Diamond Princess (ship)#2020 COVID-19 pandemic|Diamond Princess]]'' cruise ship with eight being sent to [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] for two weeks of quarantine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/five-more-australian-diamond-princess-cruise-passengers-diagnosed-with-coronavirus-20200222-p543bh.html |title=Five more Australian Diamond Princess cruise passengers diagnosed with coronavirus |first1=Laura |last1=Cheng |first2=Eryk |last2=Bagshaw |date=22 February 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224001601/https://www.smh.com.au/national/five-more-australian-diamond-princess-cruise-passengers-diagnosed-with-coronavirus-20200222-p543bh.html |archive-date=24 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The number repatriated from the ship are included in the state totals as follows: Qld (3), SA (1), Vic (4), WA (2, one of whom died on 1 March).<ref name=princess/>
On 20 June, the Victorian Government announced the re-tightening of restrictions on household gatherings following a spike in community transmitted cases over the previous week, reported to be mainly caused by family-to-family transmission in large household gatherings. Most easing of restrictions that were to take place were postponed.<ref name="abc-vic-june re-restrict">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-20/victoria-coronavirus-numbers-increase-again-with-more-new-cases/12376316 |title=Victorian coronavirus restrictions tightening as cases continue to increase |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]] |date=20 June 2020|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> The same day restrictions were re-tightened in Victoria, the Western Australian Government announced the state would move into "Phase 4" from 27 June, permitting some of the most relaxed restrictions in the country.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-22/wa-coronavirus-restrictions-eased-further-phase-four-announced/12380422 |title=WA coronavirus restrictions eased further as Western Australia moves to phase four |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]] |date=22 June 2020|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref>


On 26 October, the "second wave" ended when Victoria recorded zero new cases and zero deaths statewide for the first time since 9 June.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - Monday 26&nbsp;October 2020 |url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-26-october-2020 |website=Department of Health and Human Services |publisher=Victorian Government |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="premier-vic-26-oct-'20" /> On the same day, Daniel Andrews announced a significant easing of restrictions to take effect over the coming weeks. From 11.59&nbsp;pm on 27&nbsp;October, people no longer required a reason to leave home, all retail, restaurants, hotels, cafes and bars were allowed to open with capacity limits, beauty, personal services and tattooing were allowed to reopen, outdoor community sport for under 18 and outdoor non-contact sport for adults recommenced, a maximum of 10 people were allowed to attend weddings, a maximum of 20 mourners were allowed to attend funerals, and faith and religious gatherings were allowed to resume, subject to patron limitations.<ref name="premier-vic-26-oct-'20">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Statement From The Premier |url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/statement-premier-79 |website=Premier of Victoria |publisher=Victorian Government |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref> With a length of 112&nbsp;days, this Victorian COVID-19 lockdown was the longest continuous lockdown world-wide, as of October 2020.<ref name=bbc-vic-122-longest>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Covid in Australia: Melbourne to exit 112-day lockdown |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-54686812 |access-date=16 February 2021 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=26 October 2020}}</ref>
On 27 February, the prime minister activated the Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) health alert|date=29 February 2020|website=Australian Government Department of Health|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229140654/https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert|archive-date=29 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> stating that the rapid spread of the virus outside of China had prompted the government to elevate its response.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-27/federal-government-coronavirus-pandemic-emergency-plan/12005734|last=Worthington|first=Brett|date=28 February 2020 |title=Coronavirus pandemic fears prompt Government to activate emergency response and extend travel ban|work=abc.net.au|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229025042/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-27/federal-government-coronavirus-pandemic-emergency-plan/12005734|archive-date=29 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Third wave: June 2021 – October 2021 ===
On 29 February, after a Queensland case of an infected person returning to Australia from Iran, the government extended the enforced quarantine to people who had been in Iran, requiring them to spend a fortnight in third country before being allowed into Australia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-29/australia-announces-iran-travel-ban/12013884|last1=Conifer|first1=Dan|date=29 February 2020|title=Australia announces Iran travel ban amid COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic|work=abc.net.au|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229073205/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-29/australia-announces-iran-travel-ban/12013884|archive-date=29 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> There were 14 new cases in February, bringing the number of cases to 23.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
[[COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria|{{Anchor|2021 outbreak}}Victoria]] recorded no deaths between late October 2020 and August 2021.<ref name="abc-vic-2die-lkdwn-xtnd-31aug'21" /><ref name="abc-vic-+1dead-3sept'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||date=2 September 2021 |title=Victoria records 208 new local cases of COVID-19 and one further death |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-03/victoria-records-208-new-covid-cases-one-death/100430970 |access-date=3 September 2021}}</ref> [[COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales|New South Wales]] recorded their first death of the 2021 wave on 10&nbsp;July 2021.


On 18 June in NSW, a [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant]] COVID-19 cluster in Sydney's [[Eastern Suburbs (Sydney)|Eastern Suburbs]] had grown to 4 cases.<ref name="abc-sydney-masks-again-18june'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Nguyen |first1=Kevin |title=Sydney man contracted COVID-19 during trip to Myer, masks back on public transport |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-06-18/nsw-records-one-covid-19-case-masks-for-public-transport/100225370 |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=18 June 2021}}</ref> On 25 June in NSW, after 22 new cases of the Delta variant brought infections linked to the Bondi cluster to 65 total, an initial lockdown was announced for four Sydney [[local government area]]s (LGAs).<ref name="abc-nsw-4xlgas-lockdown-25june'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||first1=Kevin |last1=Nguyen |title=More than 1 million people in Sydney locked down as 22 new COVID-19 cases confirmed |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-06-25/bondi-covid-19-cluster-grows-after-nsw-records-22-infections/100243242 |access-date=25 June 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 June 2021}}</ref>
=== March 2020 ===
[[File:No Toilet Paper due to panic buying in Adelaide.jpg|thumb|200px|The coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak resulted in [[panic buying]] (particularly of toilet paper), leading to empty shelves as seen here on 4 March 2020 in the Adelaide suburb of [[Paralowie, South Australia]].]]


<!-- Updating this based on COVID-19 deaths rather than cases. -->New South Wales recorded its "worst day" of its continuing June 2021 outbreak of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|COVID-19 Delta variant]] on 29 August 2021, with six deaths, and a record 1,218 new local confirmed cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Cox |first1=Lisa |title=NSW records worst daily Covid total and apologises for booking blunder as ACT defers lockdown decision |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/aug/28/nsw-records-worst-daily-covid-total-and-apologises-for-booking-blunder-as-act-defers-lockdown-decision |access-date=29 August 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=28 August 2021}}</ref> Whilst the daily number of cases continues to increase, at the time this was the highest daily confirmed case total Australia had received on a single day, surpassing Victoria's record in the previous wave. However, the recorded COVID-19 deaths is significantly lower than the 41 daily deaths recorded in Victoria during its peak.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Victoria posts deadliest day, but confident coronavirus easing |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/8/31/victoria-posts-deadliest-day-but-confident-coronavirus-easing |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref>
==== Week 1 ====
On 1 March, Australia reported the first death from [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]]: a 78-year-old [[Perth]] man, who was one of the passengers from the ''Diamond Princess'', and who had been evacuated and was being treated in [[Western Australia]].<ref name=death.1/>


On 30 August in NSW, the [[Ministry of Health (New South Wales)|Ministry of Health]] reported four deaths in the previous 24 hours of people confirmed to have had COVID-19.<ref name="health-nsw-stats-30aug'21"/> One of them, a man in his 50s who died at [[Dubbo]] Hospital, is believed to be the first [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander]] COVID-19 related death. He was not vaccinated.<ref name="abc-nsw-west-outbrk-1st-indig-30aug'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Gregory |first1=Xanthe |last2=Gorman |first2=Mollie |last3=Woodburn |first3=Joanna |title=First Aboriginal COVID death of pandemic linked to Western New South Wales outbreak |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-30/western-nsw-covid-death/100417986 |access-date=1 September 2021 |work=ABC Central West |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 August 2021}}</ref> The total number of COVID related deaths in NSW reached 149 since the beginning of the pandemic, and 93 during the NSW Delta outbreak.<ref name="health-nsw-stats-30aug'21">{{#invoke:cite press release ||title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics |url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20210830_00.aspx |website=health.nsw.gov.au |publisher=NSW Health |access-date=30 August 2021 |date=30 August 2021}}</ref> The official national death toll broke 1,000 at 1,002.<ref name="oz-comm-health-stats-30aug'21">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance – 30 August 2021 |url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-30-august-2021 |website=www.health.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health |access-date=9 September 2021 |date=31 August 2021}}</ref>
On 2 March, four new cases were reported, two of which were the first cases of community transmission of the virus.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rourke |first1=Alison |last2=Ratcliffe |first2=Rebecca |last3=Taylor |first3=Josh |last4=Farrer |first4=Martin |last5=McCurry|first5=Justin|title=Coronavirus live update: Australia reports first cases of community transmission |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/02/coronavirus-live-updates-china-latest-news-us-australia-deaths-markets-italy-iran-update-cases |accessdate=2 March 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301234802/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/02/coronavirus-live-updates-china-latest-news-us-australia-deaths-markets-italy-iran-update-cases|archive-date=1 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> These two cases were acquired in Australia whereas all other previous cases were imported from another country. The two cases were in New South Wales: one was acquired from a close relative and the other was a health care worker in Western Sydney.<ref name=age31st>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-02/coronavirus-human-to-human-spread-in-australia/12018198|date=2 March 2020|title=Australia records first cases of human-to-human transmission of coronavirus|work=abc.net.au|access-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302223821/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-02/coronavirus-human-to-human-spread-in-australia/12018198|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Another confirmed case on this day was a 40-year-old man from [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]] who came back on 29 February from a flight which left Melbourne and landed in Launceston on the same day. He was treated at the [[Launceston General Hospital]] as he became the first Coronavirus case in [[Tasmania]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-02/coronavirus-postive-test-in-tasmania/12017662|title=First coronavirus case confirmed in Tasmania, after man who travelled from Iran tests positive for COVID-19|date=2 March 2020|work=abc.net.au|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302094914/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-02/coronavirus-postive-test-in-tasmania/12017662|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 31 August in Victoria, the deaths of two women were reported, the first COVID deaths in that state since 30 November 2020, which ended a nine-month streak with no fatalities.<ref name="abc-vic-last-death-30nov'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Victoria Victoria records first coronavirus death in more than a month after woman in 70s caught virus in July |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-30/victoria-records-first-coronavirus-death-in-more-than-a-month/12933524 |access-date=1 September 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="abc-vic-2die-lkdwn-xtnd-31aug'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Victoria records two COVID deaths as plan to ease restrictions imminent |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-31/victoria-covid-cases-melbourne-lockdown-extension/100420272 |access-date=1 September 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 August 2021}}</ref>
On 4 March, a second death was reported, a 95-year-old woman dying at a Sydney aged-care facility.<ref name=":2"/>


On 3 October 2021, Melbourne surpassed [[Buenos Aires]] as the city with the most cumulative days spent in lockdown in the entire world, having spent 245 days in lockdown since the start of the pandemic.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web ||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-03/melbourne-longest-lockdown/100510710 |title=Melbourne passes Buenos Aires' world record for time spent in COVID-19 lockdown |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date= 3 October 2021 |access-date=6 July 2023}}</ref> The sixth lockdown ended in Melbourne at midnight on 21 October 2021 after a record 262 cumulative days throughout the pandemic.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web ||url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/world/australia/melbourne-covid-lockdown-reopening.html |title=Melbourne, after 262 days in lockdown, celebrates a reopening. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=22 October 2021 |access-date=6 July 2023}}</ref> The lockdown in Sydney ended on 11 October 2021 after 106 days, following the initial Delta variant outbreak.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web ||url=https://www.euronews.com/next/2021/10/11/covid-19-sydney-exits-lockdown-after-106-days |title=COVID-19: Sydney exits lockdown after 106 days |publisher=Euronews |date=11 October 2021 |access-date=6 July 2023}}</ref>
{{main|Jenny Mikakos#Handling_of_COVID-19_pandemic}}
On 7 March, Victorian Health Minister [[Jenny Mikakos]] confirmed during a press conference that a doctor in Victoria had tested positive for COVID-19. The doctor in his 70s had returned to Australia from the United States on 29 February. From 2 to 6 March, the doctor had consulted approximately 70 patients at The Toorak Clinic in Melbourne and two patients at an aged-care facility. The clinic was closed over the weekend and patients were contacted to self-isolate. Health officials sought to notify passengers on the doctor's flights. The doctor believed he only had a mild cold and was fit to return to work,<ref name=tk25>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/08/doctor-who-had-coronavirus-demands-apology-from-victorian-health-minister-over-inaccuracies|title=Doctor who had coronavirus demands apology from Victorian health minister over 'inaccuracies'|first=Calla|last=Wahlquist|date=8 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=8 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308014804/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/08/doctor-who-had-coronavirus-demands-apology-from-victorian-health-minister-over-inaccuracies|archive-date=8 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> hitting back at the minister for her comments.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/flabbergasted-doctor-saw-70-patients-at-toorak-clinic-while-infected-with-coronavirus-20200307-p547su.html|title='Flabbergasted': Doctor saw 70 patients at Toorak clinic while infected with coronavirus|first1=Nicole|last1=Precel|first2=Paul|last2=Sakkal|first3=Tate|last3=Papworth|date=7 March 2020|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307063444/https://www.smh.com.au/national/flabbergasted-doctor-saw-70-patients-at-toorak-clinic-while-infected-with-coronavirus-20200307-p547su.html|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-07/coronavirus-infects-melbourne-doctor/12023438|title=Melbourne GP clinic closed after doctor tests positive for coronavirus|work=ABC News|date=7 March 2020|access-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307044524/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-07/coronavirus-infects-melbourne-doctor/12023438|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


Australia began to re-open to the world from 1 November 2021, with vaccinated Australian citizens and permanent residents allowed to enter NSW and Victoria without being restricted by strict flight cap numbers or long hotel quarantine stays from that date.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-update-australia-november-1-restrictions-whats-changing-borders-travel-boosters-explainer/1ba68002-1659-45b6-b848-0686048feb40|title=COVID-19 reopening: All the changes taking effect from November 1st|website=www.9news.com.au|date=November 2021 }}</ref>
==== Week 2 ====
[[File:Tom Hanks 2008.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Tom Hanks]] and [[Rita Wilson]] made international headlines in March 2020 after being hospitalised with the virus in [[Queensland]]. (Photo taken after the 2008 [[Emmy Award|Emmys]] in California.)]]
On 8 March, an 82-year-old man died, becoming the second death at the Dorothy Henderson Lodge aged-care facility and the third death in the country.<ref name=death3/>


On 8 November, Queensland premier [[Annastacia Palaszczuk]] announced that as of 17 December, all eligible unvaccinated citizens over the age of 16 would be banned from pubs, clubs, cafes, restaurants, cinemas, theatres, music festivals and stadiums, government-owned galleries, museums and libraries, and they would not be allowed to visit hospitals, aged care facilities, prisons or disability services, among other restrictions. The premier described this as "a reward for the fully vaccinated and a precaution for when the borders open", and stated that restrictions were expected to continue into 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-09/qld-coronavirus-covid-restrictions-update-unvaccinated/100605840|title = What Queensland's incoming COVID rules mean for you|newspaper = ABC News|date = 9 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/rules-for-unvaxxed-queenslanders-will-be-enforced-into-2022-premier-says-20211111-p59831.html|title = Rules for unvaxxed Queenslanders will be enforced into 2022, Premier says |work=[[Brisbane Times]] |date = 11 November 2021}}</ref>
On 9 March, the principal of [[Carey Baptist Grammar School|Carey Baptist Grammar]] confirmed that one of the teachers at their Kew campus was infected with the virus. This teacher, a woman in her 50s, was confirmed to be the partner of an individual who was on the same flight from the US that the GP of Toorak Clinic was on.<ref name=":11">{{cite web|url=https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/about/media-centre/MediaReleases/three-new-cases-covid-19-in-vic-10-march-2020|title=Three new cases of COVID-19 in Victoria|date=10 March 2020|website=Victorian State Government Health|language=en-AU|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311221551/https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/about/media-centre/MediaReleases/three-new-cases-covid-19-in-vic-10-march-2020|archive-date=11 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=https://www2.health.vic.gov.au:443/about/media-centre/mediareleases/three-new-cases-covid-19-in-vic-10-march-2020|title=Three new cases of COVID-19 in Victoria|last=Services|first=Department of Health & Human|website=www2.health.vic.gov.au|language=en|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311221551/https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/about/media-centre/MediaReleases/three-new-cases-covid-19-in-vic-10-march-2020|archive-date=11 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Omicron wave: November 2021 – February 2022 ===
On 11 March, the head of the [[Museum of Old and New Art]] (MONA), [[David Walsh (art collector)|David Walsh]], cancelled the [[MONA FOMA]] winter arts festival. In a statement, David Walsh stated "I know that [the cancellation] will murder an already massacred tourism environment, but I feel like I have no choice."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://darkmofo.net.au/statement|title=Dark Mofo 2020 Statement {{!}} Dark Mofo|website=darkmofo.net.au|language=en-AU|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312180949/https://darkmofo.net.au/statement|archive-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 28 November 2021, NSW Health confirmed that two returned travellers had tested positive for the new [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron COVID-19 variant]] in Sydney, making them the first known cases of the strain in Australia.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=28 November 2021|title=Australia's first cases of Omicron COVID-19 strain detected in Sydney travellers|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-28/tavellers-test-positive-omicron-covid-sydney/100657076|access-date=28 November 2021}}</ref> On 29 November, a positive case of the Omicron variant was recorded at the [[Howard Springs, Northern Territory|Howard Springs]] quarantine facility, from a return traveller who arrived at Darwin on 25 November from Johannesburg, South Africa.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-29/nt-covid-outbreak-katherine-traveller-positive-for-omicron/100657690 |title=COVID-positive repatriation flight arrival to the Northern Territory tests positive to Omicron variant |last=Perera |first=Alicia |website=ABC News |date=29 November 2021 |access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref> The same day, two passengers who had flown to Sydney from southern Africa via Singapore also tested positive for the Omicron variant.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-29/nsw-health-confirms-two-more-omicron-covid-cases-in-sydney/100658728 |title=NSW Health confirms two more Omicron COVID-19 cases in travellers from southern Africa |last=Nguyen |first=Kevin |website=ABC News |date=29 November 2021 |access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
On 12 March, the [[Australian Capital Territory|ACT]] announced its first case, the 142nd case in Australia. A man in his 30s had not travelled overseas but did travel outside of the ACT.<ref name=tk37>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-12/coronavirus-now-australia-wide-as-act-confirms-first-case/12048976|title=Coronavirus now Australia-wide as ACT confirms first case of COVID-19|date=12 March 2020|work=ABC News|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312101859/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-12/coronavirus-now-australia-wide-as-act-confirms-first-case/12048976|archive-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Actor [[Tom Hanks]] and his wife [[Rita Wilson]] advised that they had tested positive and were in isolation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-12/tom-hanks-and-rita-wilson-coronavirus-positive/12049366|title=Tom Hanks and wife Rita Wilson test positive for coronavirus on the Gold Coast|date=12 March 2020|work=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312061820/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-12/tom-hanks-and-rita-wilson-coronavirus-positive/12049366|archive-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/business/media/tom-hanks-coronavirus.html|title=Tom Hanks Says He Has Coronavirus|newspaper=New York Times|language=en|access-date=11 March 2020|date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312012024/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/11/business/media/tom-hanks-coronavirus.html|archive-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 30 November, a positive case of the Omicron variant was recorded in Sydney. The person had visited southern Africa before arriving in Sydney prior to travel restrictions, and was subsequently active in the community in Sydney and the [[Central Coast (New South Wales)|Central Coast]].<ref name="NSW30Nov">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-30/nsw-covid-19-omicron-update-new-case-discovered/100661108 |title=NSW records fifth case of Omicron COVID-19 variant as two more potential infections investigated |website=ABC News |date=30 November 2021 |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref>
Later that day, an initial $17.6{{nbsp}}billion stimulus package was unveiled by the Prime Minister to "protect Australians' health, secure jobs and set the economy to bounce back" from the crisis.<ref name=tk41>{{cite news|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/world/coronavirus-who-declares-pandemic-declared-as-cases-rocket/news-story/c67fe1248977e4ce06040148e6c3dc46|title=Coronavirus: We have a clear plan to see Australia through, says Scott Morrison|date=12 March 2020|first1=Richard|last1=Ferguson|first2=Lachlan|last2=Moffet Gray|first3=Elias|last3=Visontay|first4=Natasha|last4=Robinson|work=The Australian|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> West Australian health minister [[Roger Cook (politician)|Roger Cook]] has informed the public that the Western Australian Department of health is postponing upgrades at Peel Health Campus to accommodate patients with the virus. There were concerns that the upgrade would temporarily halve the ED waiting room capacity, preventing isolation of ED patients from patients with the virus. The upgrade has been postponed to 1 October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/McGowan/2020/03/COVID-19-precaution-postpones-works-at-Peel-Health-Campus.aspx|title=Media Statements – COVID-19 precaution postpones works at Peel Health Campus|website=www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321153824/https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/McGowan/2020/03/COVID-19-precaution-postpones-works-at-Peel-Health-Campus.aspx|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 3 December, a positive Omicron variant case was confirmed in the ACT.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-03/act-covid-19-omicron-detected-canberra/100673696 |title=Omicron variant of COVID-19 detected in the ACT, case has not travelled overseas |last=Gore |first=Charlotte |website=ABC News |date=3 December 2021 |access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref>
Victoria confirmed nine new cases, one of which was the first case of human-to-human transmission in the state. A McLaren Formula One team member on the now-cancelled [[2020 Australian Grand Prix|Australian Grand Prix]] tested positive for the virus.<ref name=":24">{{cite web|url=https://www2.health.vic.gov.au:443/about/media-centre/mediareleases/more-covid-19-cases-confirmed-in-victoria-13-march-2020|title=More COVID-19 cases confirmed in Victoria|last=Services|first=Department of Health & Human|website=www2.health.vic.gov.au|language=en|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316101121/https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/about/media-centre/MediaReleases/more-covid-19-cases-confirmed-in-victoria-13-march-2020|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This brought the Victorian total to 36 and the national total to 175. [[Peter Dutton]] the Home Affairs Minister for Australia was diagnosed in Queensland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/home-affairs-minister-peter-dutton-has-coronavirus-20200313-p549y9.html|title=Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton has coronavirus|last=Livingston|first=Angus|date=13 March 2020|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314174445/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/home-affairs-minister-peter-dutton-has-coronavirus-20200313-p549y9.html|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Victorian government declared they are suspending all jury trials to limit the spread of the virus.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Davey|first=Melissa|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/mar/14/australia-jury-trials-victoria-suspended-coronavirus-crisis|title=All new jury trials in Victoria to be suspended amid coronavirus crisis|date=14 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314112513/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/mar/14/australia-jury-trials-victoria-suspended-coronavirus-crisis|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


Most public health restrictions were lifted in December 2021, after 90% of the Australian population were vaccinated.<ref name=":5" /> The [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant]] drove a record rise in infections, leading to New South Wales to have one of the highest infection rates worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=31 December 2021|title=Australia's Covid surge in four charts: NSW now has one of world's highest infection rates|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/datablog/2021/dec/31/australias-covid-surge-in-four-charts-nsw-now-has-one-of-worlds-highest-infection-rates|access-date=4 January 2022|website=The Guardian}}</ref>
==== Week 3 ====
[[File:Dried pasta shelves empty in an Australian supermarket.jpg|thumb|RIGHt|Shortage of non-perishable foods at a Melbourne supermarket.]]


=== 2022 ===
On 10 March, Victorian Premier [[Daniel Andrews]] warned Victorians to expect "extreme measures" in the wake of the federal government updating the travel advice for Italy.<ref name=9news_10March2020>{{cite web|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-australia-latest-updates-italy-travel/5c825ae9-ba0a-4344-b55e-f7b301c22aea|title=Government reviewing Italy travel advice amid coronavirus lockdown|last=|first=|date=10 March 2020 |website=Nine News|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310071250/https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-australia-latest-updates-italy-travel/5c825ae9-ba0a-4344-b55e-f7b301c22aea|archive-date=10 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> These could include cancelling major sporting events, requiring entire economic sectors to work from home, and calling recently retired health professionals to return to work.<ref name=ABC_14March2020>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-10/victorian-premier-daniel-andrews-on-coronavirus-pandemic-plans/12042780|title=Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic phase will call for 'extreme measures', Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews says|date=10 March 2020 |access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315000653/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-10/victorian-premier-daniel-andrews-on-coronavirus-pandemic-plans/12042780|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 18 January 2022, 77 COVID-19 deaths were reported in Australia, the highest number to that point far, though not all had occurred on the same day (17 January). There were 36 in New South Wales, 22 in Victoria, 16 in Queensland, 2 in South Australia, and 1&nbsp;in the Australian Capital Territory.<ref name="abc-liveblog-18'jan22">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Howard |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Judd |first2=Bridget |date=18 January 2022 |title=Live: Australia records highest daily number of reported COVID deaths |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-18/covid-live-blog-isolation-vaccination-case-numbers/100762456 |access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>


On 22 January 2022, Australia exceeded 3,000 deaths related to COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic.<ref name="fed-health-infographic-22jan'22">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance – 22 January 2022 |url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-22-january-2022 |website= www.health.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health |access-date=24 February 2022 |date=22 January 2022}}</ref>
On 16 March, Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews declared a state of emergency until 13 April.<ref name=prem-vic-emerg-decl/> The State of Emergency was subsequently extended{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} (see below).


By 4 February 2022, 4,000 COVID-19 related deaths were exceeded.<ref name="fed-health-infographic-4feb'22">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance – 4 February 2022 |url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-4-february-2022 |website=www.health.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health |access-date= 24 February 2022 |date=6 February 2022}}</ref> This increased to 5,000 by 23 February.<ref name="fed-health-infographic-23feb'22">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) at a glance – 23 February 2022 |url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-23-february-2022 |website=www.health.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health |access-date=24 February 2022 |date=23 February 2022}}</ref>
The University of Queensland stopped all teaching for the week after three students tested positive for the virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/coronavirus-kills-first-queensland-person-woman-77/12054332|title=University of Queensland halts all lectures due to coronavirus fears|date=16 March 2020|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> Western Australia introduced similar measures as New South Wales, preventing schools from organising gatherings of over 500.<ref name=":28">{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/coronavirus-outbreak-sparks-precautionary-measures-at-wa-schools/12058612|title='Precautionary measures' introduced at WA schools in bid to avoid coronavirus|date=16 March 2020|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316131702/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/coronavirus-outbreak-sparks-precautionary-measures-at-wa-schools/12058612|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Susan McDonald]], a Queensland senator, confirmed being infected with the virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/coronavirus-queensland-cases-rise-as-uq-halts-classes/12054332|title=Another eight Queenslanders confirmed with COVID-19|date=16 March 2020|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316131638/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/coronavirus-queensland-cases-rise-as-uq-halts-classes/12054332|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> New South Wales Liberal senator, [[Andrew Bragg]], was the third Australian politician to test positive. On 18 March,<ref name=decl/> a human biosecurity emergency was declared<ref name=emergdec/> by the Governor-General, [[David Hurley]], under Section 475 of the ''[[Biosecurity Act 2015]]''.<ref name=decl/>


On 21 February 2022 border restrictions were removed for all vaccinated people, including non-citizens such as tourists and new immigrants, effectively opening Australia up to the world.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=21 February 2022 |title=Covid: Australia's border reopens to international visitors |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-60457735}}</ref> On 18 April 2022 further restrictions on international travel that had been imposed under the Biosecurity Act were removed, allowing cruise ships to operate in Australia for the first time in over 2 years (although only in states where the state government was willing to allow cruise ships, such as NSW, Queensland and Victoria).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=25 March 2022 |title=Australia's biosecurity emergency pandemic measures to end |url=https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/australias-biosecurity-emergency-pandemic-measures-to-end}}</ref>
The cruise ship {{ship||Ovation of the Seas}} docked in Sydney on 18 March and discharged about 3,500 passengers. 79&nbsp;passengers had tested positive for the virus by 1 April.<ref name="guardian2020-04-01">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/apr/01/coronavirus-calls-to-repatriate-15000-crew-members-from-cruise-ships-off-australias-coast?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_WhatsApp |title=Coronavirus: calls to repatriate 15,000 crew members from cruise ships off Australia's coast |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 April 2020|accessdate=1 April 2020}}</ref> {{ship||Voyager of the Seas}} also docked on 18 March. On 2&nbsp;April, 34 passengers and 5 crew members had tested positive for the virus in New South Wales alone.<ref name="nswhealth-2-4-2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200402_00.aspx|title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics – News|last=|first=|date=2 April 2020|website=NSW Health|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> {{ship||Celebrity Solstice}} docked on 19 March and have contributed a further 11 cases to NSW figures by 2 April.<ref name="nswhealth-2-4-2020"/>


In May the requirement to wear a mask in the airport was removed.<ref name=":9" />
The cruise ship {{ship||Ruby Princess}} discharged 2,700 passengers in Sydney on 19 March. It was announced on 20&nbsp;March that three of 13&nbsp;passengers tested positive for the coronavirus. New South Wales health authorities asked all passengers to go into self-isolation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/20/coronavirus-thousands-who-left-cruise-ship-in-sydney-told-to-self-isolate-after-three-people-test-positive?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_WhatsApp|title=Coronavirus: thousands who left cruise ship in Sydney told to self-isolate after three people test positive|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 March 2020|accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref>


On 9 September 2022 a host of restrictions were removed. This included the requirement to wear masks on aircraft, in Western Australia the requirement to wear masks on passenger transport was removed as well. The COVID-19 mandatory isolation period was also reduced to 5 days<ref name=":10">{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Young|first=Emma|date=2 September 2022|title=WA public health rules to change as COVID-19 case numbers drop|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/western-australia/wa-to-drop-public-transport-taxi-and-rideshare-mask-requirements-20220902-p5bevh.html|access-date=12 October 2022|website=The Age|language=en}}</ref>
Also on 19 March, Qantas confirmed it would suspend about 60% of domestic flights,<ref name="QFdomsus">{{cite press|url=https://www.qantas.com/au/en/travel-info/travel-updates/coronavirus/qantas-australian-domestic-network-changes.html|title=Qantas domestic network changes|publisher=Qantas|quote=...we'll be suspending around 60 per cent of our domestic flying until the end of May 2020.}}</ref> put two thirds of its employees on leave, suspend all international flights and ground more than 150 of its aircraft from the end of March until at least 31 May 2020 following expanded government travel restrictions in response to [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]].<ref name="Reuters19Mar">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-qantas/qantas-to-cease-international-flying-tells-majority-of-workforce-to-take-leave-idUSKBN21602W|title=Qantas to cease international flying, tells majority of workforce to take leave|publisher=Reuters|date=19 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="QFintsus">{{cite press|url=https://www.qantas.com/au/en/travel-info/travel-updates/coronavirus/qantas-international-network-changes.html|title=Qantas International network changes|publisher=Qantas|quote=All Qantas and Jetstar international flights from Australia will be suspended from the end of March until at least 31 May 2020. Some additional services may be considered to assist with repatriation. More than 150 aircraft will be grounded during this time, including all of Qantas’ A380s, 747s and B787s.}}</ref>


On 21 September 2022 South Australia, New South Wales, Queensland ended the mask mandate on passenger transport
On 22 March, the government announced a second stimulus package of A$66bn, increasing the amount of total financial package offered to A$89bn. This included several new measures; most notably a coronavirus supplement of an extra {{AUD|550}} per fortnight of income support, and relaxed eligibility criteria for individuals on [[Jobseeker Payment]] (formerly Newstart), and grants of up to A$100,000 for small and medium-sized businesses.<ref name="second package"/>


On 22 September 2022 Victoria ended the mask mandate on passenger transport.<ref name=":11" />
==== Week 4 ====


On 14 October 2022 the mandatory COVID-19 isolation period was scrapped entirely and replaced with recommendations.<ref name=":12" />
On 24 March, one passenger from ''Ruby Princess'' had died and 133 on the ship had tested positive.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-24/coronavirus-cases-in-nsw-increase-and-pass-800/12080260|title=Coronavirus infections in NSW pass 800, Australia's eighth death confirmed|newspaper=ABC News|date=24 March 2020|accessdate=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324125249/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-24/coronavirus-cases-in-nsw-increase-and-pass-800/12080260|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 March, 284 passengers had tested positive.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/28/interstate-coronavirus-cases-from-ruby-princess-jump-as-32-queenslanders-test-positive|title=Interstate coronavirus cases from Ruby Princess jump as more than 100 outside NSW test positive
|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=28 March 2020|accessdate=28 March 2020}}</ref>


Public Health Emergencies, Pandemic declerations and States of Emergencies were ended in each states over the following month with Victoria on 13 October,<ref name=":12" /> Queensland on 1 November,<ref name=":13" /> Western Australia on 4 November,<ref name=":14" /> Northern Territory on 11 November,<ref name=":15" /> South Australia on 23 November,<ref name=":16" /> New South Wales on 30 November<ref name=":17" /> and the Australian Capital Territory on 28 February 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news ||last=Burnside |first=Niki |date=23 February 2023 |title=The ACT is about to drop its final COVID rule — and it says a lot about how Canberrans have handled the pandemic |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-24/act-last-covid-rules-lifted-as-rat-results-no-longer-required/102013138 |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref>
On 25 March, the [[National COVID-19 Coordination Commission]] (NCCC) was established by the Prime Minister, as a strategic advisory body for the national response to the pandemic.<ref name=ncccmr>[https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-covid-19-coordination-commission National COVID-19 Coordination Commission Media Release] [[Prime Minister's Office (Australia)|Prime Minister's Office]] Media Release 25 March 2020</ref><ref name=ncccmandarin>[https://www.themandarin.com.au/128555-national-covid-coordination-commission-established/ National COVID-19 Coordination Commission established] Shannon Jenkins [[The Mandarin (website)|The Mandarin]] 25 March 2020</ref> The NCCC's role includes providing advice on [[Public–private partnership|public-private partnerships]] and coordination to mitigate the social and economic impacts of the pandemic.<ref name=afrnccc>[https://www.afr.com/policy/economy/nev-power-to-lead-covid-19-commission-20200325-p54duh Nev Power to lead COVID-19 commission] Julie-anne Sprague [[The Australian Financial Review]] 25 March 2020</ref><ref name=ncccsmh>[https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/morrison-launches-covid-19-coordination-commission-cancels-non-urgent-surgery-20200325-p54dpx.html Morrison launches COVID-19 Coordination Commission, cancels non-urgent surgery] Dana McCauley [[Sydney Morning Herald]] 25 March 2020</ref>


==== Week 5 ====
=== Post pandemic ===
On 23 June 2023, Queensland ended the COVID-19 traffic light advice as the disease became managed in-line with other viral diseases.<ref name=":18">{{#invoke:Cite web ||last=Miller |first=Anne |date=23 June 2023 |title=Qld Dumps COVID 'Traffic Lights' |url=https://southburnett.com.au/news2/2023/06/23/qld-dumps-covid-traffic-lights/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |website=southburnett.com.au |language=en-AU}}</ref>


{{anchor|COVID chart}}
The cruise ship {{ship|MV|Artania||2}} docked at [[Fremantle]] on 27 March. Most of the 850 passengers flew home from [[Perth]] to Germany on 28–29 March. 41 passengers and crew tested positive to COVID-19 and were being treated in Perth hospitals.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/2c7aac9cd9ac8d6d78f599a5f218d06b |title=Australia prepares to fly cruise passengers to Germany |agency=Associated Press |date=27 March 2020 |access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="ABC-30-3-2020">{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-29/confirmed-coronavirus-cases-on-artania-cruise-ship-top-41/12101342|title=Coronavirus patients from Artania cruise ship sent to Joondalup hospital after 29 new COVID-19 positive tests|newspaper=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=30 March 2020|accessdate=1 April 2020}}</ref> When the cruise departed on 18 April, 79 of Western Australia's 541 cases were passengers and crew off the Artania with one death acknowledged as being a crew member from the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Perpitch |first1=Nicolas |title=Artania cruise ship leaves Fremantle after fatal coronavirus outbreak on board |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-18/artania-cruise-ship-leaves-fremantle-after-coronavirus-outbreak/12161296 |website=ABC News |accessdate=18 April 2020 |language=en-AU |date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
{{clear}}


== Statistics ==
As of 30 March, at least 440 passengers (211 in New South Wales, 71 in South Australia, 70 in Queensland, 43 in Western Australia, 22 in the Australian Capital Territory, 18 in Victoria, three in Tasmania and two in the Northern Territory) from ''Ruby Princess'' had tested positive for the virus.<ref name="guardian2020-03-31"/> As of 31 March 2020, five of them had died, one in the Australian Capital Territory, two in Tasmania, one in New South Wales and one in Queensland.<ref name="seven2020-03-31"/>
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia cases by state/territory}}
=== Clusters ===
{{main|COVID-19 clusters in Australia}}
The largest cluster in Australia from the start of the pandemic until 5 November 2021, when Australia reached its 80 percent vaccination target and entered the consolidation phase of its COVID-19 transition plan, was the Flemington/North Melbourne public housing cluster with 310 cases.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-3-august-2020 |title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 3&nbsp;August 2020 |date=3 August 2020 |publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria}}</ref> The deadliest cluster in Australia was at St Basil's Homes for the Aged in Victoria, where 45 residents died.<ref name="abc-st-basils-cluster-worst">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=McGhee |first1=Ashlynne |title=Taxpayer-funded aged care home where 45 died in COVID outbreak funnelled millions to church |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-16/st-basils-greek-church-taxpayer-funding/100068128 |access-date=16 April 2021 |work=Background Briefing (ABC Radio National) |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=15 April 2021}}</ref>


== Responses ==
The same day, the Australian Government announced its largest economic support package in response to the crisis, a $130 billion "JobKeeper" wage subsidy program. This figure was later revised to $70 billion when an error of estimation came to light.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-22/jobkeeper-numbers-cut-by-3-million-businesses-accounting-bungle/12277488|title=JobKeeper numbers cut by 3 million after Federal Government reveals accounting bungle in coronavirus stimulus program|newspaper=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=23 May 2020|accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref> The JobKeeper program would pay employers up to $1500 a fortnight per full-time, part-time or casual employee that has worked for that business for over a year, if the business fits criteria involving a loss of turnover as a result of the pandemic.<ref name="Job-Keeper"/>
{{see also|Biosecurity in Australia|Biosecurity Act 2015}}Australia pursued a [[zero-COVID]] strategy until late 2021; the stated goal of the [[National Cabinet (Australia)|National Cabinet]] was "suppression", meaning continually trying to drive community transmission to zero but expecting that new outbreaks may occur.<ref name=":6">{{#invoke:cite AV media ||date=24 July 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eeOU4Zwdys |title=Morrison says National Cabinet is committed to suppression of COVID-19, not elimination {{!}} ABC News |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604023427/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eeOU4Zwdys |archive-date=4 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> This was in contrast to the mitigation strategies implemented by most other nations. Compared to other Western countries, notably the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|United States]] and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|European countries]], Australia's handling has been commended for its effectiveness, but has been criticised by some for its curbing of [[civil liberties]].<ref name="WP-20201105">{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Patrick|first=A. Odysseus|date=5 November 2020|title=Australia has almost eliminated the coronavirus – by putting faith in science|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/australia-coronavirus-cases-melbourne-lockdown/2020/11/05/96c198b2-1cb7-11eb-ad53-4c1fda49907d_story.html|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Smythe|first=Jamie|date=13 November 2020|title=How Australia brought the COVID-19 pandemic under control|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/1dc30522-da7f-4bad-adf2-5637718c7143|url-access=subscription|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=McGowan|first=Michael|date=14 November 2020|title=Packed crowds and euphoric leaders: Australia revels in Covid-free days|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/15/packed-crowds-and-euphoric-leaders-australia-revels-in-covid-free-days|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Friedersdorf|first=Conor|date=2 September 2021|title=Australia Traded Away Too Much Liberty|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/pandemic-australia-still-liberal-democracy/619940/|url-status=live|access-date=2 September 2021|website=[[The Atlantic]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902094258/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/pandemic-australia-still-liberal-democracy/619940/ |archive-date=2 September 2021}}</ref> Distinctive aspects of that response included [[#Travel restrictions|early interventions]] to reduce reflected transmission from countries other than China during late January and February 2020; early recruitment of a large [[contact tracing]] workforce;<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=16 April 2020|title=Coronavirus Australia: How contact tracing is closing in on COVID-19|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/contact-tracing-how-disease-detectives-are-closing-in-on-covid-19-in-australia-20200410-p54itv.html|access-date=}}</ref> comparatively high public trust in government responses to the pandemic, at least compared to the US<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Otterman|first1=Sharon|date=21 June 2020|title=N.Y.C. Hired 3,000 Workers for Contact Tracing. It's Off to a Slow Start.|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/nyregion/nyc-contact-tracing.html|url-access=limited|access-date=}}</ref> and later on, the use of short, intense [[COVID-19 lockdowns|lockdowns]] to facilitate exhaustive contact tracing of new outbreaks.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Cave|first1=Damien|date=February 2021|title=One Coronavirus Case, Total Lockdown: Australia's Lessons for the World|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/01/world/australia/perth-lockdown.html|url-access=limited|access-date=|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/01/world/australia/perth-lockdown.html|archive-date=28 December 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Falconer|first=Rebecca|title=South Australia to enter strict 'circuit breaker' lockdown for 6 days|url=https://www.axios.com/south-australia-covid-lockdown-six-days-89751391-ccf9-4053-b0fb-fde1d14a4610.html|website=Axios| date=18 November 2020}}</ref> Australia's international borders have also remained largely closed, with limited numbers of arrivals strictly controlled, for the duration of the pandemic.<ref name=":1" /> Australia sought to develop a [[COVIDSafe|Bluetooth-based contact tracing app]] that does not use the privacy-preserving [[Exposure Notification]] framework supported natively by Android and Apple smartphones, and while these efforts were not particularly effective,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVIDSafe app detected just 17 contacts after millions spent|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/covid-safe-app-millions-spent-on-advertising/fd3456ce-0954-4f6f-a364-6f1f7d9923cb|website=www.9news.com.au|date=27 October 2020 }}</ref><ref name="bobo21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Bogle|first1=Ariel|last2=Borys|first2=Stephanie|date=21 May 2020|title=Google and Apple release technology to help with coronavirus contact tracing|work=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-21/google-apple-technology-help-coronavirus-contact-tracing/12271728|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="gru21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Grubb|first=Ben|date=29 June 2020|title='There's no way we're shifting': Australia rules out Apple-Google coronavirus tracing method|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/there-s-no-way-we-re-shifting-australia-rules-out-apple-google-coronavirus-tracing-method-20200629-p5573s.html|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> [[QR code]]-based contact tracing apps became ubiquitous in Australia's businesses.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Victorian Government QR Code Service|url=https://www.coronavirus.vic.gov.au/victorian-government-qr-code-service|publisher=Coronavirus Victoria}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=27 May 2021|title=Electronic check-in guidance and QR codes|url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/covid-safe/customer-record-keeping/qr-codes|publisher=NSW Government}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=8 June 2021|title=COVID SAfe Check-In|url=https://www.covid-19.sa.gov.au/restrictions-and-responsibilities/covid-safe-check-in|publisher=SA.GOV.AU: COVID-19}}</ref> These apps, which are effectively required by State Governments, give government health departments the ability to reconstruct the presence and possible contacts of anyone carrying a mobile telephone handset that was capable of checking-in using a QR code at the time of visiting shops, bars, restaurants or similar venues,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=3 August 2021|title=Local, national and calls to mobiles will now be free from Telstra payphones|work=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-03/telstra-has-made-its-15000-payphones-free/100344664|access-date=3 August 2021|quote=Salvation Army Major Brendan Nottle said it was a 'game changer' for people who couldn't afford a mobile phone, or have had to leave dangerous domestic situations. 'Many vulnerable Australians don't have access to a mobile phone so it's really important for them to break down that sense of social poverty, social isolation to connect with a friend, or to connect with a service,' he said.}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=11 March 2021|title=If your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch is lost or stolen|url=https://support.apple.com/en-au/HT201472|access-date=3 August 2021|website=Apple}}</ref><ref name="iqb15">{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Iqbal|first=Nosheen|date=15 July 2015|title=Dead-battery anxiety? Learn to live without your phone|work=The Guardian Australia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/14/mobile-phone-battery-anxiety|access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> generally for 28 days after the visit.<ref name="abc-qrcode-privacy-oct'20">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Nguyen|first1=Kevin|date=30 October 2020|title=The QR code has turned COVID-19 check-ins into a golden opportunity for marketing and data companies|work=ABC Investigations|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-31/covid-19-check-in-data-using-qr-codes-raises-privacy-concerns/12823432|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> Furthermore, venues are required to provide alternative contact registration for anyone unable to use the app.


===Travel restrictions===
On the evening of 31 March, six baggage handlers from [[Adelaide Airport]] had tested positive. As a result, up to 100 other staff from the airport were required to self-isolate, causing cancellations of flights to and from Adelaide.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-01/more-coronavirus-diagnoses-linked-to-qantas-baggage-handlers/12109076 |title=Coronavirus cluster linked to Qantas baggage handlers at Adelaide Airport continues to grow|newspaper=ABC |date=1 April 2020|accessdate=1 April 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Travel, travel restrictions and vaccinations in Australia during Covid-19.png|alt=Percentage of fully vaccinated people and international travel during Covid-19. It is visible that Australia opened the borders when most of the population was vaccinated.|none|thumb|600x600px|Percentage of fully vaccinated people and international travel during Covid-19.]]
[[File:COVID-19 travel restrictions for Australians.png|thumb|COVID-19 travel restrictions for Australians and permanent residents]]


=== April 2020 ===
====2020====
On 1 February 2020, Australia banned the entry of foreign nationals who had been in mainland China, and ordered its own returning citizens who had been in China to self-quarantine for 14 days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Pannett |first=Rachel |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/australia-s-qantas-suspends-china-flights-as-virus-impact-spreads-11580536238 |title=Australia Restricts Travelers From Mainland China as Virus Impact Spreads |date=1 February 2020 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=17 March 2020 |issn=0099-9660|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225021409/https://www.wsj.com/articles/australia-s-qantas-suspends-china-flights-as-virus-impact-spreads-11580536238|archive-date=25 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The country also began to assess the relative risk of reflected transmission through third countries,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite medRxiv ||title=Assessing the risk of spread of COVID-19 to the Asia Pacific region |first1=Freya M. |last1=Shearer |first2=James |last2=Walker |first3=Nefel |last3=Tellioglu |first4=James M. |last4=McCaw |first5=Jodie |last5=McVernon |first6=Andrew |last6=Black |first7=Nic |last7=Geard |date=19 April 2020 |medrxiv=10.1101/2020.04.09.20057257v2}}</ref> and to ask travelers arriving from higher-risk countries to monitor for symptoms. Australia subsequently imposed bans on Iran (1 March),<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6662380/new-virus-cases-trigger-tougher-travel-restrictions-on-iran/ |title=New virus cases trigger tougher travel restrictions on Iran |last=Lawson |first=Kirsten |date=4 March 2020 |website=The Canberra Times|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084148/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6662380/new-virus-cases-trigger-tougher-travel-restrictions-on-iran/|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> South Korea (5 March),<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australia-puts-travel-ban-on-south-korea-enhanced-screening-on-italy-20200305-p54770.html |title=Australia puts travel ban on South Korea, enhanced screening on Italy |last=McCauley |first=Eryk Bagshaw, Dana |date=5 March 2020 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084148/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australia-puts-travel-ban-on-south-korea-enhanced-screening-on-italy-20200305-p54770.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and Italy (11 March).<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/politics/federal/australia-extends-coronavirus-travel-ban-to-italy-20200311-p548x4.html |title=Australia bans travellers from Italy |last=Bagshaw |first=Eryk |date=10 March 2020 |website=Brisbane Times|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084146/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/politics/federal/australia-extends-coronavirus-travel-ban-to-italy-20200311-p548x4.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> From 16 March, all travellers arriving in or returning to Australia were required to self-isolate for 14 days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51894322 |title=Australia orders all arrivals to self-isolate |date=15 March 2020 |work=BBC News|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316080203/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51894322|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Failure to self-isolate could result in a fine of {{AUD}}11,000 to {{AUD}}50,000 and a possible prison sentence, depending on the state.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://7news.com.au/travel/coronavirus/australias-coronavirus-death-toll-rises-c-746159 |title=Australia's coronavirus death toll rises |date=15 March 2020 |website=7NEWS.com.au|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084148/https://7news.com.au/travel/coronavirus/australias-coronavirus-death-toll-rises-c-746159|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Cruise ships were also barred from docking in the country for 30 days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Karp |first=Paul |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/15/all-overseas-arrivals-in-australia-must-self-isolate-for-14-days-amid-new-coronavirus-rules |title=All overseas arrivals in Australia must self-isolate for 14 days under new coronavirus rules |date=15 March 2020 |work=The Guardian|access-date=15 March 2020 |issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315105650/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/15/all-overseas-arrivals-in-australia-must-self-isolate-for-14-days-amid-new-coronavirus-rules|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-15/coronavirus-covid19-self-isolation-announced-for-australia/12057772 |title=Australia enforces self-isolation on overseas arrivals, lockdowns on the table |last=Borys |first=Stephanie |date=15 March 2020 |website=ABC News|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315082054/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-15/coronavirus-covid19-self-isolation-announced-for-australia/12057772|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:WMAU Forrest Highway WA 070520 gnangarra-106.jpg|thumb|Forrest highway, Perth-Peel region checkpoint for entering the South West region]]
On 1 April, the Western Australian State Government introduced intrastate travel restriction, limiting movements between the [[Regions of Western Australia#The Regional Development Commissions Act regions|regions of Western Australia]].<ref name="Waregions">{{cite news |title=New COVID-19 restrictions on travel within WA as big queues form on WA/SA border ahead of closure - ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-24/perth-stadium-becomes-coronavirus-hq-wa-travel-warnings-issued/12085616 |accessdate=8 May 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |date=24 March 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>


On 20 March, Australia closed its borders to all non-residents and non-Australian citizens.<ref name=closeborders>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Burke |first1=Kelly |title=Australia closes borders to stop coronavirus |url=https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/australia-closes-borders-to-stop-coronavirus-c-752927 |access-date=19 March 2020 |work=[[Seven News]] |date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319081310/https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/australia-closes-borders-to-stop-coronavirus-c-752927 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Roy |first1=Eleanor |title=New Zealand and Australia close borders to foreigners amid coronavirus crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/19/new-zealand-closes-borders-to-foreigners-amid-coronavirus-crisis |access-date=19 March 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319081309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/19/new-zealand-closes-borders-to-foreigners-amid-coronavirus-crisis |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> With limited exceptions, a ban was imposed on Australians travelling overseas.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-19/coronavirus-non-resident-travel-ban-australia/12071640 |title=Australia blocks arrival of all non-citizens, non-residents in expanded coronavirus travel ban - ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>
On 2 April, the number of cases in Victoria exceeded 1,000, including over 100 healthcare workers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-02/coronavirus-death-toll-cases-rises-victoria/12112254 |title=Australian coronavirus death toll rises to 24 as Victoria records sixth death|newspaper=ABC |date=2 April 2020|accessdate=2 April 2020}}</ref>


By late March 2020, 62% of Australia's more than 3,000 coronavirus cases were among people who had returned from overseas. From then, Australians returning from overseas were subject to two weeks compulsory quarantine in hotels. The New South Wales quarantine program was helped by 150 Australian Defence Force personnel, including 30 who were stationed at hotels. In Victoria, three private security operators were contracted to provide the security,<ref name="age-out-of-bag">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Schneiders |first1=Ben |title=How hotel quarantine let COVID-19 out of the bag in Victoria |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/how-hotel-quarantine-let-covid-19-out-of-the-bag-in-victoria-20200703-p558og.html |url-access=limited |access-date=5 January 2021 |work=The Age |date=3 July 2020}}</ref> while the other states and territories used their police resources. The states and territories carried the costs of hotel quarantine.<ref name="afr-2-week-quarant">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=McIlroy |first1=Tom |last2=Fuary-Wagner |first2=Ingrid |last3=Patrick |first3=Aaron |title=Mandatory two-week hotel quarantine for returning Australians |url=https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/mandatory-two-week-hotel-quarantine-for-returning-australians-20200327-p54emy |url-access=limited |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=[[Australian Financial Review]] |date=27 March 2020}}</ref> By 19 June, since the policy came into force 81,000 people had entered Australia. Of those, 63,000 had undergone hotel quarantine, while the rest, including flight crews, international businesspeople and defence members, fell under different rules.<ref name="smh-nat-cab-cuts">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Crowe |first1=David |title=National cabinet to decide on hotel quarantine, cuts to flights |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/national-cabinet-to-decide-on-hotel-quarantine-cuts-to-flights-20200708-p55a9w.html |url-access=limited |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=8 July 2020}}</ref> Hotel quarantine had cost $118&nbsp;million as at 19 June.<ref name=abc190620>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Borys |first1=Stephanie |last2=Hayne |first2=Jordan |title=Coronavirus hotel quarantine numbers crack 60,000 people as governments spend more than $118&nbsp;million |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-19/coronavirus-hotel-quarantine-60,000-people-cost/12363288 |access-date=28 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=18 June 2020}}</ref>
On 5 April, [[New South Wales Police]] launched a [[criminal investigation]] into whether the operator of ''[[Ruby Princess]]'', [[Carnival Corporation & plc#Carnival Australia|Carnival Australia]], broke the ''[[Biosecurity Act 2015]]'' (Cwth) and New South Wales state laws, by deliberately concealing COVID-19 cases.<ref name=rpcrim>{{cite web | last1=Nguyen | first1=Kevin | last2=Thomas | first2=Sarah | title=Homicide detectives launch criminal probe into coronavirus ship deaths | website=ABC News | date=5 April 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-05/nsw-police-investigate-ruby-princess-cruise-coronavirus-deaths/12123212 | access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref>


Interstate border closures began on 19 March, with Tasmania imposing a mandatory 14-day quarantine on all "non-essential" travellers to the state, including returning residents.<ref name=abc190320>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-19/coronavirus-tasmanian-premier-announces-border-restrictions/12069764 |title=Tasmania to enforce 'toughest border measures in the country' amid coronavirus pandemic |work=ABC News |date=19 March 2020|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319152559/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-19/coronavirus-tasmanian-premier-announces-border-restrictions/12069764|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 March, Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory closed their borders, with all interstate arrivals being required to self-isolate for 14 days.<ref name=abc220320>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-22/wa-sa-set-to-close-borders-amid-coronavirus-fight/12079044 |title=Western Australia, South Australia to close borders in response to coronavirus pandemic |work=ABC News |date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322171100/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-22/wa-sa-set-to-close-borders-amid-coronavirus-fight/12079044|archive-date=22 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 April, Queensland banned interstate arrivals, with only Queensland residents and those granted 'exemption' being allowed entry.<ref name=qldgov110420>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Queensland border closure |url=https://www.covid19.qld.gov.au/government-actions/border-closing |website=COVID-19 Government Actions |date=11 April 2020 |publisher=Queensland Government}}</ref> On 8 July, the Victorian and NSW governments, jointly closed their common border, following a large spike in cases in parts of Melbourne.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite journal||title=NSW and Victorian border closures |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/news/nsw-and-victorian-border-closures |website=NSW Government |access-date=10 August 2021 |date=7 July 2020}}</ref>
On 6 April, the Department of Health revealed that 2,432 people recovered from the infection as the federal government started reporting recovery statistics. This is more than a third from the official number reported so far, Deputy Chief Medical Officer Professor Paul Kelly stating, "I think it is important. Firstly it really reinforces that message, which is a true one, that most people who get this disease do recover”. The day before, at 3pm, it was announced that 2,315 of the 5,687 confirmed coronavirus cases had recovered.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/australia-to-publish-coronavirus-recovery-tally-to-lift-optimism-20200406-p54hm6.html|title=Australia publishes virus recovery tally|last=Fowler|first=Michael|date=6 April 2020|website=The Age|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>


With the spike in coronavirus infections in Victoria linked to the hotel quarantine program, a judicial inquiry into the program in Victoria was called on 2 July; and all international arrivals into Melbourne were suspended.<ref name="Vic-premier-quuar-inquiry">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Judicial Inquiry into Hotel Quarantine Program |url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/judicial-inquiry-hotel-quarantine-program |website=www.premier.vic.gov.au |publisher=Victorian Government |access-date=28 January 2021 |date=2 July 2020}}</ref> On 9 July, other state and territory leaders agreed to reduce flights and arrivals into Australia from 8,000 to 4,000 a week to ease the burden on the hotel quarantine system. States started to charge travellers for hotel quarantine.<ref name=abc190620/><ref name="forbes-quarant-pay">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Thiessen |first1=Tamara |title=Australia Hotel Quarantine: You Will Pay $3000-$5000 Returning Home, Here Are State Details |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tamarathiessen/2020/07/13/australia-nsw-hotel-quarantine-travelers-pay-3000/ |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Forbes |date=13 July 2020}}</ref> In mid-September, the states agreed to increase the number of arrivals to 6,000 a week, to help in the repatriation of tens of thousands of Australians stranded overseas.<ref name="9news-nat-cab-update">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Pearson |first1=Nick |title=Everything you need to know about Prime Minister Scott Morrison's National Cabinet update |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-telehealth-extended-six-months-prime-minister-scott-morrison-national-cabinet/cbf3fee0-643c-41fd-84bf-a9365e520fca |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=9News |date=18 September 2020}}</ref> By 15 December 2020, 39,000 Australians were registered with the government as stranded, with more unregistered (as the government advised registration only for those needing assistance to return). After repeated flight cancellations and without access to government-provided health care or welfare benefits, many families reported being forced to overstay visas, and burn down savings and incur debt to pay for accommodations. Having to pay thousands of dollars for return tickets and mandatory hotel quarantine, some chose to send one family member back to resume work and earn enough money to pay the way of the rest.<ref name="cnn-trapped-abroad">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Gretener |first1=Jessie |title=Broken promises: Why tens of thousands of Australians will be stranded abroad this Christmas |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/australians-stranded-abroad-christmas/index.html |access-date=17 January 2021 |publisher=CNN |date=15 December 2020}}</ref> Between 13&nbsp;March and 15 July 2020, more than 357,000 people returned to Australia.<ref name="pm-nat-cab-returns">{{#invoke:cite press release ||title=Media Statement: Caps on international passengers flows |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-cabinet |website=pm.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=28 January 2021 |date=10 July 2020 |quote=Since 13&nbsp;March 2020 more than 357,000 citizens and permanent residents have returned to Australia.}}</ref> {{as of|2021|1|15}} over 37,000 Australians were stranded abroad.<ref name=abc-emirates-routes-cancel>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hawke |first1=Jack |last2=Whalan |first2=Roscoe |last3=Besser |first3=Linton |title=Emirates suspends flights to and from Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane after COVID prompts cuts to arrivals |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-16/emirates-suspends-flights-to-and-from-melbourne-sydney-brisbane/13063572 |access-date=17 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=15 January 2021}}</ref> On 29&nbsp;January 2021, the ability of Australians stuck overseas to return was further hampered when the UK banned direct flights from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the possible spread of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant|South African COVID-19 variant]]. Both [[Etihad Airways]] and [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] airlines are UAE-based.<ref name="abc-uk-uae-ban">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Taouk |first1=Maryanne |title=Major blow for Australians in UK after UAE blacklisted by British Government because of coronavirus strain |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-29/uk-government-bars-flights-from-uae-australians-abroad-disrupted/13078044 |access-date=31 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 January 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Covid-19-sign-Burnie-20200415-001.jpg|thumb|right|Roadside hospital advice in Burnie, Tasmania, telling people to call emergency services or head to [[Launceston General Hospital]]]]


An overnight curfew was introduced in Victoria on 2 August 2020, extended on 13&nbsp;September and suspended on 27 September. A Supreme Court judge has ruled the curfew was legal.<ref name="age-vic-curfew-legal">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Estcourt |first1=David |title=Court finds 'controversial' curfew was legal, dismisses case against Andrews government |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/court-finds-curfew-was-legal-dismisses-case-against-andrews-government-20201102-p56aon.html |access-date=17 January 2021 |work=The Age |date=2 November 2020}}</ref>
On 11 April, the charity [[Anglicare]] was advised of an outbreak at its Newmarch House aged care nursing home in [[Caddens]], New South Wales.<ref name="abc-newmarch-4-dead" /><ref name="7news-newmarch-24-hrs" /> On 14 April, the outbreak was linked to an infected staff member with minor symptoms, but who attended work for six shifts. Ten residents and five other staff tested positive for coronavirus.<ref name="abc-newmarch-infect-staff">{{cite news |author1=Staff |title=NSW Health confirms 10 coronavirus cases now at Western Sydney aged care home – ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-14/nsw-health-confirm-more-newmarch-house-coronavirus-cases/12148318 |accessdate=28 April 2020 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=14 April 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref> On 27 and 28 April, four residents of the home died in less than 24 hours, bringing to eleven the number of residents who had died from COVID-19 since 11 April.<ref name="abc-newmarch-4-dead">{{cite news |last1=Nguyen |first1=Kevin |title=Four more residents at Newmarch House dead after contracting coronavirus at aged care facility – |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-28/nsw-coronavirus-four-more-deaths-at-newmarch-house/12190284 |accessdate=28 April 2020 |work=ABC News (on-line) |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=27 April 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name="7news-newmarch-24-hrs">{{cite news |last1=Chapman |first1=Alex |title=Four residents at nursing home die from coronavirus in less than 24 hours |url=https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/coronavirus-death-toll-at-newmarch-house-aged-care-facility-jumps-by-four-c-1003454 |accessdate=28 April 2020 |work=7NEWS.com.au |publisher=[[7 News]] |date=28 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> By 9 May, there have been 69 COVID-19 cases linked to the facility, 32 staff and 37 residents.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}} On 19 May the 19th resident died from coronavirus.<ref name="abc-newmarch-19th">{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Sarah |title=Anglicare Newmarch House coronavirus deaths hit 19 after 93yo aged care resident dies |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-19/australia-coronavirus-deaths-hit-100-after-newmarch-fatality/12263104 |accessdate=19 May 2020 |work=ABC News (on-line) |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=19 May 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>


====2021====
On 13 April, the Tasmanian government closed the [[North West Regional Hospital]] and [[North West Private Hospital]] for cleaning, and put the entire staff of over 1000 people and their families into quarantine.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-12/tasmania-to-close-two-hospitals-due-to-coronavirus-outbreak/12143552 | title=Tasmania closes two hospitals to 'stamp out' coronavirus outbreak in the north-west | date=12 April 2020 | publisher=ABC News}}</ref>
On 25 January 2021, Health Minister [[Greg Hunt]] suspended Australia's travel bubble with New Zealand for a period of 72 hours after New Zealand authorities confirmed a community transmission case in the country's [[Northland Region]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia shuts down travel bubble with New Zealand after new Covid-19 case |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/australia-shuts-down-travel-bubble-new-zealand-after-covid-19-case?auto=6225868964001 |access-date=25 January 2021 |work=[[1News]] |date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125081600/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/australia-shuts-down-travel-bubble-new-zealand-after-covid-19-case?auto=6225868964001 |archive-date=25 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Hunt |first1=Greg |title=UPDATE - New Zealand Travel Arrangements |url=https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/update-new-zealand-travel-arrangements |publisher=[[Department of Health and Aged Care|Department of Health and Ageing]] |access-date=25 January 2021 |date=25 January 2021}}</ref> On 28 January the suspension of the travel bubble was extended for 3 more days.<ref name="abc-nz-bubble-plus3days">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Pause in travel bubble with New Zealand extended for three more days |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-28/travel-bubble-new-zealand-australia-covid-extension/13097652 |access-date=14 February 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=28 January 2021}}</ref>


On 5 February 2021, National Cabinet decided to increase the number of international passenger arrivals to Australia as from mid-February. New South Wales returned to a weekly cap of 3,010 people and Queensland to 1,000. South Australia increased by 40 people a week to 530, and Victoria by almost 200 to 1,310. Western Australia remained at a reduced arrival cap. The total national weekly cap of 4,100 increased to approximately 6,300.<ref name=abc-nat-cab-increase-caps>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Georgia |last=Hitch |title=National Cabinet decides to increase coronavirus passenger caps from mid-February, hotel quarantine remains |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-05/scott-morrison-national-cabinet-press-conference/13125888 |access-date=5 February 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=5 February 2021}}</ref>
On 15 April, a Western Australian man became the first person in Australia to be jailed for breaking a self-isolation directive.<ref name="Smh-jailed-quarantine">{{cite news |last1=McNeill |first1=Heather |title='Breathtakingly arrogant': First person jailed for breaking hotel quarantine |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/western-australia/breathtakingly-arrogant-first-person-jailed-for-breaking-hotel-quarantine-20200415-p54jzq.html |accessdate=15 April 2020 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Fairfax Media |date=15 April 2020 |language=en-au}}</ref>


On 11 February 2021, the airline [[Cathay Pacific]] decided that, excepting Sydney, from 20 February it would cease all flights to Australia until the end of the month. This was in response to the Hong Kong government's new COVID rules requiring Hong Kong based aircrew to quarantine for 14 days on return to HK.<ref name="abc-cathay-suspend-flights">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hutchens |first1=Gareth |title=Cathay Pacific temporarily suspends all flights to Australia, except to Sydney |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-11/cathay-pacific-cancels-most-australian-flights-due-to-covid-rule/13144130 |access-date=11 February 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=11 February 2021}}</ref>
On 30 April 2020, the ACT declared itself to be free of all known cases of COVID-19, the first Australian jurisdiction.<ref name="ABC News Australia">{{cite news|title=Coronavirus recovery: ACT becomes first state or territory to be free of known cases of COVID-19|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-30/coronavirus-eliminated-in-act-no-known-covid-19-cases/12201088|publisher=ABC News (Australia)|date=30 April 2020|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> However, on 4 May there was a one new case, a young woman who acquired the virus overseas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.covid19.act.gov.au/news-articles/covid-19-update-4-may-2020|title=COVID-19 update – 4 May 2020|date=4 May 2020|accessdate=29 June 2020|publisher=ACT Government|website=www.covid19.act.gov.au}}</ref> On 10 May, the ACT was again free of active COVID-19 cases.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-10/no-active-coronavirus-cases-in-canberra-again/12232804|title=Canberra free of active coronavirus cases for second time in 10 days|website=www.abc.net.au|date=10 May 2020|accessdate=29 June 2020}}</ref>


On 24 February, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria suspended their travel bubble arrangements with New Zealand in response to a recent community outbreak in [[South Auckland]]. As a result, New Zealanders traveling to these states would have to enter quarantine.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australian states burst travel bubble with New Zealand |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/124352657/australian-states-burst-travel-bubble-with-new-zealand |access-date=24 February 2021 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224232308/https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/124352657/australian-states-burst-travel-bubble-with-new-zealand|archive-date=24 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== May 2020 ===
An outbreak in Victoria at a meatworks, later revealed to be Cedar Meats, was announced on 2 May with eight cases.<ref name="Victoria 2 May 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-02-may-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 02 May 2020 | date=2 May 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=2 May 2020 }}</ref> By 8 May, the cluster of cases linked to Cedar Meats in Victoria was 71, consisting of at least 57 workers and 13 close contacts, including a nurse, aged care worker and high school student.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/may/09/cedar-meats-cluster-why-abattoir-workers-are-on-the-coronavirus-frontline|title=Cedar Meats cluster: why abattoir workers are on the coronavirus frontline|first=Matilda|last=Boseley|date=8 May 2020|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref name="Victoria 9 May 2020" /> The number had increased to 75 by 9 May,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/cedar-meats-outbreak-reaches-75-as-authorities-investigate-animal-cruelty-20200509-p54rer.html|title=Cedar Meats outbreak reaches 75 as authorities investigate animal cruelty|first1=Michael|last1=Fowler |first2=Richard|last2=Baker|date=9 May 2020|website=The Age}}</ref><ref name="Victoria 9 May 2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-09-may-2020 |title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 09 May 2020 |date=9 May 2020 |publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria |accessdate=9 May 2020 }}</ref> 88 by 13 May,<ref name="Victoria 13 May 2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-13-may-2020 |title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 13 May 2020 |date=13 May 2020 |publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria |accessdate=13 May 2020 }}</ref> and 90 by 14 May.<ref name="Victoria 14 May 2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-14-may-2020 |title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 14 May 2020 |date=14 May 2020 |publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria |accessdate=14 May 2020 }}</ref>
[[File:Food court at Adelaide mall during COVID-19 pandemic.png|left|thumb|[[Myer Centre, Adelaide|Adelaide's Myer Centre]] food court closed due to the pandemic.]]
On 9 May, two Victorian cases were announced to be related to McDonald's Fawkner.<ref name="Victoria 9 May 2020"/> By 18 May, this had increased to 12 cases, and on that day it was revealed that a delivery driver had tested positive, prompting the closing for cleaning of 12 more McDonald's locations: Melton East, Laverton North, Yallambie, Taylors Lakes, Campbellfield, Sunbury, Hoppers Crossing, Riverdale Village, Sandown, Calder Highway Northbound/Outbound, Calder Highway Southbound/Inbound, and BP Rockbank Service Centre Outbound.<ref name="Victoria 18 May 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-18-may-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 18 May 2020 | date=18 May 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=18 May 2020 }}</ref>


On 2 March 2021, the general closure of Australia's international borders to travel was extended another three months to 17 June 2021. Australia's borders had now already been closed for 12 months. The border could reopen earlier if the closure was "no longer needed".<ref name="9news-border-close-17june21">{{#invoke:Cite news||author1=9News Staff |title=Australia's international border ban extended |work=9 News |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-international-border-ban-extended-until-june-thousands-stranded-overseas/104d4a3b-6483-4f14-9677-8c426504b7d8|access-date=4 March 2021 |quote=Australia could reopen sooner 'if no longer needed'.}}</ref> Despite the border closure, between 25 March and 31 December 2020 over 105,000 exemptions were approved for people to leave Australia.<ref name="9news-trav-exempt-25mar-31dec21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Weaver |first1=Clair |title=More than 100,000 Australians given travel exemptions during pandemic |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-travel-exemptions-more-than-100000-australians-left-country-during-pandemic/e0994d0a-d76a-434a-bb4d-fecaec676640 |access-date=4 March 2021 |work=9 News |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=4 March 2021}}</ref>
As of 15 May in New South Wales, some restrictions on public gatherings were eased. After being restricted to take-away only since March, free standing cafes and restaurants, and those inside pubs and clubs, were allowed some sit-down dining. Bars and gaming areas remained closed. Ten people were permitted in restaurants and cafes, social distancing rules still had to be followed. Outdoor gatherings of up to 10 people were allowed. Up to 10 guests were permitted at weddings, funerals could have up to 20 mourners indoors, 30 outdoors. Up to 10 people were allowed at indoor religious gatherings.<ref name="abc-restricts-eased-nsw"/><ref name="7news-prem-iview-restricts"/>


By April 2021, there were still about 40,000 Australians stranded overseas by the high cost of plane tickets and the cap on the number of people in the quarantine system, which was criticised for special treatment of sportspeople and celebrities.<ref name=double>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-55851074 |date=1 April 2021 |title=Celebrities in Australia anger stranded citizens over 'double standard' |work=BBC News}}</ref> Australia was chastised by the [[United Nations Human Rights Committee]], which requested a prompt return for the country's citizens; the government has given out A$29&nbsp;million to about 3,900 stranded people as a last resort, and operated 28 repatriation flights.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/bill-reaches-29m-for-paltry-financial-assistance-for-stranded-australians-20210417-p57k0w.html |title=Bill reaches $29m for 'paltry' financial assistance for stranded Australians |date=18 April 2021}}</ref>
On 15 May, South Australia became the second jurisdiction, after the ACT, to be free of any active cases,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-15/health-authorities-say-no-coronavirus-cases-active-in-sa/12253876 |title=No remaining cases of coronavirus in South Australia, health authorities confirm |website=www.abc.net.au|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> however on 26&nbsp;May, a woman returning from overseas who was granted exemption into South Australia from her hotel quarantine in Victoria tested positive for COVID-19. This was the first new case in 19 days for the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-26/south-australia-records-new-coronavirus-case/12287142 |title=South Australia records first new coronavirus case in 19 days amid easing restrictions |website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref> On 4 June, it was announced that the woman had recovered and the state was free of any active cases once again.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news.com.au/national/breaking-news/sa-again-clear-of-active-covid19-cases/news-story/ea9e045a5d1f95d720f000ce77c7aff9 |title=SA again clear of active COVID-19 cases |website=www.news.com.au |access-date=2020-06-04}}</ref>


On 23 April, Prime Minister Morrison announced that travellers to Australia from "high risk" countries, in particular India, were to be reduced by 30 per cent.<ref name="news-com-india-arrival-limit-30%">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=McHugh |first1=Finn |title=Australia limits arrivals from India over escalating COVID-19 outbreak |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/australia-limits-arrivals-from-india-over-escalating-covid19-outbreak/news-story/d825f21623d0f1848224811ce63baeaa |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=NewsComAu |agency=NCA NewsWire |publisher=Nationwide News Pty Limited |date=22 April 2021 |quote=Arrivals from India will be reduced by a third into Australia and travellers will be forced to take COVID-19 tests before boarding as the country grapples with an escalating COVID-19 outbreak.}}</ref> This decision was based on an increase in positive results for COVID-19 among travellers from India at the [[Howard Springs, Northern Territory]] quarantine facility. Travel to such countries was also to be limited.<ref name="abc-india-pax-reduce-30%">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Flights from India to be reduced by 30 per cent after spike in COVID cases in returned travellers |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-22/national-cabinet-agrees-reduce-flights-india-covid-cases/100088608 |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 April 2021}}</ref>
On 17 May, Victoria announced two further business sites had been shut down due to a suspected case at each. Domino's Pizza in Fairfield has been shut for two weeks, and mattress manufacturer The Comfort Group in Deer Park was closed from Friday 15 May to at least Wednesday 20 May.<ref name="Victoria 17 May 2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-17-may-2020 |title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 17 May 2020 |date=17 May 2020 |publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria |accessdate=17 May 2020 }}</ref>


In general, the border restrictions had had broad public support, though critics suggested safety could be improved by constructing more outdoor quarantine centres rather than relying on urban hotels, which had suffered 16 leaks to the surrounding communities as of April 2021, out of about half a million quarantined. The government did not have an ordered queue of returnees; outside of repatriation flights, the order in which people returned was determined by commercial airlines, resulting in Australian citizens making up fewer than half of incoming travellers in February 2021.<ref name="Mao 2021">{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Mao |first=Frances |title=Australians stuck overseas 'abandoned' by their own country |website=BBC News |date=1 May 2021 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-56924188 | access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref>
On 19 May, in New South Wales, another resident of Newmarch House nursing home died from coronavirus. This brought COVID-19 related deaths at the nursing home to nineteen and the national death toll to 100.<ref name="abc-newmarch-19th"/>


On 27 April, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India#2021|"record-breaking" outbreak of COVID-19 in India]], with 323,000 new infections that day after five days with new cases peaking above 350,000, and another 2,771 COVID deaths there, the Federal Government "paused" all incoming flights from India until at least 15 May. The pause includes repatriation flights into the [[Howard Springs, Northern Territory|Howard Springs quarantine facility]] near Darwin with more than 9,000 Australians in India at this date wanting to come to Australia.<ref name="abc-india-flight-stop-27apr'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Dziedzic |first1=Stephen |last2=Hitch |first2=Georgia |title=All flights from India paused until May 15, PM says he is not abandoning stranded Australians |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-27/scott-morrison-pause-flights-india-covid-outbreak/100098322 |access-date=28 April 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=27 April 2021}}</ref>
On 21 May, the Northern Territory had also announced that there were no more active cases left in the jurisdiction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-21/last-coronavirus-case-recover-nt-has-zero-cases/12270262 |title=All NT's coronavirus patients have recovered, but the Chief Minister says 'fight' is not over |website=www.abc.net.au|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://coronavirus.nt.gov.au/updates/items/21-05-21-no-active-cases |title=No active COVID-19 cases in NT |website=www.coronavirus.nt.gov.au |access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref>


Late on 30 April, the Federal Government announced a ban on Australian citizens and permanent residents in India from entering Australia via any route. These measures came into effect on 3 May and would remain in force until 15 May.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Duran |first1=Pauline |title=Australia bans arrivals from India, says offenders face jail, fines |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/australia-bans-arrivals-india-says-offenders-face-jail-fines-2021-05-01/ |access-date=1 May 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501083703/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/australia-bans-arrivals-india-says-offenders-face-jail-fines-2021-05-01/ |archive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Breaches would be subject to punishment under the ''Biosecurity Act 2015'',<ref name=guardiancmo>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Martin |first=Sarah |title=Australians could die from Covid in India under travel ban, medical chief warns |website=The Guardian |date=3 May 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/may/03/australians-could-die-from-covid-in-india-under-flight-ban-medical-chief-warns | access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> with penalties for breaches including up to five years' jail, a fine of {{AUD|66,600,}}or both.<ref name=guardianfines>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Murphy |first=Katharine |title=Covid crisis: Australians trying to return home from India face up to $66,000 fine or five years' jail |website=The Guardian |date=1 May 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/apr/30/australian-government-may-make-it-a-for-citizens-to-return-from-covid-ravaged-countries | access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> Foreign Minister [[Marise Payne]] reported that 57% of positive cases in quarantine had come from India in April, compared with 10% in March. Unlike the prior travel bans imposed in 2020 on Iran, South Korea and Italy, and the interstate travel bans regularly imposed as outbreaks occur, the move was branded as [[Racism|racist]] by some critics,<ref name=bbcban>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Australia's India ban criticised as 'racist' rights breach |website=BBC News |date=3 May 2021 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-56967520 | access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> and a potential breach of [[international human rights law]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Kagi |first=Jacob |website=ABC News |title=Critics blast federal government's 'immoral and un-Australian' ban on citizens returning from India |date=1 May 2021 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-02/india-return-policy-labelled-immoral-and-un-australian/100109898 | access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> On 3 May 2021 the government announced that it would review this decision earlier than originally intended, possibly within the same week.<ref name=guardianfines/> There were about 9,000 Australian citizens in India, of whom 650 were considered vulnerable.<ref name=guardiancmo/>
=== June 2020 ===


On 26 June 2021 at 8:30&nbsp;pm ([[Time in Australia|AEST]]), due to multiple outbreaks across Australia of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant]], New Zealand immediately paused trans-Tasman travel with Australia until 10&nbsp;pm (AEST) on 30 June.<ref name="abc-nz-bubble-pause">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=NZ announces immediate pause to trans-Tasman travel bubble |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-06-26/nz-pauses-travel-bubble-with-australia-covid-19/100247024 |access-date=27 June 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 June 2021}}</ref>
On 6 June, both New South Wales and Victoria reported no new cases for the previous 24 hours, with only Queensland and Western Australia reporting one new case each, the lowest national total since February. Western Australia also announced two old cases. However, the new case in Queensland was linked to the Rydges on Swanston cluster in Melbourne when a man who travelled from Melbourne to Brisbane on Virgin flight VA313 on 1 June tested positive.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Department of Health and Human Services Victoria {{!}} Coronavirus update for Victoria - 06 June 2020|url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-06-june-2020|access-date=2020-07-02|website=www.dhhs.vic.gov.au}}</ref>


On 2 July, National Cabinet decided that from 14 July, the number of airline passengers allowed into Australia would be capped at 3,035, half what it was before. The Victorian, Western Australian and Queensland governments had been advocating a large decrease in incoming passenger numbers because of the highly infectious nature of the Delta COVID strain. More repatriation flights to the [[Howard Springs, Northern Territory|Howard Springs quarantine facility]] were to be organised in response.<ref name="abc-natcab-paxcap-half-2july'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hitch |first1=Georgia |title=Passenger caps slashed and a vaccine target plan in the works – here's what happened at National Cabinet |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-02/international-arrivals-caps-covid-vaccine-national-cabinet/100263052 |access-date=18 July 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2 July 2021}}</ref>
On 7 June, a man travelling from overseas to the Australian Capital Territory was diagnosed with coronavirus. This was the Territory's first new COVID-19 case in more than a month, with the last reported case being on 4 May.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-07/act-records-first-new-coronavirus-case-in-more-than-a-month/12330612|title=ACT records first new coronavirus case in more than a month|website=www.abc.net.au|access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref> By 17 June, this case had recovered and there were no longer any more active cases in the Territory once again.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6796496/act-is-coronavirus-free-as-only-active-case-recovers/|title=Canberra's one active coronavirus case recovers, territory is now free of active cases|website=www.canberratimes.com.au|access-date=2020-06-17}}</ref>


The states would receive passengers thus:
On 12 June, there were no longer any active cases in Tasmania.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-12/tasmania-has-no-active-cases-of-coronavirus/12349228|title=Tasmania to ease coronavirus restrictions early, with no active cases in the state|website=www.abc.net.au|access-date=2020-06-12}}</ref>
* Sydney: 1,505
* Perth: 265
* Adelaide: 265
* Melbourne: 500
* Brisbane: 500 (additional 150 surge capacity)<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=International air passenger arrival caps |url=https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/department/media/mr_20210825-int-air-passenger-arrival-caps.aspx |website=Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications |access-date=9 September 2021 |date=25 August 2021}}</ref>


On 1 November, Australia began to re-open to the world, with vaccinated Australian citizens and permanent residents allowed to enter NSW and Victoria without being restricted by strict flight cap numbers or long hotel quarantine stays.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web|| url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-update-australia-november-1-restrictions-whats-changing-borders-travel-boosters-explainer/1ba68002-1659-45b6-b848-0686048feb40 | title=COVID-19 reopening: All the changes taking effect from November 1st}}</ref> Other states and territories followed over the next few months.
On 20 June, the Victorian Government announced the re-tightening of restrictions on household gatherings following a spike in community transmitted cases over the previous week, reported to be mainly caused by family-to-family transmission in large household gatherings. From June 22, households can once again only have five visitors; and most easing of restrictions that were to take place were postponed.<ref name="abc-vic-june re-restrict">{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-20/victoria-coronavirus-numbers-increase-again-with-more-new-cases/12376316|title=Victorian coronavirus restrictions tightening as cases continue to increase|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=20 June 2020|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> The same day restrictions were re-tightened in Victoria, the Western Australian Government announced the state would move into "Phase 4" from June 27, permitting some of the most relaxed restrictions in the country. The listed restrictions included a reduction of the four square metre rule for enclosed venues to two square metres, as well as the allowance of 50% capacity limits for large venues such as Optus Stadium which seats 60,000 patrons at full capacity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-22/wa-coronavirus-restrictions-eased-further-phase-four-announced/12380422|title=WA coronavirus restrictions eased further as Western Australia moves to phase four|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref>


====2022====
On 30 June, the Victorian Government re-enforced local lockdowns across 10 different Melbourne postcodes. Residents in these postcodes will need to comply with the four acceptable reasons to leave their houses: shopping for essentials; for medical or compassionate needs; exercise in compliance with the public gathering restriction of two people; and for work or education purposes.<ref name=abc-vic-stay-home-again>{{cite news|last1=Nally|first1=Alicia|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-30/victorias-coronavirus-outbreak-prompts-stay-at-home-order/12407518|title=How Victoria's coronavirus lockdown across 10 Melbourne postcodes will work|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|access-date=2020-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630115739/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-30/victorias-coronavirus-outbreak-prompts-stay-at-home-order/12407518|archive-date=2020-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Davey |first1=Melissa |title=Melbourne suburbs lockdown announced as Victoria battles coronavirus outbreaks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/30/melbourne-hotspot-lockdowns-announced-as-victoria-battles-coronavirus-outbreaks |accessdate=1 July 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=30 June 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701101236/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/30/melbourne-hotspot-lockdowns-announced-as-victoria-battles-coronavirus-outbreaks |archivedate=1 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Melbourne postcodes to go back into coronavirus lockdown |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-victoria-suburbs-go-back-to-stage-3-lockdown-restrictions-from-july-1/0ad237ad-0338-4301-9a33-e995f4e27989 |accessdate=1 July 2020 |work=[[9 News]] |date=30 June 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701102103/https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-victoria-suburbs-go-back-to-stage-3-lockdown-restrictions-from-july-1/0ad237ad-0338-4301-9a33-e995f4e27989 |archivedate=1 July 2020}}</ref>
On 21 February 2022, border restrictions were removed for all vaccinated people, including non-citizens such as tourists and new immigrants, effectively opening Australia up to the world.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news|| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-60457735 | title=Covid: Australia's border reopens to international visitors | work=BBC News | date=21 February 2022}}</ref>


On 18 April 2022 further restrictions on international travel that had been imposed under the Biosecurity Act were removed, allowing cruise ships to operate in Australia for the first time in over 2 years (although only in states where the state government was willing to allow cruise ships, such as NSW, Queensland and Victoria).<ref name="health.gov.au">{{#invoke:Cite web|| url=https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/australias-biosecurity-emergency-pandemic-measures-to-end | title=Australia's biosecurity emergency pandemic measures to end | date=25 March 2022}}</ref>
=== July 2020 ===


===National Cabinet===
On 2 July, the Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews announced the "Judicial Inquiry Into Hotel Quarantine Program". This follows some cases of coronavirus in Victoria being linked by [[genomic sequencing]] to a breach in hotel quarantine infection control. The Inquiry will "… examine the operation of Victoria’s hotel quarantine program for returning travellers." It will be headed by retired judge [[Jennifer Coate]], and is scheduled to deliver its report to the Governor by 25 September.<ref name="vic-inquiry-annouce-2-july">{{cite web |title=Judicial Inquiry Into Hotel Quarantine Program |url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/judicial-inquiry-into-hotel-quarantine-program/ |website=Premier of Victoria |publisher=Victorian State Government |accessdate=20 July 2020 |date=2 July 2020 }}</ref> Andrews noted that "it is abundantly clear that what has gone on here is completely unacceptable and we need to know exactly what has happened."<ref name="vic-inquiry-annouce-2-july"/>
{{main|National Cabinet (Australia)}}
On 13 March 2020, the [[National Cabinet (Australia)|National Cabinet]], a form of national crisis cabinet akin to a [[War cabinet#Australia|war cabinet]], was created following a meeting of the [[Council of Australian Governments]] (COAG). This is the first time such a cabinet has been proclaimed since [[World War II]],<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Bonyhady |first1=Nick |last2=Duke |first2=Jennifer |title=Leaders in unprecedented 'national cabinet' to tackle coronavirus |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/leaders-in-unprecedented-national-cabinet-to-tackle-coronavirus-20200313-p549wd.html |url-access=limited |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314175730/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/leaders-in-unprecedented-national-cabinet-to-tackle-coronavirus-20200313-p549wd.html |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the only time in Australian history that a crisis cabinet has included state and territory leaders.<ref name="500People"/> The cabinet consists of the [[premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories]] and meets weekly during the crisis.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Lamb |first1=Kate |title=Australia's' 'war cabinet' set to meet as COVID-19 cases surpass 250 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-australia/australias-war-cabinet-set-to-meet-as-covid-19-cases-surpass-250-idUSKBN212015 |work=Reuters |date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315110001/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-australia/australias-war-cabinet-set-to-meet-as-covid-19-cases-surpass-250-idUSKBN212015 |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> At its first meeting on 13 March, the National Cabinet announced that gatherings of more than 500 people should be cancelled from 15 March. Schools, universities, workplaces, public transport and airports were not included in this recommendation.<ref name="500People">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-13/coronavirus-scott-morrison-coag-premiers-cancelling-events/12053382 |title=Gatherings of more than 500 people to be cancelled amid coronavirus fears |last=Worthington |first=Brett |date=13 March 2020 |work=ABC News|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313081615/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-13/coronavirus-scott-morrison-coag-premiers-cancelling-events/12053382|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Prime Minister Morrison also announced that he intended to attend a Rugby League match on 14 March; "I do still plan to go to the football on Saturday"<ref name="500People"/><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/video/2020/mar/13/scott-morrison-defends-decision-to-attend-rugby-league-game-during-coronavirus-outbreak-video |title=Scott Morrison defends decision to attend rugby league game during coronavirus outbreak – video |date=13 March 2020 |work=The Guardian|access-date=6 April 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> but later decided against attending the match.


On 29 March, the Cabinet agreed to stricter limits to apply from midnight on 30&nbsp;March: a limit on both indoor and outdoor gatherings of two people except weddings (5) and funerals (10), and people of the same household or family; strong guidance to all Australians is to stay home unless for necessary shopping, health care, exercise, and work and study that can't be done remotely; public playgrounds, skate parks and outside gyms to be closed. It was left to individual states to enforce these guidelines. They also agreed to a moratorium on evictions for six months for both commercial and residential tenancies suffering financial distress.<ref name=mr20mar>{{#invoke:cite press release ||title=National Cabinet Statement |via=Prime Minister of Australia |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-cabinet-statement |date=29 March 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415221629/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-cabinet-statement |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On 4 July, the Victorian Government announced an additional two postcodes affected by the lockdown until 29&nbsp;July 2020.<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> Furthermore, nine public housing towers housing 3,000 residents were added, with the additional condition that residents cannot leave the tower under any circumstances for five days, with the possibility of extension to 14 days.<ref name=abc-vic-pub-house-lockdown>{{cite news |title=Victoria coronavirus cases rise by 108 as Daniel Andrews strengthens lockdown at nine public housing estates |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-04/victoria-coronavirus-cases-rise-by-108-lockdown-new-postcodes/12422456 |accessdate=7 July 2020 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705110943/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-04/victoria-coronavirus-cases-rise-by-108-lockdown-new-postcodes/12422456 |archive-date=5 July 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>


From 5 July, at the request of the NSW Government, the Federal Government introduced restrictions on the number of passengers arriving at Sydney Airport. A maximum of 50 passengers per flight, and 450 international arrivals per day was set.<ref name="abc-syd-airport-restrict-5-july">{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Sarah |title=International arrivals capped at Sydney Airport to ease quarantine demands |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-04/nsw-coronavirus-cap-on-arrivals-to-ease-quarantine-pressure/12422504 |accessdate=16 July 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=4 July 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
On 2 April 2020, the Federal government announced the temporary provision of free childcare so that people could continue working, and to prevent closure of childcare centres. The Government paid half each centre's operating costs.<ref name="abc-fed-free-childcare">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Duffy |first1=Conor |last2=Kent |first2=Lucy |last3=Ryan |first3=Brad |title=Child care to become free under radical overhaul of 'pre-pandemic' sector |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-02/coronavirus-child-care-free-scott-morrison-announcement/12114110 |access-date=27 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2 April 2020}}</ref> The free childcare ended on 12 July, and the previous Child Care Subsidy was reintroduced.<ref name="abc-free-childcare-end">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Stewart |first1=Emily |title=The Federal Government's free childcare program ends on Monday. Here's what that means for you |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-10/australian-government-free-childcare-to-end-explained/12438184 |access-date=27 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=9 July 2020}}</ref>


===Human biosecurity emergency declaration===
On 6 July, the Victorian and NSW governments announced that their interstate border would be closed from the start of 8 July.<ref name="abc-vic-nsw/vic-border re-close">{{cite news |title=NSW border with Victoria to close from Wednesday as Daniel Andrews announces 127 new coronavirus cases in the state |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-06/victoria-nsw-border-to-close-over-coronavirus-fears/12424686 |accessdate=7 July 2020 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=7 July 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707110238/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-06/victoria-nsw-border-to-close-over-coronavirus-fears/12424686 |archivedate=7 July 2020}}</ref>
On 18 March 2020<ref name=decl/> a [[State of emergency|human biosecurity emergency]] was declared in Australia owing to the risks to human health posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, after a [[National Security Committee (Australia)|National Security Committee]] meeting the previous day. The ''[[Biosecurity Act 2015]]'' specifies that the [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] may declare such an emergency exists if the [[Minister for Health and Aged Care|Health Minister]] (currently [[Greg Hunt]]) is satisfied that "a listed human disease is posing a severe and immediate threat, or is causing harm, to human health on a nationally significant scale". This gives the minister sweeping powers, including imposing restrictions or preventing the movement of people and goods between specified places, and [[Emergency evacuation|evacuations]].<ref name=emergdec>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=McPhee |first=Sarah |title=Human biosecurity emergency declared in Australia |website=NewsComAu |date=17 March 2020 |url=https://www.news.com.au/national/politics/coronavirus-australia-human-biosecurity-emergency-declared/news-story/cd7fbff78297c076c8bb774595459c59 | access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> The ''Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration 2020'' was declared by the Governor-General, [[David Hurley]], under Section 475 of the Act.<ref name=decl>{{#invoke:cite report ||url=https://nswbar.asn.au/uploads/pdf-documents/biosecurity_emergency.pdf |title=Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration2020| access-date=29 March 2020 |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia}}</ref> The ''Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Emergency Requirements) Determination 2020'', made by the Health Minister on the same day, forbids international cruise ships from entering Australian ports.<ref name=parlexpl>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 Biosecurity Emergency Declaration |website=Parliament of Australia |date=27 March 2020 |first1=Howard |last1=Maclean |first2=Karen |last2=Elphick |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2020/March/COVID-19_Biosecurity_Emergency_Declaration | access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> This ban remains in place until 17 December 2021 at the earliest.<ref name=homeaffairscruiseships>{{#invoke:Cite web|| last = Department of Home Affairs (Australia)| title = COVID-19 and the border: Cruise ships and maritime| access-date = 16 November 2021| date = 20 October 2021| url = https://covid19.homeaffairs.gov.au/cruise-ships-and-maritime}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news|| title = Australians keen to set sail as government suggests cruises could return this summer| work = ABC News| access-date = 16 November 2021| date = 29 October 2021| url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-29/australians-ready-to-cruise-again/100572560}}</ref> {{update after|2021|12|17|reason=Has the cruise ship ban been lifted? Check ref "homeaffairscruiseships" for updates.}}


A [[social distancing]] rule of {{convert|4|m2|spell=in}} per person in any enclosed space was agreed by National Cabinet on 20 March, to be implemented through State and Territory laws.<ref>{{#invoke:cite press release ||date=20 March 2020 |title=Update on coronavirus measures |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-0|url-status=live |via=Prime Minister of Australia|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416173135/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-0|archive-date=16 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite press release ||date=22 March 2020 |title=Update on coronavirus measures |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-220320|url-status=live |via=Prime Minister of Australia|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416171431/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-220320|archive-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> On 22 March 2020, the [[Government of New South Wales|State governments of New South Wales]] and [[Victoria State Government|Victoria]] imposed a mandatory closure of non-essential services,<ref name=nonessential>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Australia coronavirus updates live: NSW and Victoria to shut down non-essential services |work=The [[Guardian Australia]] |last1=Knaus |first1=Christopher |last2=Wahlquist |first2=Calla |last3=Remeikis |first3=Amy |date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/22/coronavirus-updates-live-australia-nsw-victoria-qld-tasmania-cases-government-stimulus-latest-update-news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322010802/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/22/coronavirus-updates-live-australia-nsw-victoria-qld-tasmania-cases-government-stimulus-latest-update-news|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> while the [[Government of Western Australia|Governments of Western Australia]] and [[Government of South Australia|South Australia]] imposed border closures.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=SA, WA to close borders as COVID-19 cases across Australia surge |work=[[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS Australia]] |date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020 |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/sa-wa-to-close-borders-as-covid-19-cases-across-australia-surge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322072354/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/sa-wa-to-close-borders-as-covid-19-cases-across-australia-surge|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 7 July, after recording 191 new cases, Andrews announced that [[Local government areas of Victoria#Greater Melbourne|metropolitan Melbourne]] and [[Shire of Mitchell|Mitchell Shire]] would re-enter lockdown for a minimum of six weeks from 12 a.m. on 9 July.<ref name=abc-vic-reimpose>{{Cite news|date=7 July 2020 |title='We're on the cusp of something very, very bad': Premier's warning as restrictions reimposed on Melbourne|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-07/victoria-reimposes-lockdowns-as-coronavirus-cases-rise/12429990|access-date=7 July 2020|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|language=en-AU|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707054623/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-07/victoria-reimposes-lockdowns-as-coronavirus-cases-rise/12429990|archive-date=7 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 22 March Morrison announced a closure of places of social gathering, including registered and licensed clubs, licensed premises in hotels and bars, entertainment venues, including but not restricted to cinemas, casinos and nightclubs and places of worship. Cafes and restaurants could remain open but were limited to takeaway food. Similarly, enclosed spaces for funerals and things of that nature would have to follow the strict four-square-metre rule. These measures (labelled stage 1 in anticipation of possible future measures)<ref name=stage_one_announcement>{{#invoke:Cite web||author=Prime Minister |title=Media Statement |date=22 March 2020|access-date=3 December 2020 |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-220320|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020002737/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-220320|archive-date=20 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> were effective immediately at midday, 23 March.<ref name=socialgather>{{#invoke:Cite web||first1=Rob |last1=Harris|access-date=22 March 2020 |title=Drastic bans on pubs and clubs in bid to stop coronavirus |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/drastic-bans-on-pubs-and-clubs-in-bid-to-stop-coronavirus-20200322-p54csr.html |date=22 March 2020 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322104208/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/drastic-bans-on-pubs-and-clubs-in-bid-to-stop-coronavirus-20200322-p54csr.html |url-access=limited |archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||access-date=22 March 2020 |title=Pubs, Casinos And Churches To Shut In Tough New Measures After Australians Fail To Social Distance |url=https://10daily.com.au/news/australia/a200322tyhkm/pubs-casinos-and-churches-to-shut-in-tough-new-measures-after-australians-fail-to-social-distance-20200322 |website=10daily.com.au |date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322104753/https://10daily.com.au/news/australia/a200322tyhkm/pubs-casinos-and-churches-to-shut-in-tough-new-measures-after-australians-fail-to-social-distance-20200322|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Morrison stated that he would like schools to remain open, but parents could keep children at home if they wished to.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||access-date=22 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Australia to close pubs, cafes and places of worship |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51992357 |publisher=BBC |date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032845/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51992357|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 11 July, the NSW Government announced that compulsory hotel quarantine, previously free to international arrivals, would now be charged for from 18 July. Those already in quarantine will not be charged, nor will those who purchased flights and had a confirmed international arrival date before 11:59&nbsp;pm 12 July 2020 AEST.<ref name="nsw-gov-quarantine-charge-18-july" />


On 25 March 2020, the Health Minister made a second determination under the ''Biosecurity Act 2015'', the ''Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Overseas Travel Ban Emergency Requirements) Determination 2020'', which "forbids Australian citizens and permanent residents from leaving Australian territory by air or sea as a passenger".<ref name=parlexpl/> On the same day, the Prime Minister announced a further set of restrictions, labelled stage 2 restrictions, effective midnight that night. These involved mainly smaller businesses, such as nail salons and tattoo parlours, while some, such as personal training sessions, were limited to 10 people. At the same time, other gatherings were restricted, such as weddings (5 people) and funerals (10 people).<ref name=stage_two_announcement>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Sakzewski |first=Emily |title=Australia is moving to stage 2 restrictions to curb the coronavirus outbreak. Here's what's included |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=26 March 2020 |access-date=3 December 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-25/what-is-open-or-closed-in-australia-now-because-of-coronavirus/12087894|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328073552/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-25/what-is-open-or-closed-in-australia-now-because-of-coronavirus/12087894 |archive-date=28 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On 14 July, because of an increase in new cases, the NSW Government announced tightened preventative measures, and introduced new requirements for pubs. Effective as of 17 July, the new rules include per-table seating reduced from 20 to 10 and a maximum number of 300 persons in any venue.<ref name="nsw-gov-pub-rules-17-july"/>


At 12:00&nbsp;am on Tuesday 31 March, restrictions were announced on indoor and outdoor gatherings, which were called stage 3 by the media, although the label "stage 3" was not part of the official announcement. The new rule limited gatherings to two people, although it did not apply to members of the same household.<ref name=stage_three_announcement>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Sweeney |first1=Lucy |last2=Mitchell |first2=Scott |title=What are stage 4 coronavirus restrictions and what could those measures look like for Australians? |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=11 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-11/coronavirus-what-are-stage-four-restrictions-in-australia/12141480 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422023924/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-11/coronavirus-what-are-stage-four-restrictions-in-australia/12141480 |archive-date=22 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On 18 July, it was announced that a sitting of Federal Parliament, scheduled for the first 2 weeks of August, had been cancelled. Medical advice said there was a "significant risk" if members were to return to Canberra from all over Australia. Parliament is now scheduled to return on 24 August.<ref name="abc-fed-parl-cancel-aug"/>


On 14 April, the Federal government announced the "[[COVIDSafe]]" [[digital contact tracing]] app.<ref name="abc-covid-safe-launch">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-14/coronavirus-app-government-wants-australians-to-download/12148210 |title=The Government wants to track us via our phones. And if enough of us agree, coronavirus restrictions could ease |author=Andrew Probyn |date=14 April 2020 |work=ABC News|access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>
On 19 July in Victoria, Andrews announced that "face coverings" were to be made mandatory in metropolitan Melbourne and Mitchell Shire when residents leave their home. Enforcement will begin after 11.59&nbsp;pm on Wednesday 22 July to allow time to acquire a face covering. A fine of {{AUD|200}} will apply to those not complying, though there are some exemptions.<ref name="abc-vic-masks-etc-22-july"/> In addition, the State of Emergency in Victoria was extended until 11.59&nbsp;pm on 16 August 2020.<ref name="abc-vic-masks-etc-22-july"/><small> (See 19 July in [[COVID-19 pandemic in Australia#Victoria|Victorian section]] for more details.)</small>


On 25 April 2020, the ''Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Emergency Requirements—Public Health Contact Information) Determination 2020'', made under subsection 477(1) of the Act, was signed into law by the Health Minister.<ref name=appleg>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Emergency Requirements—Public Health Contact Information) Determination 2020 |website=Federal Register of Legislation |publisher=Australian Government |date=25 April 2020 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2020L00480 | access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> The purpose of the new legislation was "to make [[contact tracing]] faster and more effective by encouraging public acceptance and uptake of COVIDSafe", [[COVIDSafe]] being the new [[mobile app]] created for the purpose. The function of the app was to record contact between any two people who both had the app on their phones when they come within {{convert|1.5|m|ft}} of each other. The encrypted data would remain on the phone for 21 days of not encountering a person logged with confirmed COVID-19.<ref name=covidsafe>{{#invoke:Cite web||first=t Brett |last=Worthington |title=Coronavirus tracing app COVIDSafe released by Government to halt spread of COVID-19 in Australia |website=ABC News |date=26 April 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-26/coronavirus-tracing-app-covidsafe-australia-government-covid-19/12186130 | access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref>
On 20 July, the number of daily overseas arrivals allowed at Sydney Airport was reduced from 450 (since July 5) to&nbsp;350.<ref name=nsw-gov-syd-airport-restrict-20-july>{{cite web |title=NSW sets new airport arrival limits |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/nsw-sets-new-airport-arrival-limits |website=www.nsw.gov.au |publisher=NSW Government |accessdate=19 July 2020 |language=en-AU |date=19 July 2020}}</ref>


On 3 September 2020, the human biosecurity emergency period under the Biosecurity Act 2015 was extended until 17 December.<ref name="news.com--dictator-dan">{{#invoke:Cite news||author1=Staff writers |title=Coronavirus live: Bec Judd slams 'Dictator Dan' for lockdown |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/coronavirus/australia/coronavirus-victoria-nsw-live-updates/live-coverage/71928c00fd386e185125f013916b512b |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=news.com.au |publisher=Nationwide News Pty Ltd |date=4 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="health-dept-biosec-emerg-extend">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Human Biosecurity Emergency Period Extended By Three Months |url=https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/human-biosecurity-emergency-period-extended-by-three-months |website=health.gov.au |publisher=Australian Department of Health |access-date=3 March 2021 |date=3 September 2020}}</ref>
Also on 20 July, it was announced that the Coronavirus Supplement and JobKeeper subsidy would be extended, but in altered form at a lower rate, beyond 24 September.<ref name="sbs-virus-supp-∆-20-july">{{cite news |last1=Stayner |first1=Tom |title=JobKeeper and JobSeeker to be extended beyond September at lower rate with stricter eligibility |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/jobkeeper-and-jobseeker-to-be-extended-beyond-september-at-lower-rate-with-stricter-eligibility |accessdate=20 July 2020 |work=SBS News |publisher=Special Broadcasting Service |date=20 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


===National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board===
From 22 July in Victoria, announced on 19 July, visitations in aged care/ health care settings will be restricted to carers only and a limit of one hour per day.<ref name="abc-vic-masks-etc-22-july"/>
{{main|National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board}}
On 25 March, the [[National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board|National COVID-19 Coordination Commission]] (NCCC) was established by the Prime Minister as a strategic advisory body for the national response to the pandemic.<ref name="ncccmr">[https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-covid-19-coordination-commission National COVID-19 Coordination Commission Media Release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410151256/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-covid-19-coordination-commission |date=10 April 2020 }} [[Prime Minister's Office (Australia)|Prime Minister's Office]] Media Release 25 March 2020</ref><ref name="ncccmandarin">{{#invoke:Cite news ||last=Jenkins |first=Shannon |date=25 March 2020 |title=National COVID-19 Coordination Commission established |work=[[The Mandarin (website)|The Mandarin]] |url=https://www.themandarin.com.au/128555-national-covid-coordination-commission-established/ |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref> (On 27 July 2020, the Prime Minister renamed the organisation to the "[[National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board]]" (NCC).<ref name="NCC July">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=NCC |website=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |date=July 2020 |url=https://pmc.gov.au/ncc | access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>) The NCC's role includes providing advice on public-private partnerships and coordination to mitigate the social and economic impacts of the pandemic.<ref name="afrnccc">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.afr.com/policy/economy/nev-power-to-lead-covid-19-commission-20200325-p54duh |url-access=subscription |title=Nev Power to lead COVID-19 commission |first=Julie-anne |last=Sprague |work=The Australian Financial Review |date=25 March 2020 |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="ncccsmh">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/morrison-launches-covid-19-coordination-commission-cancels-non-urgent-surgery-20200325-p54dpx.html |url-access=limited |title=Morrison launches COVID-19 Coordination Commission, cancels non-urgent surgery |first=Dana |last=McCauley |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=25 March 2020 |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref>


On 29 March, Prime Minister Morrison announced in a press conference following a National Cabinet meeting that public gatherings would be limited to two people, while also urging Australians over the age of 70, Australians with [[Chronic condition|chronic illness]] over the age of 60 and [[Indigenous Australians]] over the age of 50 to stay home and self-isolate.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/mar/29/coronavirus-australia-latest-at-a-glance |title=Coronavirus Australia latest: at a glance |date=29 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> Morrison also clarified that there were only four acceptable reasons for Australians to leave their houses: shopping for essentials; for medical or compassionate needs; exercise in compliance with the public gathering restriction of two people; and for work or education purposes.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-29/scott-morrison-coronavirus-covid19-two-person-rule-explained/12101212 |title=Scott Morrison just announced the two-person rule in the fight against coronavirus, but what does it actually mean? |date=29 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref>
In late July, billionaire businessman [[Clive Palmer]] claimed that the closing of the borders by the Western Australian government was [[unconstitutional]] and he launched a legal challenge in the [[Federal Court]]. In response the Western Australian Premier [[Mark McGowan]] labelled Palmer an [[enemy of the state]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/i-think-he-s-the-enemy-of-australia-mcgowan-ramps-up-war-of-words-with-palmer-on-wa-border-battle-20200731-p55hdj.html|title='I think he’s the enemy of Australia': McGowan ramps up war of words with Palmer on WA border battle|accessdate=31 July 2020|date=31 July 2020|author1=Daile Cross|author2=Nathan Hondros|publisher=[[Fairfax Media]]|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Palmer also claimed that the border closure would "destroy the lives of hundreds of thousands of people for decades" and compared the death toll of [[COVID-19]] with that of road accidents and [[influenza]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-30/clive-palmer-claims-coronavirus-border-policy-destroying-lives/12506720|last=Weber|first=David|title=Clive Palmer claims Mark McGowan's coronavirus hard border will destroy lives of West Australians|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=30 July 2020|accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref>


===National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce===
=== August 2020 ===
<!---redirects target this section--->
On 2 August in Victoria, a state of disaster was declared effective from 6&nbsp;pm that day. Restrictions were to be tightened including a curfew across Melbourne from 8:00pm to 5:00am. Melbourne is to move to stage&nbsp;4 and regional Victoria stage&nbsp;3 restrictions.<ref name="abc-vic-curfew-2-aug"/> Other changes are that from 8 August abattoir production will be reduced by a third, poultry production by one fifth to allow for reduction of worker numbers. Major supermarkets reintroduced limits on meat purchases.<ref name="abc-vic-meat-cut-6-aug">{{cite news |title=Victorian meat plants are cutting output by a third. Here's how it will impact supermarket shelves |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-06/what-does-cut-in-victoria-abattoirs-output-mean-for-supermarkets/12530570 |accessdate=7 August 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=6 August 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
In March 2020 the National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce was set up, which is an independent consortium of 34 national peak clinical groups. Hundreds of health professionals from around the country review the latest research on the disease, and maintain evidence-based data and recommendations for clinicians to enable them to provide the best care for people with COVID-19. Initial funding came from the Commonwealth Department of Health, Victorian Department of Health, the [[Ian Potter]] Foundation, the Walter Cottman Endowment Fund, and the Lord Mayors' Charitable Foundation. {{as of|September 2022}} it is funded by the Commonwealth Department of Health.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web|| title=FAQs | website=National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce | url=https://covid19evidence.net.au/faqs/ | access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web|| title=COVERAGE: COVID 'long-haulers', A/Prof Elliott on Saturday AM | website=National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce | url=https://covid19evidence.net.au/news/coverage-covid-long-haulers-a-prof-elliott-on-saturday-am/ | access-date=12 September 2022}}</ref>


=== Vaccine supply ===
[[Scott Morrison]] withdrew support of Clive Palmer's legal challenge to WA border entry restrictions on 2&nbsp;August after receiving a public backlash against his previously supportive stance. Mark McGowan praised the Commonwealth for its withdrawal and indicated the Western Australian government would continue to fight the case. He urged Palmer to withdraw.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.watoday.com.au/politics/western-australia/morrison-drops-commonwealth-involvement-in-palmer-s-hard-border-legal-fight-20200802-p55hon.html|title=Morrison drops Commonwealth involvement in Palmer's 'hard border' legal fight|author1=Nathan Hondros|author2=Lauren Pilat|date=2 August 2020|accessdate=2 August 2020|work=WA Today|publisher=[[Fairfax Media]]}}</ref>
The Australian government entered into agreements with [[Pfizer]]/[[BioNTech]], [[University of Oxford]]/[[AstraZeneca]], [[Novavax]], the [[University of Queensland]] and [[COVAX]] for the supply of vaccines.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Australia's vaccine agreements |date=23 October 2020 |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health |url=https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/about-covid-19-vaccines/australias-vaccine-agreements |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> The [[V451 vaccine|University of Queensland vaccine]] was abandoned in December 2020 after trials revealed that, while it was safe, it triggered false positives on [[HIV]] tests.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Update on UQ COVID-19 vaccine - UQ News |publisher=The University of Queensland |url=https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2020/12/update-uq-covid-19-vaccine |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=20201211 Update on The University of Queensland COVID-19 vaccine |publisher=CSL Limited |url=https://www.csl.com/news/2020/20201211-update-on-the-university-of-queensland-covid-19-vaccine |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> The [[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA) provisionally approved the [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|Pfizer vaccine]] in January 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=TGA provisionally approves Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for use in Australia |date=23 January 2021 |newspaper=Australian Government Department of Health |url=https://www.health.gov.au/news/tga-provisionally-approves-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine-for-use-in-australia |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> The Australian government ordered 10 million doses, with the first 80,000 to be delivered in February 2021, but production problems and the imposition of export controls by the [[European Union]] (EU) onto deliveries to countries outside Europe made meeting the delivery schedule problematic.<ref name="Vaccine supply fight escalates"/>


Delivery issues also affected deliveries of the [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine]], which was provisionally approved by the TGA in February,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=16 February 2021 |title=AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine approved for use in Australia |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-16/coronavirus-astrazeneca-vaccine-approved-for-use-in-australia/13115784|access-date=17 February 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> and received final approval in March.<ref name="abc-ox-astra-oz-manu-approve"/> Orders were reduced from 3.8&nbsp;million to 1.2&nbsp;million doses of this vaccine, which was manufactured in Belgium,<ref name="Vaccine supply fight escalates">{{#invoke:Cite news||newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=Vaccine supply fight escalates as EU demands millions of doses from UK |date=28 January 2021 |first=Bevan |last=Shields |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/vaccine-supply-fight-escalates-as-eu-demands-millions-of-doses-from-uk-20210128-p56xcj.html |url-access=limited |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=AstraZeneca, Pfizer hopeful to meet vaccine supply dates despite "fluid" Europe situation |date=28 January 2021 |first=Rachel |last=Clun |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/pfizer-open-to-discussing-more-covid-19-vaccine-doses-for-australia-20210128-p56xf2.html |url-access=limited |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> and arrival was pushed back to March 2021.<ref name="What do we know so far about Australia's COVID vaccine rollout">{{#invoke:Cite news||newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=What do we know so far about Australia's COVID vaccine rollout? |date=28 January 2021 |first=Mary |last=Ward |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/what-do-we-know-so-far-about-australia-s-covid-vaccine-rollout-20210127-p56x5v.html |url-access=limited |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> [[CSL Limited]] began manufacturing 50 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine in Melbourne in November 2020. Deliveries were expected to commence in March.<ref name="9news-csl-make-vacc">{{#invoke:Cite web||first=Stuart |last=Marsh |title=CSL rules out any local Novavax vaccine production until after AstraZeneca run |website=www.9news.com.au |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/australia-coronavirus-csl-could-not-produce-novavax-until-after-astrazeneca/89aab0d0-89fd-48e1-a668-db53ff16e735 |date=14 January 2021 |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> The AstraZeneca vaccine could be stored at normal refrigeration temperatures of {{cvt|2|to|8|C}}, whereas the Pfizer vaccine required storage at {{cvt|-70|C}}.<ref name="What do we know so far about Australia's COVID vaccine rollout"/> However, concerns were raised about the efficacy of the AstraZeneca vaccine.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=AstraZeneca rejects 'completely incorrect' reports on its COVID-19 vaccine efficacy |publisher=SBS News |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=27 January 2021 |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/astrazeneca-rejects-completely-incorrect-reports-on-its-covid-19-vaccine-efficacy |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Melissa |last=Davey |title='Too early' to say whether AstraZeneca Covid vaccine will go to older people in Australia |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jan/27/too-early-to-say-whether-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-will-go-to-older-people-in-australia |date=27 January 2021 |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> The [[Immunology & Cell Biology]] called for a pause in its rollout, as the efficacy of the vaccine reported by trials was insufficient to achieve the desired [[herd immunity]] effect.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Expert Reaction: Scientists call for pause to AstraZeneca vaccine rollout |publisher=Scimex |url=https://www.scimex.org/newsfeed/expert-reaction-scientists-call-for-pause-on-astrazeneca-vaccine-rollout |date=13 January 2021 |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> CSL management declined an invitation to appear before an [[Australian Senate]] inquiry.<ref name="Christmas Covid outbreaks a result of putting economy ahead of health">{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Paul |last=Karp |title=Christmas Covid outbreaks a result of putting economy ahead of health, AMA says |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jan/28/christmas-covid-outbreaks-a-result-of-putting-economy-ahead-of-health-ama-says |date=28 January 2021 |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref>
On 7 August easing of internal WA restrictions were deferred to at least 29&nbsp;August due to the Victorian outbreak.<ref name="abc-wa-easing-defer-7-aug"/>


Although the [[Prime Minister of Australia]], [[Scott Morrison]], said that Australia would be "at the front of the queue",<ref>{{#invoke:cite press release ||title=Australia Secures a further 50 Million Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine |publisher=Prime Minister of Australia |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/australia-secures-further-50-million-doses-covid-19-vaccine |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> and the [[Minister for Health and Aged Care]], [[Greg Hunt]], claimed that Australia would be among the first countries to receive COVID-19 vaccines, 61 other countries had already commenced vaccinating their citizens by the end of January 2021, while the Australian vaccination rollout was not scheduled to commence for another month.<ref name="Christmas Covid outbreaks a result of putting economy ahead of health"/>
== Statistics ==
{{See also|Template:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic data/Australia medical cases|label1=Timeline of cases in Australia}}


On 15 February 2021, 142,000 doses of the [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine]] arrived in Australia. The first doses were due to be administered on 22 February.<ref name=abc-pfizer-vacc-here>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hitch |first1=Georgia |title=First Pfizer coronavirus vaccine doses arrives in Australia, ahead of first jabs next week |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-15/pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine-doses-arrive-australia-rollout/13155726 |access-date=15 February 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=15 February 2021}}</ref> The world-wide distribution of the vaccine has been described as "the largest logistics effort in the world since World War" by Dr Roberto Perez-Franco of the Deakin University's Centre for Supply Chain and Logistics.<ref name=abc-ww2-logistics>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Purtill |first1=James |title=Distributing Pfizer and other COVID vaccines 'the largest logistics effort in the world since World War II' |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2020-12-08/covid-19-coronavirus-pfizer-vaccine-distribution-logistics/12956768 |access-date=15 February 2021 |department=ABC Health & Wellbeing |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=7 December 2020 |quote=This is the largest logistics effort in the world since World War II – Dr Roberto Perez-Franco}}</ref> This was followed, on 28 February, by 300,000 doses of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine, which arrived at Sydney airport. It was planned that most Australians would be vaccinated with this vaccine, the majority manufactured in Australia by [[CSL Limited]].<ref name="news-com-astrazen-vacc-arrives">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Antrobus |first1=Blake |title=First batch of AstraZeneca vaccine arrives in Australia |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/coronavirus/australia/vaccine-milestone-reached-as-first-300000-astrazeneca-doses-flown-into-australia/news-story/5ec1ff2b1fd8b5fc15fb3af844774f89 |access-date=28 February 2021 |work=NewsComAu |agency=NCA NewsWire |publisher=Nationwide News Pty Ltd |date=28 February 2021}}</ref> On 5 March, Italy and the [[European Union]] blocked a shipment of 250,000 doses of the Oxford−AstraZeneca vaccine from Italy to Australia, citing low COVID-19 case numbers in Australia and the limited availability of vaccines in the EU.<ref name="abc-ox-astra-vacc-export ban">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Italy, EU refuse AstraZeneca request to ship 250,000 doses of vaccine to Australia |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-05/italy-eu-block-250000-astrazeneca-doses-to-australia/13218348 |access-date=5 March 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=4 March 2021}}</ref>
===Cases===
<div style="display: flex">{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia cases by state/territory}}</div>


Local manufacturing began in November 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=CSL Commences Manufacturing of University of Oxford/AstraZeneca Vaccine Candidate in Melbourne |url=https://www.csl.com/news/2020/20201108-csl-commences-manufacturing-of-university-of-oxford-astrazeneca-vaccine-candidate |website=www.csl.com |publisher=CSL |access-date=10 August 2021 |date=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=The high-risk move one Australian company is hoping will pay off in the fight against COVID-19 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-09/coronavirus-oxford-astrazeneca-vaccine-production-begins/12864072 |access-date=10 August 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |agency=ABC News |date=9 November 2020}}</ref> On 16 February, the first vials of COVID-19 vaccine produced in Australia came off the production line at the [[CSL Behring]] plant in [[Broadmeadows, Victoria|Broadmeadows]], Melbourne.<ref name="d-tele-oz-vacc-made">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Frost |first1=Alanah |title=Smiles on dials with Oz vials |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=18 February 2021 |page=5}} (printed edition)</ref> This is the active raw vaccine material. The vaccine vials are filled and packaged into doses by [[CSL Limited|Seqirus]], a CSL subsidiary in [[Parkville, Victoria|Parkville]], Melbourne.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Seqirus to manufacture AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in Australia |publisher=Manufacturer's Monthly |url=https://www.manmonthly.com.au/news/csl-manufactures-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-australia/ |access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref> Production of the AstraZeneca vaccine in Australia received its final approval from the TGA on 21 March.<ref name="abc-ox-astra-oz-manu-approve">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Macmillan |first1=Jade |title=TGA approves domestic production of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine By political reporter |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-21/tga-approves-domestic-production-of-astrazeneca-vaccine/100020186 |access-date=21 March 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=21 March 2021}}</ref> Some front line health care workers were reported to have preferred the Pfizer vaccine over the AstraZeneca one.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Healthcare workers warned against 'vaccine shopping' as elderly turned away from mass clinic |first1=Melissa |last1=Cunningham |first2=Jackson |last2=Graham |date=31 March 2021 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/healthcare-workers-warned-against-vaccine-shopping-as-elderly-turned-away-from-mass-clinic-20210331-p57fnt.html |url-access=limited |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref>
====Cumulative cases====


The Australian government had also signed a deal with Novavax for 51 million doses of its vaccine, with supply originally slated for "mid-2021".<ref name="Australia's COVID-19 vaccine supply is still patchy">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia's COVID-19 vaccine supply is still patchy. But will other vaccines help fill the void? |date=4 April 2021 |first=Nick |last=Sas |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-04/australia-covid19-vaccine-supply-gaps-void-to-be-filled/100043348 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> As of April 2021, it had yet to be approved by the TGA. It is not manufactured in Australia, so like the other imported vaccines, its availability was uncertain. In trials it was reported to be 95.6 per cent effective against COVID-19, and an 86.3 per cent effective against the variant identified in the UK.<ref name="Australia's COVID-19 vaccine supply is still patchy"/> Australia's first human trials of a candidate COVID-19 vaccine was Novavax's [[Novavax COVID-19 vaccine|NVX-CoV2373]] which began in Melbourne by 26 May 2020.<ref name="abc-first-vacc-trial-melb">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Human trials of potential coronavirus vaccine begin in Melbourne |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-26/coronavirus-vaccine-trial-begins-in-melbourne-brisbane/12286028 |access-date=21 February 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 May 2020}}</ref>
The numbers of cases in the tables below referred to the number of cases at the end of each day (23:59 AEDT) until 4 April 2020. Since 5 April 2020, the federal government standardised the daily case number release time to 15:00 AEST which is reflected in the data.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://health.govcms.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2020/04/coronavirus-covid-19-at-a-glance-5-april-2020_0.pdf|title=COVID-19 at a Glance Infographic (5th April)|website=www.health.gov.au}}</ref>


In a February 2021 pre-budget submission, the [[Australian Academy of Science]] renewed its call for the government to develop the capability to produce [[mRNA vaccine]] technology in Australia. The ability to mass-produce such vaccines onshore would insulate Australia against supply shocks, and cater for future pandemics and potential biosecurity situations. The mRNA coronavirus vaccines made by Moderna and Pfizer showed strong results in clinical trials and are expected to be easier to reconfigure to cater for new virus variants than more conventional vaccines.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Australian Government urged to invest in updated vaccine manufacturing capability |publisher=Australian Academy of Science |url=https://www.science.org.au/news-and-events/news-and-media-releases/aust-government-urged-invest-updated-vaccine-manufacturing-capability |access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=Scientists and government pushing for ways to make mRNA vaccines here |date=3 February 2021 |first1=Emma |last1=Koehn |first2=Liam |last2=Mannix |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/scientists-and-government-pushing-for-ways-to-make-mrna-vaccines-here-20210203-p56z4n.html |url-access=limited |access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref>
This data has been compiled by recording the daily values from the infographic available under "Current Status" on the Australian Government's Department of Health website.<ref name="health-current-status"/> Under National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System reporting requirements, cases are reported based on their Australian jurisdiction of residence rather than where they were detected.


The US [[Moderna]] company entered an agreement with the Australian Federal government, announced on 13 May 2021, to provide 25&nbsp;million doses of its [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 vaccine 'mRNA-1273']], subject to TGA approval.<ref name="abc-moderna-vacc-deal">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Johnson |first1=Paul |last2=and |first2=Staff |title=Moderna announces 25 million doses of their COVID-19 vaccine for Australia |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-13/moderna-announce-25-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-for-australia/100135726 |access-date=13 May 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
| '''Cumulative confirmed cases by state, territory & nationally'''
|-
| {{COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia medical cases}}
|}


=== Vaccinations ===
{{small|The following charts represent changes in net number of cases on a daily basis and is based on the number of cases reported in the Federal Government's daily reports. }}
{{summarize|from|COVID-19 vaccination in Australia|section=y|brevity=y|date=July 2021}}
[[File:Garran Surge Centre May 2021.jpg|thumb|A COVID-19 vaccination clinic in Canberra]]{{main |COVID-19 vaccination in Australia}}
The first public [[COVID-19 vaccination in Australia]], with the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine, took place on 21&nbsp;February 2021 in Sydney. An 84-year-old aged care resident was the first Australian to receive the vaccine following TGA approval. Prime Minister Morrison and Chief Medical Officer Professor Paul Kelly also received vaccinations.<ref name="fed-gov-health-vaccinate">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=When will I get a COVID-19 vaccine? |url=https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/getting-vaccinated-for-covid-19/when-will-i-get-a-covid-19-vaccine |website=www.health.gov.au |publisher=Federal Department of Health |access-date=21 February 2021 |date=21 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="smh-pfizer-doses-start">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Dye |first1=Josh |last2=Clun |first2=Rachel |title=COVID-19 vaccines begin as Prime Minister receives Pfizer immunisation |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/covid-19-vaccines-begin-as-prime-minister-receives-pfizer-immunisation-20210221-p574cw.html |access-date=21 February 2021 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=21 February 2021}}</ref>


The first Australian to receive the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine was a doctor in regional South Australia on 5 March 2021 at [[Murray Bridge, South Australia|Murray Bridge]] Hospital.<ref name="abc-ox-astra-vacc-first-oz-dose">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=South Australian doctor receives first AstraZeneca vaccination shot in Australia |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-05/first-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-in-australia-murray-bridge/13218604 |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=5 March 2021}}</ref>
{{COVID-19 pandemic in Australia/New Cases by Differences}}


More than 2 million COVID-19 vaccinations had been administered in Australia by 28 April 2021, but this was 3&nbsp;million short of original plans.<ref name="abc-vaccination-2milln.+">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia's COVID-19 vaccine rollout – the forecast vs reality |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-02/australia-covid-19-vaccine-rollout-chart-behind-astrazeneca/100103792 |access-date=2 May 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=1 May 2021}}</ref> By 6 June, over 5 million vaccinations had been administered. Approximately 4.45&nbsp;million were first doses, nearly 570,000 were second doses.<ref name=covid-doses-@6jun-21>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=16 March 2021 |title=Tracking Australia's COVID vaccine rollout numbers |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |url=https://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-02/charting-australias-covid-vaccine-rollout/13197518?nw=0&pfmredir=sm|access-date=6 June 2021}} (NB: The data on this site changes daily)</ref>
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|Show total in Australia (Linear Scale)|
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|Show total in Australia (Logarithmic Scale)|


On 5 October 2021, Australia reached 80% of the eligible population (aged 16 and older) having had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine.<ref name="abc-oz-80%popn-1dose-5sept'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Evans |first1=Jake |title=Australia hits COVID vaccination milestone and climbs the global first jab rankings |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-05/covid-vaccination-rate-reaches-80-per-cent-for-16-plus/100514500 |access-date=5 October 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=5 October 2021}}</ref>
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|Show by States and Territories (Linear Scale)|
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|Show by States and Territories (Stacked Area)|
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====Adverse reactions====
{{Side box
{{Further|Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination|Vaccine adverse event}}
|metadata=No<!--The value 'No' apparently makes the box display on the mobile site-->
| position = left<!--To align with the other graphs on the page.-->
| above = '''Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases in Australian States and Territories.'''
|abovestyle=text-align:center|text=


As of 18 July 2021, there have been a total of over 10.125&nbsp;million vaccine doses administered of which 41,406 adverse events following vaccination have been reported. However, not all reported adverse events were attributable to and associated with vaccination.<ref name="TGA-WeeklySummary">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 vaccine weekly safety report - 22-07-2021 |url=https://www.tga.gov.au/periodic/covid-19-vaccine-weekly-safety-report-22-07-2021 |website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) |date=22 July 2021 |publisher=TGA (Department of Health) |access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref> The most common adverse effects following immunisation as reported to the TGA are predictable and have been observed with many other vaccines. They include headache, muscle pain, fever, chills and injection site reactions.<ref name="TGA-WeeklySummary"/> The TGA reviews reports of deaths in people who have recently been vaccinated and {{As of|2021 | 7 | 22 |lc=y}} found six that were linked to immunisation. These deaths were all related to a first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine – five had [[Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination|thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome]] (TTS) and one had immune [[thrombocytopenia]] (ITP) out of 6.1&nbsp;million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine.<ref name="TGA-WeeklySummary"/>
{{Switcher|
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|New South Wales|


====Vaccine hesitancy and messaging====
{{Graph:Chart
There were calls for a more effective [[advertising campaign]] that would go beyond presenting facts that inform,<ref name="yus21">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=With calls for fresh COVID vaccine ads, what can we learn from past campaigns? |first=Ahmed |last=Yussuf |date=23 May 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-23/what-can-we-learn-from-hiv-aids-campaign-for-covid/13352356 |access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref> to use of emotion to change people's behaviour to overcome apparent lack of "trust in the government".<ref name="mor21">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia's vaccination ad is 'literally wallpaper'. How can it be fixed? |first=Robert |last=Moran |date=22 May 2021 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/tv-and-radio/australia-s-vaccination-ad-is-literally-wallpaper-how-can-it-be-fixed-20210521-p57u0g.html |url-access=limited |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="ATAGI2104">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=8 April 2021|title=ATAGI statement on AstraZeneca vaccine in response to new vaccine safety concerns|url=https://www.health.gov.au/news/atagi-statement-on-astrazeneca-vaccine-in-response-to-new-vaccine-safety-concerns|access-date=20 May 2021|series=Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation|publisher=Australian Government|department=[[Department of Health (Australia)|Department of Health]]}}</ref> On 23 May 2021 Health Minister Greg Hunt reiterated that a sufficient supply of Pfizer is expected to begin arriving in October, with AMA president Omar Khorshid adding this promised supply means "everyone who wanted it could have both doses by Christmas" of 2021.<ref name="mako21">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Two million Pfizer doses a week from October, enough for everyone by Christmas |first1=James |last1=Massola |first2=Michael |last2=Koziol |date=23 May 2021 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/two-million-pfizer-doses-a-week-from-october-enough-for-everyone-by-christmas-20210521-p57u25.html |url-access=limited |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref> Nevertheless, government, AMA and ATAGI advice remains for everyone to vaccinate as soon as possible and not to wait, because the (potentially future) risk of community transmission in Australia remains a possibility,<ref name="ATAGI2105">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=23 May 2021|title=Joint statement from ATAGI and THANZ on Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS) and the use of COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca|url=https://www.health.gov.au/news/joint-statement-from-atagi-and-thanz-on-thrombosis-with-thrombocytopenia-syndrome-tts-and-the-use-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca|access-date=23 May 2021|series=Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation|publisher=Australian Government|department=[[Department of Health (Australia)|Department of Health]]}}</ref><ref name="mako21"/><ref name="bro21">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Five words that could derail Australia Covid vaccine plans |first=Benedict |last=Brook |date=28 May 2021 |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/five-words-that-could-derail-australia-covid-vaccine-plans/news-story/3396224566321bf566a7dc28988ab6d8 |work=news.com.au |publisher=Nationwide News |access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref> and which until 17 June 2021 over {{formatnum:{{#expr: floor( 25776223 * 35.1 / 100.0 / 1000000 )}}}} million Australian residents over 50 had to weigh against the 'tiny' risk of death associated with the AstraZeneca vaccine that (according to best data available at the time) was probable to manifest for approximately {{formatnum:{{#expr: ( 25776223 * ( 35.1 / 100.0 ) / 1000000 ) round 0}}}}–{{formatnum:{{#expr: ( 25776223 * ( 35.1 / 100.0 ) / 1000000 * 1.5 ) round 0}}}} Australians, or approximately {{formatnum:{{#expr: ( ( 25776223 * ( 23.3 / 100.0 ) / 1000000 * 10.5 * 0.25 ) + ( 25776223 * ( 11.8 / 100.0 ) / 1000000 * 4.5 * 0.25 )
|width=1055
) round 0}}}} Australians according to EMA data.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
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|Victoria|


Health Minister Greg Hunt said on 17 June 2021 that the recommended advice from ATAGI was that the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine should be administered only to people aged 60 years and over. The advice also stated that second doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca were still recommended for those under 60 years of age. Everyone under 60 would be offered the Pfizer vaccine. Hunt stated that about 815,000 Australians between ages{{nbsp}}50 and 59 had already received a first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine, with Pfizer now available to the approximately 2.1 million remaining Australians in that age group.<ref name="abc-astra-zeneca-60years-&over">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hitch |first1=Georgia |title=AstraZeneca COVID vaccine use recommended for over-60s only following ATAGI meeting |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-06-17/atagi-to-change-astrazeneca-age-rules-covid-vaccine/100222464 |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 June 2021 |ref=AstraZeneca COVID vaccine only recommended for over-60s following death of 52yo Australian}}</ref>
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|Queensland|


In a survey conducted in June 2021, about 15 percent of respondents not yet vaccinated identified wanting a different vaccine "to what was available to them" as a factor holding them back from getting vaccinated.<ref name="cha21">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Survey reveals why Australians are not getting vaccinated |date=15 July 2021 |first=Charis |last=Chang |work=news.com.au |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/coronavirus/australia/survey-reveals-why-australians-are-not-getting-vaccinated/news-story/55099b1e82ff100b6b56b8573d5840a7 |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> Since only 18–39 and 60+ year-olds are eligible for one vaccine (i.e., AstraZeneca) but not the other (i.e., Pfizer-BioNTech), making Pfizer-BioNTech available to everyone would obviate one factor holding back vaccination uptake.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=One in four unvaccinated Australians over 70 are waiting for a different COVID-19 vaccine, survey suggests |date=15 July 2021 |work=SBS News |publisher=Special Broadcasting Service |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/one-in-four-unvaccinated-australians-over-70-are-waiting-for-a-different-covid-19-vaccine-survey-suggests |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref>
{{Graph:Chart
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|Western Australia|


== National Plan to transition Australia's National COVID-19 Response ==
{{Graph:Chart
{{Excerpt|COVID-19 vaccination in Australia|Vaccination and Australia's reopening}}
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|South Australia|


===Transition to endemic stage===
{{Graph:Chart
{{See also|Endemic phase of COVID-19}}
|width=1055
On 11 October 2021, New South Wales ended the lockdown and became the first jurisdiction in Australia to begin Phase B of the national plan and endemic management of COVID-19.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=11 October 2022 |title=One year on: Sydney celebrates 12 months since 106-day lockdown ended |url=https://7news.com.au/news/nsw/its-been-one-year-since-sydney-came-out-of-lockdown-heres-what-that-looked-like-c-8510487 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=7NEWS |language=en}}</ref> A week later on 18 October restrictions were again relaxed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=What you can do in NSW now we've hit 80 per cent |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-nsw-lockdown-restrictions-update-full-list-easing-october-18-pubs-hairdressers-gyms-everything-you-can-cant-do-explainer/60c0b0fe-f900-4050-9caa-97613ed670d4 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=www.9news.com.au}}</ref> Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory began a similar staggered easing of restrictions from mid-October ultimately culminating with all three jurisdictions ending international travel quarantine, density restrictions along with COVID-19 close contact and isolation rules being reduced throughout November.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=19 October 2021 |title=COVID-19: What you can and cannot do in Victoria from Thursday 21 October |url=https://www.drive.com.au/news/covid-19-what-you-can-and-cannot-do-in-victoria-from-thursday-21-october/ |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=Drive |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Trade |first=corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and |title=Australian High Commission in |url=https://uk.embassy.gov.au/lhlh/reopen.html |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=uk.embassy.gov.au}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=18 November 2021 |title=Victoria is removing most Covid restrictions for fully vaccinated people. What are the new freedoms for Melbourne and regional Vic? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/nov/19/victoria-is-removing-most-covid-restrictions-for-fully-vaccinated-people-so-what-are-the-new-freedoms |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=8 November 2021 |title=The ACT records 18 new COVID-19 cases, with restrictions set to ease significantly from Friday |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-09/act-covid-restrictions-easing-early-due-to-vaccination-rate/100604754 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
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|Tasmania|


South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland and the Northern Territory managed to remain in a state of COVID-19 elimination (albeit the later two suffering minor controlled outbreaks in the week before opening) prior to their transition to 'living with COVID' and thus voluntarily introduced COVID-19 into the community to allow for resumption of domestic and international travel.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=27 November 2021 |title=SA opened its borders to COVID-19 this week. Here's what we've learned |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-27/sa-borders-open-what-we-have-learnt-so-far/100655534 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=14 December 2021 |title=Tasmania's latest COVID-19 rules and restrictions — everything you need to know |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-15/tasmania-rules-and-restrictions-now-that-the-border-is-open/100695164 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=19 December 2021 |title=The rules have changed countless times, but the NT's borders are now open. Here's what you need to know |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-20/nt-covid-border-rule-changes-explained-interstate-travel/100712064 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Queensland Borders Re-open |url=https://statements.qld.gov.au/statements/93994 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=Ministerial Media Statements |language=en}}</ref>
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|Australian Capital Territory|


In December the arrival of the Omicron variant prompted states to return to low-level restrictions such as mask wearing and hospitality density limits with even COVID-free Western Australia introducing restrictions to fight small scale outbreaks.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=22 December 2021 |title=Premier says Omicron 'five times less severe' than Delta as NSW mask mandate returns |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-23/nsw-records-5715-cases-and-1-death-covid-19/100721460 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=23 December 2021 |title='Not the news we wanted': WA records COVID case after arrival of Queensland backpacker |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-23/covid-19-alert-in-perth-as-venues-told-they-are-exposure-sites/100722696 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref> However, due to the shear number of people being infected with COVID-19, the rules for people exposed to COVID-19 was significantly reduced to alleviate worker shortages.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=30 December 2021 |title='We need to reset': National cabinet agrees on major changes to COVID requirements |url=https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/australian-states-agree-to-ease-requirements-for-close-contacts-in-major-covid-19-changes-c-5132313 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=7NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Queensland's Chief Health Officer John Gerrard stated that spreading COVID-19 was "necessary" in order to transition from the "pandemic stage to an [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] stage", noting that measures in place were intended to reduce strain on hospitals and buy time for booster shots.<ref name="abc.net.au">{{#invoke:Cite news||date=22 December 2021 |title=CHO says spread of COVID across Queensland 'necessary' as new daily case numbers double |newspaper=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-23/queensland-records-369-cases-of-covid-19-omicron-testing/100719882}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-24/qld-coronavirus-covid19-omicron-from-pandemic-to-endemic/100722924|title=Queenslanders told spread of Omicron is 'necessary' — what does that mean?|newspaper=ABC News|date=23 December 2021}}</ref>
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|Northern Territory
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Western Australia delayed its transition from COVID-zero on 20 January 2022 citing the risk from the Omicron variant.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=20 January 2022 |title=WA Premier Mark McGowan says reopening state's border now would be 'reckless and irresponsible' |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-20/wa-border-opening-delayed/100771492 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref> However a significant COVID outbreak in February made the government re-open the border after modelling showed that it would have little impact on the cases of COVID-19 due to the outbreak being uncontrolled.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=2 March 2022 |title=Western Australia border reopens after 697 days as the 'hermit state' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/mar/02/western-australia-border-reopening-tests-mcgowan-as-covid-peak-looms |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref>
==== Active cases ====
As of 11 August 2020, there are 8,193 active cases of COVID-19 in Australia. A case is considered active if a person who has contracted COVID-19 has yet to be classified as recovered and has not died. The chart below tracks active cases since 5 April, when the Federal Government began reporting nationwide recovery data. However, since 20 July, the Federal Government began reporting official estimation of nationwide active cases and has been reflected in the chart.<ref name="health-current-status" />


=== Lifting measures ===
{{COVID-19 pandemic in Australia/Active Cases}}
On 1 January, former Australian Deputy Chief Medical Officer Nick Coatsworth who served in the first year of the pandemic, declared that 2022 would be the year the pandemic ended in Australia as restrictions eased and immunity built up throughout the year.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Coatsworth |first=Dr Nick |date=31 December 2021 |title=Welcome to 2022, the year this pandemic ends |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/welcome-to-2022-the-year-this-pandemic-ends-20211230-p59kzf.html |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref>


Restrictions began slowly easing all across Australia throughout 2022 with Victoria and New South Wales returning to pre-omicron restrictions from February 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Booker |first=Rachel Eddie, Paul Sakkal, Noel Towell, Chloe |date=22 February 2022 |title=Masks and "shackles" to come off in Victoria this Saturday as mandates ease, workers return |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/masks-rules-ease-indoors-work-from-home-recommendation-lifted-20220222-p59yhg.html |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=The Age |language=en}}</ref> Other jurisdictions followed suit shortly after in easing rules such as mask mandates.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Layt |first=Stuart |date=3 March 2022 |title=Mask rules ease in Queensland on Friday – but experts not smiling yet |url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/mask-rules-ease-in-queensland-on-friday-but-experts-not-smiling-yet-20220303-p5a1js.html |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=Brisbane Times |language=en}}</ref> South Australia dropped its overtly harsh close contact 14 day isolation requirement in March following the election of [[Peter Malinauskas]]. The definition of close contact was changed from 15 minutes with a COVID-19 case to the nationally defined 4 hours<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=28 April 2022 |title=SA's new COVID-19 close contact rules start on Saturday — here's what it means for you |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-04-29/sa-new-close-contact-rules-starting-april-30-explained/101021842 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref> On 25 March 2022, the Minister for Health [[Greg Hunt]] announced that the Biosecurity Emergency Determination, as well as pre-flight COVID-19 tests for international arrivals would end on 17 April.<ref name="health.gov.au" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=25 March 2022 |title=Nation records 26 Covid deaths as pre-flight Covid testing for international arrivals scrapped – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2022/mar/25/australia-news-live-updates-covid-vaccine-booster-atagi-scott-morrison-coronavirus-omicron-weather-nsw-victoria-floods |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Close contact 7-day isolation was dropped in most states from mid April with the rule replaced with 7 days of mask wearing and testing throughout the week.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=21 April 2022 |title=NSW and Victoria have relaxed isolation guidelines for close contacts. So what are the rules where you are? |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-04-21/covid-rules-relaxed-in-nsw-and-victoria/101001428 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref> In late April Western Australia brought COVID-19 restrictions in line with the rest of the country with close contacts only required to wear a mask for 7 days, while mask mandates were dropped in all settings except public/private transport and healthcare settings.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Media Statements - Public health measures to ease with WA's soft landing secured |url=https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/McGowan/2022/04/Public-health-measures-to-ease-with-WAs-soft-landing-secured.aspx |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au}}</ref> In June Australian health officials agreed to end the mask mandate in airport terminals but not on aircraft.<ref name=":9">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Mask mandate in airports lifts this weekend |url=https://statements.qld.gov.au/statements/95409 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=Ministerial Media Statements |language=en}}</ref>
=== Deaths ===
As of 11 August 2020, 331 people linked to COVID-19 have died in Australia. At least 220 deaths were residents in aged-care facilities<ref name="health-current-status"/> and at least 29 deaths across the country had been passengers or crew on cruise ships.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-17/coronavirus-cases-data-reveals-how-covid-19-spreads-in-australia/12060704|title=Charting the COVID-19 spread in Australia|website=www.abc.net.au|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref>


On 2 July, as COVID-19 cases began increasing due to the colder months, it was revealed that Australian health officials were discussing the return of the indoor mask mandate.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Return of COVID-19 mask mandates in Australia considered |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/return-of-covid-19-mask-mandates-in-australia-considered/1rf2wxrgx |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=SBS News |language=en}}</ref> This ultimately never came to fruition. In mid-July, New South Wales Premier [[Dominic Perrottet]] pushed for COVID-19 isolation requirements to be dropped all together or at least reduced to 5 days. This was rejected due to the ongoing winter wave.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=18 July 2022 |title=Anthony Albanese rejects NSW premier's call to cut seven-day Covid isolation period |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/jul/18/anthony-albanese-health-nsw-act-vic-covid-isolation-period-leave-payments |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> On 9 September restrictions again began relaxing. The mask mandate on aircraft was scrapped nationwide and Western Australia ended the mask mandate on passenger transport. At the same time the isolation time for COVID-19 cases was reduced to 5 days.<ref name=":10" /> 9 September was also the last day cases were reported daily in Australia as the country transitioned to weekly reporting instead.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 update 9 September 2022 |url=https://ww2.health.wa.gov.au/Media-releases/2022/September/COVID19-update-9-September-2022 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=ww2.health.wa.gov.au}}</ref> On 14 September, COVID-19 disaster payment for people who had to isolate due to COVID-19 was extended so long as isolating was mandated by the government.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=14 September 2022 |title=Paid pandemic leave extended while mandatory isolation continues |url=https://indaily.com.au/news/2022/09/14/paid-pandemic-leave-extended-while-mandatory-isolation-continues/ |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=InDaily |language=en}}</ref> South Australia, New South Wales, Queensland all ended the mask mandate on passenger transport on 21 September. Victoria ended the mandate on 22 September after it had been in place since June 2020.<ref name=":11">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=21 September 2022 |title=Victoria becomes final state to scrap COVID mask rule |url=https://7news.com.au/news/coronavirus-vic/final-australian-state-scraps-public-transport-mask-mandate-c-8314730 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=7NEWS |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
| '''Cumulative confirmed deaths by state, territory & nationally'''
|-
| {{COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia deaths}}
|}


On 30 September, all Australian leaders declared the emergency response finished and announced the end of the requirement for people to isolate from 14 October if they had COVID-19. This was due in part due to high levels of 'hybrid immunity' and very low case numbers.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||date=30 September 2022 |title=AMA slams scrapping of COVID isolation, saying those behind push 'not scientifically literate' |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-30/covid-19-isolation-period-dropped-national-cabinet/101489566 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref> For all legal intents and purposes, the pandemic was declared over.<ref>{{#invoke:cite tweet ||last=O'Keefe |first=Chris |author-link=Chris O'Keefe |user=cokeefe9 |number=1575654872904478722 |date=30 September 2022 |title=BREAKING: National Cabinet has agreed to scrap isolation rules. Mandate will remain for aged care and hospital workers, but other than that- for all intents and purposes- the pandemic is over. No more stay at home orders for people with Covid. @9NewsAUS |language=en |access-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012093516/https://twitter.com/cokeefe9/status/1575654872904478722 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=November 2023}} Victoria ended its pandemic declaration on 13 October and testing was as a result also scaled back, as Rapid Antigen Tests would no longer need to be reported in Victoria, and also New South Wales.<ref name=":12">{{#invoke:Cite news||date=7 October 2022 |title=Victoria's COVID-19 pandemic declaration to end next Wednesday night, isolation requirement to lift early |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-07/victoria-covid-19-pandemic-declaration-isolation-to-end/101512774 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
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|Timeline of deaths (linear scale)|
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|Timeline of deaths (logarithmic scale)|
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|Show deaths by States and Territories (linear scale)|


On 1 November Queensland's state of emergency was left to expire and the last restrictions were removed, however a recommendation 'traffic light' system was introduced to advise Queenslanders on when it was recommended to isolate for COVID-19 or when they were advised to wear a mask.<ref name=":13">{{#invoke:Cite web ||title=Queensland introduces COVID-19 traffic light system as pandemic powers end |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/queensland-end-of-state-of-emergency-new-traffic-light-system-for-coronavirus-advice/86e5273e-c477-4e43-beba-ac276cd56c87 |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=9news.com.au|date=31 October 2022 }}</ref> Western Australia let its state of emergency expire on 4 November and also ended the last restrictions.<ref name=":14">{{#invoke:Cite web ||title=Western Australia's COVID-19 state of emergency to end after 963 days |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/mark-mcgowan-western-australias-covid19-state-of-emergency-to-end-after-963-days/7f125d3e-2903-49eb-9b62-ec2331962447 |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=9news.com.au|date=31 October 2022 }}</ref> The Northern Territory ended the last post-emergency directions on 11 November.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |url=https://health.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/1154934/post-emergency-cho-directions-no.13-2022-revocation-of-various-directions.pdf |title=Revocation of various directions |access-date=3 December 2022 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203004438/https://health.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/1154934/post-emergency-cho-directions-no.13-2022-revocation-of-various-directions.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> South Australia allowed the remaining public health directions to expire on 23 November.<ref name=":16">{{#invoke:Cite web ||last=Legislation |first=South Australian |date=22 November 2021 |title=LZ |url=https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/lz |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=South Australian Legislation |language=en-AU}}</ref> New South Wales ended its state public health emergency on 30 November.<ref name=":17">{{#invoke:Cite web ||title=Public Health Orders and restrictions - COVID-19 (Coronavirus) |url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/covid-19/Pages/public-health-orders.aspx |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=health.nsw.gov.au}}</ref> The last COVID-19 restriction in Australia was ended on 28 December with the Australian Capital Territory repealing its COVID-19 management direction, used just for enforcing test reporting.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web ||title=Public Health (Chief Health Officer) COVID-19 Management Direction 2022 (No 1) {{!}} Notifiable instruments |url=http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/ |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=ACT Legislation Register |language=en-au}}</ref>
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|y4Title=Queensland
|y5=1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9
|y5Title=Western Australia
|y6=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
|y6Title=South Australia
|y7=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13
|y7Title=Tasmania
|y8=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3
|y8Title=Australian Capital Territory
|y9=0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
|y9Title=Northern Territory
|yGrid= |xGrid=
}}
|Show deaths by States and Territories (logarithmic scale)|
}}}}


=== Clusters ===
== Post pandemic ==
In the winter of 2023, for the first time since before the pandemic, other viral diseases such as influenza and [[respiratory syncytial virus]] were more prevalent in the community and hospitals.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news ||last=Maguire |first=Danielle |date=24 July 2023 |title=The COVID restrictions of the past are (mostly) gone. So what's the etiquette if you've got the sniffles? |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-25/covid-19-rules-how-long-contagious-masks-symptoms-going-to-work/102468730 |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref> Queensland as a result, dropped its traffic light system which had been on green and not recommending mask wearing anywhere for several months.<ref name=":18" /> Cost of living pressures and the fatigue caused by the pandemic were blamed on low influenza vaccination uptake in 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news ||last=Richards |first=Stephanie |date=12 July 2023 |title=Flu vaccine numbers are down by almost two million. What's to blame? |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-13/flu-vaccination-rate-decline-blamed-on-cost-and-fatigue/102592152 |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref>


== Impacts ==
COVID-19 clusters are cases that are known to be related by close contacts. A single cluster may have cases in multiple locations. Some smaller clusters are known to be linked to larger clusters. A cluster may be investigated for days before being announced for the first time. The Victorian Government did not report breakdowns of individual clusters on July 10 due to widespread community transmission becoming entrenched in the metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-10-july-2020|title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 10 July 2020|publisher= Victorian Government Health and Human Services|date=10 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref> The media release on 11 July did not originally include updated cluster figures, but was later released with the figures included.
===Arts===
Before the crisis, 600,000 Australians were employed in the arts, an industry which added around {{AUD}}3.2&nbsp;billion to export revenues. The rate of employment in the sector grew at a faster rate than the rest of the economy.<ref name=bailey>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Bailey |first=Jackie |title=Governments around the world respond to COVID-19 impact on the arts |website=ArtsHub Australia |date=26 March 2020 |url=https://www.artshub.com.au/news-article/features/covid-19/dr-jackie-bailey/governments-around-the-world-respond-to-covid-19-impact-on-the-arts-260092 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> According to government figures, "cultural and creative activity contributed to {{AUD}}112&nbsp;billion (6.4% of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]) to Australia's economy in 2016–17".<ref name=docaapr9>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 update |website=Australian Government. [[Department of Communications and the Arts (Australia)]] |date=9 April 2020 |url=https://www.arts.gov.au/covid-19-update | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>


Beginning in the second week of March 2020, Australian institutions began announcing reduced services, and then complete closures.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://wragge.github.io/closed-glams-covid19/ |title=Australian GLAMs and COVID-19 |website=closed-glams-covid19|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> One of the first casualties was the [[Melbourne International Comedy Festival]], with organisers announcing on 13 March 2020 that the 2020 festival had been cancelled entirely.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Media Release: Melbourne International Comedy Festival 2020 Has Been Cancelled |url=https://www.comedyfestival.com.au/2020/2020-statement |website=Melbourne International Comedy Festival |access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> [[Opera Australia]] announced it would close on 15 March.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://operawire.com/opera-australia-cancels-performances-due-to-coronavirus/ |title=Opera Australia Cancels Performances Due to Coronavirus |date=15 March 2020 |website=Opera Wire|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> The national closure of all cultural institutions was mandated on 24 March, with subsequent restrictions on public gatherings. Consequently, many cultural events were also cancelled, including the [[Sydney Writers' Festival]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.swf.org.au/ |title=Sydney Writers' Festival |website=www.swf.org.au}}</ref> According to the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]], by the beginning of April, "Arts and Recreation services" was the sector of the national economy with the smallest proportion of its business still in operation—at 47%.<ref name=":20">{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Anatolitis |first=Esther |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/08/as-we-crave-the-return-of-our-cultural-life-arts-workers-and-organisations-are-being-left-behind |title=Australia's arts have been hardest hit by coronavirus. So why aren't they getting support? {{!}} Esther Anatolitis|date=8 April 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=11 April 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A graph in ''[[Guardian Australia]]'' showing businesses by sector that had ceased trading between June 2019 and 30 March 2020 shows over 50% of arts and recreation services, the hardest hit of any sector (information media and telecommunications is next, at about 34%).<ref name="Knaus 2020">{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Knaus |first=Christopher |title=Coronavirus crisis has had staggering impact on Australian businesses, data reveals |website=The Guardian |date=7 April 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/apr/07/coronavirus-crisis-has-had-staggering-impact-on-australian-businesses-data-reveals | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> Adrian Collette, [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of the [[Australia Council for the Arts]], the government's arts funding and advisory body, described the impact on the cultural and creative sectors as "catastrophic".<ref name=accovid>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=COVID-19 |website=Australia Council |date=5 March 2020 |url=https://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/about/covid-19/ | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ {{nowrap|COVID-19 clusters in Australia}}
|-
! style="width: 12em;" | Cluster !! ! style="width: 12em;" | Location !! style="width: 8em;" | State !! style="width: 5em;" | Cases in cluster !! style="width: 5em;" | From date !! style="width: 6em;" | As at date !! Details
|-
| Flemington [[Public housing in Australia|public housing]] apartments || [[Flemington, Victoria|Flemington]] || Victoria || rowspan="2" | {{nts|310}}{{efn|group=anomaly|name=aggregate|This is the combined figure for both outbreaks. The North Melbourne and Flemington clusters were last reported with separate figures on 5 July.}} || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> || rowspan="2" | {{Date table sorting|3 August}}<ref name="Victoria 3 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| North Melbourne [[Public housing in Australia|public housing]] outbreak || [[North Melbourne, Victoria|North Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{Date table sorting|3 July}}<ref name="Victoria 3 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Bertocchi Smallgoods || [[Thomastown, Victoria|Thomastown]] || Victoria || {{nts|202}} || {{Date table sorting|23 July}}<ref name="Victoria 23 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-23-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 23 July 2020 | date=23 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=23 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Epping Gardens Aged Care || [[Epping, Victoria|Epping]] || Victoria || {{nts|198}} || {{Date table sorting|21 July}}<ref name="Victoria 21 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-21-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 21 July 2020 | date=21 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=21 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[The Islamic Schools of Victoria|Al-Taqwa College]] || [[Truganina, Victoria|Truganina]] || Victoria || {{nts|185}} || {{Date table sorting|29 June}}<ref name="Victoria 29 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|2 August}}<ref name="Victoria 2 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| St Basil's Homes for the Aged || [[Fawkner, Victoria|Fawkner]] || Victoria || {{nts|182}} || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-wednesday-15-july | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - Wednesday 15 July | date=15 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=15 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Somerville Meats Retail Services || [[Tottenham, Victoria|Tottenham]] || Victoria || {{nts|165}} || {{Date table sorting|11 July}}<ref name="Victoria 11 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Estia Health]] Aged Care, Ardeer || [[Ardeer, Victoria|Ardeer]] || Victoria || {{nts|153}} || {{Date table sorting|14 July}}<ref name="Victoria 14 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-14-july-2020 | title= Coronavirus update for Victoria - 14 July 2020 | date=14 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=14 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| 1st [[JBS S.A.|JBS]] abattoir outbreak || [[Brooklyn, Victoria|Brooklyn]] || Victoria || {{nts|138}} || {{Date table sorting|6 July}}<ref name="Victoria 6 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|11 August}}<ref name="Victoria 11 August 2020"/> || It is unclear if the cases from the 2nd JBS outbreak have been combined with this cluster
|-
| Kirkbrae Presbyterian Homes || [[Kilsyth, Victoria|Kilsyth]] || Victoria || {{nts|129}} || {{Date table sorting|22 July}}<ref name="Victoria 22 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-22-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 22 July 2020 | date=22 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=22 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[North West Regional Hospital]] (NWRH) and the North West Private Hospital (NWPH) || [[City of Burnie|Burnie]] || Tasmania || {{nts|127}} || {{Date table sorting|27 March}} || {{Date table sorting|30 April}} || Probably originating from two patients from the ''[[Ruby Princess]]'' cruise ship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmania's north-west coast residents preparing for 'a whole new world' as coronavirus lockdown looms |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-09/tas-north-west-region-tense-amid-coronavirus-lockdown/12137428 |website=ABC News |publisher=ABC |accessdate=11 April 2020 |date=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Outbreak management update |url=http://health.tas.gov.au/news/2020/outbreak_management_update_10_april_2020 |website=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Department of Premier and Cabinet. |publisher=Tasmanian Government |accessdate=11 April 2020 |date=10 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=More coronavirus cases found in Tasmania's north-west, as death toll rises to six |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-14/tasmania-coronavirus-sixth-death/12147964 |website=ABC News |publisher=ABC |accessdate=16 April 2020 |date=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-30/coronavirus-ruby-princess-tasmania-north-west-outbreak/12198990 | title=Hospital staff 'worked with coronavirus symptoms', Ruby Princess 'likely' cause of Tasmanian outbreak|date=30 April 2020|publisher=ABC News}}</ref>
|-
| [[Royal Melbourne Hospital]], Melbourne Health Royal Park Campus || [[Parkville, Victoria|Parkville]] || Victoria || {{nts|123}} || {{Date table sorting|21 June}}<ref name="Victoria 21 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Thai Rock Restaurant, Wetherill Park || [[Wetherill Park, New South Wales|Wetherill Park]] || New South Wales || {{nts|116}} || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200717_02.aspx|title=Public health alert: Thai Rock Restaurant|publisher= NSW Health|date =17 July 2020}}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="stats-12-August-2020"/> || Includes at least 11 cases associated with Our Lady of Lebanon Church. This is currently not linked to the cluster at another Thai Rock restaurant in Potts Point.
|-
| [[Baptcare]] Wyndham Lodge || [[Werribee, Victoria|Werribee]] || Victoria || {{nts|115}} || {{Date table sorting|22 July}}<ref name="Victoria 22 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Cedar Meats meatworks || [[Brooklyn, Victoria|Brooklyn]] || Victoria || {{nts|111}} || {{Date table sorting|2 May}}<ref name="Victoria 2 May 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|22 May}}<ref name="Victoria 22 May 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-22-may-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 22 May 2020 | date=22 May 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=22 May 2020 }}</ref> || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-06/coronavirus-cases-in-victoria-rise-including-meatworks-cluster/12218540 | title=Victoria records 17 new coronavirus cases as meatworks COVID-19 cluster grows | author=Emilia Terzon | date=6 May 2020 | publisher=ABC News}}</ref>
|-
| Outlook Gardens Aged Care || [[Dandenong North, Victoria|Dandenong North]] || Victoria || {{nts|107}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Estia Health]] Aged Care, Heidelberg || [[Heidelberg, Victoria|Heidelberg]] || Victoria || {{nts|97}} || {{Date table sorting|18 July}}<ref name="Victoria 18 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|10 August}}<ref name="Victoria 10 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Arcare Aged Care, Craigieburn || [[Craigieburn, Victoria|Craigieburn]] || Victoria || {{nts|89}} || {{Date table sorting|13 July}}<ref name="Arcare overview">{{cite web | url=https://arcare.com.au/outbreak-coronavirus-updates/ | title=Outbreak Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates | date=18 July 2020 | publisher=Arcare Aged Care | accessdate=20 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="Arcare update 13 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://arcare.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Craigieburn-and-Burnside-website-statement_130720.pdf | title=Arcare Burnside and Arcare Craigieburn COVID-19 information | date=13 July 2020 | publisher=Arcare Aged Care | accessdate=20 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Australian Lamb Company || [[Colac, Victoria|Colac]] || Victoria || {{nts|83}} || {{Date table sorting|19 July}}<ref name="Victoria 19 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-sunday-19-july| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 19 July 2020 | date=19 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=19 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|6 August}}<ref name="Victoria 6 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-6-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 6 August 2020 | date=5 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=6 August 2020 }}</ref> ||
|-
| Glendale Aged Care facility || [[Werribee, Victoria|Werribee]] || Victoria || {{nts|82}} || {{Date table sorting|8 July}}<ref name="Victoria 8 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Aurrum Aged Care, Plenty || [[Plenty, Victoria|Plenty]] || Victoria || {{nts|79}} || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 17 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|11 August}}<ref name="Victoria 11 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Anglicare Newmarch House || [[Kingswood, New South Wales|Kingswood]] || New South Wales || {{nts|71}} || {{Date table sorting|11 April}} || {{Date table sorting|19 May}} || 34 staff and 37 residents infected as at 19 May 2020. 19 residents have died.<ref name="abc-newmarch-19th"/><ref name="NSW Latest"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Newmarch House resident dies after recovering from coronavirus |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-09/nsw-coronavirus-newmarch-house-death-after-covid-19-recovery/12230504 |website=ABC News |publisher=ABC |accessdate=12 May 2020 |date=10 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Carlton [[Public housing in Australia|public housing]] towers || [[Carlton, Victoria|Carlton]] || Victoria || {{nts|68}} || {{Date table sorting|12 July}}<ref name="Victoria 12 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|4 August}}<ref name="Victoria 4 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Multiple funeral and church services || [[Bankstown]] <br/> [[Fairfield East]] <br/> [[Rookwood, New South Wales|Rookwood]] <br/> [[Mount Pritchard]] || New South Wales || {{nts|68}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200724_06.aspx|title=Public health update and warning|publisher= NSW Health|date = 24 July 2020}}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="stats-12-August-2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200812_00.aspx|title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics [12 August 2020]|publisher= NSW Health|date =12 August 2020}}</ref> || Linked to a woman who attended five different funeral and church services in these suburbs between 16 and 19 July. This includes 15 cases associated with the Mounties Club in Mount Pritchard.
|-
| Menarock Life Aged Care || [[Essendon, Victoria|Essendon]] || Victoria || {{nts|67}} || {{Date table sorting|9 July}}<ref name="Victoria 9 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|5 August}}<ref name="Victoria 5 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-5-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 5 August 2020 | date=5 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=5 August 2020 }}</ref> ||
|-
| [[Woolworths Supermarkets|Woolworths]] Distribution Centre || [[Mulgrave, Victoria|Mulgrave]] || Victoria || {{nts|60}} || {{Date table sorting|18 July}}<ref name="Victoria 18 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-18-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 18 July 2020 | date=18 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=18 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Linfox]] Distribution Centre / Warehouse || [[Truganina, Victoria|Truganina]] || Victoria || {{nts|59}} || {{Date table sorting|12 July}}<ref name="Victoria 12 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Crossroads Hotel || [[Casula, New South Wales|Casula]] || New South Wales || {{nts|58}} || {{Date table sorting|10 July}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200710_01.aspx|title=Public health alert: Two COVID-19 cases linked to Crossroads Hotel Casula|publisher= NSW Health|date = 10 July 2020}}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|2 August}}<ref name="stats-2-August-2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200802_00.aspx|title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics [2 August 2020]|publisher= NSW Health|date =2 August 2020}}</ref> ||
|-
| Nino Early Learning Adventures || [[Bundoora, Victoria|Bundoora]] || Victoria || {{nts|45}} || {{Date table sorting|30 July}}<ref name="Victoria 30 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-30-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 30 July 2020 | date=30 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=30 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Golden Farms Poultry || [[Breakwater, Victoria|Breakwater]] || Victoria || {{nts|44}} || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|10 August}}<ref name="Victoria 10 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Stamford Plaza Hotel || [[Little Collins Street]], [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|43}} || {{Date table sorting|17 June}}<ref name="Victoria 17 June 2020"/>|| {{Date table sorting|8 July}}<ref name="Victoria 8 July 2020"/> || Hotel was used to quarantine overseas travellers, however, the outbreak is connected to the security staff, not those quarantined.
|-
| Two separate clusters including Lyndoch Hill winery || [[Barossa Valley]] || South Australia || {{nts|40}} || {{Date table sorting|14 March}} || {{Date table sorting|9 April}} || <ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus cluster identified at Barossa winery as SA Health investigates community spread |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-24/coronavirus-cluster-identified-at-barossa-winery-sa-health-says/12086498 |website=ABC News |publisher=ABC |accessdate=11 April 2020 |date=24 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="SA Updates">{{cite web |title=Latest Updates – COVID-19 |url=https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+topics/health+topics+a+-+z/covid+2019/latest+updates/latest+updates+-+covid-19#ConfirmedandSuspectedCasesinSouthAustralia |website=SA Health |publisher=Government of South Australia |accessdate=11 April 2020 |date=11 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[Federation of Catholic Regional Colleges|Catholic Regional College]] || [[Sydenham, Victoria|Sydenham]] || Victoria || {{nts|39}} || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|10 August}}<ref name="Victoria 10 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| "Boogie Wonderland" party at the Bucket List and "Kode" party at Club 77 || [[Bondi, New South Wales|Bondi]] || New South Wales || {{nts|34}} || {{Date table sorting|15 March}} || {{Date table sorting|15 April}} || <ref name=guard-bondi-hotspot/><ref name="NSW Latest"/>
|-
| Potts Point restaurant clusters || [[Potts Point, New South Wales|Potts Point]] || New South Wales || {{nts|34}} || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200726_01.aspx|title=Public health update and warning|publisher= NSW Health|date = 26 July 2020}}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="stats-8-August-2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200808_00.aspx|title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics [8 August 2020]|publisher= NSW Health|date =8 August 2020}}</ref> || This includes 28 cases linked to the Apollo Restaurant and 6 cases linked to the Thai Rock Restaurant in Potts Point. This is currently not linked to the cluster at another Thai Rock restaurant in Wetherill Park.
|-
| [[Adelaide Airport]] baggage handling area || [[Adelaide Airport]] || South Australia || {{nts|33}} || {{Date table sorting|17 March}} || {{Date table sorting|9 April}} || <ref name="SA Updates" />
|-
| Respite Services Australia || [[Moonee Ponds, Victoria|Moonee Ponds]] || Victoria || {{nts|33}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| LaManna Supermarket || [[Essendon Fields, Victoria|Essendon Fields]] || Victoria || {{nts|32}} || {{Date table sorting|12 July}}<ref name="Victoria 12 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|2 August}}<ref name="Victoria 2 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Inghams Enterprises|Inghams]] || [[Thomastown, Victoria|Thomastown]] || Victoria || {{nts|32}} || {{Date table sorting|4 August}}<ref name="Victoria 4 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-4-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 4 August 2020 | date=4 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=4 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|10 August}}<ref name="Victoria 10 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Stanwell Tops, New South Wales|Stanwell Tops]] wedding || [[City of Wollongong|Wollongong]] || New South Wales || {{nts|31}} || {{Date table sorting|16 March}}<ref name="NSW 16 March 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200316_02.aspx | title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics - 16 March 2020 | date=16 March 2020 | publisher=NSW Health, State Government of NSW | accessdate=16 March 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|19 March}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Confirmed coronavirus cases from Stanwell Tops wedding hits 31 |url=https://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/6688353/confirmed-coronavirus-cases-from-stanwell-tops-wedding-hits-31/ |website=Illawarra Mercury |publisher=Illawarra Mercury |accessdate=19 March 2020 |date=19 March 2020}}</ref> ||
|-
| 1st North Melbourne family outbreak || [[Preston, Victoria|Preston]]<br>[[North Melbourne, Victoria|North Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|30}} || {{Date table sorting|18 June}}<ref name="Victoria 18 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-18-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 18 June 2020 | date=18 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=18 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|1 July}}<ref name="Victoria 1 July 2020"/> || The first case was detected in an [[H&M]], [[Northland Shopping Centre|Northland]] staff member.
|-
| [[St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne|St Vincent's Hospital]] || [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy]] || Victoria || {{nts|30}} || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 17 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|3 August}}<ref name="Victoria 3 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-3-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 3 August 2020 | date=3 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=3 August 2020 }}</ref> ||
|-
| Diamond Valley Pork || [[Laverton North, Victoria|Laverton North]] || Victoria || {{nts|29}} || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Roxburgh Park family outbreak || [[Roxburgh Park, Victoria|Roxburgh Park]] || Victoria || {{nts|28}} || {{Date table sorting|2 July}}<ref name="Victoria 2 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|5 July}}<ref name="Victoria 5 July 2020"/> || This cluster was investigated for several days before being announced with 20 cases. The cases are spread across at least eight households.
|-
| Bingo Recycling || [[West Melbourne, Victoria|West Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|26}} || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Multiplex [[Premier Tower]] construction site || [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|26}} || {{Date table sorting|10 August}}<ref name="Victoria 10 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-10-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 10 August 2020 | date=10 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=10 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|11 August}}<ref name="Victoria 11 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Rose of Sharon Childcare || [[Blacktown, New South Wales|Blacktown]] || New South Wales || {{nts|25}} || {{Date table sorting|30 March}}<ref name="NSW 30 March 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200330_00.aspx | title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics - 30 March 2020 | date=30 March 2020 | publisher=NSW Health, State Government of NSW | accessdate=30 March 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|4 April}}<ref name="NSW 4 April 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200404_00.aspx | title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics - 04 April 2020 | date=4 April 2020 | publisher=NSW Health, State Government of NSW | accessdate=4 April 2020 }}</ref> ||
|-
| [[Regis Healthcare|Regis Aged Care]], Brighton || [[Brighton, Victoria|Brighton]] || Victoria || {{nts|25}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Clever Kids Childcare || [[Ashburton, Victoria|Ashburton]] || Victoria || {{nts|24}} || {{Date table sorting|18 July}}<ref name="Victoria 18 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|29 July}}<ref name="Victoria 29 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Brunswick Private Hospital || [[Brunswick, Victoria|Brunswick]] || Victoria || {{nts|22}} || {{Date table sorting|8 July}}<ref name="Victoria 8 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-08-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 08 July 2020 | date=8 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=8 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|27 July}}<ref name="Victoria 27 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Dorothy Henderson Lodge || [[Macquarie Park]] || New South Wales || {{nts|21}} || {{Date table sorting|24 February}} || {{Date table sorting|15 April}} || <ref name="NSW Latest"/>
|-
| [[The Northern Hospital, Epping|Northern Hospital]] || [[Epping, Victoria|Epping]] || Victoria || {{nts|21}} || {{Date table sorting|3 July}}<ref name="Victoria 3 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-03-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 03 July 2020 | date=3 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=3 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|18 July}}<ref name="Victoria 18 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Hazeldene's Chicken Farm || [[Bendigo]] || Victoria || {{nts|21}} || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| ''Al Kuwait'' live export ship || [[Fremantle Harbour]] || Western Australia || {{nts|20}} || {{Date table sorting|25 May}} || {{Date table sorting|29 May}} || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/may/28/nsw-ski-fields-30-year-old-coronavirus-victim-dies-queensland-victoria | title=Six more crew from WA live export ship test positive | date=29 May 2020 | publisher=The Guardian | accessdate=29 May 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/coronavirus/coronavirus-wa-eight-more-covid-19-cases-confirmed-among-al-kuwait-sheep-ship-crew-ng-b881562638z | title=Coronavirus WA: Eight more COVID-19 cases confirmed among Al Kuwait sheep ship crew | date=29 May 2020 | publisher=Perth Now | accessdate=29 May 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| Embracia Aged Care, Moonee Valley || [[Avondale Heights, Victoria|Avondale Heights]] || Victoria || {{nts|20}} || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|23 July}}<ref name="Victoria 23 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Jayco, Inc|Jayco]] || [[Dandenong South, Victoria|Dandenong South]] || Victoria || {{nts|20}} || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-08-august-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 8 August 2020 | date=8 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=8 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Church meeting || [[City of Ryde|Ryde]] || New South Wales || {{nts|19}} || {{Date table sorting|8 March}} || {{Date table sorting|15 April}} || <ref name="NSW Latest"/>
|-
| Hazeldean Transition Care, Western Health || [[Williamstown, Victoria|Williamstown]] || Victoria || {{nts|19}} || {{Date table sorting|30 July}}<ref name="Victoria 30 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|30 July}}<ref name="Victoria 30 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Ausfresh || [[Broadmeadows, Victoria|Broadmeadows]] || Victoria || {{nts|19}} || {{Date table sorting|1 August}}<ref name="Victoria 1 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-1-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 1 August 2020 | date=1 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=1 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|1 August}}<ref name="Victoria 1 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Serco]], Mill Park || [[Mill Park, Victoria|Mill Park]] || Victoria || {{nts|19}} || {{Date table sorting|18 July}}<ref name="Victoria 18 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|2 August}}<ref name="Victoria 2 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Tangara School for Girls || [[Cherrybrook, New South Wales|Cherrybrook]] || New South Wales || {{nts|19}} || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="stats-9-August-2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200809_00.aspx|title=COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics [9 August 2020]|publisher= NSW Health|date =9 August 2020}}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="stats-12-August-2020"/> ||
|-
| Dowell Windows || [[Bayswater, Victoria|Bayswater]] || Victoria || {{nts|18}} || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|1 August}}<ref name="Victoria 1 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Caroline Chisholm Catholic College, Melbourne|Caroline Chisholm Catholic College]] || [[Braybrook, Victoria|Braybrook]] || Victoria || {{nts|18}} || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-12-august-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 12 August 2020 | date=12 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=12 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="Victoria 12 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| The Sails Restaurant || [[Noosa Heads]] || Queensland || {{nts|17}} || {{Date table sorting|14 March}} || {{Date table sorting|26 March}} || <ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus cluster of cases at Noosa restaurant prompts public health alert |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-25/coronavirus-queensland-sails-restaurant-public-health-alert/12086564 |website=ABC News |publisher=ABC |accessdate=11 April 2020 |date=26 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Wollert outbreak || [[Wollert, Victoria|Wollert]] || Victoria || {{nts|17}} || {{Date table sorting|24 June}}<ref name="Victoria 24 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-24-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 24 June 2020 | date=24 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=24 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> || This cluster was first detected at St Monica's College, [[Epping, Victoria|Epping]].
|-
| [[Rydges Hotels & Resorts|Rydges]] on Swanston || [[Swanston Street]], [[Carlton, Victoria|Carlton]] || Victoria || {{nts|16}} || {{Date table sorting|27 May}}<ref name="Victoria 27 May 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-27-may-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 27 May 2020 | date=27 May 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=27 May 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|13 June}}<ref name="Victoria 13 June 2020"/> || This is one of the hotels in which overseas travellers are quarantined. This outbreak is connected to the security staff, not those quarantined. On 6 June, a man who was a close contact of this cluster was announced as a new case in Queensland,<ref name="Victoria 6 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-06-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 06 June 2020 | date=6 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=6 June 2020 }}</ref> having travelled to Brisbane on 1 June, then to [[Bundaberg]] on 2 June.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-06/coronavirus-cases-queensland-fruit-picker-public-health-alert/12309468 | title=Coronavirus case in fruit picker who flew from Melbourne to Brisbane and Bundaberg causes public health alert in Queensland | date=6 June 2020 | publisher=ABC News | accessdate=6 June 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| Truganina family outbreak || [[Truganina, Victoria|Truganina]] || Victoria || {{nts|16|prefix=>}}{{efn|group=anomaly|name=anomaly|On 7 July, Victoria announced an increase in some clusters without specifying a total.}} || {{Date table sorting|29 June}}<ref name="Victoria 29 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-29-june | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 29 June 2020 | date=29 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=29 June 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|7 July}}<ref name="Victoria 7 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-07-july-2020 |title= Coronavirus update for Victoria - 07 July 2020|publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria|date=7 July 2020|accessdate=14 July 2020}}</ref>||
|-
| [[The Alfred Hospital]] || [[Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|16}} || {{Date table sorting|6 July}}<ref name="Victoria 6 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|16 July}}<ref name="Victoria 16 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| St Joseph's Primary School || [[Quarry Hill, Victoria|Quarry Hill]], [[Bendigo]] || Victoria || {{nts|16}} || {{Date table sorting|11 August}}<ref name="Victoria 11 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-11-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 11 August 2020 | date=11 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=11 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|11 August}}<ref name="Victoria 11 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Patterson Lakes & Lysterfield family outbreak || [[Patterson Lakes, Victoria|Patterson Lakes]]<br>[[Lysterfield, Victoria|Lysterfield]] || Victoria || {{nts|15|prefix=>}}{{efn|group=anomaly|name=anomaly}} || {{Date table sorting|29 June}}<ref name="Victoria 29 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|7 July}}<ref name="Victoria 7 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Coburg family outbreak || [[Coburg, Victoria|Coburg]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/second-black-lives-matter-protester-among-12-new-cases-in-victoria-20200615-p552ou.html | title=Second Black Lives Matter protester among 12 new cases in Victoria | date=15 June 2020 | publisher=The Age | accessdate=15 June 2020 }}</ref> || Victoria || {{nts|15}} || {{Date table sorting|14 June}}<ref name="Victoria 14 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-14-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 14 June 2020 | date=14 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=14 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|26 June}}<ref name="Victoria 26 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-26-june | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 26 June 2020 | date=26 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=26 June 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || Formerly called the Northern and South Eastern family outbreak. There are cases linked to this outbreak outside of Coburg, in the south eastern suburbs.
|-
| Albanvale Primary School || [[Albanvale, Victoria|Albanvale]] || Victoria || {{nts|15}} || {{Date table sorting|20 June}}<ref name="Victoria 20 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|3 July}}<ref name="Victoria 3 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Bondi Hardware Restaurant || [[Bondi, New South Wales|Bondi]] || New South Wales || {{nts|14}} || {{Date table sorting|15 March}} || {{Date table sorting|15 April}} || <ref name=guard-bondi-hotspot>{{cite web |title=Bondi Beach: how the Australian icon became a coronavirus hotspot |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/apr/05/bondi-beach-how-the-australian-icon-became-a-coronavirus-hotspot |website=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |accessdate=11 April 2020 |date=5 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="NSW Latest">{{cite web |title=NSW COVID-19 case statistics |url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/diseases/Pages/covid-19-latest.aspx |website=NSW Health |publisher=NSW Government |accessdate=11 April 2020 |date=10 April 2020}} ({{N.b.}} The data on this site changes daily.)</ref>
|-
| 1st Keilor Downs family outbreak || [[Keilor Downs, Victoria|Keilor Downs]] || Victoria || {{nts|13}} || {{Date table sorting|28 May}}<ref name="Victoria 28 May 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-28-may-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 28 May 2020 | date=28 May 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=28 May 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|31 May}}<ref name="Victoria 31 May 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-31-may-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 31 May 2020 | date=31 May 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=31 May 2020 }}</ref> || This outbreak is not connected to another family outbreak in Keilor Downs that happened later.
|-
| [[McDonald's]], Fawkner || [[Fawkner, Victoria|Fawkner]] || Victoria || {{nts|13}} || {{Date table sorting|9 May}}<ref name="Victoria 9 May 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|7 June}}<ref name="Victoria 7 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-07-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 7 June 2020 | date=7 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=7 June 2020 }}</ref> || On 7 June, a new case was announced. There had been no increase since 18 May, 20 days before.<ref name="Victoria 18 May 2020"/>
|-
| [[Goodman Fielder]] Pampas || [[West Footscray, Victoria|West Footscray]] || Victoria || {{nts|13}} || {{Date table sorting|14 July}}<ref name="Victoria 14 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|20 July}}<ref name="Victoria 20 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Bluebird Early Education || [[South Morang, Victoria|South Morang]] || Victoria || {{nts|13}} || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Deer Park gathering || [[Deer Park, Victoria|Deer Park]] || Victoria || {{nts|12}} || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Western Health || ''Unspecified'' || Victoria || {{nts|12}} || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 17 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 17 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| 2nd Keilor Downs family outbreak || [[Keilor Downs, Victoria|Keilor Downs]] || Victoria || {{nts|11}} || {{Date table sorting|19 June}}<ref name="Victoria 19 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-19-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 19 June 2020 | date=19 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=19 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|21 June}}<ref name="Victoria 21 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-21-june | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 21 June 2020 | date=21 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=21 June 2020 }}</ref> || This outbreak is not connected to the previous family outbreak in Keilor Downs.
|-
| My Moovers call centre || [[Docklands, Victoria|Docklands]] || Victoria || {{nts|11}} || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Batemans Bay Soldiers Club || [[Batemans Bay]] || New South Wales || {{nts|11}} || {{Date table sorting|19 July}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200719_01.aspx|title=Public health warning – Batemans Bay Soldiers Club|publisher= NSW Health|date =19 July 2020}}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 August}}<ref name="stats-12-August-2020"/> ||
|-
| Aitken Hill Primary || [[Craigieburn, Victoria|Craigieburn]] || Victoria || {{nts|10}} || {{Date table sorting|29 June}}<ref name="Victoria 29 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|7 July}}<ref name="Victoria 7 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[StarTrack]] || [[Laverton, Victoria|Laverton]] || Victoria || {{nts|10}} || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-25-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 25 July 2020 | date=25 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=25 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Don KR Castlemaine || [[Castlemaine, Victoria|Castlemaine]] || Victoria || {{nts|10}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-24-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 24 July 2020 | date=24 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=24 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|28 July}}<ref name="Victoria 28 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Aruma Disability Services || [[Pascoe Vale, Victoria|Pascoe Vale]] || Victoria || {{nts|10}} || {{Date table sorting|28 July}}<ref name="Victoria 28 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-28-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 28 July 2020 | date=28 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=28 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|28 July}}<ref name="Victoria 28 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Brimbank family outbreak || [[City of Brimbank]] || Victoria || {{nts|9}} || {{Date table sorting|25 June}}<ref name="Victoria 25 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-25-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 25 June 2020 | date=25 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=25 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|29 June}}<ref name="Victoria 29 June 2020"/> || This is the third family outbreak in Brimbank, the other two being the Keilor Downs family outbreaks.
|-
| Cenvic Construction Riverina Apartments || [[Footscray, Victoria|Footscray]] || Victoria || {{nts|9}} || {{Date table sorting|11 July}}<ref name="Victoria 11 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|14 July}}<ref name="Victoria 14 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Melbourne City Mission, Albion || [[Albion, Victoria|Albion]] || Victoria || {{nts|9}} || {{Date table sorting|21 July}}<ref name="Victoria 21 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|21 July}}<ref name="Victoria 21 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| AMSSA || [[North Melbourne, Victoria|North Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|9}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| CraigCare Aged Care Facility || [[Pascoe Vale, Victoria|Pascoe Vale]] || Victoria || {{nts|9}} || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Blackwoods || [[Scoresby, Victoria|Scoresby]] || Victoria || {{nts|9}} || {{Date table sorting|29 July}}<ref name="Victoria 29 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|29 July}}<ref name="Victoria 29 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Allied Pinnacle bakery || [[Altona North, Victoria|Altona North]] || Victoria || {{nts|9}} || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Hugo Boss]] store, Collins Street || [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|8}} || {{Date table sorting|30 June}}<ref name="Victoria 30 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|9 July}}<ref name="Victoria 9 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Marley Spoon packaging and distribution facility || [[Altona North, Victoria|Altona North]] || Victoria || {{nts|8}} || {{Date table sorting|10 August}}<ref name="Victoria 10 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|10 August}}<ref name="Victoria 10 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Monash Health patient family outbreak || ''Unknown'' || Victoria || {{nts|7}} || {{Date table sorting|15 June}}<ref name="Victoria 15 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-15-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 15 June 2020 | date=15 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=15 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|17 June}}<ref name="Victoria 17 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-17-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 17 June 2020 | date=17 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=17 June 2020 }}</ref> ||
|-
| Catch.com Distribution Centre || [[Truganina, Victoria|Truganina]] || Victoria || {{nts|7}} || {{Date table sorting|9 July}}<ref name="Victoria 9 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-9-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 9 July 2020 | date=9 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=9 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|11 July}}<ref name="Victoria 11 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Fresh Plus || [[Craigieburn, Victoria|Craigieburn]] || Victoria || {{nts|7}} || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| 2nd [[JBS S.A.|JBS]] abattoir outbreak || [[Brooklyn, Victoria|Brooklyn]] || Victoria || {{nts|7}} || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-09-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 9 August 2020 | date=9 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=9 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Opal Aged Care, Bankstown || [[Bankstown, New South Wales|Bankstown]] || New South Wales || {{nts|6}} || {{Date table sorting|25 March}} || {{Date table sorting|15 April}} || <ref name="NSW Latest"/>
|-
| [[Coles Supermarkets|Coles]] distribution centre || [[Laverton, Victoria|Laverton]] || Victoria || {{nts|6}} || {{Date table sorting|23 June}}<ref name="Victoria 23 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|1 July}}<ref name="Victoria 1 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[HWL Ebsworth|HWL Ebsworth Lawyers]] || [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|6}} || {{Date table sorting|16 July}}<ref name="Victoria 16 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-thursday-16-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 16 July 2020 | date=16 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=16 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|16 July}}<ref name="Victoria 16 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Warringal Hospital || [[Heidelberg, Victoria|Heidelberg]] || Victoria || {{nts|6}} || {{Date table sorting|18 July}}<ref name="Victoria 18 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|19 July}}<ref name="Victoria 19 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Malmsbury Youth Justice Centre || [[Malmsbury, Victoria|Malmsbury]] || Victoria || {{nts|6}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Melbourne Youth Justice Centre|Parkville Youth Justice]] || [[Parkville, Victoria|Parkville]] || Victoria || {{nts|6}} || {{Date table sorting|27 July}}<ref name="Victoria 27 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-27-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 27 July 2020 | date=27 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=27 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|27 July}}<ref name="Victoria 27 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Centrelink]] office || [[Epping, Victoria|Epping]] || Victoria || {{nts|6}} || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Capral Aluminium || [[Campbellfield, Victoria|Campbellfield]] || Victoria || {{nts|6}} || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-31-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 31 July 2020 | date=31 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=31 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Three medical clinics || [[Coburg, Victoria|Coburg]]<br>[[Croydon, Victoria|Croydon]]<br>[[Lilydale, Victoria|Lilydale]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|13 June}}<ref name="Victoria 13 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-13-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 13 June 2020 | date=13 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=13 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|18 June}}<ref name="Victoria 18 June 2020"/> || A single GP worked at Cedars Medical Clinic in Coburg and Croydon Family Practice on 9 June and at Lilydale Medical Clinic on 11 June while asymptomatic.<ref name="Victoria 14 June 2020"/>
|-
| Maribyrnong family outbreak || [[City of Maribyrnong]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|23 June}}<ref name="Victoria 23 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-23-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 23 June 2020 | date=23 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=23 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|23 June}}<ref name="Victoria 23 June 2020"/> || All cases are in a single household.
|-
| [[Optus]] head office || [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Sunshine Hospital]] || [[Sunshine, Victoria|Sunshine]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|18 May}}<ref name="Victoria 18 May 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|9 July}}<ref name="Victoria 9 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Debney Meadows Primary School || [[Flemington, Victoria|Flemington]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|11 July}}<ref name="Victoria 11 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Steel Mains || [[Somerton, Victoria|Somerton]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Australian Pharmaceutical Industries]] || [[Dandenong South, Victoria|Dandenong South]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|19 July}}<ref name="Victoria 19 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|20 July}}<ref name="Victoria 20 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Japara Healthcare|Japara]] Central Park Aged Care || [[Windsor, Victoria|Windsor]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|13 July}}<ref name="Victoria 13 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-13-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 13 July 2020 | date=13 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=13 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|20 July}}<ref name="Victoria 20 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[KFC]], Truganina || [[Truganina, Victoria|Truganina]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Probe Group || [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Laverton Cold Storage || [[Truganina, Victoria|Truganina]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|28 July}}<ref name="Victoria 28 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|28 July}}<ref name="Victoria 28 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Victoria Police]] sites || [[Docklands, Victoria|Docklands]] || Victoria || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|31 July}}<ref name="Victoria 31 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Thebarton Senior College]] || [[Torrensville, South Australia|Torrensville]] || South Australia || {{nts|5}} || {{Date table sorting|6 August}}<ref name="Thebarton Cluster">{{cite web | url= https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/about+us/news+and+media/all+media+releases/covid-19+update+6+august |
title=COVID-19 Update 6 August | date=6 August 2020 | publisher=Government of South Australia | accessdate=6 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|6 August}}<ref name="Thebarton Cluster"/> ||
|-
| [[Camberwell Grammar School]] || [[Camberwell, Victoria|Camberwell]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|20 June}}<ref name="Victoria 20 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|6 July}}<ref name="Victoria 6 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Woolworths Supermarkets|Woolworths]] Online Fulfillment Centre || [[Footscray, Victoria|Footscray]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|6 July}}<ref name="Victoria 6 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-06-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 06 July 2020 | date=6 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=6 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|8 July}}<ref name="Victoria 8 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Waste Equipment and Hiab Services || [[Ardeer, Victoria|Ardeer]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| TD Cabinets || [[Dandenong South, Victoria|Dandenong South]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Nestlé]], Campbellfield || [[Campbellfield, Victoria|Campbellfield]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|20 July}}<ref name="Victoria 20 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-20-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 20 July 2020 | date=20 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=20 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|20 July}}<ref name="Victoria 20 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Royal Children's Hospital]] || [[Parkville, Victoria|Parkville]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|27 July}}<ref name="Victoria 27 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|27 July}}<ref name="Victoria 27 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Eastern Health || ''Unspecified'' || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|7 August}}<ref name="Victoria 7 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-07-august-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 7 August 2020 | date=7 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=7 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|7 August}}<ref name="Victoria 7 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Werribee Mercy Hospital]] || [[Werribee, Victoria|Werribee]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Knox International || [[Brooklyn, Victoria|Brooklyn]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[PGG Wrightson]] Seeds || [[Truganina, Victoria|Truganina]] || Victoria || {{nts|4}} || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|9 August}}<ref name="Victoria 9 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Hampstead Dental || [[Maidstone, Victoria|Maidstone]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|20 June}}<ref name="Victoria 20 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-20-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 20 June 2020 | date=20 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=20 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|24 June}}<ref name="Victoria 24 June 2020"/> ||
|-
| Springside Primary School || [[Caroline Springs, Victoria|Caroline Springs]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|20 June}}<ref name="Victoria 20 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|2 July}}<ref name="Victoria 2 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Orygen Youth Health facility || [[Footscray, Victoria|Footscray]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|26 June}}<ref name="Victoria 26 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|3 July}}<ref name="Victoria 3 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Villa Bambini || [[Essendon, Victoria|Essendon]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|2 July}}<ref name="Victoria 2 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-2-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 2 July 2020 | date=2 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=2 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|3 July}}<ref name="Victoria 3 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| PM Fresh facility || [[Broadmeadows, Victoria|Broadmeadows]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|8 July}}<ref name="Victoria 8 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|11 July}}<ref name="Victoria 11 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Ilim College]] || [[Dallas, Victoria|Dallas]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|11 July}}<ref name="Victoria 11 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-11-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 11 July 2020 | date=11 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=11 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|11 July}}<ref name="Victoria 11 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Bell Collision Repair Centre || [[Preston, Victoria|Preston]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|15 July}}<ref name="Victoria 15 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Dairy Country || [[Tullamarine, Victoria|Tullamarine]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|19 July}}<ref name="Victoria 19 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|19 July}}<ref name="Victoria 19 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Sims Metal Management]] || [[Brooklyn, Victoria|Brooklyn]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Base Backpackers || [[St Kilda, Victoria|St Kilda]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-26-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 26 July 2020 | date=26 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=26 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Impact English College || [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|3}} || {{Date table sorting|24 July}}<ref name="Victoria 24 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|26 July}}<ref name="Victoria 26 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Keilor Downs College|Keilor Downs Secondary College]] || [[Keilor Downs, Victoria|Keilor Downs]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|21 June}}<ref name="Victoria 21 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|24 June}}<ref name="Victoria 24 June 2020"/> ||
|-
| Ascot Vale Primary School || [[Ascot Vale, Victoria|Ascot Vale]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|28 June}}<ref name="Victoria 28 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-28-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 28 June 2020 | date=28 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=28 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[StarTrack]] facility || [[Tullamarine, Victoria|Tullamarine]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|30 June}}<ref name="Victoria 30 June 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-30-june-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 30 June 2020 | date=30 June 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=30 June 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|30 June}}<ref name="Victoria 30 June 2020"/> ||
|-
| Moreland Primary School || [[Coburg, Victoria|Coburg]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|30 June}}<ref name="Victoria 30 June 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|30 June}}<ref name="Victoria 30 June 2020"/> ||
|-
| Maple Early Learning Centre || [[Mernda, Victoria|Mernda]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|1 July}}<ref name="Victoria 1 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-1-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 1 July 2020 | date=1 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=1 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|1 July}}<ref name="Victoria 1 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Joan Kirner Women's and Children's Hospital || [[St Albans, Victoria|St Albans]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|1 July}}<ref name="Victoria 1 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|5 July}}<ref name="Victoria 5 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-05-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 05 July 2020 | date=5 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=5 July 2020 }}</ref> ||
|-
| Preston Market || [[Preston, Victoria|Preston]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-4-july-2020 | title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 4 July 2020 | date=4 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=4 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|4 July}}<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Box Hill Hospital]] || [[Box Hill, Victoria|Box Hill]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|12 July}}<ref name="Victoria 12 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-sunday-12-july| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 12 July 2020 | date=12 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=12 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|12 July}}<ref name="Victoria 12 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne|Mercy Hospital for Women]] || [[Heidelberg, Victoria|Heidelberg]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 17 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-17-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 17 July 2020 | date=17 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=17 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 17 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Kmart]], Endeavour Hills || [[Endeavour Hills, Victoria|Endeavour Hills]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 17 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 17 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Serco]], Box Hill || [[Box Hill, Victoria|Box Hill]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|18 July}}<ref name="Victoria 18 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|18 July}}<ref name="Victoria 18 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| [[Hotel Grand Chancellor|Grand Chancellor Hotel]] || [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| D'Orsogna Meats || [[Mickleham, Victoria|Mickleham]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|25 July}}<ref name="Victoria 25 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Mecwacare John Atchison Centre || [[Hoppers Crossing, Victoria|Hoppers Crossing]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|17 July}}<ref name="Victoria 29 July 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-29-july-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 29 July 2020 | date=29 July 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=29 July 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|29 July}}<ref name="Victoria 29 July 2020"/> ||
|-
| Uniting AgeWell || [[Kingsville, Victoria|Kingsville]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|1 August}}<ref name="Victoria 1 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|1 August}}<ref name="Victoria 1 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Twin Parks Aged Care Centre || [[Reservoir, Victoria|Reservoir]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|1 August}}<ref name="Victoria 1 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|1 August}}<ref name="Victoria 1 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| James Barker House || [[Footscray, Victoria|Footscray]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|2 August}}<ref name="Victoria 2 August 2020">{{cite web | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-02-august-2020| title=Coronavirus update for Victoria - 2 August 2020 | date=2 August 2020 | publisher=Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria | accessdate=2 August 2020 }}</ref> || {{Date table sorting|2 August}}<ref name="Victoria 2 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Polytrade Recycling || [[Dandenong South, Victoria|Dandenong South]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|7 August}}<ref name="Victoria 7 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|7 August}}<ref name="Victoria 7 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Ballarat Health Services || [[Ballarat]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> ||
|-
| Ambassador Hotel || [[Frankston, Victoria|Frankston]] || Victoria || {{nts|2}} || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> || {{Date table sorting|8 August}}<ref name="Victoria 8 August 2020"/> ||
|}
{{notelist|group=anomaly}}


The [[Cinema of Australia|Australian film industry]] has been severely impacted, with at least 60 [[Filmmaking|shoots]] being halted and about 20,000 people out of work.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Eltham |first=Ben |title='We'll see bankruptcies': how coronavirus has shut down Australian film and TV |website=The Guardian |date=27 March 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/mar/28/well-see-bankruptcies-how-coronavirus-has-shut-down-australian-film-and-tv | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> On Monday 23 March, all productions funded by [[Screen Australia]] were postponed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus response update |first=Graeme |last=Mason |website=Screen Australia |date=27 March 2020 |url=https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/covid19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406162659/https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/covid19/|archive-date=6 April 2020}}</ref> {{as of|2020|4|15}}, after some improvement in COVID-19 statistics in Australia, Screen Australia continues to fund work and process applications, intending to use all of its 2019–20 budget.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus response update |first=Graeme |last=Mason |website=Screen Australia |date=15 April 2020 |url=https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/covid19 | access-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418032100/https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/covid19/|archive-date=18 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Film industry organisations such as [[Screen Producers Australia]] (SPA) and the [[Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance]] (MEAA) have been lobbying the government for a support package specific to the screen industry, and to expand the JobKeeper requirements so that those in the screen industry are better covered. Many in the film industry are employed by [[Special-purpose entities]]—temporary companies that cease trading once production has finished—which cannot easily prove that their turnover has fallen by 30% or more.<ref name=freaking>{{#invoke:Cite web||first=Hannah |last=Reich |title='Freaking out' and 'falling through the cracks': Screen industry workers explain the shutdown crisis |website=ABC News (ABC Arts: The Screen Show) |date=18 April 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-18/coronavirus-australian-screen-industry-film-tv-jobkeeper/12146608 | access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref> SPA said that the industry shutdown had cost more than {{AUD}}500 million, with about {{AUD}}20&nbsp;million of lost export revenue.<ref name=neighbours>{{#invoke:Cite web||first1=Michaela |last1=Boland |first2=Penny |last2=Timms |title=Making TV in the coronavirus pandemic: Why the television industry is watching what Neighbours does next |website=ABC News |date=20 April 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-20/neighbours-resumes-as-aussie-tv-adapts-to-coronavirus-rules/12161150 | access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>
=== Cases by source of infection ===
The following table lists the cases by their source of infection per state/territory. High numbers of cases with unknown sources of infection indicates high risk of community transmission and increased difficulty in tracing and stopping the spread of COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/australian-covid-19-cases-by-source-of-infection|title=Australian COVID-19 cases by source of infection|website=www.health.gov.au|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/covid-19-cases-by-source-of-infection-by-state-and-territory|title=COVID-19 cases by source of infection by state and territory|website=www.health.gov.au|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> There have been estimated to be around 1,300 cases that have been associated with cruise ships in Australia.<ref name="health-current-status" />


One hundred and nineteen films and TV shows have been halted, with only a few shows (such as ''[[MasterChef Australia]]'' and ''[[Shaun Micallef's Mad as Hell]]'') continuing production through the pandemic. The TV [[Soap opera|soap]] ''[[Neighbours]]'' was the first English-language TV drama series in the world to announce that resumption of production would begin soon after 20 April 2020.<ref name=neighbours/>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}


Like other governments around the world, the Australian government has acknowledged the economic, cultural and social value of the arts industry.<ref name=bailey/><ref name=docaapr9/> The Australia Council has redirected about {{AUD}}5&nbsp;million to "new programs designed to provide immediate relief to Australian artists, arts workers and arts organisations to support their livelihoods, practice and operations during the COVID-19 pandemic" (the "Resilience Fund"<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Australia Council offers $5m in arts grants during COVID-19 |website=QNews |date=31 March 2020 |url=https://qnews.com.au/australia-council-millions-creative-arts-grants-offer-covid19-pandemic/ | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>), and is also hosting weekly meetings to address the concerns of specific sections of the industry, such as [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous]] creatives and organisations, live performance and public gatherings, and various peak bodies.<ref name=accovid/> Several state governments have also provided relief packages.<ref name=bailey/>
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" id="thetable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"
! class="covid-country-narrow-on-mobile" style="text-align:right; padding-right:2px;" scope="col" |Australian State/Territory
!Overseas<ref group="lower-alpha">Person was infected whilst they were overseas (includes sea).</ref>
!Contact<ref group="lower-alpha">Person was infected in Australia through a close contact or a known cluster.</ref>
!Unknown<ref group="lower-alpha">Person was infected in Australia, but the source of infection is unknown, indicating community transmission (includes cases that were infected interstate).</ref>
!{{abbr|Invest.|Under Investigation}}<ref group="lower-alpha">Source of infection is still under investigation.</ref>
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:4px;" scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! class="covid-total-row" style="padding-right:2px; padding-left:155px; background: #EAECF0;" scope="row" |
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:17px; padding-left:3px;" scope="row" |'''5,115'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:17px; padding-left:3px;" scope="row" |'''10,956'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:17px; padding-left:3px;" scope="row" |'''3,490'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:17px; padding-left:3px;" scope="row" |'''2,152'''
!
|-
! scope="row" |{{nowrap|[[Australian Capital Territory]]}}
|84
|20
|9
|0
| style="padding:0px 2px;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZTY4NTI1NzQtYTBhYy00ZTY4LTk3NmQtYjBjNzdiOGMzZjM3IiwidCI6ImI0NmMxOTA4LTAzMzQtNDIzNi1iOTc4LTU4NWVlODhlNDE5OSJ9|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the Australian Capital Territory|website=app.powerbi.com|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[New South Wales]]
|2,233
|1,201
|463
|0
| style="padding:0px 2px;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/news/Pages/20200810_00.aspx|title=NSW COVID-19 case statistics|website=www.health.nsw.gov.au|access-date=2020-08-10}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Northern Territory]]
|27
|2
|4
|0
| style="padding:0px 2px;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coronavirus.nt.gov.au/current-status|title=Current status|last=Coronavirus (COVID-19)|website=coronavirus.nt.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Queensland]]
|843
|185
|61
|0
| style="padding:0px 2px;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.qld.gov.au/health/conditions/health-alerts/coronavirus-covid-19/current-status/statistics|title=Queensland COVID-19 statistics|website=www.qld.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[South Australia]]
|309
|129
|20
|1
| style="padding:0px 2px;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.covid-19.sa.gov.au/home/dashboard|title=Dashboard and daily update|website=www.covid-19.sa.gov.au|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Tasmania]]
|81
|141
|7
|0
| style="padding:0px 2px;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coronavirus.tas.gov.au/facts/cases-and-testing-updates|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - Cases and testing updates|last=Government|first=Tasmanian|website=www.coronavirus.tas.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]
|985
|9,212
|2,903
|2,151
| style="padding:0px 2px;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiODBmMmE3NWQtZWNlNC00OWRkLTk1NjYtMjM2YTY1MjI2NzdjIiwidCI6ImMwZTA2MDFmLTBmYWMtNDQ5Yy05Yzg4LWExMDRjNGViOWYyOCJ9|title=Coronavirus COVID-19 in Victoria|website=app.powerbi.com|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[Western Australia]]
|553
|66
|23
|0
| style="padding:0px 2px;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/359bca83a1264e3fb8d3b6f0a028d768|title=Coronavirus COVID-19 in Western Australia|website=experience.arcgis.com|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:left;" class="sortbottom"
| colspan="7" style="width:1px;" |{{#ifeq:COVID-19 pandemic in Australia|COVID-19 pandemic|<div style="text-align: center;">For notes, see the [[COVID-19 pandemic#Notes|Notes]] section.</div>|'''Notes'''<div style="font-size: 111.111%;"><!-- needed for [[MOS:SMALLFONT]]-->{{notelist}}</div>}}
|}
{{col-break}}
{{Image frame|caption={{Center|'''COVID-19 cases by source of infection'''}}|pos=top|align=left|border=no|content=
{{Graph:Chart
|metadata=No<!--The value 'No' apparently makes the box display on the mobile site-->
| width=150
| height=150
| type=pie
| legend=Age
| x=Overseas (23.6%),Contact (50.5%),Unknown (16.1%),Investigating (9.9%)
| y1=24,51,16,10
| colors=#fbb5ba,#f768a2,#c6148b,#7b0078
| showValues=
| offset=
}}
}}
{{col-end}}


In early April, the federal government announced a package of {{AUD}}27&nbsp;million in specific arts funding: {{AUD}}7 million for the Indigenous Visual Arts Industry Support program, {{AUD}}10 million for [[Regional Arts Australia]]'s regional arts fund, and {{AUD}}10&nbsp;million for Support Act,<ref name=smharts/> a charity founded in 1997<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Parker |first=Tom |title=Why everyone is getting behind Support Act, the music industry's saving grace |website=[[Beat Magazine]] |date=20 April 2020 |url=https://www.beat.com.au/the-story-of-support-act-charity/ | access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref> that provides financial support and counselling to people in the music industry in Australia.<ref name=smharts>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/music/27-million-for-arts-organisations-in-new-targeted-support-package-20200408-p54ic8.html |url-access=limited |title=$27&nbsp;million for arts organisations in new targeted support package |last=Cooper |first=Nathanael |date=8 April 2020 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> However, the "JobKeeper" scheme specifically excluded "freelancers and casuals on short-term contracts, or who have worked for a series of employers in the last year", thus excluding a large proportion of arts and cultural sector professionals, who rely on short-term contracts.<ref name=":20"/><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/theatre/wrack-and-ruin-leading-actors-warn-industry-is-on-brink-of-collapse-20200407-p54hvl.html |url-access=limited |title='Wrack and ruin': Leading actors warn industry is on brink of collapse |last=Miller |first=Nick |date=7 April 2020 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=7 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/apr/09/the-workers-shut-out-of-jobkeeper-ive-lost-100-of-my-business |title=The workers shut out of jobkeeper: 'I've lost 100% of my business' |date=9 April 2020 |website=The Guardian|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
=== Cases and deaths by age group and gender ===
The following table represents the number of cases and deaths for each age group and gender. The data is sourced from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) and the Federal Government.<ref name="health-current-status" />


However, most of the arts sector's more than 193,000 workers were still unable to access the JobKeeper payments, despite being defined as [[Sole proprietorship|sole traders]], and an estimated {{AUD}}330&nbsp;million worth of paid performances cancelled. [[The Australia Institute]] recommended a {{AUD}}750&nbsp;million rescue package for the industry, while Arts Minister [[Paul Fletcher (politician)|Paul Fletcher]] said that arts workers should utilise existing support measures.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Nearly 200,000 arts workers ineligible for JobKeeper as COVID-19 hits $15b industry |website=ABC News |date=25 April 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-25/thousands-in-arts-sector-jobless-amid-coronavirus/12177250 | access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref>
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}


On 4 May 2020, the company operating the [[Carriageworks]] multi-arts venue in Sydney declared it would be entering [[Administration (law)|voluntary administration]] and closing, citing an "irreparable loss of income" due to government bans on events during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent negative impact on the arts sector.<ref name=guardadmin>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Boseley |first1=Matilda |last2=Convery |first2=Stephanie |date=5 May 2020 |title=Carriageworks goes into voluntary administration citing 'irreparable loss of income' due to coronavirus |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/may/05/carriageworks-goes-into-voluntary-administration-citing-irreparable-loss-of-income-due-to-coronavirus|access-date=10 May 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=abcadmin>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Carriageworks calls in administrators amid COVID-19 pandemic |first=Victoria |last=Pengilley |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=4 May 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-04/carriageworks-calls-in-administrators-due-to-coronavirus/12213832 | access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> Carriageworks was the first major arts venue in the country to collapse suddenly after the hit to income caused by the strict [[social distancing]] rules enforced by state and federal governments, but others feared the same fate, after being forced to shut their doors in late March.<ref name=abcmore>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus impact sees Sydney's Carriageworks close as insiders tip COVID-19 to hit more venues |first=Michaela |last=Boland |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=9 May 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-09/coronavirus-covid19-hits-arts-funding-carriageworks-sydney/12229208| access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" id="thetable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"
!Age Group<ref group="lower-alpha">Table does not include cases or deaths where age or gender are unknown</ref>
!colspan=3|Male
!colspan=3|Female
!colspan=3|Total
|-
! class="covid-total-row" style="padding-right:2px; padding-left:80; background: #EAECF0;" scope="row" |
!Cases
!Deaths
!Lethality (%)
!Cases
!Deaths
!Lethality (%)
!Cases
!Deaths
!Lethality (%)
|-
! class="covid-total-row" style="padding-right;7px; padding-left:7px; background: #EAECF0;" scope="row" |
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:14px;" scope="row" | '''10,567'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:14px;" scope="row" | '''167'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:14px;" scope="row" | '''({{Percentage|167|10567|1|%=}})'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:14px;" scope="row" | '''10,975'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:14px;" scope="row" | '''148'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:14px;" scope="row" | '''({{Percentage|148|10975|1|%=}})'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:10px;" scope="row" | '''21,542'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:10px;" scope="row" | '''315'''
! style="text-align:right; padding-right:14px; padding-left:14px;" scope="row" | '''({{Percentage|315|21542|1|%=}})'''
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |0–9
|499
|
|({{Percentage|0|499|1|%=}})
|446
|
|({{Percentage|0|446|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 945
!style="text-align:right;| 0
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|0|945|1|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |10–19
|930
|
|({{Percentage|0|930|1|%=}})
|844
|
|({{Percentage|0|844|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 1,774
!style="text-align:right;| 0
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|0|1774|1|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |20–29
|2,364
|
|({{Percentage|0|2364|1|%=}})
|2,555
|
|({{Percentage|0|2555|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 4,919
!style="text-align:right;| 0
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|0|4919|1|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |30–39
|1,928
|2
|({{Percentage|2|1928|2|%=}})
|1,848
|
|({{Percentage|0|1848|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 3,776
!style="text-align:right;| 2
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|2|3776|2|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |40–49
|1,446
|2
|({{Percentage|2|1446|2|%=}})
|1,363
|
|({{Percentage|0|1363|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 2,809
!style="text-align:right;| 2
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|2|2809|2|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |50–59
|1,277
|6
|({{Percentage|6|1277|2|%=}})
|1,359
|2
|({{Percentage|2|1359|2|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 2,636
!style="text-align:right;| 8
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|8|2636|2|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |60–69
|984
|15
|({{Percentage|15|984|1|%=}})
|1,005
|6
|({{Percentage|6|1005|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 1,989
!style="text-align:right;| 21
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|21|1989|1|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |70–79
|700
|46
|({{Percentage|46|700|1|%=}})
|603
|26
|({{Percentage|26|603|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 1,303
!style="text-align:right;| 72
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|72|1303|1|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |80–89
|371
|61
|({{Percentage|61|371|1|%=}})
|566
|64
|({{Percentage|64|566|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 937
!style="text-align:right;| 125
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|125|937|1|%=}})
|-
! style="text-align:right; scope="row" |90+
|168
|35
|({{Percentage|35|168|1|%=}})
|386
|50
|({{Percentage|50|386|1|%=}})
!style="text-align:right;| 554
!style="text-align:right;| 85
!style="text-align:right;| ({{Percentage|85|554|1|%=}})
|- style="text-align:left;" class="sortbottom"
| colspan="10" style="width:1px;" |{{#ifeq:COVID-19 pandemic in Australia|COVID-19 pandemic|<div style="text-align: center;">For notes, see the [[COVID-19 pandemic#Notes|Notes]] section.</div>|'''Notes'''<div style="font-size: 111.111%;"><!-- needed for [[MOS:SMALLFONT]]-->{{notelist}}</div>}}
|}


On 13 May 2020, the [[Art Gallery of South Australia]] announced that it would reopen on 8 June.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=AGSA to Reopen |website=AGSA - The Art Gallery of South Australia |date=13 May 2020 |url=https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/visit/agsas-response-covid-19/ | access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
{{Graph:Chart
|type=rect
|linewidth=1
|colors=#0060AB,#F78BA0
|width=380
|xAxisTitle=Age
|xAxisAngle=-40
|x=TOTAL, 0-9, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90+
|yAxisTitle=Lethality (%)
|legend=Legend
|y1= 1.6,0,0,0,0.1,0.1,0.5,1.5,6.6,16.4,20.8
|y1Title=Men
|y2= 1.3,0,0,0,0,0,0.1,0.6,4.3,11.3,13.0
|y2Title=Women
|yGrid= |xGrid=
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On 24 June 2020, the federal government announced a $250&nbsp;million rescue package for the arts, comprising grants and loans. The package includes $75m for a grants program for new festivals, concerts, tours and events; $90m in loans to help fund new productions; $50m to help film and television producers unable to access insurance due to the pandemic, to enable them to restart production; and $35&nbsp;million in direct financial assistance for struggling Commonwealth-funded organisations, including theatre, dance, music and circus. The [[Australian Recording Industry Association]] (ARIA) welcomed the boost, but critics said that it was not nearly enough, especially with so many workers in the industry still ineligible for JobKeeper payments.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Arts industry to receive $250&nbsp;million coronavirus rescue package from Federal Government |first=Jade |last=Macmillan |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=24 June 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-25/arts-industry-to-receive-250-million-coronavirus-rescue-package/12390282 | access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=The arts receives $250&nbsp;million federal stimulus, but is it months too late, and hundreds of millions short? |first=Alexis |last=Buxton-Collins |website=The Adelaide Review |date=25 June 2020 |url=https://www.adelaidereview.com.au/arts/2020/06/25/arts-covid-federal-250-million/ | access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
{{col-break}}


=== Economic ===
{{Graph:Chart
{{Further|Economy of Australia}}
|type = stackedrect
|linewidth=1
|showSymbols=1
|colors=#0060AB,#F78BA0,#C0C0C0
|width=300
|xAxisTitle=Age
|xAxisAngle=-40
|x=0-9,10-19,20-29,30-39,40-49,50-59,60-60,70-79,80-89,90+
|yAxisTitle=No. of cases
|legend=
|y1=499,930,2364,1928,1446,1277,984,700,371,168
|y1Title=Men
|y2=446,844,2555,1848,1363,1359,1005,603,566,386
|y2Title=Women
|y3=
|y3Title=Unknown
|yGrid=
}}
<br>
{{Graph:Chart
|type = stackedrect
|linewidth=1
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|colors=#0060AB,#F78BA0,#C0C0C0
|width=300
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|yAxisTitle=No. of deaths
|legend=
|y1=0,0,0,2,2,6,15,46,61,35
|y1Title=Men
|y2=0,0,0,0,0,2,6,26,64,50
|y2Title=Women
|y3=
|y3Title=Unknown
|yGrid=
}}


[[File:Trading Status of Australian Businesses during COVID-19.gif|thumb|300px|The area of each segment represents the number of businesses per sector of the Australian economy; the figure represents the percentage still operating. By 7 April, the Arts and Recreation sector (shown in red) was the worst hit.<ref name="ABS">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5676.0.55.003Main%20Features2Week%20Commencing%2030%20March%202020 |title=5676.0.55.003 – Business Indicators, Business Impacts of COVID-19, Week Commencing 30&nbsp;March 2020 |date=7 April 2020 |website=abs.gov.au |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407130554/https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5676.0.55.003Main%20Features2Week%20Commencing%2030%20March%202020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|alt=]]
{{col-end}}


[[File:Mary Street during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brisbane, Australia.jpg|thumb|right|An empty street in the [[Brisbane central business district]], 29 March 2020]]
== Preventive measures ==
{{see also|Biosecurity in Australia|Biosecurity Act 2015}}


On 3 March 2020, the [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] became the first central bank to cut interest rates in response to the outbreak. Official interest rates were cut by 0.25% to a record low of 0.5%.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Janda |first1=Michael |title=Coronavirus crisis sees RBA slash interest rates to new low of 0.5pc |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-03/reserve-bank-slashes-interest-rates-over-coronavirus/12020950|access-date=3 March 2020 |work=ABC News |date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
===Federal Government===


On 12 March, the federal government announced a planned {{AUD}}17.6&nbsp;billion stimulus package.<ref name="Stim Package Gov.">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.liberal.org.au/latest-news/2020/03/12/economic-stimulus-package |title=Economic Stimulus Package |date=12 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020 |website=liberal.org.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320145833/https://www.liberal.org.au/latest-news/2020/03/12/economic-stimulus-package|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/12/what-australian-governments-coronavirus-stimulus-package-means-for-you-explainer |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020 |first=Sarah |last=Martin |title=What the Australian government's $17bn coronavirus stimulus package means for you|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320041121/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/12/what-australian-governments-coronavirus-stimulus-package-means-for-you-explainer|archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The package consists of multiple parts: a one-off payment to pensioners, social security recipients, veteran and other income support recipients and eligible concession card holders, payments of {{AUD}}2,000–{{AUD}}25,000 to affected small businesses, an increase to the threshold for the Instant Asset Write-off Program, tax concessions for investments, a small business 50% wage subsidy for 120,000 trainees and apprentices, and {{AUD}}1 billion in subsidies for heavily affected industries.<ref name="Stim Package Gov."/><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-11/australia-unveils-stimulus-plan-to-buttress-economy-from-virus |url-access=subscription |title=Australia Unveils A$17.6 Billion in Stimulus to Combat Virus |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=11 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020 |first1=Jason |last1=Scott |first2=Alexandra |last2=Veroude |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320145822/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-11/australia-unveils-stimulus-plan-to-buttress-economy-from-virus |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:COVID-19 travel restrictions for Australians.png|thumb|COVID-19 travel restrictions for Australians and Permanent Residents]]


On 17 March, the New South Wales government announced a A$2.3&nbsp;billion stimulus package, including A$700&nbsp;million for health services. A$450&nbsp;million was allocated to waive payroll tax for 3 months, and $250&nbsp;million was allocated so state-owned buildings and public schools could employ more cleaners. Seven hundred and fifty million dollars was allocated for capital works and public asset maintenance.<ref name="abc-econ-stim-nsw-mar-'20">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Raper |first1=Ashleigh |title=NSW Government announces $2.3&nbsp;billion coronavirus stimulus package |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-17/nsw-government-reveals-2.3-billion-coronavirus-stimulus-package/12061322 |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=16 March 2020}}</ref>
On 1 February 2020, Australia banned the entry of foreign nationals from mainland China, and ordered its own returning citizens from China to self-quarantine for 14 days.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pannett|first=Rachel|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/australia-s-qantas-suspends-china-flights-as-virus-impact-spreads-11580536238|title=Australia Restricts Travelers From Mainland China as Virus Impact Spreads|date=1 February 2020|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=17 March 2020|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225021409/https://www.wsj.com/articles/australia-s-qantas-suspends-china-flights-as-virus-impact-spreads-11580536238|archive-date=25 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Australia subsequently imposed travel bans on Iran (1 March),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6662380/new-virus-cases-trigger-tougher-travel-restrictions-on-iran/|title=New virus cases trigger tougher travel restrictions on Iran|last=Lawson|first=Kirsten|date=4 March 2020|website=The Canberra Times|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084148/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6662380/new-virus-cases-trigger-tougher-travel-restrictions-on-iran/|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> South Korea (5 March),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australia-puts-travel-ban-on-south-korea-enhanced-screening-on-italy-20200305-p54770.html|title=Australia puts travel ban on South Korea, enhanced screening on Italy|last=McCauley|first=Eryk Bagshaw, Dana|date=5 March 2020|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084148/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australia-puts-travel-ban-on-south-korea-enhanced-screening-on-italy-20200305-p54770.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and Italy (11 March).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/politics/federal/australia-extends-coronavirus-travel-ban-to-italy-20200311-p548x4.html|title=Australia bans travellers from Italy|last=Bagshaw|first=Eryk|date=10 March 2020|website=Brisbane Times|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084146/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/politics/federal/australia-extends-coronavirus-travel-ban-to-italy-20200311-p548x4.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A general travel ban, with limited exceptions, on non-citizens and non-residents travelling to Australia and Australians travelling overseas was introduced on 20 March.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-19/coronavirus-non-resident-travel-ban-australia/12071640 |title=Australia blocks arrival of all non-citizens, non-residents in expanded coronavirus travel ban - ABC News |publisher=Abc.net.au |date= |accessdate=2020-05-12}}</ref>


On 18 March, the Northern Territory government announced an economic stimulus package of A$60&nbsp;million.<ref name="abc-econ-stim-nt-mar-'20">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Vivian |first1=Steve |last2=Gibson |first2=Jano |title=NT Government announces $60&nbsp;million coronavirus economic stimulus package |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/nt-government-announces-coronavirus-stimulus-package/12065008 |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 March 2020}}</ref>
====National Cabinet====
{{main|National Cabinet}}
On 13 March, the [[National Cabinet]], a form of national crisis cabinet akin to a [[Australian War Cabinet|war cabinet]], was created following a meeting of the [[Council of Australian Governments]] (COAG). This is the first time such a cabinet has been proclaimed since [[World War II]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bonyhady |first1=Nick |last2=Duke |first2=Jennifer |title=Leaders in unprecedented 'national cabinet' to tackle coronavirus |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/leaders-in-unprecedented-national-cabinet-to-tackle-coronavirus-20200313-p549wd.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314175730/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/leaders-in-unprecedented-national-cabinet-to-tackle-coronavirus-20200313-p549wd.html |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the only time in Australian history that a crisis cabinet has included state and territory leaders.<ref name="500People"/> The cabinet consists of the [[premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories]] and meets weekly during the crisis.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lamb |first1=Kate |title=Australia's' 'war cabinet' set to meet as COVID-19 cases surpass 250 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-australia/australias-war-cabinet-set-to-meet-as-covid-19-cases-surpass-250-idUSKBN212015 |work=Reuters |date=15 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315110001/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-australia/australias-war-cabinet-set-to-meet-as-covid-19-cases-surpass-250-idUSKBN212015 |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> At its first meeting on 13 March, the National Cabinet announced that gatherings of more than 500 people should be cancelled from 15 March. Schools, universities, workplaces, public transport and airports were not included in this recommendation.<ref name="500People">{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-13/coronavirus-scott-morrison-coag-premiers-cancelling-events/12053382|title=Gatherings of more than 500 people to be cancelled amid coronavirus fears|last=Worthington|first=political correspondent Brett|date=13 March 2020|publisher=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313081615/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-13/coronavirus-scott-morrison-coag-premiers-cancelling-events/12053382|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Prime Minister Morrison also announced that he intended to attend a Rugby League match on 14 March; "I do still plan to go to the football on Saturday"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/video/2020/mar/13/scott-morrison-defends-decision-to-attend-rugby-league-game-during-coronavirus-outbreak-video|title=Scott Morrison defends decision to attend rugby league game during coronavirus outbreak – video|date=13 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=6 April 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="500People" /> but later decided against attending the match.


On 19 March, the Reserve Bank again cut interest rates by a further 0.25%, from 0.5% to 0.25%, the lowest in Australian history.<ref name=rba-int-cut-19-march>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2020/mr-20-08.html |title=Statement by Philip Lowe, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision |last=Lowe |first=Philip |date=19 March 2020 |website=Reserve Bank of Australia|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319064139/https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2020/mr-20-08.html|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 15 March, Morrison announced that from midnight, all travellers arriving in or returning to Australia must self-isolate for 14 days,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51894322|title=Australia orders all arrivals to self-isolate|date=15 March 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=17 March 2020|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316080203/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51894322|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> mirroring a similar requirement imposed by New Zealand. Failure to comply could result in a fine of {{AUD|11,000}} to {{AUD|50,000}} and a possible prison sentence, depending on the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://7news.com.au/travel/coronavirus/australias-coronavirus-death-toll-rises-c-746159|title=Australia's coronavirus death toll rises|date=15 March 2020|website=7NEWS.com.au|language=en|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084148/https://7news.com.au/travel/coronavirus/australias-coronavirus-death-toll-rises-c-746159|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Cruise ships were also barred from docking in the country for 30 days.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Karp|first=Paul|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/15/all-overseas-arrivals-in-australia-must-self-isolate-for-14-days-amid-new-coronavirus-rules|title=All overseas arrivals in Australia must self-isolate for 14 days under new coronavirus rules|date=15 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315105650/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/15/all-overseas-arrivals-in-australia-must-self-isolate-for-14-days-amid-new-coronavirus-rules|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-15/coronavirus-covid19-self-isolation-announced-for-australia/12057772|title=Australia enforces self-isolation on overseas arrivals, lockdowns on the table|last=Borys|first=Stephanie|date=15 March 2020|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315082054/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-15/coronavirus-covid19-self-isolation-announced-for-australia/12057772|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


In March 2020, the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] (ABS) began releasing a number of additional statistical products to assess the economic impacts on the outbreak on the Australian economy. Data on retail trade turnover indicated a 0.4% rise in turnover in February 2020. Negative effects on some areas of the retail sector (particularly tourism-dependent businesses) were offset by a rise in food retail turnover, with supermarkets showing a large rise in sales,<ref name="abs-retailto">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=8501.0.55.008 – Retail Trade, Australia, Preliminary, February 2020 |date=18 March 2020 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/8501.0.55.008Main%20Features1February%202020?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=8501.0.55.008&issue=February%202020&num=&view= |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=19 March 2020 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404060053/https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/8501.0.55.008Main%20Features1February%202020?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=8501.0.55.008&issue=February%202020&num=&view= |url-status=dead}}</ref> mainly arising from [[panic buying]].
On 29 March, the Cabinet agreed to stricter limits to apply from midnight on the 30th: a limit on both indoor and outdoor gatherings of two people except weddings (5) funerals (10) and people of the same household or family; strong guidance to all Australians is to stay home unless for necessary shopping, health care, exercise, and work and study that can't be done remotely; public playgrounds, skate parks and outside gyms to be closed. It was left to individual states to enforce these guidelines. They also agreed to a moratorium on evictions for six months for both commercial and residential tenancies suffering financial distress.<ref name=mr20mar>{{cite press release | title=National Cabinet Statement | agency=Prime Minister of Australia | url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-cabinet-statement |date=29 March 2020 | access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref>


On 22 March, the Federal government announced a second stimulus package of A$66&nbsp;billion, increasing the amount of total financial package offered to A$89&nbsp;billion. This included several new measures like an extra {{AUD}}550 '[[Social security in Australia#Coronavirus assistance|Coronavirus Supplement]]' payment to those on income support, paid from 27 April to 24 September 2020,<ref name="serv-aust-virus-supplement">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus Supplement - How much you can get |url=https://www.servicesaustralia.gov.au/individuals/services/centrelink/coronavirus-supplement/how-much-you-can-get |website=servicesaustralia.gov.au |publisher=Services Australia |access-date=20 July 2020 |date=1 June 2020 |quote=The Coronavirus Supplement is a fortnightly $550 payment on top of your eligible income support payment. We'll pay it from 27 April 2020 until 24 September 2020}}</ref> and relaxed eligibility criteria for individuals on [[Social security in Australia#JobSeeker Payment|JobSeeker Payment]], granting A$100,000 to small and medium-sized businesses and A$715&nbsp;million to Australian airports and airlines. It also allowed individuals affected by the outbreak to access up to A$10,000 of their superannuation during 2019–2020 and also being able to take an additional same amount for the next year.<ref name="second package">{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51992357 |title=Coronavirus: Australia to close pubs, cafes and places of worship |publisher=BBC |date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032845/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51992357|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
====Human biosecurity emergency====
On 18 March 2020,<ref name=decl/> a [[state of emergency|human biosecurity emergency]] was declared in Australia owing to the risks to human health posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, after a [[National Security Committee (Australia)|National Security Committee]] meeting the previous day. The ''[[Biosecurity Act 2015]]'' specifies that the [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]] may declare such an emergency exists if the [[Minister for Health (Australia)|Health Minister]] (currently [[Greg Hunt]]) is satisfied that "a listed human disease is posing a severe and immediate threat, or is causing harm, to human health on a nationally significant scale". This gives the minister sweeping powers, including imposing restrictions or preventing the movement of people and goods between specified places, and [[Emergency evacuation|evacuations]].<ref name=emergdec>{{cite web | last=McPhee | first=Sarah | title=Human biosecurity emergency declared in Australia | website=NewsComAu | date=17 March 2020 | url=https://www.news.com.au/national/politics/coronavirus-australia-human-biosecurity-emergency-declared/news-story/cd7fbff78297c076c8bb774595459c59 | access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> The ''Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration 2020'' was declared by the Governor-General, [[David Hurley]], under Section 475 of the Act.<ref name=decl>{{cite document|url=https://nswbar.asn.au/uploads/pdf-documents/biosecurity_emergency.pdf|title=Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration2020| access-date=29 March 2020|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia}}</ref> The ''Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Emergency Requirements) Determination 2020'', made by the Health Minister on the same day, forbids international cruise ships from entering Australian ports before 15 April 2020.<ref name=parlexpl>{{cite web | title=COVID-19 Biosecurity Emergency Declaration | website=Parliament of Australia | date=27 March 2020|first1=Howard|last1= Maclean|first2=Karen |last2=Elphick| url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2020/March/COVID-19_Biosecurity_Emergency_Declaration | access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>


On 30 March, the Australian Government announced a six-month, A$130&nbsp;billion JobKeeper payment.<ref name="Job-Keeper"/> The JobKeeper payment provides businesses with up to A$1,500 a fortnight per full-time or part-time employee, or casual employee that has worked for that business for over a year. To be eligible, a business with an annual revenue of under {{AUD}}1 billion must have lost 30% turnover since 1 March, or 50% for businesses over {{AUD}}1&nbsp;billion. The entire payment made to businesses for an employee must then, by law, be paid to that employee in lieu of normal pay.<ref name="Job-Keeper">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Federal Government offers A$130b in coronavirus wage subsidies for businesses to pay workers |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-30/coronavirus-wage-subsidies-government-businesses-workers/12103108 |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 March 2020 |ref=JobKeeper}}</ref> This response came after the enormous job losses seen just a week prior when an estimated 1 million Australians lost their jobs. The program was backdated to 1 March with the aim of re-employing many people who had lost their jobs in the weeks before. In the first hour of the scheme, over 8,000 businesses registered to receive the payments. The program is one of the largest economic packages ever implemented in modern Australian history.<ref name="Job-Keeper"/> JobKeeper ended on 28 March 2021.<ref name="abc-jobkeeper-ends">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Ziffer |first1=Daniel |title=The government just turned off a $90b tap of cash. What happens now? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-29/jobkeeper-ends-what-now-for-australian-businesses/100031668 |access-date=29 March 2021 |work=ABC News - The Business |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=28 March 2021}}</ref>
On 19 March, Morrison announced that Australia would be closing its borders to all non-residents and non-Australian citizens from 9:00 pm on 20 March. The Australian Government had imposed the ban in coordination with New Zealand, which imposed a ban on most non-residents and non-citizens from midnight on 19 March.<ref name=closeborders>{{cite news |last1=Burke |first1=Kelly |title=Australia closes borders to stop coronavirus |url=https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/australia-closes-borders-to-stop-coronavirus-c-752927 |accessdate=19 March 2020 |work=[[7 News]] |date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319081310/https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/australia-closes-borders-to-stop-coronavirus-c-752927 |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Eleanor |title=New Zealand and Australia close borders to foreigners amid coronavirus crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/19/new-zealand-closes-borders-to-foreigners-amid-coronavirus-crisis |accessdate=19 March 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319081309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/19/new-zealand-closes-borders-to-foreigners-amid-coronavirus-crisis |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>


On 11 April, the South Australian state government announced its own A$350&nbsp;million economic stimulus measures.<ref name="abc-sa-eco-stim-mar-2020">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Dayman |first1=Isabel |title=New coronavirus cases confirmed as SA Premier announces $350m stimulus package |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-11/sa-premier-announces-350m-dollar-coronavirus-stimulus-package/12045414 |access-date=31 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=11 March 2020}}</ref>
A [[social distancing]] rule of {{convert|4|m2}} per person in any enclosed space was agreed by National Cabinet on 20 March, to be implemented through State and Territory laws.<ref>{{cite press release|date=20 March 2020|title=Update on coronavirus measures|url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-0|url-status=live|agency=Prime Minister of Australia|accessdate=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416173135/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-0|archive-date=16 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|date=22 March 2020|title=Update on coronavirus measures|url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-220320|url-status=live|agency=Prime Minister of Australia|accessdate=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416171431/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-220320|archive-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> On 22 March 2020, the [[Government of New South Wales|State governments of New South Wales]] and [[Government of Victoria|Victoria]] imposed a mandatory closure of non-essential services,<ref name=nonessential>{{cite web|title=Australia coronavirus updates live: NSW and Victoria to shut down non-essential services|work=[[The Guardian Australia]]|date=22 March 2020|accessdate=22 March 2020|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/22/coronavirus-updates-live-australia-nsw-victoria-qld-tasmania-cases-government-stimulus-latest-update-news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322010802/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/22/coronavirus-updates-live-australia-nsw-victoria-qld-tasmania-cases-government-stimulus-latest-update-news|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> while the [[Government of Western Australia|Governments of Western Australia]] and [[Government of South Australia|South Australia]] imposed border closures.<ref>{{cite news|title=SA, WA to close borders as COVID-19 cases across Australia surge|work=[[SBS Australia]]|date=22 March 2020|accessdate=22 March 2020|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/sa-wa-to-close-borders-as-covid-19-cases-across-australia-surge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322072354/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/sa-wa-to-close-borders-as-covid-19-cases-across-australia-surge|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


In late April, the Federal government announced A$94.6&nbsp;million of support was available for zoos, wildlife parks and aquariums forced to close by coronavirus restrictions. This was part of previously announced economic stimulus measures.<ref name="abc-zoo-support">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Macmillan |first1=Jade |title=Zoos to receive $95&nbsp;million coronavirus lifeline from Federal Government |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-28/zoos-battling-coronavirus-shutdown-95-million-funding-lifeline/12189972 |access-date=31 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=27 April 2020}}</ref>
On 22 March, Morrison announced a closure of places of social gathering, including registered and licensed clubs, licensed premises in hotels and bars, entertainment venues, including but not restricted to cinemas, casinos and nightclubs and places of worship. Cafes and restaurants could remain open, but were limited to only takeaway food. Similarly, enclosed spaces for funerals and things of that nature will have to follow the strict four square metre rule. These measures were effective immediately at midday, 23 March.<ref name=socialgather>{{cite web|first1=Rob|last1=Harris|accessdate=22 March 2020|title=Drastic bans on pubs and clubs in bid to stop coronavirus|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/drastic-bans-on-pubs-and-clubs-in-bid-to-stop-coronavirus-20200322-p54csr.html|date=22 March 2020|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322104208/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/drastic-bans-on-pubs-and-clubs-in-bid-to-stop-coronavirus-20200322-p54csr.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=22 March 2020|title=Coronavirus Australia: Pubs Casinos Churches Cinemas To...|url=https://10daily.com.au/news/australia/a200322tyhkm/pubs-casinos-and-churches-to-shut-in-tough-new-measures-after-australians-fail-to-social-distance-20200322|website=10daily.com.au|date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322104753/https://10daily.com.au/news/australia/a200322tyhkm/pubs-casinos-and-churches-to-shut-in-tough-new-measures-after-australians-fail-to-social-distance-20200322|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Morrison stated that he would like schools to remain open, but parents could keep children at home if they wished to.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=22 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: Australia to close pubs, cafes and places of worship|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51992357|website=bbc.com|date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032845/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51992357|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


The [[2020 Australian federal budget|2020 Federal Budget]], normally delivered in May, was delayed until 6&nbsp;October because of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="abc-budget-2020-deliver"/>
On 25 March 2020, the Health Minister made a second determination under the ''Biosecurity Act 2015'', the ''Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Overseas Travel Ban Emergency Requirements) Determination 2020'', which "forbids Australian citizens and permanent residents from leaving Australian territory by air or sea as a passenger".<ref name=parlexpl/>


On 22 May 2020, the [[Treasury (Australia)|Treasury]] and [[Australian Taxation Office]] announced there had been a miscalculation of {{AUD}}60&nbsp;billion in the planned cost of the JobKeeper program. Blaming 1,000 businesses for making "significant errors" on the application form, the [[Australian Government]] revealed it had overbudgeted the program, and that it was forecast to cost {{AUD}}70 billion, not {{AUD}}130&nbsp;billion. The Treasury also announced that its original forecast of 6.5&nbsp;million recipients was inaccurate, and closer to 3.5&nbsp;million.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Hitch |first=Georgia |date=22 May 2020 |title=JobKeeper numbers cut by 3 million after Federal Government reveals accounting bungle in coronavirus stimulus program |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-22/jobkeeper-numbers-cut-by-3-million-businesses-accounting-bungle/12277488|access-date=7 July 2020 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Scott Morrison]] celebrated the saving, while the [[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] announced a parliamentary inquiry in an attempt to compel Treasurer [[Josh Frydenberg]] to explain the overestimation.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Worthington |first=Brett |date=24 May 2020 |title=Scott Morrison takes responsibility for Federal Government's $60&nbsp;billion JobKeeper mistake |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-24/coronavirus-jobkeeper-wage-subsidy-josh-frydenberg-60-billion/12280716|access-date=7 July 2020 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref>
On 25 April 2020, the ''Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Emergency Requirements—Public Health Contact Information) Determination 2020'', made under subsection 477(1) of the Act, was signed into law by the Health Minister.<ref name=appleg>{{cite web | title=Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Emergency Requirements—Public Health Contact Information) Determination 2020|publisher=Australian Government | website=Federal Register of Legislation | date=25 April 2020 | url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2020L00480 | access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> The purpose of the new legislation is "to make [[contact tracing]] faster and more effective by encouraging public acceptance and uptake of COVIDSafe", COVIDSafe being the new [[mobile app]] created for the purpose. The function of the app is to record contact between any two people who both have the app on their phones when they come within {{convert|1.5|m}} of each other. The encrypted data would remain on the phone for 21 days of not encountering a person logged with confirmed COVID-19.<ref name=covidsafe>{{cite web | first=t Brett|last= Worthington| title=Coronavirus tracing app COVIDSafe released by Government to halt spread of COVID-19 in Australia| website=ABC News | date=26 April 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-26/coronavirus-tracing-app-covidsafe-australia-government-covid-19/12186130 | access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref>


In July 2020, Australian Finance Minister [[Mathias Cormann]], in an interview with the US [[CNBC]] news channel, vowed that the government's budget deficit was expected to increase to A$85.8&nbsp;billion Australian dollars in the financial year ended on 30 June and further widen to A$184.5&nbsp;billion in the new fiscal year.<ref>{{#invoke:cite interview ||author=Yen Nee Lee |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/23/coronavirus-sends-australia-into-its-largest-budget-deficit-in-decades.html |title=Coronavirus pandemic sends Australia into its largest budget deficit in decades| access-date=23 July 2020 |date=23 July 2020 |work=Street Signs Asia |publisher=CNBC}}</ref>
====National COVID-19 Coordination Commission====
{{main|National COVID-19 Coordination Commission}}
On 25 March, the [[National COVID-19 Coordination Commission]] (NCCC) was established by the Prime Minister as a strategic advisory body for the national response to the pandemic.<ref name=ncccmr/><ref name=ncccmandarin/> The NCCC's role includes providing advice on public-private partnerships and coordination to mitigate the social and economic impacts of the pandemic.<ref name=afrnccc/><ref name=ncccsmh/>


On 2 September, the [[Economy of Australia|Australian economy]] went into [[recession]] for the first time in nearly thirty years. The country's [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) fell 7 per cent in the June quarter.<ref name="nyt-recession">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Kwai |first1=Isabella |title=Australia's First Recession in Decades Signals Tougher Times to Come |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/02/business/australia-recession.html |url-access=limited |access-date=22 September 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=2 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="afr-recession">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia's recession in seven graphs |url=https://www.afr.com/policy/economy/australia-s-recession-in-five-graphs-20200902-p55rkw |url-access=limited |access-date=22 September 2020 |work=Australian Financial Review |date=2 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="abc-recession">{{#invoke:Cite news||title='Economy held together with duct tape' as Australia officially enters recession |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-02/australian-recession-confirmed-as-economy-shrinks-in-june-qtr/12619950 |access-date=22 September 2020 |work=ABC News |date=2 September 2020}}</ref> In December, it was announced Australia had pulled out of recession after experiencing a 3.3% growth in GDP in the September quarter. Treasurer [[Josh Frydenberg]] stated the effects of the recession had lasting impacts and the recovery was far from over. Australia is set to avoid an economic depression as forecast earlier in 2020, though GDP is likely to have experienced a contraction from 2019 figures.<ref name="abs-stats-sept-2020">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, September 2020 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-national-income-expenditure-and-product/sep-2020 |website=www.abs.gov.au |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=28 March 2021 |date=12 February 2020}}</ref>
On 29 March, Prime Minister Morrison announced in a press conference following a National Cabinet meeting that public gatherings will be limited to two people, while also urging Australians over the age of 70, Australians with [[chronic illness]] over the age of 60 and [[Indigenous Australians]] over the age of 50 to stay home and self-isolate.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/mar/29/coronavirus-australia-latest-at-a-glance |title=Coronavirus Australia latest: at a glance|date=29 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> Morrison also clarified that there were only four acceptable reasons for Australians to leave their houses: shopping for essentials; for medical or compassionate needs; exercise in compliance with the public gathering restriction of two people; and for work or education purposes.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-29/scott-morrison-coronavirus-covid19-two-person-rule-explained/12101212 |title=Scott Morrison just announced the two-person rule in the fight against coronavirus, but what does it actually mean?
|date=29 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref>


The 2020 Australian federal budget, delayed from May, is finally delivered on 6&nbsp;October.<ref name="abc-budget-2020-deliver">{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Worthington |first1=Brett |title=Federal Budget 2020 reveals Australia headed to record debt of almost $1&nbsp;trillion |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-06/budget-2020-tax-cuts-deficit-coronavirus/12731914 |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=24 February 2021 |date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
=== New South Wales ===
[[File:La-Perouse-Beach-Closed-Apr-2020.jpg |thumb |Barricades erected by [[City of Randwick|Randwick City Council]] to prevent access to a beach at [[La Perouse, New South Wales]]]]
[[File:NSW Government COVID-19 automatic signalling notice.jpg |thumb|NSW Government COVID-19 automatic signalling notice]]
Premier [[Gladys Berejiklian]] formed a "war cabinet" to make decisions in relation to the pandemic.<ref name="warcabinet">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Alexandra |title='Matter of life and death': NSW Police can enforce isolation bans |url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/politics/nsw/matter-of-life-and-death-nsw-police-can-enforce-isolation-bans-20200315-p54a9p.html?ref=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_source=rss_feed |work=Brisbane Times |date=15 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Members include herself, [[Treasurer of New South Wales|Treasurer]] [[Dominic Perrottet]], [[Minister for Health and Medical Research (New South Wales)|Minister for Health and Medical Research]] [[Brad Hazzard]] and [[Minister for Police and Emergency Services (New South Wales)|Minister for Police and Emergency Services]] [[David Elliott (politician)|David Elliott]].<ref name="warcabinet" />


==== "Dine and Discover NSW" ====
On 15 March, Secretary of the [[Department of Education (New South Wales)|New South Wales Department of Education]], [[Mark Scott (businessman)|Mark Scott]] ordered that, effective immediately, New South Wales schools introduce social distancing measures to reduce the spread of coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Jordan |title=School assemblies, excursions and events to be cancelled |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/school-assemblies-excursions-and-events-to-be-cancelled-20200315-p54aae.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=15 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316201120/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/school-assemblies-excursions-and-events-to-be-cancelled-20200315-p54aae.html |archive-date=16 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The order requires schools to cancel all assemblies, excursions, travel, concerts, large inter-school sporting and arts events, and other events that would require students and staff to congregate in large numbers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Meade |first1=Amanda |title=Australian schools stay open amid coronavirus but NSW brings in social distancing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/15/australian-schools-stay-open-amid-coronavirus-but-nsw-brings-in-social-distancing |work=the Guardian |date=15 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316005429/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/15/australian-schools-stay-open-amid-coronavirus-but-nsw-brings-in-social-distancing |archive-date=16 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Schools were to stay open. Four schools in the state have been shut for periods during the crisis due to confirmed cases within their school communities.<ref name="abc">{{cite news |title=Sydney news: Coronavirus closes Katoomba High School, prisons begin screening |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-13/sydney-morning-briefing-friday-march-13/12051582 |work=ABC |access-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313142906/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-13/sydney-morning-briefing-friday-march-13/12051582 |archive-date=13 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 17 November 2020, the NSW Government announced in the state budget that all NSW residents over 18 years of age would be eligible to receive four A$25 vouchers through [[Service NSW]] to help stimulate the economy.<ref name=abc-vouchers/> Two vouchers are for dining, Monday to Thursday only, excluding public holidays. The other two are to be spent on entertainment, excluding on public holidays.<ref name=nsw-service-voucher/> Businesses need to be COVID-safe registered, and sign-up for the scheme. The vouchers cannot be used for gambling, alcohol, cigarettes, retail purchases or accommodation. The program was originally called "Out and About".<ref name=abc-vouchers>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Cockburn |first1=Paige |title=All adults in NSW to get $100 vouchers as part of budget cash splash |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-17/nsw-budget-includes-$100-vouchers-for-dining-and-entertainment/12887846 |access-date=25 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=16 November 2020}}</ref>


Residents will need to have a Service NSW account to receive their vouchers. After trials in Sydney and regional areas, full rollout was scheduled for March.<ref name=nsw-service-voucher>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Dine and Discover NSW |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/dine-and-discover-nsw#dine--discover-nsw |website=www.nsw.gov.au |publisher=NSW Government |access-date=25 January 2021 |date=15 January 2021}}</ref> The trials began in [[Broken Hill]], and [[The Rocks, New South Wales|the Rocks]] in Sydney on 11 February 2021.<ref name="abc-dine-discov-trial">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Sydney news: COVID-19 $100 stimulus vouchers can now be used in The Rocks and Broken Hill |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-11/sydney-news-dining-entertainment-vouchers-available/13140900 |access-date=12 February 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=10 February 2021}}</ref>
On 16 March, [[Minister for Health and Medical Research (New South Wales)|New South Wales Minister for Health and Medical Research]] [[Brad Hazzard]] announced that he was using his powers, under Section 7 of the 'Public Health Act 2010', to immediately and indefinitely cancel all public events with more than 500 attendees.<ref name="7NEWS.com.au">{{cite news |last1=Sanda |first1=Dominica |title='Brace yourselves' as NSW virus cases rise |url=https://7news.com.au/news/health/brace-yourselves-as-nsw-virus-cases-rise-c-746748 |work=7NEWS.com.au |date=15 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The order is enforceable by [[NSW Police]] and violations of the order can carry a prison term of six months, an $11,000 fine, or both.<ref name="7NEWS.com.au"/>


As early as mid-April 2021, the scheme was said by some regional NSW residents to be "city centric'. At this time, the vouchers had been used by less than 10% of the 5 million who can use it. There were calls by NSW opposition political parties for the scheme to be extended beyond its initial 30 June 2021 deadline to use the vouchers.<ref name="abc-nsw-d&d-city-centric">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Gregory |first1=Xanthe |title=Dine and Discover vouchers slammed by NSW regions as being too 'city-centric' |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-18/dine-and-discover-nsw-fails-regional-businesses/100073426 |access-date=9 June 2021 |work=ABC Central West |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=18 April 2021}}</ref> On 9 June 2021, the Dine & Discover scheme was extended by a month to 31 July.<ref name="9news-nsw-d&d-extended">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=NSW Dine & Discover Vouchers extended to July 31 |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/nsw-dine-discover-vouchers-how-long-do-the-vouchers-last-when-do-they-expire-explainer/af55683f-6656-416e-9b52-dc8f6631aa27 |access-date=9 June 2021 |work=9News |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=9 June 2021}}</ref> The scheme was then extended again to 31 August due to the lockdown in NSW,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://concreteplayground.com/sydney/food-drink/food-2/dine-and-discover-extension-august-takeaway |title=NSW's Dine & Discover Vouchers Will Now Run Until August and Can Be Used on Takeaway During Lockdown |last=Ward |first=Sarah |website=Concrete Playground |date=29 June 2021 |access-date=28 November 2021}}</ref> and then eventually to 30 June 2022.<ref name="ExtraVouchers">{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://concreteplayground.com/sydney/food-drink/nsw-extra-dine-discover-vouchers-november-26 |title=The NSW Government's Two Extra $25 Dine & Discover Vouchers Are Being Rolled Out From Today |last=Ward |first=Sarah |website=Concrete Playground |date=26 November 2021 |access-date=28 November 2021}}</ref> In November 2021, two extra vouchers were granted, one for dining and one for entertainment.<ref name="ExtraVouchers"/>
[[Tom Bathurst|Chief Justice Bathurst]], [[Chief Justice of New South Wales]], and Chief Judge Price of the [[District Court of New South Wales]] ordered that effective 16 March 2020, new jury trials would be suspended to limit the spread of coronavirus.<ref>{{cite web |title=A joint announcement of the Supreme Court of NSW and the District Court of NSW |url=http://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Home%20Page/Announcements/Covid-19,%20Jury%20Trials,%2015%20March%202020.pdf |website=Supreme Court of New South Wales |publisher=Supreme Court of New South Wales |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315082111/http://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Home%20Page/Announcements/Covid-19,%20Jury%20Trials,%2015%20March%202020.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The order did not apply to already empanelled jury trials.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Trembath |first1=Murray |title=Court trials suspended |url=https://www.theleader.com.au/story/6679496/court-trials-suspended/?cs=1507 |work=St George & Sutherland Shire Leader |date=16 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> [[Corrective Services New South Wales]] implemented screening mechanisms, early flu vaccination programs and stricter hygiene requirements for staff, visitors and inmates to slow the spread of the virus.<ref name="abc"/>


==== 2021 ====
The [[University of Sydney]] cancelled all graduations, conferences, academic and student organised events.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Jordan |title=University cancels all events, moves courses online to slow spread of virus |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/university-cancels-all-events-moves-courses-online-to-slow-spread-of-virus-20200313-p549xm.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314171839/https://www.smh.com.au/national/university-cancels-all-events-moves-courses-online-to-slow-spread-of-virus-20200313-p549xm.html |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[University of New South Wales]] announced that it was cancelling all student and academic events until Easter, encourage staff to work from home and, where possible, shift all lectures, tutorials, demonstrations and labs to online learning.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=UNSW |number=1239397529050959874 |date = 16 March 2020 |title=#CORONAVIRUS UPDATE (16 March): We are continuing to carefully follow the guidance of @NSWHealth in our response to COVID-19. It is now sensible to take these additional steps to help shape the profile of the epidemic. }}</ref>
On 22 February 2021, Prime Minister [[Scott Morrison]] announced that the [[Social security in Australia#JobSeeker Payment|JobSeeker Payment]] base rate would be increased by A$50 a fortnight from April 2021. The payment will rise to A$614 a fortnight, with an estimated cost over [[forward estimates]] of A$9&nbsp;billion. It is also intended to increase the threshold amount recipients can earn before their payment starts to be reduced.<ref name="abc-jobseeker-rate-+A$25wk">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Norman |first1=Jane |last2=Snape |first2=Jack |title=Prime Minister argues $25 per week increase to JobSeeker is 'appropriate' |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-23/jobseeker-recipients-in-line-for-extra-$25-a-week/13182498 |access-date=23 February 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 February 2021 |quote=the payment was now at 41 per cent of minimum wage, the same level as during the Howard government.}}</ref>


On 26 February 2021, the chief executive of the Australian Airports Association, James Goodwin,<!-- NOT the escaped convict! --> said that Australian airports had been losing A$320 million every month during the COVID-19 pandemic. He also said over the past 12 months, job losses amounted to 25 per cent of the airports' workforce.<ref name="9news-airport-losses">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Wood |first1=Richard |title=Airports want kickstart of international travel 'within months' |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-border-restrictions-must-be-lifted-international-travel-airports-say/88d36a1b-146a-4388-ac7b-f9cb4488da5c |access-date=4 March 2021 |work=9 News |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=26 February 2021}}</ref>
New South Wales schools were directed by the State Department of Education Secretary, Mark Scott, to cancel all assemblies, excursions, travel, and some events and conferences, including arts and initiative events, as well as whole school sporting events and inter-school sporting events with three or more involved schools.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-social-distancing-nsw-schools-to-cancel-assemblies-sport/c56918a1-80fc-4a5e-98c3-54a37e01967f |title=NSW schools to cancel assemblies, sport |website=www.9news.com.au |access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref>


On 10 March 2021, the Federal Government announced steps worth A$1.2&nbsp;billion to encourage Australians to holiday within Australia to assist ailing tourist destinations. Between April and July, up to 800,000 airfares to 13 regions normally favoured by international tourists will be halved for domestic travellers.<ref name="abc-eco-incent-home-hol+">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Glenday |first1=James |last2=Snape |first2=Jack |title=Government to slash domestic airfares to get more Aussies to holiday at home |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-10/tourism-coronavirus-pandemic-assistance-package-cheap-flights/13235432 |access-date=10 March 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=10 March 2021}}</ref>
Even though there was a ban on gatherings of more than 500 people, huge crowds flocked to the popular [[Bondi Beach]] and other beaches across Sydney on Friday 20 March. Health Minister [[Greg Hunt]] said that such behaviour was "unacceptable" while the New South Wales Labor's Shadow Treasurer, [[Walt Secord]] urged the government to completely close off the beach. New South Wales Police Minister [[David Elliott (politician)|David Elliott]] later stated in a televised interview that lifeguards were instructed to keep a head count of the people at the beach and if the number exceeded 500, the beach would be closed. On 21 March, crowds built up yet again which led [[Waverley Council]] to temporarily close [[Bondi Beach|Bondi]], and the other beaches of [[Bronte Beach|Bronte]] and [[Tamarama]].<ref name=autogenerated1 />


On 3 June 2021, the Federal Government announced that people who lose work as a result of lockdowns, of at least 7 days' length, may be eligible for a A$325 or A$500 per week Temporary COVID Disaster Payment. To be eligible:<ref name="abc-lockdown-payment-3june'21"/>
On 22 March, a public health order was issued that declared [[Lord Howe Island]] a public risk area and directed restricted access. As of that date there were no known cases of COVID-19 on Lord Howe Island.<ref name="Lord Howe">{{cite web |url=https://www.lordhoweisland.info/covid19/ |title=COVID19 Q and A |website=Lordhoweisland.info |date=2 April 2020 |accessdate=19 April 2020}}</ref>
* Person must be older than 17
* Live/ work in a Commonwealth defined hot-spot
* Have less than A$10,000 liquid assets
* Would have worked except for lockdown, and,
** Will lose income due to lockdown
* Can't access special pandemic or sick leave, or,
** Have used it up
Those on other types of income support from the Commonwealth, like JobSeeker, are ineligible.<ref name="abc-lockdown-payment-3june'21"/>


To get the full A$500 payment, the lost work must be at least 20 hours. If the lost work is under 20 hours, the payment is $325.<ref name="abc-lockdown-payment-3june'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hitch |first1=Georgia |title=Find out who's eligible for the government's new lockdown payment |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-06-03/new-temporary-covid-payment-lockdown-explained/100188242 |access-date=3 June 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=3 June 2021}}</ref>
On 30 March, NSW Parliament passed the "COVID-19 Restrictions on Gathering and Movement" law,<ref name="NSW Public Health (COVID-19 Restrictions on Gathering and Movement) Order 2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/_emergency/Public%20Health%20(COVID-19%20Restrictions%20on%20Gathering%20and%20Movement)%20Order%202020.pdf |title=Public Health (COVID-19 Restrictions on Gathering and Movement) Order 2020 |website=legislation.nsw.gov.au |date = 30 April 2020 |accessdate=22 May 2020}}</ref> which limited public gatherings to two people and directed, "that a person must not, without reasonable excuse, leave the person's place of residence." It listed 16 reasonable excuses and took effect from midnight on March 31.


Victoria announced A$30&nbsp;million of financial support on 7 June 2021 for residents "locked out of work" by COVID lockdowns. The Victorian government also extended it emergency "hardship support payment" to October. This helps those on temporary or provisional visas who are not able get income from the Commonwealth.<ref name="9news-vic-$30mill-support">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Marsh |first1=Stuart |title=Victoria announces $30&nbsp;million support package targeted at residents hit by COVID lockdowns |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-victoria-covid-30-million-support-package-residents-hit-by-lockdowns/400014c2-77ea-40b6-84c9-88dba869d910 |access-date=11 June 2021 |work=9news.com.au |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd}}</ref>
As of 15 May, some restrictions on public and private gatherings were eased. Private homes were allowed 5 visitors.<ref name="abc-restricts-ease-13-june"/> Free standing cafes and restaurants, and those inside pubs and clubs, were allowed very limited sit-down dining, after being restricted to take-away only since 23 March. Bars and gaming areas remained closed. A maximum of 10 people were permitted in restaurants and cafes, while social distancing rules still had to be followed. Outdoor gatherings of up to 10 people were permitted. Up to 10 guests were permitted at weddings, and funerals could have up to 20 mourners indoors, 30 outdoors. Up to 10 people were allowed at indoor religious gatherings such as churches.<ref name="abc-restricts-eased-nsw">{{cite news |last1=Hirst |first1=David |title=NSW pubs and clubs to reopen on Friday for dining after coronavirus shutdown - |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-13/nsw-pubs-and-clubs-to-reopen-after-coronavirus-shutdown/12245164 |accessdate=13 May 2020 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=13 May 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name="7news-prem-iview-restricts">{{cite news |last1=Woolley |first1=Summer |title=NSW Premier sets the record straight on pubs in Sunrise interview |url=https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/coronavirus-australia-nsw-premier-sets-the-record-straight-on-pubs-and-clubs-in-sunrise-interview-c-1033770 |accessdate=13 May 2020 |work=7NEWS |publisher=Seven West Media |date=12 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


=== Employment ===
From 13 June, private homes were allowed to have up to 20 guests visit, and groups of 20 were allowed to meet outside. Food courts were allowed to open, so long as the 4 square metre per patron rule was kept, and no more than 50 patrons. Indoor gym classes were allowed 10 participants. Up to 100 persons were allowed inside gyms, so long as area requirements were adhered to.<ref name="abc-restricts-ease-13-june">{{cite news |author1=Staff |title=Major relaxation of NSW coronavirus restrictions as 20 people allowed inside homes |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-11/nsw-coronavirus-restrictions-eased-20-people-allowed-in-homes/12343052 |accessdate=16 July 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=10 June 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
The pandemic had significant negative effect on the Australian labour market.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Impact of COVID-19 on the Australian labour market |url=https://www.nationalskillscommission.gov.au/11-impact-covid-19-australian-labour-market |website=National Skills Commission |date=6 December 2020 |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref> In July 2019, unemployment was 5.1%, by July 2020 it peaked at 7.5%, during the pandemic, by the end of 2020 it had fallen to 6.6%.<ref name="smh-acc-jobseeker-unemp">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Duke |first1=Jennifer |title=JobSeeker should be reduced to $40-a-day: ACCI |url=https://amp.smh.com.au/politics/federal/cut-dole-to-40-a-day-except-for-long-term-jobless-employer-group-20210201-p56ye9.html |access-date=28 February 2021 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=1 February 2021}}</ref> Figures for February to March 2021, released in April, showed unemployment had reduced to 5.8%,<ref name="news-com-unemp%-apr-'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=McHugh |first1=Finn |title=Unemployment falls again |url=https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/unemployment-falls-02-per-cent-in-march/news-story/1c80fda1422cfad6513498a41ec1d881 |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=NewsComAu |agency=NCA Newswire |publisher=Nationwide News Pty Limited |date=15 April 2021}}</ref> 0.4 points higher than at the start to the pandemic.<ref name="abc-unemp%-apr-'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Janda |first1=Michael |last2=Chalmers |first2=Stephanie |title=There's nearly 75,000 more jobs than before COVID and women have captured most of them |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-15/unemployment-jobs-data-abs-march-2021/100071142 |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=15 April 2021}}</ref>


==== Agricultural worker shortage ====
From 1 July, New South Wales eased restrictions further due to the limited [[community transmission]] of COVID-19, at that time. No set upper limit on patron numbers at indoor venues, but only one person per 4 square metres. Outdoor venues, with a maximum capacity of 40,000, were allowed up to 25 percent of normal capacity. Events had to be ticketed, patrons seated and follow guidelines. Restriction on funerals eased, but the 4 square metre rule applied. Other existing restrictions, no more than 20 guests inside homes, 20 outside, remained in force.<ref name="nsw-restrict-eased-1-july">{{cite web |title=Further COVID-19 restrictions set to ease from 1 July |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/further-covid-19-restrictions-set-to-ease-from-1-july |website=www.nsw.gov.au |publisher=NSW Government |accessdate=16 July 2020 |language=en-AU |date=14 June 2020}}</ref> Restrictions were tightened again on 17 July. (''See below'')
In September 2020, a report from [[Ernst & Young]] stated that pandemic related border restrictions could result in a shortfall of 26,000 pickers over Australia's summer harvest season. Such work is typically reliant on seasonal staff from overseas.<ref name="abc-e&y-picking">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Sullivan |first1=Kath |title=Coronavirus restrictions could lead to 26,000-person shortfall for coming harvests, report says |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-30/coronavirus-farm-worker-shortage-coming-harvests/12714694 |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 September 2020}}</ref> As a trial in early September 2020, 160 workers from [[Vanuatu]] were allowed into the Northern Territory (NT) to pick mangoes. They arrived on a specially chartered aircraft, and had to undergo the usual 14-day quarantine.<ref name=abc-pickers-vanuatu/> It was estimated that the Vanuatuan workers saved A$100&nbsp;million of fruit from the NT mango harvest being left to rot.<ref name="9now-500-a-day">{{#invoke:Cite news||author1=A Current Affair staff |title=Want to earn up to $500 a day? Aussie farmers are hiring after COVID-19 leaves industry with fruit picking shortage |url=https://9now.nine.com.au/a-current-affair/coronavirus-you-could-earn-up-to-500-a-day-as-aussies-farmers-hiring-after-covid19-leaves-industry-fruit-picker-shortage/f35130d0-5424-43c6-b65a-c8c9e39d4b1b |work=A Current Affair |access-date=8 February 2021 |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=September 2020}}</ref> The mango industry in the NT was valued at more than A$128&nbsp;million in 2019, and produces more than half of Australia's mangoes.<ref name="abc-pickers-vanuatu">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Brann |first1=Matt |title=Seasonal workers from Vanuatu have landed in Darwin, ready to pick mangoes |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2020-09-03/vanuatu-workers-arrive-in-darwin-to-pick-mangoes/12621234 |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=ABC Rural |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=3 September 2020}}</ref>


On 30 September 2020, PM Scott Morrison announced that: "backpackers, Pacific Islanders and seasonal workers will be able to extend their visas to stay in Australia" and "welfare recipients will be offered incentives to pick fruit."<ref name="sky-picker-incentives">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=PM's fruit picker incentives are 'not enough' |url=https://www.skynews.com.au/details/_6195931228001 |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=Sky News Australia |publisher=Australian News Channel Pty Ltd |date=30 September 2020 |quote=Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced on Wednesday backpackers, Pacific Islanders, and seasonal workers will be able to extend their visas to stay longer in Australia, while welfare recipients will be offered incentives to pick fruit.}}</ref>
From 5 July, the Federal Government introduced restrictions on the number of passengers arriving at Sydney Airport. A maximum of 50 passengers were allowed per flight, and international arrivals were set at 450 per day. This was by request of the NSW Government to reduce pressure on hotel quarantine capacity. More than 32,000 travellers had quarantined in Sydney hotels by this date.<ref name="abc-syd-airport-restrict-5-july"/>


In late October 2020, some farmers found that they had to plough their produce back into the ground because it could not be harvested, at a loss of A$150,000.<ref name="abc-food-ploughed">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Major |first1=Tom |title=Growers plead for fresh ideas after $150,000 worth of unpicked food ploughed back into paddocks |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2020-10-28/growers-plead-for-farm-labour-as-food-ploughed-into-mulch/12814450 |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=ABC Rural |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=27 October 2020}}</ref>
On 6 July, the Victorian and NSW State Governments, jointly announced that their interstate border would be re-closed from the start of 8&nbsp;July, following a large spike in cases in certain areas of Melbourne.<ref name="abc-vic-nsw/vic-border re-close"/>


As of 12:01 am on 17 July, after an increase in cases, new rules for [[pub]]s were introduced. Measures included, group bookings and persons at a table were limited to 10 (formerly 20), and a maximum of 300 people allowed inside any venue. COVID Safe Hygiene Marshalls to oversee the venues COVID-19 infection prevention were also required, and venue COVID-Safe registration was compulsory. Paper-based sign-ins are allowed, but a digital record of patrons contact details, for [[contact tracing]], must be provided on request.<ref name="nsw-gov-pub-rules-17-july">{{cite web |title=Tough new COVID-19 compliance measures for pubs |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/media-releases/tough-new-covid-19-compliance-measures-for-pubs |website=www.nsw.gov.au |publisher=NSW Government |accessdate=16 July 2020 |language=en-AU |date=14 July 2020}}</ref> Breaching the rules can result in a {{AUD|55,000}} fine for the venue, plus another {{AUD|27,500}} for each day the breach is continued.<ref name="abc-restrict-tighten-24-july"/> As of 24&nbsp;July, the tightened venue restrictions will also be applied to bars, cafes, clubs and restaurants.<ref name="abc-restrict-tighten-24-july">{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Sarah |title=What you can and can't do from next week in NSW under new coronavirus restrictions |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-17/nsw-coronavirus-restrictions-what-you-need-to-know/12467130 |accessdate=18 July 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 July 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
The "Relocation Assistance to Take Up a Job" (RATTUAJ) program, scheduled to run from 1 November 2020 to 31 December 2021, offered A$6,000 for transport, moving expenses, accommodation and work clothing for welfare recipients willing to relocate to a regional area for a minimum of 6 weeks for short term agricultural jobs.<ref name="jobsearch-reloc-assist">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Relocation Assistance |url=https://jobsearch.gov.au/harvest/workers/relocation-assistance |website=jobsearch.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=8 February 2021 |date=November 2020}}</ref> Up to early December 2020, the relocation incentives for unemployed Australians appeared to be failing. After operating for a month, Federal Department of Employment figures showed only 148 people had taken up the offer.<ref name=abc-unem-pick-incent-fail>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=McCarthy |first1=Marty |last2=Barbour |first2=Lucy |title=Farm labour incentives failing and the result could be crops left unharvested |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2020-12-04/harvest-in-jeopardy-as-farm-labour-incentives-fail/12947974 |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=ABC Rural |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=4 December 2020}}</ref>


Shortage of workers for harvesting can not only mean unpicked produce being left to rot or be ploughed back into fields, and farmers possibly not planting the next year, it creates an economic loss to those farmers,<ref name=abc-food-ploughed/> and can also noticeably increase prices for consumers.<ref name="news.com-prices-up">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Skantzos |first1=Kathy |title=Price of fruit and veg set to skyrocket in Australia due to labour shortage |url=https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/price-of-fruit-and-veggies-set-to-skyrocket-in-australia-due-to-labour-shortage/news-story/657a7ecb087a9ce07eb9780a800c7317 |access-date=8 February 2021 |work=NewsComAu |publisher=Nationwide News Pty Ltd |date=8 December 2020}}</ref>
Until 18 July, international travellers who had to undergo compulsory quarantine on arrival did not have to pay for their accommodation, at a cost of {{AUD|65&nbsp;million}} to the NSW Government. Under new rules announced on 11&nbsp;July, as of 12.01&nbsp;am on Saturday 18&nbsp;July 2020, all new arrivals are being charged for their quarantine. The charge includes meals and room costs, for which one adult will pay A$3,000, additional adults A$1,000, children A$500, and no charge for children under 3 years. Those already quarantined will not have to pay, nor will those who purchased flights, and, had a confirmed international arrival date, before 11:59&nbsp;pm on 12 July 2020 [[AEST]].<ref name="nsw-gov-quarantine-charge-18-july">{{cite web |author1=NSW Government Digital Channels |title=Quarantine arrangements for international travellers |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/covid-19/what-you-can-and-cant-do-under-rules/quarantine |website=www.nsw.gov.au |publisher=NSW Government |accessdate=16 July 2020 |language=en-AU |date=11 July 2020}}</ref>


To encourage potential workers to return to Australia, on 19 January 2022, the Australian Government offered to repay visa fees, about A$600, to [[Backpacking (travel)|backpackers]] on [[Working holiday visa|working holiday-maker visas]], who come to Australia in the following 12 weeks, and to international students who arrive within the following 8 weeks. There are about 23,000 backpackers and 150,000 students who have a visa but are not in Australia.<ref name="abc-visa-rebate-19jan'22">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hitch |first1=Georgia |title=Visa fee refund offered to entice students, backpackers to fill COVID worker shortage |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-19/backpackers-internatonal-students-visa-fee-rebate-covid-workers/100765716 |access-date=19 January 2022 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
On 20 July, the number of daily overseas arrivals allowed at Sydney Airport was reduced to 350 from the 450 limit set on July&nbsp;5.<ref name=nsw-gov-syd-airport-restrict-20-july/>


=== Health ===
On 5 August it was announced that as from 7&nbsp;August all Victorians arriving in NSW would be required to quarantine, at their own expense, in hotels for 14 days. Air arrivals from Victoria are only to be allowed at Sydney Airport.<ref name="abc-vic-nsw-quarant-5-aug">{{cite news |title=Anyone arriving in NSW from Victoria forced into 14-day hotel quarantine |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-05/nsw-coronavirus-health-authorities-confirm-12-new-infections/12525276 |accessdate=5 August 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=5 August 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
;Influenza
In 2020, due to international travel restrictions, social distancing and lockdowns because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of [[influenza]] in Australia, and deaths from it, were at "record lows". In mid-June 2021 the flu was said to be almost non-existent. In May 2019 there were over 30,000 cases, in May 2021, only 71.<ref name="smh-flu-rates-way-down"/> Professor Ian Barr of the [[Peter Doherty (immunologist)|Peter Doherty Institute]] remarked that influenza was "either eradicated, or it's at such low levels we're having trouble detecting it."<ref name="smh-flu-rates-way-down"/> 2019 in Australia was particularly bad with 800 flu deaths, below 40 in 2020, and no reported deaths as of June 2021.<ref name="smh-flu-rates-way-down">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Dow |first1=Aisha |title=Seasonal flu 'nowhere to be seen' in Australia |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/seasonal-flu-nowhere-to-be-seen-in-australia-20210612-p580gk.html |url-access=limited |access-date=14 June 2021 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=12 June 2021}}</ref>


In a March 2022 statement, the [[Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation|ATAGI]] noted that they expect a resurgence in influenza for the 2022 flu season due to the opening of borders.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=March 2022|title=Statement on the Administration of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in 2022|url=https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2022/02/atagi-advice-on-seasonal-influenza-vaccines-in-2022.pdf|access-date=9 May 2022|series=Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation|publisher=Australian Government|department=[[Department of Health and Aged Care|Department of Health]]}}</ref>
=== Victoria ===
On 10 March, Victorian Premier [[Daniel Andrews]] warned Victorians to expect "extreme measures" in the wake of the federal government updating the travel advice for Italy.<ref name=9news_10March2020/> These could include cancelling major sporting events, requiring entire economic sectors to work from home, and calling recently retired health professionals to return to work.<ref name=ABC_14March2020/>


;Health checks
On 16 March, a [[state of emergency]] was declared to 13 April.<ref name=prem-vic-emerg-decl>{{cite web |url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/state-of-emergency-declared-in-victoria-over-covid-19/ |title=State Of Emergency Declared In Victoria Over COVID-19|date=16 March 2020 |website=Premier of Victoria|language=en-US|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316074044/https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/state-of-emergency-declared-in-victoria-over-covid-19/|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was extended on 12 April to 11 May,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-12/victoria-coronavirus-state-of-emergency-extended-to-may-11/12143168|title=Victorian state of emergency extended for another month as new coronavirus cases decline|date=12 March 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020 |website=www.abc.net.au |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> with existing directions remaining in place including staying at home, restrictions on particular activities, detention, restrictions on airports and cruise ships, aged care, hospitals and isolation for people diagnosed with COVID-19.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} It was extended further on 11 May to 31 May,{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} and again on 19 July to 16 August.<ref name="abc-vic-masks-etc-22-july"/>
On 4 February 2021, [[World Cancer Day]], the government organisation [[Cancer Australia]] said that in 2020 between January and September, there were nearly 150,000 less diagnostic tests for cancer performed, compared to the same period in 2019.<ref name="9news-cancer-tests-down-4feb'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Swain |first1=Sarah |title=Fears thousands of Aussies unaware they have cancer because of reluctance to visit GP during COVID pandemic |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/australia-cancer-charities-launch-campaign-new-normal-same-cancer-coronavirus-warning-world-cancer-day/53c5c320-f101-4bc1-a377-919a1f5acf7e |access-date=18 August 2021 |work=9news.com.au |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=4 February 2021}}</ref>


In August 2021, [[breast cancer screening]] appointments were being cancelled by [[Cancer Institute of New South Wales|BreastScreen NSW]] due to the lockdown in Sydney that began in late June.
On 22 March, the school holiday was brought forward from 27 to 24 March.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Benjamin Preiss, Rob|last1=Harris|accessdate=22 March 2020 |title=Schools closed from Tuesday in drastic bid to curb coronavirus spread |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/schools-closed-from-tuesday-in-drastic-bid-to-curb-coronavirus-spread-20200322-p54cpw.html|date=22 March 2020|website=The Age|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322105249/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/schools-closed-from-tuesday-in-drastic-bid-to-curb-coronavirus-spread-20200322-p54cpw.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Some nurses were retasked to pandemic response, leading to some screening clinics and mobile clinics being closed.<ref name="9news-boob-screen-cancel-10aug'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Noble |first1=Freya |title=If you don't get to it it's too late': Breast cancer screening appointments cancelled due to Sydney's lockdown |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-nsw-update-breast-cancer-screenings-cancelled-greater-sydney-lockdown/7a3c8e22-397c-49e4-b850-23453a3e341e |access-date=18 August 2021 |work=9news.com.au |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=10 August 2021}}</ref>


==={{anchor}}Indigenous Australians===
On 14 April 2020, Victorian Health Minister [[Jenny Mikakos]] announced that Victoria will have the widest coronavirus testing in Australia, with anyone having COVID-19 symptoms able to get tested.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-14/victoria-expands-coronavirus-testing-criteria/12146166|title=Victoria's coronavirus testing criteria expanding as virus continues to spread in community|date=14 April 2020|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> Those who present fever or chills in the absence of any other alternative diagnosis that explains the issue or acute respiratory infection that is characterised by cough, sore throat or shortness of breath should be tested for coronavirus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.health.vic.gov.au:443/about/news-and-events/healthalerts/2019-Coronavirus-disease--COVID-19|title=2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)|last=Services|first=Department of Health & Human|website=www2.health.vic.gov.au|language=en|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref>
{{see also|Indigenous health in Australia}}
[[Aboriginal Australians]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]] have poorer health outcomes and a lower [[life expectancy]] than the non-[[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous Australian]] population, particularly those living in remote areas, which, along with overcrowded housing, makes them one of the communities most vulnerable to the virus.<ref name=infonetstatus2019>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2019 – Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status – Health Facts |website=Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet |date=9 April 2020 |url=https://healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/learn/health-facts/overview-aboriginal-torres-strait-islander-health-status/39498/?title=Overview%20of%20Aboriginal%20and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20health%20status%202019&contentid=39498_1 | access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite book ||url=https://healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/healthinfonet/getContent.php?linkid=640722&title=Overview+of+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+health+status+2019&contentid=39498_1 |title=Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2019 |publisher=Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet |isbn=978-0-6487974-0-1 |date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Ward |first1=James |last2=Agostino |first2=Jason |title=Coronavirus will devastate Aboriginal communities if we don't act now |website=The Conversation |date=19 March 2020 |url=https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-will-devastate-aboriginal-communities-if-we-dont-act-now-133766 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> The remote [[Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara]] (APY lands) in [[South Australia]], whose population has many [[Comorbidity|comorbidities]], high rates of [[Tobacco smoking|tobacco use]], overcrowded housing and overall poor hygiene, introduced restricted access to the lands in early March to protect their people, especially [[Australian Aboriginal elder|elders]], from the virus.<ref name=allamrestrict>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Indigenous coronavirus taskforce meets as remote communities restrict access |first=Lorena |last=Allam |website=The Guardian |date=6 March 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/indigenous-coronavirus-taskforce-meets-as-remote-communities-restrict-access | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> The [[Minister for Indigenous Australians]], [[Ken Wyatt]], said it was a sensible move, and that the federal government would work with them.<ref name=abcapy>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Branley |first=Alison |title=Remote Indigenous communities move to block outside visitors over coronavirus outbreak fears |website=ABC News |date=6 March 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-06/apy-lands-moves-to-restrict-visitor-due-to-coronavirus-fears/12030642 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> (A later call to evacuate elders to [[Adelaide]] by the [[Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara#APY Art Centre Collective|APY Art Centre Collective]] was not put into operation.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||first=Stephanie |last=Boltje |title=SA Health rejects Indigenous elders' request to leave remote lands during coronavirus outbreak |website=ABC News (The Drum) |date=31 March 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-31/south-australian-health-coronavirus-indigenous-request-denied/12103434 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>)


The federal government set up a national Indigenous advisory group in early March 2020, to create an emergency response plan for Aboriginal communities.<ref name=allamrestrict/> The 43-page plan was published in March,<ref>{{#invoke:cite report ||url=https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2020/03/management-plan-for-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-populations.pdf |date=March 2020 |publisher=Australian Government. Department of Health |title=Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)| access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> and in late March, the Prime Minister that advised that Indigenous Australians over the age of 50 (along with everyone over 70 and those with a [[Chronic condition|chronic illness]] over 60), should stay at home as much as possible.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Bond |first1=Chelsea |last2=Whop |first2=Lisa J. |author-link1=Chelsea Watego|title=The answer to Indigenous vulnerability to coronavirus: a more equitable public health agenda |website=The Conversation |date=2 April 2020 |url=https://theconversation.com/the-answer-to-indigenous-vulnerability-to-coronavirus-a-more-equitable-public-health-agenda-135048 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Kennedy |first=Paul |title=Government restricts indoor and outdoor gatherings to two people |website=ABC News |date=29 March 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-29/public-gatherings-limited-to-two-people-coronavirus-covid-19/12101162 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> The [[Department of Health and Aged Care|Department of Health]] created a web page dedicated to advice for Indigenous people and remote communities,<ref name=dohatsihealth>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) advice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and remote communities |website=Australian Government. Department of Health |date=29 March 2020 |url=https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert/advice-for-people-at-risk-of-coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-for-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples-and-remote-communities | access-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414125301/https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert/advice-for-people-at-risk-of-coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-for-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples-and-remote-communities|archive-date=14 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[National Indigenous Australians Agency]] has one dedicated to the government's response to COVID-19.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) |publisher=[[National Indigenous Australians Agency]] |date=6 April 2020 |url=https://www.niaa.gov.au/indigenous-affairs/coronavirus-covid-19 | access-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414151345/https://www.niaa.gov.au/indigenous-affairs/coronavirus-covid-19|archive-date=14 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 April the NIAA announced a government package of {{AUD}}123&nbsp;million of "targeted measures to support Indigenous businesses and communities to increase their responses to COVID-19", for the coming two [[Fiscal year|financial years]].<ref name="Ministers Media Centre">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=$123&nbsp;million boost to Indigenous response to COVID-19 |website=Ministers Media Centre |url=https://ministers.pmc.gov.au/wyatt/2020/123-million-boost-indigenous-response-covid-19 |date=2 April 2020 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
On 20 June, the Victorian Government re-tightened restrictions on household gatherings following a spike in community transmitted cases over the previous week, reported to be mainly caused by family-to-family transmission in large household gatherings. From June 22, households can once again only have five visitors; and most easing of restrictions that were to take place were postponed.<ref name="abc-vic-june re-restrict"/>


The [[Northern Territory]] developed a remote health pandemic plan,<ref name=allamrestrict/> with NT Health setting up a number of remote clinics across the Territory.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=McLennan |first=Chris |title=Pandemic clinics to open across the Territory |website=Katherine Times |date=9 March 2020 |url=https://www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/6669836/pandemic-clinics-to-open-across-the-territory/ | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> All non-essential travel to 76 remote communities was banned, and a 14-day isolation period imposed for those residents wanting to return home from regional centres, and in May 2020, health officials suggested that these controls should stay in place for the foreseeable future.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Aboriginal Territorians are 'significantly represented' in disease outbreaks, but not coronavirus |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |first=Lauren |last=Roberts |date=3 May 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-04/coronavirus-nt-aboriginal-outcomes-show-lessons-for-future/12188762 | access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> In mid-March 2020 a group of senior NT clinicians called for 16 measures to be implemented as soon as possible to help protect vulnerable communities.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Roberts |first=Lauren |title=NT doctors recommend suspending elective surgery and dental services amid COVID-19 pandemic |website=ABC News |date=18 March 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/coronavirus-letter-sent-to-top-territory-doctor/12065858 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> Other states and territories have provided advice on their health agency websites.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus |website=Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships (Queensland Government) |date=31 March 2020 |url=https://www.datsip.qld.gov.au/coronavirus | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) information for Aboriginal communities |website=Department of Health and Human Services Victoria |url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-information-aboriginal-communities | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) for Aboriginal people |website=Healthy WA |url=https://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/A_E/Coronavirus/Coronavirus-information-for-Aboriginal-people | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
On 30 June, the Victorian Government re-enforced local lockdowns across 10 different Melbourne postcodes. Residents there will need to comply with the four acceptable reasons to leave their houses: shopping for essentials; for medical or compassionate needs; exercise in compliance with the public gathering restriction of two people; and for work or education purposes.<ref name=abc-vic-stay-home-again/>


In May 2020 a group of [[Paakantyi]] families set up a [[Tent city|tent town]] on the banks of the [[Darling River]] near [[Wilcannia]] in New South Wales, to escape the threat of the disease from overcrowded accommodation in the town.<ref name=covidtent>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Indigenous community sets up camp on Darling River to avoid coronavirus risk in overcrowded homes |first=Aimee |last=Volkofsky |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=12 May 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-13/families-set-up-tent-town-on-darling-river-to-avoid-covid-19/12237976 | access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
On 4 July, the Victorian Government announced two more postcodes affected by the lockdown until 29 July 2020.<ref name="Victoria 4 July 2020"/> Nine public housing towers housing 3,000 residents were also added, with the additional condition that residents cannot leave the tower under any circumstances for five days, with the possibility of an extension to 14&nbsp;days.<ref name=abc-vic-pub-house-lockdown/>


In late August 2021 a man in his 50s who died at [[Dubbo]] Hospital, is believed to be the first Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander COVID-19 related death. He was not vaccinated.<ref name="abc-nsw-west-outbrk-1st-indig-30aug'21"/> By 7 September 2021, there had been 2 more deaths of indigenous Australians, who were also not vaccinated.<ref name="abc-nsw-3indig-dead-8sept'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Lysaght |first1=Gary-Jon |title=Western NSW records its third Indigenous COVID death |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-08/third-indigenous-covid-death-in-western-nsw/100443170 |access-date=8 September 2021 |work=ABC Western Plains |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=8 September 2021}}</ref>
On 6 July, the Victorian and NSW state Governments announced that their interstate border would be re-closed from the start of 8 July.<ref name="abc-vic-nsw/vic-border re-close"/>


=== Medication supply ===
On 7 July, after recording 191 new cases, Premier Andrews announced that metropolitan Melbourne and the [[Shire of Mitchell]] would re-enter lockdown from 12am on 9 July, for 6 weeks.<ref name=abc-vic-reimpose/>
The pandemic created shortages of some medications since it began, initially related to panic buying. The most commonly used [[antidepressant]] in Australia, [[sertraline]], is one of many such as the brand [[Sertraline|Zoloft]], that have been affected by a global shortage. [[Olmesartan]]<ref name="tga-sssn-list"/> and [[irbesartan]], both blood pressure medications were short in Australia as were [[hormone replacement therapy]] (HRT) patches<ref name="tga-sssn-list"/> and [[carbimazole]],<ref name="ajp-stock-carbimazole">{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Brooker |first1=Chris |title=Stock issues strike again |url=https://ajp.com.au/news/stock-issues-strike-again/ |website=ajp.com.au |publisher=AJP (Australian Journal of Pharmacy) |access-date=25 February 2021 |date=4 September 2020}}</ref> a [[thyroid]] medication.<ref name="9news-meds-shortage-feb-'21"/> As of February 2021 the contraceptive pill "Norimin" ([[norethisterone]]) was hard for pharmacists to acquire, supply had been intermittent for 6–12 months.<ref name="9news-meds-shortage-feb-'21"/> Shortages of Norimin and [[Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone]], both [[Pfizer]] products, were reported in August 2020 and first predicted to last until December 2020, the shortage was then expected by the TGA "to be resolved in March or April 2021".<ref name="smh-contra-9months">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Ward |first1=Mary |title=Australians left waiting nine months for contraceptive pills |url=https://www.smh.com.au/healthcare/australians-left-waiting-nine-months-for-contraceptive-pills-20210128-p56xil.html |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Nine Entertainment Co. |date=28 January 2021}}</ref> In the case of sertraline a Serious Shortage Substitution Notice (SSSN) was issued by the [[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] (TGA).<ref name="tga-sssn-sertraline">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Serious Shortage Substitution Notice - SSSN 21-03 [Sertraline (as hydrochloride)] |url=https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/sssn-21-03-sertraline-tablets.pdf |publisher=Therapeutic Goods Administration |access-date=25 February 2021 |date=16 February 2021}}</ref> SSSNs were also issued in Australia for [[Prazosin]] (blood pressure), [[Metformin]] (diabetes), and [[Estrogen path]] (HRT),<ref name="tga-sssn-list">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Serious Shortage Medicine Substitution Notices |url=https://www.tga.gov.au/serious-shortage-medicine-substitution-notices |website=tga.gov.au |publisher=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Australian Government Department of Health |access-date=25 February 2021 |date=16 February 2021}}</ref> which in theory allows substitutions like issuing twice the number of {{convert|25|mg|adj=on}} tablets in place of the prescribed {{convert|50|mg|adj=on}} tablets, without a new prescription, but with the patients' consent. Chris Moy, Vice President of the [[Australian Medical Association]] (AMA) said medicine shortages in Australia were a "pre-existing problem" before COVID-19.<ref name="9news-meds-shortage-feb-'21"/><ref name="tga-shortages-initiative">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Medicine Shortages Information Initiative |url=https://apps.tga.gov.au/prod/MSI/search |website=apps.tga.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health–Therapeutic Goods Administration |access-date=25 February 2021 |date=26 May 2014}}</ref>
{{blockquote|I think somewhere in the order of 89 percent of all day-to-day prescription medications are supplied from overseas; they often say 'patented in Australia' but they are actually made overseas.|Chris Moy, Vice President of the AMA<ref name="9news-meds-shortage-feb-'21"/>}}
Moy also said "A lot of our medications are made in China and India. Sovereign capability and protecting supply of our medications is something that should be seriously considered."<ref name="9news-meds-shortage-feb-'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=McPherson |first1=Emily |title=The common medicines hit with shortages as COVID supply issues worsen |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-medications-supply-the-common-medicines-hit-with-shortages/409faa67-d975-4def-a829-f25605f8b649 |access-date=25 February 2021 |work=9news.com.au |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=24 February 2021}}</ref>


The TGA gave short-term approval for the import of some medicines that are "not on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) that are approved for import and supply in Australia because: there is a shortage of a medicine registered in Australia; and the medicine is needed in the interest of public health."<ref name="tga-section19Aapproval">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Database of section 19A approvals to import and supply medicines to address medicine shortages |url=https://www.tga.gov.au/ws-s19a-index |website=tga.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health - Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) |access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
On 19 July, following a "… concerning increase in coronavirus cases …", Premier Andrews announced that "face coverings" were to be made mandatory in metropolitan Melbourne, and Mitchell Shire. This was not enforced until after 11.59pm on Wednesday 22 July to allow the populace time to acquire a face covering.<ref name="abc-vic-masks-etc-22-july"/> In addition, the State of Emergency in Victoria was extended until 11.59pm on 16 August 2020, to allow for the enforcement of this, and other, public health directions.<ref name="abc-vic-masks-etc-22-july"/>
From 22 July, as the chance of coronavirus infection remains high in aged care/ health care settings, visitations are restricted to carers only, and with a limit of one hour per day.<ref name="abc-vic-masks-etc-22-july">{{cite web |title=Face Coverings Mandatory For Melbourne And Mitchell Shire |url=https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/face-coverings-mandatory-for-melbourne-and-mitchell-shire/ |website=www.premier.vic.gov.au |publisher=Victorian State Government |accessdate=20 July 2020 |language=en-AU |date=19 July 2020}}</ref>
From 23 July, the requirement for "face coverings" in metropolitan Melbourne and Mitchell Shire, whenever residents leave their homes, became effective. A fine of {{AUD|200}} will apply to those not complying, though there are medical and other exemptions, such as not being required for children under 12 years of age.<ref name="abc-vic-masks-etc-22-july" />


=== Politics ===
On 2 August a state of disaster was declared in Victoria from 6 pm that day. Restrictions were to be tightened including a curfew across Melbourne from 8:00pm to 5:00am starting immediately. Melbourne is to move to stage&nbsp;4 and regional Victoria stage&nbsp;3 restrictions.<ref name="abc-vic-curfew-2-aug">{{cite news |title=Melbourne placed under stage 4 lockdown, 8pm curfew, regional Victoria moved to stage 3 restrictions |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-02/victoria-coronavirus-restrictions-imposed-death-toll-cases-rise/12515914 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=2 August 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |date=2 August 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
In 2020, local council elections were impacted by the pandemic. In Victoria candidates could only campaign online.<ref name="theage-2020-local-election-aug'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hall |first1=Bianca |last2=Eddie |first2=Rachel |title=Council elections to go ahead despite COVID-19 campaigning curbs |url=https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/council-elections-to-go-ahead-despite-covid-19-campaigning-curbs-20200819-p55na2.html |access-date=27 July 2021 |work=The Age |date=19 August 2020}}</ref> NSW elections due in September were postponed a year.<ref name="regional-nsw-elect-postponed-mar'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Rea |first1=Alex |title=NSW council elections postponed a year due to COVID-19 |url=https://aboutregional.com.au/covid-19-postpones-nsw-council-elections-as-council-services-go-online/ |access-date=27 July 2021 |work=About Regional |publisher=Region Group Pty Ltd |date=27 March 2020}}</ref>


In 2021, NSW local council elections due on 4 September, already postponed from 2020,<ref name="regional-nsw-elect-postponed-mar'21"/> were postponed again to 4 December due to a wave of Delta variant infections that caused numerous lockdowns in the state.<ref name="abc-nsw-elects-postponed-24july'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=NSW records 163 new COVID cases, Health Minister Brad Hazzard takes aim at other states |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-24/nsw-covid-163-new-cases-recorded/100320358 |access-date=24 July 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
=== Queensland ===
[[File:Queensland Border Closure - Griffith Street Checkpoint 1.jpg|thumb|Queensland Police Checkpoint at Coolangatta on 4 April 2020]]
[[File:Qld Border Closure - Coolangatta Boundary St.jpg|thumb|Boundary Street Coolangatta. Barricades blocking access from New South Wales]]
[[File:Queensland Government COVID-19 preventative measures stickers on a pedestrian signal pole.jpg|thumb|COVID-19 preventative measures stickers on a pedestrian signal pole in Queensland]]
On 29 January, Queensland was the first to declare a public health emergency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2020/3/16/queensland-first-to-make-emergency-declarations-in-january|title=Queensland first to make emergency declarations in January – The Queensland Cabinet and Ministerial Directory |website=statements.qld.gov.au|language=en-AU|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316073621/http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2020/3/16/queensland-first-to-make-emergency-declarations-in-january|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The legislation was strengthened on 6 February by the ''Public Health (Declared Public Health Emergencies) Amendment Bill 2020''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/html/bill.first/bill-2020-004|title=View – Queensland Legislation – Queensland Government|website=www.legislation.qld.gov.au|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>


On 31 January 2021, Federal politicians flying into Canberra from Western Australia had to quarantine for five days when a sudden lockdown was declared in Perth and two adjoining regions. Federal Parliament was scheduled to resume on 2 February.<ref name=abc-wa-pollies-quarantine>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Henderson |first1=Anna |title=Federal politicians ordered into five-day coronavirus quarantine in Canberra after jetting in from Perth |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-31/wa-covid-19-case-sends-federal-politicians-into-isolation/13107534 |access-date=31 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=31 January 2021}}</ref>
Key directions made under the ''Public Health Act 2005'' include:
* 2 April – A person must not leave their principal place of residence except for essential needs including work, food, medical and exercise, outdoor gatherings only up to 2 persons or with members of household, receiving only to 2 visitors at a residence, and no gatherings in non-residences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home Confinement, Movement and Gathering Direction |url=https://www.health.qld.gov.au/system-governance/legislation/cho-public-health-directions-under-expanded-public-health-act-powers/home-confinement-movement-gathering-direction |website=Queensland Health |publisher=Queensland Government |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=2 April 2020}}</ref>
* 9 April – "Non-essential" business, activity or undertaking must not be operated. "Non-esssential" businesses include cinemas, casinos, concerts, indoor sports, gyms, playgrounds, campgrounds, libraries. Restrictions also apply to restaurants (take away or delivery only), churches, hairdressers etc. However most construction, mining, manufacturing and retail businesses continued to operate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Non-essential business, activity and undertaking Closure Direction (No.5) |url=https://www.health.qld.gov.au/system-governance/legislation/cho-public-health-directions-under-expanded-public-health-act-powers/non-essential-business-closure-direction |website=Queensland Health |publisher=Queensland Government |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=9 April 2020}}</ref>


On 26 July 2021 it was announced that, from 2 August, Parliament House in Canberra would come under COVID-19 restrictions to "minimise non-essential activity" for the next legislative sitting that day. All public galleries were closed and the general public was unable to enter the building. The number of politicians attending, and their staff, was "substantially reduced" and remote participation technology was used. Physical distancing returned. Use of the Check-in CBR app was extended to all food and beverage venues open under takeaway only restrictions. The restrictions lasted until 3 September.<ref name="9news-act-parl-house-restrict-july7'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Marsh |first1=Stuart |title=Parliament House closes doors to public under strict COVID-19 protocols |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/australia-parliament-house-to-lockdown-to-general-public-covid19-rules-restrictions/f5efb8a2-8096-46ac-b0db-22ba4d65342b |work=9news.com.au |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=26 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="aph-act-covid-restricts-july'21">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Joint statement by the Presiding Officers on building operations at the Australian Parliament House |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Department_of_Parliamentary_Services/News_and_media/Joint_statements_by_the_Presiding_Officers/Building_operations_at_the_Australian_Parliament_House_26_July_2021 |website=www.aph.gov.au |publisher=Commonwealth Parliament |access-date=27 July 2021 |date=26 July 2021}}</ref>
Restricted entry into Queensland was introduced, with only Queensland residents and those considered an ‘exempt person’ being allowed to enter Queensland by air, sea, rail or road from another state or territory.<ref>{{cite web |title=Queensland border closure |url=https://www.covid19.qld.gov.au/government-actions/border-closing |website=COVID-19 Government Actions |date=11 April 2020 |publisher=Queensland Government}}</ref> This has been introduced stages: Stage 1 started on 26 March 2020, with stages 2 and 3 involving tightening the restrictions. Stage 4, introduced on 11 April, is currently the most restrictive, every person crossing the border including Queensland residents requires a permit. In addition, a person who has been in a declared COVID-19 hotspot in the previous 14 days must self-quarantine for 14 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Border restrictions Direction (No.4) |url=https://www.health.qld.gov.au/system-governance/legislation/cho-public-health-directions-under-expanded-public-health-act-powers/border-restrictions |website=Queensland Health |publisher=Queensland Government |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=10 April 2020}}</ref>


=== Protests ===
Closures of areas within Queensland include:
{{Main|COVID-19 protests in Australia}}
* All camping areas within Queensland national parks, state forests and recreation areas were closed on 26 March.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
* Closure of high visitation National Parks including Fraser Island as well as all day use areas and visitor centres on 9 April.<ref>{{cite web |title=Important updates: coronavirus (COVID-19) |url=https://parks.des.qld.gov.au/covid-19/ |website=Parks and forests |publisher=Queensland Government |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=8 April 2020}}</ref>
* Closure of Queensland waters to cruise ships on 6 April.<ref>{{cite web |title=Restricting cruise ships from entering Queensland waters Direction |url=https://www.health.qld.gov.au/system-governance/legislation/cho-public-health-directions-under-expanded-public-health-act-powers/restricting-cruise-ships-from-entering-queensland-waters-direction |website=Queensland Health |publisher=Queensland Government |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=7 April 2020}}</ref>
* Closure of Surfers Paradise, Coolangatta and The Spit beaches on 8 April.<ref>{{cite web |title=Three beaches to be closed |url=http://news.cityofgoldcoast.com.au/media-releases/three-beaches-be-closed |website=Search form Search City of Gold Coast |publisher=Search form Search City of Gold Coast |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=6 April 2020}}</ref>


Throughout 2020 and 2021, several protests against COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were held in several state capitals including Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title='Incredibly disappointing': Ugly scenes at Melbourne coronavirus protests as violence erupts|url=https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/melbourne-protests-violent-scenes-in-melbournes-cbd-as-coronavirus-protesters-are-detained-c-1028327|date=10 May 2020|work=[[Seven News]]|access-date=10 May 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911032042/https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/melbourne-protests-violent-scenes-in-melbournes-cbd-as-coronavirus-protesters-are-detained-c-1028327|archive-date=11 September 2020}}</ref> In addition, protests were held in February 2021 against the Federal Government's national vaccine programme.<ref name="9news-anti-vacc-rallys-20-feb">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Noble |first1=Freya |title=Anti-coronavirus vaccine protests held in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-protest-melbourne-brisbane-sydney-pete-evans/a328629b-4d7f-48b1-a13f-72fe42dd8c2b |access-date=21 February 2021 |work=[[Nine News|9 News]] |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd |date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="smh-pfizer-doses-start" /> Police responded to these protests by arresting demonstrators and issuing fines.<ref name="abc-melb-lockdown-protest-nov'20">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Police arrest more than 400 demonstrators at Melbourne anti-lockdown protest |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-11-03/melbourne-anti-lockdown-protest-sees-over-400-protesters-arrest/12845120 |access-date=5 June 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=3 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia: Scores arrested at anti-coronavirus lockdown protests |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/21/australia-scores-arrested-at-anti-coronavirus-lockdown-protests |access-date=22 August 2021 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=21 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821171717/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/21/australia-scores-arrested-at-anti-coronavirus-lockdown-protests |archive-date=21 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Anti-lockdown protesters clash with police in Australia |url=https://amp.rnz.co.nz/article/869c10d3-77f3-4f63-8d04-343e7cc5d109 |access-date=22 August 2021 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=21 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821070733/https://amp.rnz.co.nz/article/869c10d3-77f3-4f63-8d04-343e7cc5d109 |archive-date=21 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Access to the [[Torres Strait Islands]] has been restricted to prevent COVID-19 from reaching the region, which has to date remained free of cases.<ref name="ABC 15 April">{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-15/covid-19-restrictions-leave-torres-strait-residents-stranded/12147942|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|title=Torres Strait residents fighting to get home given 'no warning' of COVID-19 travel restrictions|author=Marian Faa|date=15 April 2020|accessdate=19 April 2020}}</ref>


=== Western Australia ===
===Sport===
{{main|Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports}}
[[File:COVID19 isolation 170420 gnangarra-100.jpg|left|thumb|60 crew from the {{ship|MV|Artania}} (mostly musicians) were put into quarantine at the Novotel hotel.]]
The major sporting leagues ([[A-League Men]], [[Australian Football League|AFL]], [[AFL Women's]], and the [[National Rugby League]]) initially stated that their 2020 seasons would not be suspended but would continue [[Behind closed doors (sport)|behind closed doors]], with some games being played under those conditions. However, all the leagues were later suspended.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
On 15 March, Premier [[Mark McGowan]] declared a state of emergency in Western Australia, along with a formal public health emergency. Schools were prevented from organising gatherings of over 500, including "...swimming and sports carnivals, interschool carnivals, performances, concerts, exhibitions, fetes and fairs."<ref name=":28" />


;Athletics
On 24 March, the state borders were closed and all interstate arrivals were required to self-isolate for 14 days.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-22/wa-sa-set-to-close-borders-amid-coronavirus-fight/12079044|title=Western Australia, South Australia to close borders in response to coronavirus pandemic|work=ABC News|date=22 March 2020|accessdate=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322171100/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-22/wa-sa-set-to-close-borders-amid-coronavirus-fight/12079044|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Initially the 2020 [[Stawell Gift]] was postponed until later in the year;<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/businesses-could-shut-as-stawell-gift-on-hold-due-to-coronavirus/12066340 |title=Coronavirus forces Stawell Gift to be put on hold |date=18 March 2020 |website=ABC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318183132/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/businesses-could-shut-as-stawell-gift-on-hold-due-to-coronavirus/12066340|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> however, in May it was cancelled entirely for 2020.<ref name="smh-gift-cancelled">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=No Stawell Gift in 2020 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/athletics/no-stawell-gift-in-2020-20200528-p54x9z.html |url-access=limited |access-date=20 December 2020 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=28 May 2020}}</ref>


;Australian rules football
On 1 April, [[Regions of Western Australia#Inter-regional travel restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic|regional border restrictions]] were implemented across Western Australia restricting travel between regions to essential services only. People were given 48 hour warning to return to their home region. At the time the [[Perth Stadium]] became the COVID-19 incident response centre for the WA.<ref name="Waregions" /> Within the [[Kimberley (Western Australia)|Kimberley]] region, movement was further restricted to prevent travel between each of the four [[Local government in Australia|local government areas]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-02/kimberley-coronavirus-spike-sees-shire-borders-closed/12115580 |last1=Parke |first1= Erin |last2=Nadge |first2=Rebecca |last3=Carmody |first3=James |title=Kimberley coronavirus case spike sees shire borders closed to protect the vulnerable from COVID-19 |work=ABC News |date=2 April 2020 |accessdate=18 June 2020}}</ref>
The 2020 AFL season was initially curtailed to a maximum of 17 games,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/385918/season-cut-to-17-games-call-delayed-on-r1-start |title=Season cut to 17 games, call delayed on R1 start |website=Australian Football League |last1=Cleary |first1=Mitch |date=16 March 2020|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318062033/https://www.afl.com.au/news/385918/season-cut-to-17-games-call-delayed-on-r1-start|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> with clubs expected to take at least a 10% revenue hit from coronavirus related issues.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/384862/coronavirus-crisis-what-we-know-what-we-don-t |title=Coronavirus crisis: What we know, what we don't |date=13 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020 |website=Australian Football League |last1=Canil |first1=Jourdan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321121642/https://www.afl.com.au/news/384862/coronavirus-crisis-what-we-know-what-we-don-t|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> However, on 22 March, just before the end of round 1 of the [[2020 AFL season|2020 season]], AFL CEO [[Gillon McLachlan]] announced that the AFL season would be suspended until at least 31 May, citing the shutting of state borders as the primary cause for this decision.<ref name=AFL>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/22/afl-nrl-and-a-league-press-on-despite-restrictions |title=AFL suspends season and cancels AFLW amid coronavirus crisis |newspaper=The Guardian |last1=Hytner |first1=Mike |date=22 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325021213/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/22/afl-nrl-and-a-league-press-on-despite-restrictions|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The AFL season restarted on 11 June, with the [[2020 AFL Grand Final|Grand Final]] being played on 24 October at [[the Gabba]] in [[Brisbane]], Queensland, the first Grand Final to be held outside Victoria.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=AFL 2020 season will restart on June&nbsp;11 following coronavirus shutdown |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-15/coronavirus-afl-2020-season-restart-on-june-11/12243778 |publisher=ABC News (Australia) |date=15 May 2020|access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> The [[2020 AFL Women's season]] was cancelled midway through the finals series, with no premiership awarded to any team.<ref name=AFL/><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Heartbreak for Fremantle as title hopes dashed |url=https://thewest.com.au/sport/aflw/heartbreak-for-fremantle-as-aflw-title-hopes-dashed-due-to-coronavirus-crisis-ng-b881496392z |date=22 March 2020 |website=The West Australian|access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref>


;Baseball
On 5 April, all state borders were closed, a strengthening of the previous border rules, all arrivals were quarantined in city hotels for 14 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-02/coronavirus-sees-wa-close-state-borders-from-midnight-sunday/12114648|title=Coronavirus sees WA close its borders from midnight on Sunday to stop COVID-19 spread from eastern states|work=ABC News|date=2 April 2020|accessdate=2 April 2020}}</ref>


The 2020–2021 playoffs were shortened and the 2021–2022 season of the [[Australian Baseball League]] was cancelled due to travel restrictions and Victoria being in lockdown, respectively.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
The {{ship|MV|Artania}} departed Fremantle on 18 April following a stand off with State and Federal governments over responsibility for the care of passengers and crew. The vessel was sailing for Indonesia and the Philippines before heading back to Europe.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Perpitch |first1=Nicolas |title=Artania cruise ship leaves Fremantle after fatal coronavirus outbreak on board |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-18/artania-cruise-ship-leaves-fremantle-after-coronavirus-outbreak/12161296 |accessdate=18 April 2020 |work=ABC News |date=18 April 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>


;Basketball
On 7 August easing of internal WA restrictions set for 15&nbsp;August were deferred to at least 29&nbsp;August due to the Victorian outbreak.<ref name="abc-wa-easing-defer-7-aug">{{cite news |title=Easing of coronavirus restrictions delayed as WA remains on 'high alert' due to Victorian outbreak |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-07/wa-on-high-alert-due-to-victoria-outbreak-delays-phase-5/12521780 |accessdate=7 August 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |agency=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=7 August 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
The [[2020 NBL Finals]] began with game two, although it was stated that the competition would be immediately suspended if any participants were to be diagnosed.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Roy |last=Ward |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/basketball/nbl-grand-final-series-to-be-completed-behind-closed-doors-20200313-p549xx.html |url-access=limited |title=NBL grand final series to be completed behind closed doors |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 March 2020 |access-date=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314173509/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/basketball/nbl-grand-final-series-to-be-completed-behind-closed-doors-20200313-p549xx.html |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The best of five series was subsequently cancelled after the third game was played with the title awarded to [[Perth Wildcats]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Murray |last=Wenzel |url=https://www.theroar.com.au/2020/03/19/perth-wildcats-named-nbl-champions-after-finals-cancellation/ |title=Perth Wildcats named NBL champions after finals cancellation |website=The Roar |date=19 March 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321140358/https://www.theroar.com.au/2020/03/19/perth-wildcats-named-nbl-champions-after-finals-cancellation/ |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


All second-tier state basketball leagues were either postponed or cancelled.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.australiabasket.com/Australia/news/624294/Australian-State-Leagues-postponed |title=Australian State Leagues postponed |work=australiabasket.com |date=17 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922111426/https://www.australiabasket.com/Australia/news/624294/Australian-State-Leagues-postponed|archive-date=22 September 2020}}</ref>
=== South Australia ===
[[File:Pool closure, COVID-19 (March 2020).jpg|thumb|A "pool closed" sign outside the Marion Outdoor Swimming Centre in [[Park Holme, South Australia]], April 2020]]
On 15 March, a public health emergency was declared in South Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-15/coronavirus-prompts-declaration-of-public-health-emergency-in-sa/12057684 |title=Coronavirus prompts declaration of public health emergency in South Australia|first=Daniel|last=Keane|work=ABC News|date=15 March 2020|accessdate=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322070322/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-15/coronavirus-prompts-declaration-of-public-health-emergency-in-sa/12057684|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


;Cricket
On 22 March, a "major emergency" was declared, giving the police power to enforce self-isolation rules.<ref name=SA9>{{cite news |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-south-australia-to-close-borders-and-require-arrivals-to-self-isolate/bcebab5c-e63a-4587-8079-6c7553eb3d43|title=South Australia to close borders and require all arrivals to self-isolate|work=9 News|date=22 March 2020 |accessdate=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322044428/https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-south-australia-to-close-borders-and-require-arrivals-to-self-isolate/bcebab5c-e63a-4587-8079-6c7553eb3d43|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
The remaining two [[One Day International]]s between Australia and New Zealand in March 2020 were cancelled, and the first match was played without spectators.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/new-zealand-cricketers-rush-to-leave-australia-as-one-day-series-called-off-20200314-p54a17.html |url-access=limited |title=New Zealand cricketers rush to leave Australia as one-day series called off |date=14 March 2020 |first=Tom |last=Decent |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315211729/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/new-zealand-cricketers-rush-to-leave-australia-as-one-day-series-called-off-20200314-p54a17.html|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cricket Australia]] also cancelled the [[Australia women's national cricket team|Australian women's cricket team's]] tour of South Africa due to the virus.<ref name=":30">{{#invoke:Cite news||agency=Australian Associated Press |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/australia-sport-afl-nrl-coronavirus |title=AFLW, AFL, NRL go behind closed doors as Covid-19 wreaks havoc in Australian sport |date=13 March 2020 |work=The Guardian|access-date=13 March 2020 |issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313124253/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/australia-sport-afl-nrl-coronavirus|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


;Motorsports
On 24 March, state borders were closed. People arriving in the state were required to sign a declaration that they would self-isolate for 14 days and provide an address to the police, with penalties for failure to comply.<ref name=SA9/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/premier-steven-marshall-moves-to-isolate-sa-as-coronavirus-surges/news-story/7af5d4533d115f18f6e9eefe67410f50 |title=Premier Steven Marshall will isolate SA as coronavirus surges|work=The Advertiser|first1=Daniel|last1=Wills|first2=Matt|last2=Smith|first3=Andrew|last3=Hough|date=22 March 2020|accessdate=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321182248/https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/premier-steven-marshall-moves-to-isolate-sa-as-coronavirus-surges/news-story/7af5d4533d115f18f6e9eefe67410f50|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
The first major sporting event in Australia to be affected was the [[2020 Australian Grand Prix]], which was cancelled on 13 March 2020 after [[McLaren]] withdrew when a team member tested positive for COVID-19.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/formula-one-australian-grand-prix-melbourne-coronavirus |title=Formula One's Australian Grand Prix cancelled amid coronavirus fears |date=13 March 2020 |first=Giles |last=Richards |work=The Guardian|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316224645/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/formula-one-australian-grand-prix-melbourne-coronavirus|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This was also enforced on the support races which included the [[2020 Supercars Championship#Impact of 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic|2020 Melbourne 400]], which was the second round of the [[2020 Supercars Championship]] to be cancelled.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Supercars plans to reschedule new event after Australian Grand Prix cancellation |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/motorsport/supercars/supercars-2020-f1-2020-australian-f1-gp-cancelled-melbourne-f1-coronavirus/news-story/fdeab4e9036605614e47b22897303acc |work=Fox Sports |access-date=10 August 2021 |date=13 March 2020}}</ref> The [[2021 Formula One World Championship#Calendar changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic|2021 Australian Grand Prix]] was postponed from its original March date to November to allow for the easing of travel restrictions. On 6 July 2021, it was cancelled for the second consecutive year due to "restrictions and logistical challenges" related to the pandemic.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=12 January 2021 |title=Bahrain to host season opener as Australia moves later in calendar and Imola returns |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.f1-schedule-2021-bahrain-to-host-season-opener-as-australia-moves-later.4GpFlW2pc8sK9snFaVSHYg.html|access-date=1 February 2021 |publisher=Formula One }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=2021 Formula 1 Australian Grand Prix cancelled |url=https://www.grandprix.com.au/fan-zone/news/2021-formula-1-australian-grand-prix-cancelled|access-date=7 July 2021 |website=Formula 1 Australian Grand Prix}}</ref>


;Rugby league
On 27 March, a direction was made under the ''Emergency Management Act 2004''<ref>{{cite web | title=Emergency Management Act 2004|website=South Australian Legislation | publisher=Government of South Australia. Attorney-General's Dept| date=27 March 2020 | url=https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/EMERGENCY%20MANAGEMENT%20ACT%202004.aspx | access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> to prohibit gatherings of more than 10 people, and a limit of one person per 4 square metres.<ref name="South Australia Police - Keeping SA Safe 2020">{{cite web | title=Prohibited Gatherings of People in South Australia (New Declaration COVID-19) | website=South Australia Police | date=27 March 2020 | url=https://www.police.sa.gov.au/sa-police-news-assets/front-page-news/prohibited-gatherings-of-people-in-south-australia-new-declaration-covid-19 | access-date=29 March 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329003931/https://www.police.sa.gov.au/sa-police-news-assets/front-page-news/prohibited-gatherings-of-people-in-south-australia-new-declaration-covid-19 | archive-date=29 March 2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
Following the implementation of travel restrictions by New Zealand,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/120279430/coronavirus-prime-minister-updates-nz-on-covid19-outbreak |title=Coronavirus: Everyone coming to New Zealand must isolate for 14 days, Prime Minister Ardern says |website=Stuff|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314201653/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/120279430/coronavirus-prime-minister-updates-nz-on-covid19-outbreak|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Australian Rugby League Commission]] (ARLC) announced that the [[New Zealand Warriors]] would be based in Australia for the foreseeable future.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Kennedy |first1=Chris |last2=Newton |first2=Alicia |title=NRL announces competition to continue despite increased travel restrictions |url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/03/15/nrl-announces-competition-to-continue-despite-increased-travel-restrictions/ |publisher=National Rugby League |date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318004206/https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/03/15/nrl-announces-competition-to-continue-despite-increased-travel-restrictions/ |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The 2020 season was suspended indefinitely on 23 March.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Walsh |first1=Dan |last2=Newton |first2=Alicia |title=NRL suspends competition due to coronavirus pandemic |url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/03/23/nrl-suspends-competition-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic/ |publisher=National Rugby League |date=23 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324041836/https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/03/23/nrl-suspends-competition-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic/ |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Chairman of the ARLC [[Peter V'landys]] requested a government bailout for the [[National Rugby League]], a request that was struck down,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/league/news/nrl-2020-coronavirus-scott-morrison-peter-vlandys-government-bailout/18rgbz31lcve12ayvg13976ji |title=Prime Minister Scott Morrison hoses down suggestions of NRL bailout |website=Sporting News |last1=Danks |first1=Chris |date=16 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316154331/https://www.sportingnews.com/au/league/news/nrl-2020-coronavirus-scott-morrison-peter-vlandys-government-bailout/18rgbz31lcve12ayvg13976ji|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and caused a considerable negative reaction.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.theroar.com.au/2020/03/19/how-well-are-the-football-codes-placed-to-bounce-back-from-covid-19/ |title=How well are the football codes placed to bounce back from COVID-19 |website=The Roar |last1=Symonds |first1=Nick |date=19 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319150950/https://www.theroar.com.au/2020/03/19/how-well-are-the-football-codes-placed-to-bounce-back-from-covid-19/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SportAnalysis>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/coronavirus-shutdown-may-change-sport-as-we-know-it-afl-nrl/12062522 |title=An extended coronavirus shutdown may change sport as we know it in Australia |website=ABC News |last1=Atkinson |first1=Cody |last2=Lawson |first2=Sean |last3=Coventry |first3=James |date=18 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320192949/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/coronavirus-shutdown-may-change-sport-as-we-know-it-afl-nrl/12062522|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 22 April 2020, the NRL announced that they planned for the season to restart on 28 May, with training beginning on 4 May,<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/04/22/nrl-definitely-restarting-on-may-28-clubs-to-resume-training-soon-pearce/ |title=NRL 'definitely' restarting on May&nbsp;28, clubs to resume training soon: Pearce |publisher=nrl.com |date=22 April 2020 |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref> and has planned for 18 rounds (giving a 20-round season) and a [[State of Origin series]], with the Grand Final rescheduled for 25 October.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-28/coronavirus-nrl-to-conduct-20-round-season/12194624?section=sport |title=NRL announces 20-round season, grand final to be played on October&nbsp;25 |work=ABC News |date=28 April 2020 |access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref>
=== Tasmania ===
[[Scotch Oakburn College]] in Tasmania closed as a preemptive decision in fear of rising SARS-CoV-2 cases. It was to be closed from 16&nbsp;March until at least 30 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.themercury.com.au/news/coronavirus/launceston-school-to-immediately-move-to-elearning-only-for-at-least-two-weeks-due-to-coronavirus/news-story/009e7a0d9397f679841145200f7cc845|title=Tasmanian school to close due to coronavirus|date=15 March 2020|website=www.themercury.com.au|language=en|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315132944/https://www.themercury.com.au/news/coronavirus/launceston-school-to-immediately-move-to-elearning-only-for-at-least-two-weeks-due-to-coronavirus/news-story/009e7a0d9397f679841145200f7cc845|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


The NRL season recommenced on 28 May 2020 with a round 3 game played in Brisbane between the Brisbane Broncos and Parramatta Eels.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/05/29/1.3-million-reasons-to-smile-nrl-return-most-watched-since-2014/ |title=1.3&nbsp;million reasons to smile: NRL return most-watched since 2014 |first1=Dan |last1=Walsh |website=nrl.com |date=29 May 2020|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> The match was played behind closed doors without any crowd, although the broadcasters (Channel 9 and Fox Sports) used fake crowd noise during the broadcast.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/fake-yeews-the-story-behind-the-nrl-s-new-faux-crowd-noise-20200529-p54xsc.html |url-access=limited |first1=Sam |last1=Phillip |title=Fake yeews: The story behind the NRL's new faux crowd noise |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=29 May 2020|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> The return match rated highly on TV as it was the first TV match of a team sport in Australia for 8 weeks.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/broncos-eels-clash-most-watched-regular-season-nrl-game-since-2014-20200529-p54xlf.html |url-access=limited |first1=Sam |last1=Phillips |title=Broncos-Eels clash most-watched regular-season NRL game since 2014 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=29 May 2020|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> The [[2020 NRL Grand Final|Grand Final]] was played in front of a limited crowd on 25 October at [[Stadium Australia|ANZ Stadium]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
On 17 March, Tasmania declared a public health emergency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Health Emergency for Tasmania declared |url=https://dhhs.tas.gov.au/news/2020/public_health_emergency_for_tasmania_declared_-_17_march_2020 |website=Tasmanian Government Department of Health |accessdate=5 April 2020}}</ref>


The [[2020 State of Origin series]] took place after the NRL season, with Game 3 holding a capacity crowd at Brisbane's [[Lang Park|Suncorp Stadium]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
On 19 March, all "non-essential" travellers to the state, including returning residents, were subject to a mandatory 14-day quarantine.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-19/coronavirus-tasmanian-premier-announces-border-restrictions/12069764|title=Tasmania to enforce 'toughest border measures in the country' amid coronavirus pandemic|publisher=ABC News|date=19 March 2020|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319152559/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-19/coronavirus-tasmanian-premier-announces-border-restrictions/12069764|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


;Rugby union
On 12 April 2020, in response to an outbreak in [[Burnie]], business restrictions were put in place for 14 days. It included the closure of most retail businesses except for those providing essential services, or those who can provide online services and home delivery. The [[North West Regional Hospital]] (NWRH) and North West Private Hospital (NWPH) were temporarily closed from Monday 13 April 2020, and staff, patients, and visitors since 27&nbsp;March, were required to self-quarantine for 14 days.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Department of Premier and Cabinet. |title=Important information for people in north-west Tasmania |url=https://coronavirus.tas.gov.au/families-community/important-information-for-people-in-north-west-tasmania |website=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) |publisher=Tasmanian Government |accessdate=16 April 2020 |date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414135629/https://www.coronavirus.tas.gov.au/families-community/important-information-for-people-in-north-west-tasmania |archive-date=14 April 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The self-quarantine affected up to 5,000 people. Additional testing was announced, and emergency medical teams from the Australian Defence Force were sent to Burnie to cover for hospital staff.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmania calls in ADF medics as coronavirus tally hits 150 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-13/up-to-5000-tasmanians-in-isolation-over-north-west-coronavirus/12143936 |website=ABC News |publisher=ABC |accessdate=16 April 2020 |date=13 April 2020}}</ref>
The [[2020 Super Rugby season]] was suspended following the conclusion of play on 15 March 2020, due to the outbreak and the imposition of mandatory quarantine for international travellers to New Zealand.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Decent |first1=Tom |title=All Super Rugby matches to be cancelled after Sunday's fixtures |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/rugby-union/all-super-rugby-matches-to-be-cancelled-after-sunday-s-fixtures-20200314-p54a4u.html |url-access=limited |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=14 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315184711/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/rugby-union/all-super-rugby-matches-to-be-cancelled-after-sunday-s-fixtures-20200314-p54a4u.html |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


;Soccer
=== Australian Capital Territory ===
On 16 March, the ACT government declared a public health emergency.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cmtedd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/rachel-stephen-smith-mla-media-releases/2020/public-health-emergency-declared-for-act |title=Public Health Emergency declared for ACT |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=16 March 2020 |website=www.cmtedd.act.gov.au |publisher=ACT Government |access-date=22 March 2020 |quote=The ACT Minister for Health Rachel Stephen-Smith has declared a Public Health Emergency in response to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 situation across Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321231446/https://www.cmtedd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/rachel-stephen-smith-mla-media-releases/2020/public-health-emergency-declared-for-act |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> All visits to the [[Alexander Maconochie Centre|Alexander Maconochie]] prison were cancelled from 23 March, but there was "increased access to telephones" for prisoners to keep in touch with their families.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-21/canberra-records-new-cases-of-covid-19-prison-visits-stopped/12077734|title=Canberra coronavirus cases increase as Health Minister halts prison visits|publisher=ABC News|date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321164346/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-21/canberra-records-new-cases-of-covid-19-prison-visits-stopped/12077734|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2020, the A-League initially announced a continuation of the league with the [[Wellington Phoenix FC]] being based in Australia;<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/a-league-to-continue-despite-coronavirus-with-wellington-phoenix-/52z8lfezetkh19lz5ri52m6jc |title=A-League to continue despite coronavirus with Wellington Phoenix set to relocate to Australia |first=Sacha |last=Pisani |date=16 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Goal (website)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316132001/https://www.goal.com/en/news/a-league-to-continue-despite-coronavirus-with-wellington-phoenix-/52z8lfezetkh19lz5ri52m6jc|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> however, on 24 March 2020, suspended the remaining matches indefinitely.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=A-League season suspended due to coronavirus pandemic, joins AFL, NRL in closing doors |date=23 March 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-24/a-league-season-suspended-due-to-coronavirus/12084038 |work=ABC News |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324202051/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-24/a-league-season-suspended-due-to-coronavirus/12084038 |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 17 July, the season resumed in a NSW-based hub, where the season finished with the [[2020 A-League Grand Final|Grand Final]] occurring at [[Western Sydney Stadium|Bankwest Stadium]] on 30 August in front of a limited crowd.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=15 July 2020 |title=Hyundai A-League 2019/20 season updated match schedule released |url=https://www.a-league.com.au/news/hyundai-a-league-201920-season-updated-match-schedule-released|access-date=20 December 2020 |website=A-League}}</ref>


;Yacht racing
On 18 July it was announced a sitting of Federal Parliament, scheduled for the first 2 weeks of August, had been cancelled. Medical advice was that, due to increased transmission of COVID-19 in Victoria, and the upward trend in NSW as well, there was a "significant risk" if members were to return to Canberra from all over Australia. Prime Minister Morrison requested that the sitting be cancelled. Parliament is now scheduled to return on 24 August.<ref name="abc-fed-parl-cancel-aug">{{cite news |last1=Borys |first1=Stephanie |last2=Macmillan |first2=Jade |title=Coronavirus crisis forces fortnight Federal Parliament sitting to be cancelled |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-18/parliament-sitting-week-cancelled-coronavirus/12469312 |accessdate=18 July 2020 |work=www.abc.net.au |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=17 July 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
The 2020 [[Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race]] was cancelled on 19 December due to an outbreak in the Greater Sydney region.<ref name=abc-syd-hobart-cancel>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-19/sydney-to-hobart-yacht-race-cancelled-due-to-nsw-coronavirus/13001142 |title=Sydney to Hobart yacht race cancelled due to NSW coronavirus outbreak |website=ABC News |date=19 December 2020|access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref>


=== Northern Territory ===
=== Tourism ===
Economic modelling in May 2020 by Tourism Research Australia predicted that the domestic tourism industry would drop in value from A$138{{nbsp}}billion to $83{{nbsp}}billion.<ref name="abc-dom-tourism-55billion">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Macmillan |first1=Jade |title=Warning to states on coronavirus border closures as tourism industry takes $55&nbsp;billion hit By political reporter reopen, Government says |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-03/government-state-borders-coronavirus-tens-billions-tourism-loss/12622982 |access-date=21 July 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=2 September 2020}}</ref>
On 24 March, the Northern Territory (NT) government introduced strict border control, with anyone arriving from abroad or interstate being required to self-isolate for 14 days. The only exemption would be due to health and emergency services, defence and policing, flight crews and freight, and based on "compassionate grounds". NT Police Commissioner Jamie Chalker said that the local police and government are likely to impose these measures until September. Anyone now arriving in NT will have to declare that they would isolate for 14 days and let the authorities know of their location during this period at the point of entry. Failure to comply with the new regulations could result in denying entry or a fine of AU$62,800. Furthermore, all non-essential travel to the NT's 76 remote communities was banned.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-21/northern-territory-strict-new-covid-19-border-laws/12078048|title=Northern Territory introduces strict new coronavirus border controls to halt COVID-19 spread|publisher=ABC News|date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321072735/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-21/northern-territory-strict-new-covid-19-border-laws/12078048|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Travel restrictions==
From midday on 1 May, some internal restrictions in NT were eased.<ref name="abc-nt-rest-ease">{{cite news |last1=Heaney |first1=Chelsea |title=Coronavirus restrictions ease in the Northern Territory amid warnings of a second wave – ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-01/coronavirus-australia-restrictions-ease-northern-territory/12205078 |accessdate=1 May 2020 |work=ABC News (online) |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=1 May 2020 |language=en-AU |quote=... from midday today people in the NT were able to camp in some of the area's national parks and reserves, as well as visit public swimming pools, waterparks, go fishing with friends and play golf.}}</ref>
On 2 October 2020, Prime Minister Morrison announced that the Australian Government had formalised a deal allowing New Zealanders "one-way quarantine-free travel" into [[New South Wales]] and the [[Northern Territory]] from 16 October as part of initial steps to establish a "travel bubble" between the two countries. However, [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|New Zealand Prime Minister]] [[Jacinda Ardern]] has ruled out extending reciprocal "quarantine-free travel" for Australians in order to contain the spread of COVID-19 into New Zealand.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Hayne |first1=Jordan |title=Australia opens borders between New Zealand and NSW, Northern Territory as coronavirus restrictions ease |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-02/new-zealand-travel-bubble-coronavirus-restrictions-australia/12726228 |access-date=2 October 2020 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=2 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002062000/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-02/new-zealand-travel-bubble-coronavirus-restrictions-australia/12726228 |archive-date=2 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Covid-19: Australia announces trans-Tasman bubble flights |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/427459/covid-19-australia-announces-trans-tasman-bubble-flights |access-date=2 October 2020 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002074542/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/427459/covid-19-australia-announces-trans-tasman-bubble-flights|archive-date=2 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


On 17 October 2020, [[Stuff (company)|Stuff]] reported that 17 New Zealanders who had entered New South Wales traveled to Melbourne despite Victoria not being a party to the travel bubble arrangement with New Zealand. The Victorian Department of Health and Human Services confirmed the arrival of the group but stated that it did not have the authority to detain them.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Dexter |first1=Rachael |title=Seventeen New Zealanders caught entering Melbourne on day one of travel bubble |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/travel-troubles/300134980/seventeen-new-zealanders-caught-entering-melbourne-on-day-one-of-travel-bubble |access-date=18 October 2020 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018110433/https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/travel-troubles/300134980/seventeen-new-zealanders-caught-entering-melbourne-on-day-one-of-travel-bubble|archive-date=18 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, [[Premier of Victoria|Victorian Premier]] [[Daniel Andrews]] threatened to close his state's borders unless the Australian Federal Government blocked travellers using the Trans-Tasman bubble from traveling to Victoria. The Federal Government has disagreed with the Victorian Government's stance. In addition, [[Premier of New South Wales|New South Wales Premier]] [[Gladys Berejiklian]] announced that her government would not prevent New Zealand passengers from travelling to Victoria.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Towell |first1=Noel |last2=Bonyhady |first2=Nick |last3=McMillan |first3=Ashleigh |last4=Dexter |first4=Rachael |last5=Koob |first5=Simone |title=Covid-19: Premier of Victoria threatens Australian border closures over Kiwi arrivals |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/australia/300135590/covid19-premier-of-victoria-threatens-australian-border-closures-over-kiwi-arrivals?cid=app-iPad |access-date=18 October 2020 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=18 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018103404/https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/australia/300135590/covid19-premier-of-victoria-threatens-australian-border-closures-over-kiwi-arrivals?cid=app-iPad |archive-date=18 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Jervis Bay Territory===
[[Jervis Bay Territory]] has not had any confirmed cases. The territory's border with New South Wales was closed and residents were not allowed outside except for essential purposes.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lansdown|first=Sarah|date=April 3, 2020|title=Jervis Bay Territory closed to all visitors until April 23|work=The Canberra Times|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6710252/jervis-bay-territory-closed-to-all-visitors-until-april-23/|url-status=live|access-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref>


On 11 December 2020, the [[Premier of Queensland]] [[Annastacia Palaszczuk]] announced that her state would open its borders to travelers from New Zealand from 1:00&nbsp;am the following day (12 December), exempting them from quarantine restrictions.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Queensland will open its border to New Zealand tomorrow |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/queensland-open-its-border-new-zealand-tomorrow |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=[[1News]] |date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210223758/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/queensland-open-its-border-new-zealand-tomorrow |archive-date=10 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Norfolk Island ===
[[Norfolk Island]] has not had any confirmed cases. As a precautionary measure the government imposed a 32-day travel ban and declared a state of emergency.<ref name="norfolk">{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-17/norfolk-island-stops-tourists-to-stop-coronavirus-outbreak/12064666 |title=Coronavirus fears on Norfolk Island prompt travel ban as state of emergency declared|date=17 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> Administrator [[Eric Hutchinson (politician)|Eric Hutchinson]] stated that the measures were necessary due to the remote island's extremely limited health capacity.<ref name="norfolk"/>


On 14 December 2020, the New Zealand Prime Minister Ardern announced that the New Zealand Government had approved plans to establish a quarantine free travel bubble with Australia in the first quarter of 2021. [[Minister for Health and Aged Care|Australian Health Minister]] [[Greg Hunt]] welcomed the move, describing it as the "first step" in normalising international travel and reiterated the Australian Government's support for measures to establish the travel bubble.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Taylor |first1=Phil |last2=Remeikis |first2=Amy |title=Jacinda Ardern: New Zealand and Australia to launch travel bubble in early 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/14/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-and-australia-to-launch-travel-bubble-in-early-2021 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=14 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214183826/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/14/jacinda-ardern-new-zealand-and-australia-to-launch-travel-bubble-in-early-2021 |archive-date=14 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Galloway |first1=Anthony |title=New Zealand travel bubble with Australia coming in early 2021, NZ PM confirms |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/new-zealand-travel-bubble-with-australia-coming-in-early-2021-nz-pm-confirms-20201214-p56na6.html |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=14 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214014334/https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/new-zealand-travel-bubble-with-australia-coming-in-early-2021-nz-pm-confirms-20201214-p56na6.html |archive-date=14 December 2020}}</ref>
=== Indian Ocean Territories ===
On 18 March 2020, Administrator [[Natasha Griggs]] declared a state of emergency in the [[Australian Indian Ocean Territories]], comprising [[Christmas Island]] and the [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]. She limited passenger arrivals to local residents and essential staff, and imposed a self-isolation period of 14 days on any arrivals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.regional.gov.au/territories/indian_ocean/iot_bulletins/2020/A009-2020-coronavirus-response.aspx|title=Coronavirus—travel ban|publisher=Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications|date=18 March 2020|access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref>


On 25 January 2021, the Federal government immediately suspended the ability of New Zealanders to travel to Australia that they had since 16 October 2020, without quarantining, for at least 72 hours. This followed the discovery of a NZ resident with the [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant]]. The woman was not known to be infectious, having twice tested negative to COVID-19 before leaving quarantine, then visited many places in northern NZ, but she was then found to have the new strain.<ref name="abc-nz--south-afr-covid">{{#invoke:Cite news||title=Australia halts New Zealand travel bubble amid fears of South African coronavirus strain |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-25/greg-hunt-australia-new-zealand-travel-bubble-coronavirus/13089832 |access-date=25 January 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=25 January 2021}}</ref>
== Impacts ==
=== Economic ===
{{See|Economy of Australia}}


On 19 April 2021, Australians were allowed quarantine-free travel to New Zealand for the first time in more than a year. To fly under the bubble's rules, passengers must have spent 14 days before departure in either Australia or New Zealand; however, they are not required to spend the full 14-day period or more in the other country, i.e. a person has spent at least 14 days in Australia, flies to New Zealand and returns to Australia after 7 days.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=20 April 2021 |title=What to do before you travel – Australia to NZ |url=https://covid19.govt.nz/travel-and-the-border/quarantine-free-travel/quarantine-free-travel-with-australia/travel-from-australia-to-new-zealand-quarantine-free-travel/what-to-do-before-you-travel-australia-to-nz/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421123024/https://covid19.govt.nz/travel-and-the-border/quarantine-free-travel/quarantine-free-travel-with-australia/travel-from-australia-to-new-zealand-quarantine-free-travel/what-to-do-before-you-travel-australia-to-nz/|archive-date=21 April 2021|access-date=21 April 2021 |website=New Zealand Government}}</ref> They must not be awaiting the results of a COVID-19 test, nor have any COVID-19 symptoms, amongst other criteria.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-56796679 |title=Australia opens travel bubble with New Zealand |date=19 April 2021 |work=The BBC |access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Trading Status of Australian Businesses during COVID-19.gif|thumb|300px|The area of each segment represents the number of businesses per sector of the Australian economy; the figure represents the percentage still operating. By 7 April, the Arts and Recreation sector (shown in red) was the worst hit.<ref name="ABS">{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5676.0.55.003Main%20Features2Week%20Commencing%2030%20March%202020|title=5676.0.55.003 – Business Indicators, Business Impacts of COVID-19, Week Commencing 30 March 2020|date=7 April 2020|website=www.abs.gov.au|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|language=en|access-date=7 April 2020}}</ref>|alt=]]
[[File:Mary Street during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brisbane, Australia.jpg|thumb|right|An empty street in the [[Brisbane city centre]], 29 March 2020.]]
On 3 March, the [[Reserve Bank of Australia]] became the first central bank to cut interest rates in response to the outbreak. Official interest rates were cut by 0.25% to a record low of 0.5%.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Janda|first1=Michael|title=Coronavirus crisis sees RBA slash interest rates to new low of 0.5pc|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-03/reserve-bank-slashes-interest-rates-over-coronavirus/12020950|accessdate=3 March 2020|work=ABC News|date=3 March 2020|language=en-AU}}</ref>


== Geo-tracking app ==
On 12 March, the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] announced a planned {{AUD}}17.6 billion stimulus package.<ref name="Stim Package Gov.">{{cite news |url=https://www.liberal.org.au/latest-news/2020/03/12/economic-stimulus-package|title=Economic Stimulus Package|date=12 March 2020|accessdate=20 March 2020|website=www.liberal.org.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320145833/https://www.liberal.org.au/latest-news/2020/03/12/economic-stimulus-package|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite newspaper |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/12/what-australian-governments-coronavirus-stimulus-package-means-for-you-explainer|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 March 2020|accessdate=20 March 2020 |first=Sarah|last=Martin|title=What the Australian government's $17bn coronavirus stimulus package means for you|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320041121/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/12/what-australian-governments-coronavirus-stimulus-package-means-for-you-explainer|archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The package consists of multiple parts: a one-off payment to pensioners, social security recipients, veteran and other income support recipients and eligible concession card holders, payments of {{AUD}}2,000{{ndash}}{{AUD}}25,000 to affected small businesses, an increase to the threshold for the Instant Asset Write-off Program, tax concessions for investments, a small business 50% wage subsidy for 120,000 trainees and apprentices, and {{AUD}}1 billion in subsidies for heavily affected industries.<ref name="Stim Package Gov."/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-11/australia-unveils-stimulus-plan-to-buttress-economy-from-virus|title=Australia Unveils A$17.6 Billion in Stimulus to Combat Virus|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=11 March 2020|accessdate=20 March 2020|first1=Jason|last1=Scott |first2=Alexandra|last2=Alexandra Veroude|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320145822/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-11/australia-unveils-stimulus-plan-to-buttress-economy-from-virus|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
In late August 2021, the state of South Australia launched an app with facial recognition software that Australians subject to mandatory 14-day quarantines could opt to use in lieu of being quarantined at a hotel under police guard.<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:Cite web||last=O'Neil|first=Tyler|date=2 September 2021|title=Australia debuts 'Orwellian' new app using facial recognition, geolocation to enforce quarantine|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/australia-debuts-new-orwellian-app-using-facial-recognition-geolocation-to-enforce-quarantine|access-date=10 September 2021|publisher=Fox News}}</ref> The app randomly prompted users to take a picture of their face and submit geo-location data within 15 minutes of the prompt to prove to the South Australian government that the user was in an approved location.<ref name=":4">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=23 August 2021|title=How will South Australia's home quarantine trial work?|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-23/how-will-south-australias-home-quarantine-trial-work/100398878|access-date=10 September 2021|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Users who refuse to comply or who fail to respond to a prompt within 15 minutes are checked on by local police and may be subject to fines.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Friedersdorf |first=Conor |date=2 September 2021 |title=Australia Traded Away Too Much Liberty |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/pandemic-australia-still-liberal-democracy/619940/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=10 September 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref>

On 19 March, the Reserve Bank again cut interest rates by a further 0.25%, from 0.5% to 0.25%, the lowest in Australian history.<ref name=rba-int-cut-19-march>{{cite web|url=https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2020/mr-20-08.html |title=Statement by Philip Lowe, Governor: Monetary Policy Decision|last=Lowe|first=Philip|date=19 March 2020|website=Reserve Bank of Australia|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319064139/https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2020/mr-20-08.html|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2020, the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] began releasing a number of additional statistical products to assess the economic impacts on the outbreak on the Australian economy. Data on retail trade turnover indicated a 0.4% rise in turnover in February 2020. Negative effects on some areas of the retail sector (particularly tourism-dependent businesses) were offset by a rise in food retail turnover, with supermarkets showing a large rise in sales,<ref name="abs-retailto">{{cite web|title=8501.0.55.008 – Retail Trade, Australia, Preliminary, February 2020|date=18 March 2020 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/8501.0.55.008Main%20Features1February%202020?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=8501.0.55.008&issue=February%202020&num=&view= |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=19 March 2020}}</ref> mainly arising from [[panic buying]].

On 22 March, the government announced a second stimulus package of A$66bn, increasing the amount of total financial package offered to A$89bn. This included several new measures like an extra {{AUD|550}} 'Coronavirus Supplement' payment to those on income support, paid from 27 April to 24 September 2020,<ref name="serv-aust-virus-supplement">{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Supplement - How much you can get |url=https://www.servicesaustralia.gov.au/individuals/services/centrelink/coronavirus-supplement/how-much-you-can-get |website=www.servicesaustralia.gov.au |publisher=Services Australia |accessdate=20 July 2020 |date=1 June 2020 |quote=''The Coronavirus Supplement is a fortnightly $550 payment on top of your eligible income support payment. We'll pay it from 27 April 2020 until 24 September 2020''}}</ref> and relaxed eligibility criteria for individuals on JobSeeker's allowance, granting A$100,000 to small and medium-sized businesses and A$715 million to Australian airports and airlines. It also allowed individuals affected by the outbreak to access up to A$10,000 of their superannuation during 2019–2020 and also being able to take an additional same amount for the next year.<ref name="second package">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51992357|title=Coronavirus: Australia to close pubs, cafes and places of worship|website=bbc.com|date=22 March 2020|accessdate=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032845/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51992357|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 30 March, the Australian Government announced a six-month, $130 billion JobKeeper payment.<ref name="Job-Keeper" /> The JobKeeper payment provides businesses with up to $1500 a fortnight per full-time or part-time employee, or casual employee that has worked for that business for over a year. To be eligible, a business with an annual revenue of under {{AUD}}1 billion must have lost 30% turnover since 1 March, or 50% for businesses over {{AUD}}1 billion. The entire payment made to businesses for an employee must then, by law, be paid to that employee in lieu of normal pay.<ref name="Job-Keeper">{{cite news |title=Federal Government offers $130b in coronavirus wage subsidies for businesses to pay workers |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-30/coronavirus-wage-subsidies-government-businesses-workers/12103108 |accessdate=30 March 2020 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=30 March 2020 |ref=JobKeeper}}</ref> This response came after the enormous job losses seen just a week prior when an estimated 1 million Australians lost their jobs. The program was backdated to 1 March with the aim of re-employing many people who had lost their jobs in the weeks before. In the first hour of the scheme, over 8,000 businesses registered to receive the payments. The program is one of the largest economic packages ever implemented in modern Australian history.<ref name="Job-Keeper" />

On 22 May 2020, the [[Treasury (Australia)|Treasury]] and [[Australian Taxation Office]] announced there had been a miscalculation of {{AUD}}60 billion in the planned cost of the JobKeeper program. Blaming 1,000 businesses for making "significant errors" on the application form, the [[Australian Government]] revealed it had overbudgeted the program, and that it was forecast to cost {{AUD}}70 billion, not {{AUD}}130 billion. The Treasury also announced that its original forecast of 6.5 million recipients was inaccurate, and closer to 3.5 million.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hitch|first=Georgia|date=22 May 2020|title=JobKeeper numbers cut by 3 million after Federal Government reveals accounting bungle in coronavirus stimulus program|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-22/jobkeeper-numbers-cut-by-3-million-businesses-accounting-bungle/12277488|url-status=live|access-date=7 July 2020|website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Scott Morrison]] celebrated the saving, while the [[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] announced a parliamentary inquiry in an attempt to compel Treasurer [[Josh Frydenberg]] to explain the overestimation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Worthington|first=Brett|date=24 May 2020|title=Scott Morrison takes responsibility for Federal Government's $60 billion JobKeeper mistake|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-24/coronavirus-jobkeeper-wage-subsidy-josh-frydenberg-60-billion/12280716|url-status=live|access-date=7 July 2020|website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref>

In July 2020, Australian Finance Minister [[Mathias Cormann]] in his interview with the CNBC vowed that government's budget deficit is expected to increase to 85.8 billion Australian dollars in the Financial year that ended on June 30 and further widen to $184.5 billion in the new fiscal year.<ref>{{cite_web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/23/coronavirus-sends-australia-into-its-largest-budget-deficit-in-decades.html| title=Coronavirus pandemic sends Australia into its largest budget deficit in decades| accessdate=23 July 2020|website=CNBC}}</ref>

===Arts===
Before the crisis, 600,000 Australians were employed in the arts, an industry which added around {{AUD|3.2}} billion to export revenues. The rate of employment in the sector grew at a faster rate than the rest of the economy.<ref name=bailey>{{cite web | last=Bailey | first=Jackie | title=Governments around the world respond to COVID-19 impact on the arts | website=ArtsHub Australia | date=26 March 2020 | url=https://www.artshub.com.au/news-article/features/covid-19/dr-jackie-bailey/governments-around-the-world-respond-to-covid-19-impact-on-the-arts-260092 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> According to government figures, "cultural and creative activity contributed to {{AUD|112}} billion (6.4% of [[GDP]]) to Australia's economy in 2016–17".<ref name=docaapr9>{{cite web | title=COVID-19 update | website=Australian Government. [[Department of Communications and the Arts]] | date=9 April 2020 | url=https://www.arts.gov.au/covid-19-update | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>

Beginning in the second week of March 2020, Australian institutions began announcing reduced services, and then complete closures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wragge.github.io/closed-glams-covid19/|title=Australian GLAMs and COVID-19|website=closed-glams-covid19|language=en-US|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> One of the first casualties was the [[Melbourne International Comedy Festival]], with organisers announcing on 13 March 2020 that the 2020 festival had been cancelled entirely.<ref>{{cite web |title=Media Release: Melbourne International Comedy Festival 2020 Has Been Cancelled |url=https://www.comedyfestival.com.au/2020/2020-statement |website=Melbourne International Comedy Festival |accessdate=18 April 2020}}</ref> [[Opera Australia]] announced it would close on 15 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://operawire.com/opera-australia-cancels-performances-due-to-coronavirus/|title=Opera Australia Cancels Performances Due to Coronavirus|date=15 March 2020|website=Opera Wire|language=en-US|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> The national closure of all cultural institutions was mandated on 24 March, with subsequent restrictions on public gatherings. Consequently, many cultural events were also cancelled, including the [[Sydney Writers' Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swf.org.au/|title=We have cancelled the 2020 Festival|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref> According to the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]], by the beginning of April, "Arts and Recreation services" was the sector of the national economy with the smallest proportion of its business still in operation – at 47%.<ref name=":20">{{Cite news|last=Anatolitis|first=Esther|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/08/as-we-crave-the-return-of-our-cultural-life-arts-workers-and-organisations-are-being-left-behind|title=Australia's arts have been hardest hit by coronavirus. So why aren't they getting support? {{!}} Esther Anatolitis|date=8 April 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=11 April 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A graph in ''[[Guardian Australia]]'' showing businesses by sector that had ceased trading between June 2019 and 30 March 2020 shows over 50% of arts and recreation services, the hardest hit of any sector (information media and telecommunications is next, at about 34%).<ref name="Knaus 2020">{{cite web | last=Knaus | first=Christopher | title=Coronavirus crisis has had staggering impact on Australian businesses, data reveals | website=The Guardian | date=7 April 2020 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/apr/07/coronavirus-crisis-has-had-staggering-impact-on-australian-businesses-data-reveals | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> Adrian Collette, [[CEO]] of the [[Australia Council for the Arts]], the government's arts funding and advisory body, described the impact on the cultural and creative sectors as “catastrophic”.<ref name=accovid>{{cite web | title=COVID-19 | website=Australia Council | date=5 March 2020 | url=https://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/about/covid-19/ | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>

The [[Australian film industry]] has been severely impacted, with at least 60 [[film shoot|shoots]] being halted and about 20,000 people out of work.<ref>{{cite web | last=Eltham | first=Ben | title='We'll see bankruptcies': how coronavirus has shut down Australian film and TV | website=The Guardian | date=27 March 2020 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/mar/28/well-see-bankruptcies-how-coronavirus-has-shut-down-australian-film-and-tv | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> On Monday 23 March, all productions funded by [[Screen Australia]] were postponed.<ref>{{cite web | title=Coronavirus response update|first=Graeme|last= Mason | website=Screen Australia | date=27 March 2020 | url=https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/covid19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406162659/https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/covid19/|archive-date=6 April 2020 }}</ref> {{as of |2020|4|15}}, after some improvement in COVID-19 statistics in Australia, Screen Australia continues to fund work and process applications, intending to use all of its 2019/20 budget.<ref>{{cite web | title=Coronavirus response update|first=Graeme|last =Mason | website=Screen Australia | date=15 April 2020 | url=https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/covid19 | access-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418032100/https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/covid19/|archive-date=18 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Film industry organisations such as [[Screen Producers Australia]] (SPA) and the [[Media, Entertainment & Arts Alliance]] (MEAA) have been lobbying the government for a support package specific to the screen industry, and to expand the JobKeeper requirements so that those in the screen industry are better covered. Many in the film industry are employed by [[Special Purpose Vehicle]]s — temporary companies that cease trading once production has finished – which cannot easily prove that their turnover has fallen by 30% or more.<ref name=freaking>{{cite web | first= Hannah|last= Reich | title='Freaking out' and 'falling through the cracks': Screen industry workers explain the shutdown crisis | website=ABC News (ABC Arts: The Screen Show)| date=18 April 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-18/coronavirus-australian-screen-industry-film-tv-jobkeeper/12146608 | access-date=19 April 2020}}</ref> SPA said that the industry shutdown had cost more than {{AUD|500}} million, with about {{AUD|20}} million of lost export revenue.<ref name=neighbours>{{cite web | first1=Michaela|last1= Boland|first2=Penny|last2= Timms | title=Making TV in the coronavirus pandemic: Why the television industry is watching what Neighbours does next| website=ABC News | date=20 April 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-20/neighbours-resumes-as-aussie-tv-adapts-to-coronavirus-rules/12161150 | access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>

One hundred and nineteen films and TV shows have been halted, with only a few shows (such as ''[[MasterChef Australia]]'' and ''[[Shaun Micallef's Mad as Hell]]'') continuing production through the pandemic. The TV [[soap opera|soap]] ''[[Neighbours]]'' was the first English-language TV drama series in the world to announce that resumption of production would begin soon after 20 April 2020.<ref name=neighbours/>

Like other governments around the world, the Australian government has acknowledged the economic, cultural and social value of the arts industry.<ref name=bailey/><ref name=docaapr9/> The Australia Council has redirected about {{AUD|5}} million to "new programs designed to provide immediate relief to Australian artists, arts workers and arts organisations to support their livelihoods, practice and operations during the COVID-19 pandemic" (the "Resilience Fund"<ref>{{cite web | title=Australia Council offers $5m in arts grants during COVID-19 | website=QNews | date=31 March 2020 | url=https://qnews.com.au/australia-council-millions-creative-arts-grants-offer-covid19-pandemic/ | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>), and is also hosting weekly meetings to address the concerns of specific sections of the industry, such as [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous]] creatives and organisations, live performance and public gatherings, and various peak bodies.<ref name=accovid/> Several state governments have also provided relief packages.<ref name=bailey/>

In early April, the federal government announced a package of {{AUD|27}} million in specific arts funding: {{AUD|7}} million for the Indigenous Visual Arts Industry Support program, {{AUD|10}} million for [[Regional Arts Australia]]'s regional arts fund, and {{AUD|10}} million for Support Act, a charity providing financial support and counselling to people in the music industry in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/music/27-million-for-arts-organisations-in-new-targeted-support-package-20200408-p54ic8.html|title=$27 million for arts organisations in new targeted support package|last=Cooper|first=Nathanael|date=2020-04-08|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> However, the "JobKeeper" scheme specifically excluded "freelancers and casuals on short-term contracts, or who have worked for a series of employers in the last year", thus excluding a large proportion of arts and cultural sector professionals, who rely on short-term contracts.<ref name=":20" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/theatre/wrack-and-ruin-leading-actors-warn-industry-is-on-brink-of-collapse-20200407-p54hvl.html|title='Wrack and ruin': Leading actors warn industry is on brink of collapse|last=Miller|first=Nick|date=2020-04-07|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/apr/09/the-workers-shut-out-of-jobkeeper-ive-lost-100-of-my-business|title=The workers shut out of jobkeeper: 'I've lost 100% of my business'|date=2020-04-09|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref>

However, most of the arts sector's more than 193,000 workers were still unable to access the JobKeeper payments, despite being defined as [[sole trader]]s, and an estimated {{AUD|330}} million worth of paid performances cancelled. [[The Australia Institute]] recommended a {{AUD|750}}-million rescue package for the industry, while Arts Minister [[Paul Fletcher (politician)|Paul Fletcher]] said that arts workers should utilise existing support measures.<ref>{{cite web | last=Smith | first=Matthew | title=Nearly 200,000 arts workers ineligible for JobKeeper as COVID-19 hits $15b industry | website=ABC News | date=25 April 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-25/thousands-in-arts-sector-jobless-amid-coronavirus/12177250 | access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref>

On 4 May 2020, the company operating the [[Carriageworks]] multi-arts venue in Sydney declared it would be entering [[voluntary administration]] and closing, citing an “irreparable loss of income” due to government bans on events during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent negative impact on the arts sector.<ref name=guardadmin>{{Cite news|last1= Boseley|first1=Matilda|last2=Convery|first2=Stephanie|date=2020-05-05|title=Carriageworks goes into voluntary administration citing 'irreparable loss of income' due to coronavirus|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/may/05/carriageworks-goes-into-voluntary-administration-citing-irreparable-loss-of-income-due-to-coronavirus|access-date=2020-05-10|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=abcadmin>{{cite web | title=Carriageworks calls in administrators amid coronavirus pandemic |first=Victoria|last=Pengilley | website=ABC News|publisher= Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=4 May 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-04/carriageworks-calls-in-administrators-due-to-coronavirus/12213832 | access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> Carriageworks was the first major arts venue in the country to collapse suddenly after the hit to income caused by the strict [[social distancing]] rules enforced by state and federal governments, but others feared the same fate, after being forced to shut their doors in late March.<ref name=abcmore>{{cite web | title=Coronavirus impact sees Sydney's Carriageworks close as insiders tip COVID-19 to hit more venues|first= Michaela |last= Boland | website=ABC News|publisher= Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=9 May 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-09/coronavirus-covid19-hits-arts-funding-carriageworks-sydney/12229208| access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>

On 13 May 2020, the [[Art Gallery of South Australia]] announced that it would reopen on 8 June.<ref>{{cite web | title=AGSA to Reopen | website=AGSA - The Art Gallery of South Australia | date=13 May 2020 | url=https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/visit/agsas-response-covid-19/ | access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>

On 24 June 2020, the federal government announced a $250 million rescue package for the arts, comprising grants and loans. The package includes $75m for a grants program for new festivals, concerts, tours and events; $90m in loans to help fund new productions; $50m to help film and television producers unable to access insurance due to the pandemic, to enable them to restart production; and $35 million in direct financial assistance for struggling Commonwealth-funded organisations, including theatre, dance, music and circus. The [[Australian Recording Industry Association]] (ARIA) welcomed the boost, but critics said that it was not nearly enough, especially with so many workers in the industry still ineligible for JobKeeper payments.<ref>{{cite web | title=Arts industry to receive $250 million coronavirus rescue package from Federal Government|first=Jade|last= Macmillan | website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=24 June 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-25/arts-industry-to-receive-250-million-coronavirus-rescue-package/12390282 | access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The arts receives $250 million federal stimulus, but is it months too late, and hundreds of millions short?|first=Alexis |last=Buxton-Collins | website=The Adelaide Review | date=25 June 2020 | url=https://www.adelaidereview.com.au/arts/2020/06/25/arts-covid-federal-250-million/ | access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>

==={{anchor}}Indigenous Australians===
{{see also|Indigenous health in Australia}}
[[Aboriginal Australians]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]] have poorer health outcomes and a lower [[life expectancy]] than the non-[[Indigenous Australian]] population, particularly those living in remote areas,<ref name=infonetstatus2019>{{cite web | title=Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2019 – Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status – Health Facts | website=Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet | date=9 April 2020 | url=https://healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/learn/health-facts/overview-aboriginal-torres-strait-islander-health-status/39498/?title=Overview%20of%20Aboriginal%20and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20health%20status%202019&contentid=39498_1 | access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/healthinfonet/getContent.php?linkid=640722&title=Overview+of+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+health+status+2019&contentid=39498_1|title=Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2019|publisher=Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet|isbn=978-0-6487974-0-1|date=2020}}</ref> and along with overcrowded housing and many living in very remote communities, makes them one of the communities most vulnerable to the virus.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Ward | first1=James | last2=Agostino | first2=Jason | title=Coronavirus will devastate Aboriginal communities if we don't act now | website=The Conversation | date=19 March 2020 | url=http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-will-devastate-aboriginal-communities-if-we-dont-act-now-133766 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> The remote [[Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara]] (APY lands) in [[South Australia]], whose population has many [[comorbidities]], high rates of [[tobacco use]], overcrowded housing and overall poor hygiene, introduced restricted access to the lands in early March to protect their people, especially [[Aboriginal elder|elders]], from the virus.<ref name=allamrestrict>{{cite web | title=Indigenous coronavirus taskforce meets as remote communities restrict access|first=Lorena|last=Allam | website=The Guardian | date=6 March 2020 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/indigenous-coronavirus-taskforce-meets-as-remote-communities-restrict-access | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> The [[Minister for Indigenous Australians]], [[Ken Wyatt]], said it was a sensible move, and that the federal government would work with them.<ref name=abcapy>{{cite web | last=Branley | first=Alison | title=Remote Indigenous communities move to block outside visitors over coronavirus outbreak fears | website=ABC News | date=6 March 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-06/apy-lands-moves-to-restrict-visitor-due-to-coronavirus-fears/12030642 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> (A later call to evacuate elders to [[Adelaide]] by the [[APY Art Centre Collective]] was not put into operation.<ref>{{cite web | first=Stephanie|last= Boltje | title=SA Health rejects Indigenous elders' request to leave remote lands during coronavirus outbreak | website=ABC News (The Drum) | date=31 March 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-31/south-australian-health-coronavirus-indigenous-request-denied/12103434 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>)

The federal government set up a national [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous]] advisory group in early March, to create an emergency response plan for Aboriginal communities.<ref name=allamrestrict/> The 43-page plan was published in March,<ref>{{cite document|url=https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2020/03/management-plan-for-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-populations.pdf|date=March 2020|publisher=Australian Government. Department of Health|title=Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)| access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> and in late March, the Prime Minister that advised that Indigenous Australians over the age of 50 (along with everyone over 70 and those with a [[chronic illness]] over 60), should stay at home as much as possible.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Bond | first1=Chelsea | last2=Whop | first2=Lisa J. | title=The answer to Indigenous vulnerability to coronavirus: a more equitable public health agenda | website=The Conversation | date=2 April 2020 | url=http://theconversation.com/the-answer-to-indigenous-vulnerability-to-coronavirus-a-more-equitable-public-health-agenda-135048 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Kennedy | first=Paul | title=Government restricts indoor and outdoor gatherings to two people | website=ABC News | date=29 March 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-29/public-gatherings-limited-to-two-people-coronavirus-covid-19/12101162 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> The [[Department of Health (Australia)|Department of Health]] created a web page dedicated to advice for Indigenous people and remote communities,<ref name=dohatsihealth>{{cite web | title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) advice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and remote communities | website=Australian Government. Department of Health | date=29 March 2020 | url=https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert/advice-for-people-at-risk-of-coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-for-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples-and-remote-communities | access-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414125301/https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert/advice-for-people-at-risk-of-coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-for-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples-and-remote-communities|archive-date=14 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[National Indigenous Australians Agency]] has one dedicated to the government's response to COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web | title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) | website=National Indigenous Australians Agency | date=6 April 2020 | url=https://www.niaa.gov.au/indigenous-affairs/coronavirus-covid-19 | access-date=18 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414151345/https://www.niaa.gov.au/indigenous-affairs/coronavirus-covid-19|archive-date=14 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 April the NIAA announced a government package of {{AUD|123}} million of "targeted measures to support Indigenous businesses and communities to increase their responses to COVID-19", for the coming two [[financial year]]s.<ref name="Ministers Media Centre">{{cite web | title=$123 million boost to Indigenous response to COVID-19 | website=Ministers Media Centre | url=https://ministers.pmc.gov.au/wyatt/2020/123-million-boost-indigenous-response-covid-19|date=2 April 2020 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>

The [[Northern Territory]] developed a remote health pandemic plan,<ref name=allamrestrict/> with NT Health setting up a number of remote clinics across the Territory.<ref>{{cite web | last=McLennan | first=Chris | title=Pandemic clinics to open across the Territory | website=Katherine Times | date=9 March 2020 | url=https://www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/6669836/pandemic-clinics-to-open-across-the-territory/ | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> All non-essential travel to the 76 remote communities was banned, and a 14-day isolation period imposed for those residents wanting to return home from regional centres, and in May, health officials suggested that these controls should stay in place for the foreseeable future.<ref>{{cite web | title=Aboriginal Territorians are 'significantly represented' in disease outbreaks, but not coronavirus | website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|first=Lauren|last=Roberts | date=3 May 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-04/coronavirus-nt-aboriginal-outcomes-show-lessons-for-future/12188762 | access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> In mid-March, a group of senior NT clinicians called for 16 measures to be implemented as soon as possible to help protect vulnerable communities.<ref>{{cite web | last=Roberts | first=Lauren | title=NT doctors recommend suspending elective surgery and dental services amid COVID-19 pandemic | website=ABC News | date=18 March 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/coronavirus-letter-sent-to-top-territory-doctor/12065858 | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref> Other states and territories have provided advice on their health agency websites.<ref>{{cite web | title=Coronavirus | website=Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships (Queensland Government) | date=31 March 2020 | url=https://www.datsip.qld.gov.au/coronavirus | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) information for Aboriginal communities | website=Department of Health and Human Services Victoria | url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-information-aboriginal-communities | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) for Aboriginal people | website=Healthy WA | url=https://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/A_E/Coronavirus/Coronavirus-information-for-Aboriginal-people | access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>

A group of [[Barkindji]] families set up a [[tent town]] on the banks of the [[Darling River]] near [[Wilcannia]] in New South Wales, to escape the threat of the disease from overcrowded accommodation in the town.<ref name=covidtent>{{cite web | title=Indigenous community sets up camp on Darling River to avoid coronavirus risk in overcrowded homes|first=Aimee |last= Volkofsky|website= ABC News | publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=12 May 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-13/families-set-up-tent-town-on-darling-river-to-avoid-covid-19/12237976 | access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>

===Sport ===
{{main|Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on sports}}
The major sporting leagues ([[A-League]], [[Australian Football League|AFL]], [[AFL Women's]], and the [[National Rugby League]]) initially stated that their seasons would not be suspended but would continue [[Behind closed doors (sport)|behind closed doors]]. The leagues would all later be suspended.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

;Athletics
The 2020 [[Stawell Gift]] has been postponed until later in the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/businesses-could-shut-as-stawell-gift-on-hold-due-to-coronavirus/12066340|title=Coronavirus forces Stawell Gift to be put on hold|date=18 March 2020|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318183132/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/businesses-could-shut-as-stawell-gift-on-hold-due-to-coronavirus/12066340|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>

;Australian rules football
The AFL season was initially curtailed to a maximum of 17 games,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/385918/season-cut-to-17-games-call-delayed-on-r1-start|title=Season cut to 17 games, call delayed on R1 start|website=Australian Football League|last1=Cleary|first1=Mitch|date=16 March 2020|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318062033/https://www.afl.com.au/news/385918/season-cut-to-17-games-call-delayed-on-r1-start|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> with clubs expected to take at least a 10% revenue hit from coronavirus related issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/384862/coronavirus-crisis-what-we-know-what-we-don-t|title=Coronavirus crisis: What we know, what we don't|date=13 March 2020|accessdate=13 March 2020|website=Australian Football League|last1=Canil|first1=Jourdan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321121642/https://www.afl.com.au/news/384862/coronavirus-crisis-what-we-know-what-we-don-t|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> However, on 22 March, just before the end of round 1 of the [[2020 AFL season|2020 season]], AFL CEO [[Gillon McLachlan]] announced that the AFL season would be suspended until at least 31 May, citing the shutting of state borders as the primary cause for this decision.<ref name=AFL>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/22/afl-nrl-and-a-league-press-on-despite-restrictions|title=AFL suspends season and cancels AFLW amid coronavirus crisis|newspaper=The Guardian|last1=Hytner|first1=Mike|date=22 March 2020|accessdate=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325021213/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/22/afl-nrl-and-a-league-press-on-despite-restrictions|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The AFL season restarted on June 11.<ref>{{cite web|title=AFL 2020 season will restart on June 11 following coronavirus shutdown|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-15/coronavirus-afl-2020-season-restart-on-june-11/12243778|publisher= ABC News (Australia)|date= 15 May 2020|accessdate=10 August 2020}}</ref> The [[2020 AFL Women's season]] was cancelled midway through the finals series, with no premiership awarded to any team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Heartbreak for Fremantle as title hopes dashed|url=https://thewest.com.au/sport/aflw/heartbreak-for-fremantle-as-aflw-title-hopes-dashed-due-to-coronavirus-crisis-ng-b881496392z|date=2020-03-22|website=The West Australian|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref name=AFL/>

;Basketball
The [[2020 NBL Finals]] followed suit beginning with game two, although it was stated that they would be immediately suspended if any participants were to be diagnosed.<ref>{{cite news |first=Roy |last=Ward |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/basketball/nbl-grand-final-series-to-be-completed-behind-closed-doors-20200313-p549xx.html |title=NBL grand final series to be completed behind closed doors |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 March 2020 |accessdate=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314173509/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/basketball/nbl-grand-final-series-to-be-completed-behind-closed-doors-20200313-p549xx.html |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The best of five series was subsequently cancelled after the third game was played with the title awarded to [[Perth Wildcats]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Murray |last=Wenzel |url=https://www.theroar.com.au/2020/03/19/perth-wildcats-named-nbl-champions-after-finals-cancellation/ |title=Perth Wildcats named NBL champions after finals cancellation |website=The Roar |date=19 March 2020 |accessdate=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321140358/https://www.theroar.com.au/2020/03/19/perth-wildcats-named-nbl-champions-after-finals-cancellation/ |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Cricket
The remaining two [[One Day International]]s between Australia and New Zealand were cancelled after the first match was played behind closed doors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/new-zealand-cricketers-rush-to-leave-australia-as-one-day-series-called-off-20200314-p54a17.html|title=New Zealand cricketers rush to leave Australia as one-day series called off|date=14 March 2020|first=Tom|last=Decent|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=17 March 2020|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315211729/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/new-zealand-cricketers-rush-to-leave-australia-as-one-day-series-called-off-20200314-p54a17.html|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cricket Australia]] also cancelled the [[Australia women's national cricket team|Australian women's cricket team's]] tour of South Africa due to the virus.<ref name=":30">{{Cite news|agency=Australian Associated Press|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/australia-sport-afl-nrl-coronavirus|title=AFLW, AFL, NRL go behind closed doors as Covid-19 wreaks havoc in Australian sport|date=13 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=13 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313124253/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/australia-sport-afl-nrl-coronavirus|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Motorsports
The first sporting event in Australia to be affected was the [[2020 Australian Grand Prix]], which was cancelled on 13 March after [[McLaren]] withdrew when a team member tested positive for COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/formula-one-australian-grand-prix-melbourne-coronavirus|title=Formula One's Australian Grand Prix cancelled amid coronavirus fears|date=13 March 2020|first=Giles|last=Richards|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316224645/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/13/formula-one-australian-grand-prix-melbourne-coronavirus|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This was also enforced on the support races which included the [[2020 Melbourne 400]], which was the second round of the [[2020 Supercars Championship]] to be cancelled.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

;Rugby league
Following the implementation of travel restrictions by New Zealand,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/120279430/coronavirus-prime-minister-updates-nz-on-covid19-outbreak|title=Coronavirus: Everyone coming to New Zealand must isolate for 14 days, Prime Minister Ardern says|website=Stuff|language=en|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314201653/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/coronavirus/120279430/coronavirus-prime-minister-updates-nz-on-covid19-outbreak|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Australian Rugby League Commission]] (ARLC) announced that the [[New Zealand Warriors]] would be based in Australia for the foreseeable future.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=Chris |last2=Newton |first2=Alicia |title=NRL announces competition to continue despite increased travel restrictions |url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/03/15/nrl-announces-competition-to-continue-despite-increased-travel-restrictions/ |work=National Rugby League |date=15 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318004206/https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/03/15/nrl-announces-competition-to-continue-despite-increased-travel-restrictions/ |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The 2020 season was suspended indefinitely on 23 March.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Dan |last2=Newton |first2=Alicia |title=NRL suspends competition due to coronavirus pandemic |url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/03/23/nrl-suspends-competition-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic/ |work=National Rugby League |date=23 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324041836/https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/03/23/nrl-suspends-competition-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic/ |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chairman of the ARLC [[Peter V'landys]] requested a government bailout for the [[National Rugby League]], a request that was struck down,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/league/news/nrl-2020-coronavirus-scott-morrison-peter-vlandys-government-bailout/18rgbz31lcve12ayvg13976ji|title=Prime Minister Scott Morrison hoses down suggestions of NRL bailout|website=Sporting News|last1=Danks|first1=Chris|date=16 March 2020|accessdate=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316154331/https://www.sportingnews.com/au/league/news/nrl-2020-coronavirus-scott-morrison-peter-vlandys-government-bailout/18rgbz31lcve12ayvg13976ji|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and caused a considerable negative reaction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theroar.com.au/2020/03/19/how-well-are-the-football-codes-placed-to-bounce-back-from-covid-19/|title=How well are the football codes placed to bounce back from COVID-19|website=The Roar|last1=Symonds|first1=Nick|date=19 March 2020|accessdate=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319150950/https://www.theroar.com.au/2020/03/19/how-well-are-the-football-codes-placed-to-bounce-back-from-covid-19/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SportAnalysis>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/coronavirus-shutdown-may-change-sport-as-we-know-it-afl-nrl/12062522|title=An extended coronavirus shutdown may change sport as we know it in Australia|website=ABC News|last1=Atkinson|first1=Cody|last2=Lawson|first2=Sean|last3=Coventry|first3=James|date=18 March 2020|accessdate=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320192949/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/coronavirus-shutdown-may-change-sport-as-we-know-it-afl-nrl/12062522|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 22 April, the NRL announced that they will plan for the season to restart on 28 May, with training beginning on 4 May,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/04/22/nrl-definitely-restarting-on-may-28-clubs-to-resume-training-soon-pearce/|title=NRL 'definitely' restarting on May 28, clubs to resume training soon: Pearce |publisher=nrl.com |date=22 April 2020 |accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> and has planned for 18 rounds (giving a 20-round season) and a [[State of Origin series]], with the Grand Final rescheduled for 25 October.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-28/coronavirus-nrl-to-conduct-20-round-season/12194624?section=sport|title=NRL announces 20-round season, grand final to be played on October 25|publisher=ABC News |date=28 April 2020 |accessdate=28 April 2020}}</ref>

The NRL season recommenced on May 28 with a round 3 game played in Brisbane between the Brisbane Broncos and Parramatta Eels.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2020/05/29/1.3-million-reasons-to-smile-nrl-return-most-watched-since-2014/|title=1.3 million reasons to smile: NRL return most-watched since 2014|first1=Dan|last1=Walsh|website=nrl.com|date=29 May 2020|accessdate=29 June 2020}}</ref> The match was played behind closed doors without any crowd, although the broadcasters (Channel 9 and Foxsports) used fake crowd noise during the broadcast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/fake-yeews-the-story-behind-the-nrl-s-new-faux-crowd-noise-20200529-p54xsc.html|first1=Sam|last1=Phillip|title=Fake yeews: The story behind the NRL's new faux crowd noise|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=May 29, 2020|accessdate=29 June 2020}}</ref> The return match rated highly on TV as it was the first TV match of a team sport in Australia for 8 weeks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/broncos-eels-clash-most-watched-regular-season-nrl-game-since-2014-20200529-p54xlf.html|first1=Sam|last1=Phillips|title=Broncos-Eels clash most-watched regular-season NRL game since 2014|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=May 29, 2020|accessdate=29 June 2020}}</ref>

;Rugby union
The [[2020 Super Rugby season]] was suspended following the conclusion of play on 15 March, due to the outbreak and the imposition of mandatory quarantine for international travellers to New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Decent |first1=Tom |title=All Super Rugby matches to be cancelled after Sunday's fixtures |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/rugby-union/all-super-rugby-matches-to-be-cancelled-after-sunday-s-fixtures-20200314-p54a4u.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=14 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315184711/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/rugby-union/all-super-rugby-matches-to-be-cancelled-after-sunday-s-fixtures-20200314-p54a4u.html |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Soccer
The A-League initially announced a continuation of the league with the [[Wellington Phoenix]] being based in Australia;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/a-league-to-continue-despite-coronavirus-with-wellington-phoenix-/52z8lfezetkh19lz5ri52m6jc|title=A-League to continue despite coronavirus with Wellington Phoenix set to relocate to Australia|first=Sacha|last=Pisani|date=16 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|publisher=goal.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316132001/https://www.goal.com/en/news/a-league-to-continue-despite-coronavirus-with-wellington-phoenix-/52z8lfezetkh19lz5ri52m6jc|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> however, on 24 March, suspended the remaining matches.<ref>{{cite web |title=A-League season suspended due to coronavirus pandemic, joins AFL, NRL in closing doors |date=23 March 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-24/a-league-season-suspended-due-to-coronavirus/12084038 |publisher=ABC News |accessdate=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324202051/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-24/a-league-season-suspended-due-to-coronavirus/12084038 |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Demand for investigation ==
== Demand for investigation ==
On 19 April, Australia questioned China's handling of the epidemic, questioned the transparency of its disclosures, and demanded an international investigation into the origins of the virus and its spread.<ref>{{cite news|author= |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/19/australia-demands-coronavirus-enquiry-adding-to-pressure-on-china.html |title=Australia demands coronavirus enquiry, adding to pressure on China |publisher=Cnbc.com |date=2020-04-19 |accessdate=2020-05-12}}</ref> The Chinese Ambassador Cheng Jingye, in a rare breach of diplomatic protocol, leaked details of his telephone conversation with Frances Adamson, Secretary of [[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)|Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]], on the embassy website.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-29/china-australia-coronavirus-spat-approaches-farce/12196804|title=In diplomatic terms, China just lobbed a small hand grenade at Australia|date=29 April 2020|website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref> He warned that the demand for an inquiry could result in a consumer boycott of students and tourists visiting Australia, and could affect sales of major exports.<ref name="time-china-warns">{{cite news |last1=McGuirk |first1=Rod |title=China Warns Australia It Could Face Boycotts Over Call for an Independent Inquiry Into Coronavirus |url=https://time.com/5830675/china-australia-coronavirus-inquiry/ |accessdate=13 May 2020 |work=Time |agency=AP |publisher=TIME USA, LLC. |date=1 May 2020 |language=en |quote=''China’s warning of trade repercussions from Australia’s campaign for an independent inquiry into the coronavirus has rattled Australian business leaders''}}</ref> A trade dispute involving improperly labelled beef and barley dumping ensued, which seriously affected Australian exports.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/13/australia-china-trade-tensions-raise-fears-over-future-of-agricultural-exports|title=Australia-China trade tensions raise fears over future of agricultural exports|newspaper=The Guardian|date=13 May 2020|first1=Daniel|last1=Hurst|accessdate=29 June 2020}}</ref>
On 19 April 2020, Australia questioned China's handling of the pandemic, questioned the transparency of its disclosures, and demanded an international investigation into the origins of the virus and its spread.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/19/australia-demands-coronavirus-enquiry-adding-to-pressure-on-china.html |title=Australia demands coronavirus enquiry, adding to pressure on China |publisher=CNBC |date=19 April 2020 |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> The Chinese Ambassador Cheng Jingye, in a rare breach of diplomatic protocol, leaked details of his telephone conversation with Frances Adamson, Secretary of [[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]], on the embassy website.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Stephen |last=Dziedzic |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-29/china-australia-coronavirus-spat-approaches-farce/12196804 |title=In diplomatic terms, China just lobbed a small hand grenade at Australia |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 April 2020 }}</ref> He warned that the demand for an inquiry could result in a consumer boycott of students and tourists visiting Australia, and could affect sales of major exports.<ref name="time-china-warns">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=McGuirk |first1=Rod |title=China Warns Australia It Could Face Boycotts Over Call for an Independent Inquiry into Coronavirus |url=https://time.com/5830675/china-australia-coronavirus-inquiry/ |access-date=13 May 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501115412/https://time.com/5830675/china-australia-coronavirus-inquiry/ |archive-date=1 May 2020 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |agency=Associated Press |date=1 May 2020 |quote=China's warning of trade repercussions from Australia's campaign for an independent inquiry into the coronavirus has rattled Australian business leaders}}</ref> A trade dispute involving improperly labelled beef and [[Dumping (pricing policy)|barley dumping]] ensued, which seriously affected Australian exports.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/13/australia-china-trade-tensions-raise-fears-over-future-of-agricultural-exports |title=Australia-China trade tensions raise fears over future of agricultural exports |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 May 2020 |first1=Daniel |last1=Hurst|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> On 26 August 2020, China's deputy ambassador to Australia, Wang Xining, expressed that Australia's co-proposal for an independent investigation into the causes of the pandemic "[[Hurting the feelings of the Chinese people|hurts the feelings of the Chinese people]]" during his address to the [[National Press Club (Australia)|National Press Club of Australia]].<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||first=Jordan |last=Hayne |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-26/senior-chinese-diplomat-addresses-australia-coronavirus-tensions/12596602 |access-date=5 January 2020 |date=26 August 2020 |title=Australia 'hurt the feelings' of China with calls for coronavirus investigation, senior diplomat says |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Gailberger |first=Jade |agency=NCA NEWSWIRE |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/coronavirus-inquiry-unfair-chinese-diplomat/news-story/c8de0dd11474801f02222a349778d40f |date=26 August 2020 |title=Coronavirus inquiry 'unfair': Chinese diplomat |work=[[The Australian]] |access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref>


==Event cancellations==
==Event cancellations==
Numerous events in 2020 and 2021 were cancelled, rescheduled, postponed, reduced in size, or had their location changed. Some went to an online or streaming format. In 2021, events such as [[Skyfire (Canberra)|Skyfire]], regional [[agricultural show]]s, and music festivals ([[Byron Bay Bluesfest]] and [[Groovin' the Moo]])<ref name="abc-bluesfest'21-cancel">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Elsworthy |first1=Emma |title=Byron Bay Bluesfest cancelled for second year running after local man tests positive for COVID-19 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-31/byron-bay-bluesfest-2021-cancelled-after-covid-case-found/100041870 |access-date=1 April 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=31 March 2021 |quote=This action is being taken to minimise the risk of the highly infectious COVID-19 variant of concern being transmitted in the local area, as well as across states and territories.}}</ref><ref name="musicfeeds-moo-'21-postponed" /> were cancelled for the second year. By 16 January 2021, twenty regional town shows scheduled for January or February 2021 had been postponed or cancelled in New South Wales alone.<ref name="abc-">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Palmer |first1=Hannah |last2=Thomas |first2=Kerrin |last3=and |first3=Staff |title=Country shows cancelled again across NSW in 2021 due to COVID-19 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2021-01-16/country-nsw-shows-cancelled-for-second-year-due-to-covid/13060160 |access-date=20 January 2021 |work=ABC Rural |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=15 January 2021}}</ref> Many subsequent events were cancelled in 2021 and into early 2022 with the emergence of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron variant]].<ref name ="tonedeaf-festivals-2022"/>
==== National ====
* The [[World Surf League]] cancelled all events in March 2020.<ref name=":30" />
* The [[World Surf League]] cancelled all events in March 2020.<ref name=":30"/>
* All [[Anzac Day]] marches were cancelled.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/anzac-day-services-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus/12060466|title=Coronavirus forces cancellation of Anzac Day services in Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania, Queensland and Western Australia|date=16 March 2020|accessdate=29 June 2020|work=ABC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316131157/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/anzac-day-services-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus/12060466|archive-date=16 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* All [[Anzac Day]] marches in 2020 were cancelled.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/anzac-day-services-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus/12060466 |title=Coronavirus forces cancellation of Anzac Day services in Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania, Queensland and Western Australia |date=16 March 2020|access-date=29 June 2020 |work=ABC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316131157/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/anzac-day-services-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus/12060466|archive-date=16 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, most major state marches went ahead, some states as per pre-pandemic, but most with ticketing and/or restrictions on numbers marching and watching. Overseas services were not held.<ref name="9news-anzac-day'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||author1=Staff |title=Sydney's Anzac Day march to go ahead with 10,000 people |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/anzac-day-2021-state-by-state-guide-services-events-australia-coronavirus-restrictions-explainer/47906f3f-d542-4c5c-97bc-90887af26cae |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=9news.com.au |publisher=Nine Digital Pty Ltd}}</ref><ref name="haveago-wa-'21">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Merigan |first1=Tahlia |title=How to commemorate this ANZAC Day |url=https://www.haveagonews.com.au/news/how-to-commemorate-this-anzac-day/ |access-date=15 April 2021 |work=Have a Go News |date=14 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="startsat60-anzac'21">{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Wall |first1=Anna |title=2021 Anzac Day ceremonies: Here's the rules for each state and territory |url=https://startsat60.com/media/news/anzac-day-2021-australia-rules-each-state-and-territory |website=startsat60.com |access-date=15 April 2021 |date=27 March 2021}}</ref> On 24 April 2021, Perth city and the [[Peel (Western Australia)|Peel region]] entered a sudden 3-day COVID-19 lockdown, and Anzac Day services in the affected areas were cancelled.<ref name="abc-wa-lockdown-23-apr">{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=Perpitch |first1=Nicolas |title=Perth lockdown for three days will see Anzac Day services cancelled, residents urged to stay indoors |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-23/perth-plunged-into-three-day-lockdown-after-hotel-covid/100091188 |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=23 April 2021}}</ref>
* The 15 May [[school strike for climate]] rally and march was cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schoolstrike4climate.com/statement-on-covid-19|title=Statement on the Coronavirus Pandemic|publisher=SS4C Australia|language=en|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404025755/https://www.schoolstrike4climate.com/statement-on-covid-19|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Australian Border Force]] suspended all deportations to New Zealand between 16 and 30 March 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last1=McCann |first1=Mitch |title=Coronavirus: COVID-19 halts Australia's deportation regime |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/03/coronavirus-covid-19-halts-australia-s-deportation-regime.html |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=[[Newshub]] |date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317102636/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/03/coronavirus-covid-19-halts-australia-s-deportation-regime.html|archive-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>
* The [[Australian Border Force]] suspends all deportations to New Zealand between 16 and 30 March 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McCann |first1=Mitch |title=Coronavirus: COVID-19 halts Australia's deportation regime |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/03/coronavirus-covid-19-halts-australia-s-deportation-regime.html |accessdate=17 March 2020 |work=[[Newshub]] |date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317102636/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/03/coronavirus-covid-19-halts-australia-s-deportation-regime.html|archive-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>
* [[NAPLAN|National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy]] (NAPLAN) tests for 2020 were cancelled on 20 March.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||last=Duffy |first=Conor |title=NAPLAN exams cancelled due to coronavirus disruptions |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/naplan-exams-cancelled-coronavirus-pandemic-schools-to-stay-open/12075088 |date=20 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320054628/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/naplan-exams-cancelled-coronavirus-pandemic-schools-to-stay-open/12075088|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy|NAPLAN]] tests for 2020 were cancelled on 20 March.<ref>{{cite web|title=NAPLAN exams cancelled due to coronavirus disruptions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/naplan-exams-cancelled-coronavirus-pandemic-schools-to-stay-open/12075088|date=20 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320054628/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/naplan-exams-cancelled-coronavirus-pandemic-schools-to-stay-open/12075088|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The national regional touring music festival [[Groovin' the Moo]] announced on 17&nbsp;March that the 2020 festival was cancelled whilst confirming dates for 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Groovin The Moo 2020 cancelled due to coronavirus, 2021 dates announced |date=17 March 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/musicnews/groovin-the-moo-2020-cancelled-coronavirus-2021-dates-venues/12058738 |publisher=ABC – Triple J |access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> On 4 February 2021, that year's festival was also "postponed".<ref name="musicfeeds-moo-'21-postponed">{{#invoke:Cite web||last1=Langford |first1=Jackson |title=Groovin The Moo 2021 Has Been Cancelled |url=https://musicfeeds.com.au/news/groovin-the-moo-2021-has-been-cancelled/ |website=Music Feeds |access-date=8 February 2021 |ref=4 February 2021 |date=4 February 2021}}</ref>
* Many music events were cancelled, including tours by [[Jimmy Barnes]], [[Harry Styles]], and [[Rod Stewart]]. Other cancelled events include Full Tilt Adelaide, Grapevine Gathering, HomeBrewed Festival, and [[Rainbow Spirit Festival]], with many more events postponed.<ref name ="tonedeaf-festivals-2022">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=18 January 2022|title=The 2022 Aussie tours & festivals affected by COVID-19|url=https://tonedeaf.thebrag.com/the-2022-aussie-tours-festivals-affected-by-covid-19/|access-date=20 January 2022|website=Tone Deaf}}</ref>
* The national regional touring music festival [[Groovin' The Moo]] announced on 17 March that the 2020 festival was cancelled whilst confirming dates for 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Groovin The Moo 2020 cancelled due to coronavirus, 2021 dates announced |date=17 March 2020 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/musicnews/groovin-the-moo-2020-cancelled-coronavirus-2021-dates-venues/12058738 |publisher=ABC – Triple J |accessdate=28 March 2020}}</ref>

==== New South Wales ====
* The [[Sydney Royal Easter Show]], the largest ticketed event in Australia, was cancelled only for the third time in its 197-year history.<ref name="abc-13-03-2020-cancell">{{cite news |author1=Staff |title='Distressing and disappointing': Sydney Royal Easter Show cancelled due to coronavirus |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-13/coronavirus-causes-sydney-royal-easter-show-to-be-cancelled/12052440 |accessdate=14 March 2020 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=13 March 2020 |language=en-AU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313180424/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-13/coronavirus-causes-sydney-royal-easter-show-to-be-cancelled/12052440 |archive-date=13 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Vivid Sydney]] was cancelled for the first time in its history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vivid Sydney 2020 Cancelled – Destination NSW |url=https://www.destinationnsw.com.au/news-and-media/media-releases/vivid-sydney-2020-cancelled |website=www.destinationnsw.com.au |publisher=Destination NSW}}</ref>
* The [[Sydney Writers' Festival]] suspended ticket sales and are expected to cancel their seasons.<ref name="sydneycancels">{{cite news |last1=Dye |first1=Josh |last2=Buckley |first2=John |last3=Quinn |first3=Karl |title='Very confusing': Frustration grows as Sydney events cancelled due to crowd bans |url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/music/very-confusing-frustration-grows-as-sydney-events-cancelled-due-to-crowd-bans-20200313-p549xr.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=13 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314173706/https://www.smh.com.au/culture/music/very-confusing-frustration-grows-as-sydney-events-cancelled-due-to-crowd-bans-20200313-p549xr.html |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The [[Festival of Dangerous Ideas]] was cancelled on 16 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ethics.org.au/the-festival-of-dangerous-ideas-has-been-cancelled/|website=ethics.org.au|title=The Festival of Dangerous Ideas has been cancelled|first=Simon|last=Longstaff|date=16 March 2020|accessdate=18 March 2020}}</ref>
* The [[Byron Bay Bluesfest]] announced that it would be cancelled due to the introduction of 14-day self-isolation for anyone entering Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/bluesfest-2020-has-been-cancelled-20200316|title=Bluesfest 2020 Has Been Cancelled|last=Cashmere|first=Paul|date=16 March 2020|website=Noise11.com|language=en-US|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref>
* The [[Hunter Valley Steamfest]] was cancelled.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200316081817/https://www.steamfest.com.au/ Steamfest 2020 Cancelled] Hunter Valley Steamiest</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200316082136/https://www.maitlandmercury.com.au/story/6680802/maitland-steamfest-2020-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus-crowd-ban/ Maitland Steamiest cancelled due to coronavirus crowd ban] ''[[Maitland Mercury]]'' 16 March 2020</ref>
* [[Splendour in the Grass]] was postponed from July 2020 until 23–25 October 2020.<ref name="sitg2020">{{cite web|title=Splendour in the Grass|url=https://splendourinthegrass.com/|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220015023/https://splendourinthegrass.com/|archive-date=20 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The [[Sydney Film Festival]] was cancelled on 18 March.<ref name="sff2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.sff.org.au/info/blog/2020-sydney-film-festival-cancelled|title=SFF 2020 Has Been Cancelled|date=18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318050640/https://www.sff.org.au/info/blog/2020-sydney-film-festival-cancelled|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* On 17 March 2020, the [[Canowindra#Ballooning|Canowindra International Balloon Challenge]] which was due to be held in April 2020 was cancelled due to concerns about "the spread of coronavirus".<ref name="canow-news-balloon-cancel">{{cite news |author1=Staff |title=Canowindra International Balloon Challenge cancelled due to coronavirus concerns |url=https://www.canowindranews.com.au/story/6682525/canowindra-international-balloon-challenge-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus-concerns/ |accessdate=3 May 2020 |work=Canowindra News |publisher=Australian Community Media |date=17 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==== Tasmania ====
* On 11 March, the head of the [[Museum of Old and New Art]] (MONA), [[David Walsh (art collector)|David Walsh]], cancelled the [[Dark Mofo]] winter arts festival.<ref name=":27">{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-11/dark-mofo-2020-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus-fears/12044738|title=Dark Mofo 2020 cancelled due to coronavirus fears|date=11 March 2020|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311084911/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-11/dark-mofo-2020-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus-fears/12044738|archive-date=11 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> He announced on 16 March that the museum itself would be closed indefinitely.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/mona-to-close-doors-over-coronavirus/12060928/|title=Hobart's Museum of Old and New Art to close indefinitely due to coronavirus fears|website=ABC|date=16 March 2020|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316131745/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-16/mona-to-close-doors-over-coronavirus/12060928|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The government announced that the [[2020 Tasmanian Legislative Council periodic election|Legislative Council elections]] that were due to take place on 30 May 2020 was deferred to 1 August.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legislative Council Elections to be deferred|url=http://www.premier.tas.gov.au/releases/legislative_council_elections_to_be_deferred|website=www.premier.tas.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2020-05-23}}</ref>

==== South Australia ====
* [[South Australian National Football League]] men's and women's games will not be held in front of a crowd from 14 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sanfl.com.au/league/news/sanfl-update-re-coronavirus/|title=SANFL UPDATE RE CORONAVIRUS|website=SANFL|language=en-US|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>
* Basketball South Australia decided jointly with the National Basketball league to postpone [[NBL1 Central]] games till at least 18 April 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basketballsa.com.au/news-and-events/news/covid-19-update-13-03-20|title=COVID-19 Update – 13/03/20|website=Basketball SA|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.basketballsa.com.au/news-and-events/news/covid-19-update-nbl1-central-14-03-20|title=COVID-19 Update – NBL1 Central 14/03/20|website=Basketball SA|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>
* Rowing South Australia has cancelled the South Australian portion of [[Head of the River (Australia)|Head of the River]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rowingsa.asn.au/2020/03/14/sa-schools-head-of-the-river-cancelled/|title=SA Schools Head of the River – CANCELLED {{!}} Rowing South Australia|website=rowingsa.asn.au|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>

==== Victoria ====
* The 2020 [[Melbourne International Flower and Garden Show|Melbourne International Flower & Garden Show]] (scheduled for 25–29 March 2020) was cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://melbflowershow.com.au/important-information-regarding-the-2020-melbourne-international-flower-garden-show/|title=Important information regarding the 2020 Melbourne International Flower & Garden Show|date=2020-03-14|website=Melbourne International Flower & Garden Show|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref>
* The 2020 [[Melbourne International Comedy Festival]] (scheduled for 25 March – 19 April 2020) was cancelled due to banned public gatherings of more than 500 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comedyfestival.com.au/2020/2020-statement|title=Melbourne International Comedy Festival 2020 will not go ahead|website=Melbourne International Comedy Festival|language=en-AU|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316103821/https://www.comedyfestival.com.au/2020/2020-statement|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The 2020 [[Melbourne International Jazz Festival]] (scheduled for 29 May – 12 June) was cancelled, however replaced by a virtual online event by These Digital Times.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-20|title=Melbourne International Jazz Festival is throwing a free one-day concert this weekend|url=https://www.beat.com.au/melbourne-international-jazz-festival-is-throwing-a-free-one-day-concert-this-weekend/|access-date=2020-07-26|website=Beat Magazine|language=en-AU}}</ref>
* The 2020 annual [[Melbourne Food and Wine Festival|Melbourne Food & Wine Festival]] (due to start in March 2020) was postponed to Spring.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MFWF Coronavirus Statement|url=https://www.melbournefoodandwine.com.au/mfwf-coronavirus-statement|access-date=2020-07-26|website=Melbourne Food and Wine Festival|language=en}}</ref>
* The 2020 annual [[Royal Melbourne Show]] (due to start in mid-September) was cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://royalshow.com.au/news/2020-royal-melbourne-show-cancelled-due-to-covid-19/#:~:text=Due%20to%20the%20continuing%20coronavirus,best%20interests%20of%20public%20health.|title=2020 Royal Melbourne Show Cancelled Due To COVID-19|date=29 April 2020|accessdate=10 August 2020}}</ref>
* The 2020 annual [[Royal Geelong Show]] (scheduled for October) was cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/royal-geelong-show-cancelled-amid-coronavirus-concerns/news-story/ba7d11f33b65941cbd698533ab74fb82|title=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/royal-geelong-show-cancelled-amid-coronavirus-concerns/news-story/ba7d11f33b65941cbd698533ab74fb82|publisher=Herald Sun|date=6 July 2020|accessdate=10 August 2020}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country]]
* [[Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia]]
* [[COVID-19 vaccination in Australia]]
* [[COVID-19 protests in Australia]]
* [[COVID-19 clusters in Australia]]
* [[Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia medical cases|Chart of COVID-19 cases in Australia]] (template)
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand]]
* [[Biosecurity in Australia]]
* [[Biosecurity in Australia]]
* [[National Cabinet of Australia]]
* [[National Cabinet (Australia)]]
* [[National COVID-19 Coordination Commission]]
* [[National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board]]
* [[National Security Committee (Australia)]]
* [[National Security Committee (Australia)]]
* [[Coronavirus Australia]]
* [[Coronavirus Australia]]
* [[List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic#Australia]]
* [[Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic#Australia]]

===State and territory articles===
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia]]

{{#invoke:Portal bar|main|COVID-19|Australia|Medicine|Viruses}}


== Notes ==
{{Portal bar|COVID-19|Australia|Medicine|Viruses}}
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"><references group="lower-alpha" /></div>


== References ==
== References ==
<references />
{{reflist|2}}


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
* [https://www.pm.gov.au/media/press-conference-australian-parliament-house-4 Press Conference by the Prime Minister of Australia on 27 February 2020] Transcript of the Press Conference held on 27 February 2020 by The Hon Scott Morrison MP, the Prime Minister of Australia, from Australian Parliament House alongside Dr Paul Kelly, Deputy Chief Medical Officer and The Hon. Greg Hunt MP, Minister For Health, announcing the activation of the Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).
* [https://www.pm.gov.au/media/press-conference-australian-parliament-house-4 Press Conference by the Prime Minister of Australia on 27 February 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309075745/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/press-conference-australian-parliament-house-4 |date=9 March 2020 }} Transcript of the Press Conference held on 27 February 2020 by The Hon Scott Morrison MP, the Prime Minister of Australia, from Australian Parliament House alongside Dr Paul Kelly, Deputy Chief Medical Officer and The Hon. Greg Hunt MP, Minister For Health, announcing the activation of the Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).
* [https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/australian-health-sector-emergency-response-plan-for-novel-coronavirus-covid-19 Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)] The Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (the COVID-19 Plan) guides the Australian health sector response.
* [https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/australian-health-sector-emergency-response-plan-for-novel-coronavirus-covid-19 Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)] The Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (the COVID-19 Plan) guides the Australian health sector response.


Line 1,617: Line 581:
{{commons category|COVID-19 pandemic in Australia}}
{{commons category|COVID-19 pandemic in Australia}}
* [https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert Coronavirus (COVID-19) health alert] by the Australian Government Department of Health
* [https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert Coronavirus (COVID-19) health alert] by the Australian Government Department of Health
* [http://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)] by the [[World Health Organization]]
* [https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)] by the [[World Health Organization]]
* [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation reports] by the [[World Health Organization]] (official numbers of confirmed cases by country)
* [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation reports] by the [[World Health Organization]] (official numbers of confirmed cases by country)
* [https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 Map of global confirmed coronavirus COVID-19 cases] and [https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 historical data] in near real-time by the [[Johns Hopkins University]]
* [https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 Map of global confirmed coronavirus COVID-19 cases] and [https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 historical data] in near real-time by the [[Johns Hopkins University]]
* [https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/examples/COVID19China COVID-19 Epidemiologic and genetic data] from the Wolfram data repository.
* [https://www.wolframcloud.com/obj/examples/COVID19China COVID-19 Epidemiologic and genetic data] from the Wolfram data repository.
* [https://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.spg?decorator=corona_ncov 2019-nCoV Data Portal] by [https://www.viprbrc.org/ Virus Pathogen Resource]
* [https://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.spg?decorator=corona_ncov 2019-nCoV Data Portal] by [https://www.viprbrc.org/ Virus Pathogen Resource]
* [https://coronavirus-global.com/australia Coronavirus Australia updates and news]. Australia at the Coronavirus Global international portal. Available in 11 languages.
* [https://coronavirus-global.com/australia Coronavirus Australia updates and news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408085640/https://coronavirus-global.com/australia/ |date=8 April 2020}}. Australia at the Coronavirus Global international portal. Available in 11 languages.
* [https://coronatracker.com/ Coronatracker] – Coronavirus news aggregator and tracking portal
* [https://coronatracker.com/ Coronatracker] – Coronavirus news aggregator and tracking portal
* [https://covid-19.wileam.com/#/AUS CoVid-19 Updates – AUS] – Near real time coronavirus tracker for different states and territories in Australia
* [https://covid-19.wileam.com/#/AUS CoVid-19 Updates – AUS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309230051/https://covid-19.wileam.com/#/AUS |date=9 March 2020}} – Near real-time coronavirus tracker for different states and territories in Australia
* [https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic] – Near real time coronavirus statistics for the world and Australia
* [https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries Coronavirus pandemic] – Near real-time coronavirus statistics for the world and Australia
* [https://www.covidlive.com.au COVID Live] – Statistics tracking of the number of coronavirus cases, tests and deaths in Australia
* [https://www.covidlive.com.au COVID Live] – Statistics tracking of the number of coronavirus cases, tests and deaths in Australia
* [[Wikiversity:COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Australia]]


{{COVID-19 pandemic|short=yes}} <!-- using short version because wp:peis limit was being hit otherwise -->
{{COVID-19 pandemic in Australia}}
{{#invoke:COVID-19 pandemic|}} <!-- using short version because wp:peis limit was being hit otherwise -->


[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Australia| ]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Australia| ]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Australia]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Australia]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in Australia]]
[[Category:2020 in Australia]]
[[Category:January 2020 events in Australia]]
[[Category:2021 in Australia]]
[[Category:February 2020 events in Australia]]
[[Category:2022 in Australia]]
[[Category:March 2020 events in Australia]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania]]
[[Category:April 2020 events in Australia]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania|Australia]]
[[Category:2020 disasters in Australia]]
[[Category:May 2020 events in Australia]]
[[Category:July 2020 events in Australia]]
[[Category:August 2020 events in Australia]]
[[Category:June 2020 events in Australia]]

Latest revision as of 04:00, 8 December 2024

COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationAustralia
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseMelbourne, Victoria
Arrival date25 January 2020
(4 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
DateAs of 12 January 2023
Confirmed cases11,861,161[1]
Active cases79,112 (estimated)[2]
Hospitalised cases5,025[2]
Critical cases419[2]
Ventilator cases117[2]
Recovered10,541,594 (estimated)[2]
Deaths
19,265[3]
Fatality rate0.15%
Test positivity rate21.75% (7-day average)[4]
Vaccinations
  • 22,231,734[1] (total vaccinated)
  • 21,647,524[1] (fully vaccinated)
  • 69,686,750[1] (doses administered)
Government website
www.health.gov.au/covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia was a part of the worldwide pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first confirmed case in Australia was identified on 25 January 2020, in Victoria, when a man who had returned from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, tested positive for the virus.[5] As of 6 August 2022, Australia has reported over 11,350,000 cases and 19,265 deaths,[6][3] with Victoria's 2020 second wave having the highest fatality rate per case.

In March 2020, the Australian government established the intergovernmental National Cabinet and declared a human biosecurity emergency in response to the outbreak. Australian borders were closed to all non-residents on 20 March,[7] and returning residents were required to spend two weeks in supervised quarantine hotels from 27 March.[8] Many individual states and territories also closed their borders to varying degrees, with some remaining closed until late 2020,[9] and continuing to periodically close during localised outbreaks.[10] Social distancing rules were introduced on 21 March, and state governments started to close "non-essential" services.[11][12] "Non-essential services" included social gathering venues such as pubs and clubs but unlike many other countries did not include most business operations such as construction, manufacturing and many retail categories.[13] The number of new cases initially grew sharply, then levelled out at about 350 per day around 22 March, and started falling at the beginning of April to under 20 cases per day by the end of the month.[2]

Australia was one of few countries to pursue a zero-COVID "suppression" strategy until late 2021, meaning it aimed to minimise domestic community transmission. Implementation involved strict controls on international arrivals and aggressively responding to local outbreaks with lockdowns and exhaustive contact tracing of domestic COVID-19 clusters.[14][15][16] A second wave of infections emerged in Victoria during May and June 2020, which was attributed to an outbreak at a Melbourne quarantine hotel. The second wave, though largely localised to Melbourne, was much more widespread and deadlier than the first; at its peak, the state had over 7,000 active cases.[17] Victoria underwent a second strict lockdown which eventually lasted almost four months.[18] The wave ended with zero new cases being recorded on 26 October 2020.[19][20][21] No deaths from COVID-19 were recorded in Australia from 28 December 2020 until 13 April 2021, when one death occurred in Queensland.[2]

The nationwide vaccination program began with the first doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine being administered in Sydney on 21 February 2021.[22][23] The country's vaccine rollout, which fell short of its initial targets and was described as slow, was criticised.[24][25] Further cluster outbreaks occurred in late 2020 and mid-2021, with several brief "snap lockdowns" announced in certain states to contain their spread, particularly as novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 arrived in Australia.

In July 2021, the Australian government after continually stating COVID-zero was not sustainable, published the 'National Plan' to live with COVID.[26] As outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant which started in June 2021 in New South Wales spread, almost half of Australia's population and most major cities were in lockdown for at least 3 days during July 2021.[27][16] The outbreak worsened in New South Wales and spread to Victoria in the following weeks causing new record daily cases in both stated later in 2021.[28][29] Lockdowns were phased out after 70% of the population was vaccinated in October with most public health restrictions removed after vaccinating 90% of its population in December 2021, as the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant drove further records of infections.[30][31] International travel began to resume in November 2021 and returned to normal in early 2022.

The government declared the emergency response "finished" in September 2022 and removed all restrictions including the requirement to isolate if one was infected from 14 October 2022.[32] On 20 October 2023, the Australian Chief Medical Officer declared that COVID-19 was no longer a Communicable Disease Incident of National Significance (CDINS) and ended all national emergency response and coordination, shifting COVID-19 management to a more general infectious disease framework.[33]

Background

A novel coronavirus that caused a respiratory illness was identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019, and was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on 31 December 2019, which confirmed its concern on 12 January 2020.[34][35] WHO declared the outbreak a Public health emergency of international concern on 30 January,[36] and a pandemic on 11 March.[37]

The case fatality rate of COVID-19 is much lower than that of SARS, a related disease which emerged in 2002,[38][39] but its transmission has been significantly greater, leading to a much greater total death toll.[38][40]

The widespread reporting of the bushfire season in major media and social media around the world caused a significant drop in the number of tourists coming to Australia, including those from China. The absence of tourist arrivals during this time could have played a significant role in sparing Australia from the spread of COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic. This is in contrast to other major cities in Europe and North America, where the early spread of the virus continued undetected until late February 2020 or early March 2020.[41]

Timeline

Main articles: Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020), Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021), Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021), and Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)
COVID-19 cases in Australia  (
)
     Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases        Not Infectious
20202020202120212022202220232023
JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJulAugAugSepSepOctOctNovNovDecDec
JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJulAugAugSepSepOctOctNovNovDecDec
JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJulAugAugSepSepOctOctNovNovDecDec
JanJanFebFebMarMarAprApr
Last 120 daysLast 120 days
Date
# of cases
# of deaths
2020-01-25 4(n.a.)
2020-01-26 4(=)
2020-01-27 5(+1)
2020-01-28 5(=)
2020-01-29 7(+2)
2020-01-30 9(+2)
2020-01-31 9(=)
2020-02-01 10(+1)
2020-02-02 12(+2)
2020-02-03 12(=)
2020-02-04 13(+1)
2020-02-05 14(+1)
2020-02-06 15(+1)
⋮ 15(=)
2020-02-20 17(+2)
2020-02-21 21(+4)
⋮ 21(=)
2020-02-25 22(+1)
⋮ 22(=)
2020-02-28 25(+3)
2020-02-29 26(+1)
2020-03-01 29(+3) 1(n.a.)
2020-03-02 33(+4) 1(=)
2020-03-03 40(+7) 1(=)
2020-03-04 51(+11) 2(+1)
2020-03-05 59(+8) 2(=)
2020-03-06 63(+4) 2(=)
2020-03-07 73(+10) 2(=)
2020-03-08 78(+5) 3(+1)
2020-03-09 91(+13) 3(=)
2020-03-10 112(+21) 3(=)
2020-03-11 128(+16) 3(=)
2020-03-12 156(+28) 3(=)
2020-03-13 198(+42) 3(=)
2020-03-14
248(+50) 3(=)
2020-03-15
298(+50) 5(+2)
2020-03-16
376(+78) 5(=)
2020-03-17
453(+77) 5(=)
2020-03-18
566(+113) 6(+1)
2020-03-19
708(+142) 6(=)
2020-03-20
875(+167) 7(+1)
2020-03-21
1,071(+196) 7(=)
2020-03-22
1,352(+281) 7(=)
2020-03-23
1,716(+364) 7(=)
2020-03-24
2,146(+430) 8(+1)
2020-03-25
2,431(+285) 9(+1)
2020-03-26
2,805(+374) 13(+4)
2020-03-27
3,179(+374) 13(=)
2020-03-28
3,637(+458) 14(+1)
2020-03-29
3,985(+348) 16(+2)
2020-03-30
4,250(+265) 18(+2)
2020-03-31
4,560(+310) 19(+1)
2020-04-01
4,864(+304) 21(+2)
2020-04-02
5,136(+272) 24(+3)
2020-04-03
5,358(+222) 28(+4)
2020-04-04
5,552(+194) 30(+2)
2020-04-05
5,687(+135) 34(+4)
2020-04-06
5,795(+108) 39(+5)
2020-04-07
5,908(+113) 45(+6)
2020-04-08
6,013(+105) 50(+5)
2020-04-09
6,103(+90) 51(+1)
2020-04-10
6,203(+100) 53(+2)
2020-04-11
6,292(+89) 56(+3)
2020-04-12
6,313(+21) 59(+3)
2020-04-13
6,359(+46) 61(+2)
2020-04-14
6,400(+41) 61(=)
2020-04-15
6,447(+47) 63(+2)
2020-04-16
6,468(+21) 63(=)
2020-04-17
6,523(+55) 65(+2)
2020-04-18
6,565(+42) 68(+3)
2020-04-19
6,606(+41) 70(+2)
2020-04-20
6,619(+13) 71(+1)
2020-04-21
6,645(+26) 71(=)
2020-04-22
6,649(+4) 74(+3)
2020-04-23
6,661(+12) 75(+1)
2020-04-24
6,675(+14) 78(+3)
2020-04-25
6,695(+20) 80(+2)
2020-04-26
6,711(+16) 83(+3)
2020-04-27
6,720(+9) 83(=)
2020-04-28
6,731(+11) 84(+1)
2020-04-29
6,746(+15) 89(+5)
2020-04-30
6,753(+7) 91(+2)
2020-05-01
6,767(+14) 93(+2)
2020-05-02
6,783(+16) 93(=)
2020-05-03
6,801(+18) 95(+2)
2020-05-04
6,825(+24) 95(=)
2020-05-05
6,849(+24) 96(+1)
2020-05-06
6,875(+26) 97(+1)
2020-05-07
6,896(+21) 97(=)
2020-05-08
6,914(+18) 97(=)
2020-05-09
6,929(+15) 97(=)
2020-05-10
6,941(+12) 97(=)
2020-05-11
6,948(+7) 97(=)
2020-05-12
6,964(+16) 97(=)
2020-05-13
6,975(+11) 98(+1)
2020-05-14
6,989(+14) 98(=)
2020-05-15
7,019(+30) 98(=)
2020-05-16
7,036(+17) 98(=)
2020-05-17
7,045(+9) 98(=)
2020-05-18
7,060(+15) 99(+1)
2020-05-19
7,068(+8) 99(=)
2020-05-20
7,079(+11) 100(+1)
2020-05-21
7,081(+2) 100(=)
2020-05-22
7,095(+14) 101(+1)
2020-05-23
7,106(+11) 102(+1)
2020-05-24
7,109(+3) 102(=)
2020-05-25
7,118(+9) 102(=)
2020-05-26
7,133(+15) 102(=)
2020-05-27
7,139(+6) 103(+1)
2020-05-28
7,150(+11) 103(=)
2020-05-29
7,173(+23) 103(=)
2020-05-30
7,185(+12) 103(=)
2020-05-31
7,195(+10) 103(=)
2020-06-01
7,204(+9) 103(=)
2020-06-02
7,221(+17) 102(-1)
2020-06-03
7,229(+8) 102(=)
2020-06-04
7,240(+11) 102(=)
2020-06-05
7,251(+11) 102(=)
2020-06-06
7,255(+4) 102(=)
2020-06-07
7,260(+5) 102(=)
2020-06-08
7,265(+5) 102(=)
2020-06-09
7,267(+2) 102(=)
2020-06-10
7,276(+9) 102(=)
2020-06-11
7,285(+9) 102(=)
2020-06-12
7,290(+5) 102(=)
2020-06-13
7,302(+12) 102(=)
2020-06-14
7,320(+18) 102(=)
2020-06-15
7,335(+15) 102(=)
2020-06-16
7,347(+12) 102(=)
2020-06-17
7,370(+23) 102(=)
2020-06-18
7,391(+21) 102(=)
2020-06-19
7,409(+18) 102(=)
2020-06-20
7,436(+27) 102(=)
2020-06-21
7,461(+25) 102(=)
2020-06-22
7,474(+13) 102(=)
2020-06-23
7,492(+18) 102(=)
2020-06-24
7,521(+29) 103(+1)
2020-06-25
7,558(+37) 104(+1)
2020-06-26
7,595(+37) 104(=)
2020-06-27
7,641(+46) 104(=)
2020-06-28
7,686(+45) 104(=)
2020-06-29
7,767(+81) 104(=)
2020-06-30
7,834(+67) 104(=)
2020-07-01
7,920(+86) 104(=)
2020-07-02
8,001(+81) 104(=)
2020-07-03
8,255(+254) 104(=)
2020-07-04
8,362(+107) 104(=)
2020-07-05
8,449(+87) 104(=)
2020-07-06
8,586(+137) 106(+2)
2020-07-07
8,755(+169) 106(=)
2020-07-08
8,886(+131) 106(=)
2020-07-09
9,059(+173) 106(=)
2020-07-10
9,359(+300) 106(=)
2020-07-11
9,553(+194) 107(+1)
2020-07-12
9,797(+244) 108(+1)
2020-07-13
9,980(+183) 108(=)
2020-07-14
10,251(+271) 108(=)
2020-07-15
10,495(+244) 111(+3)
2020-07-16
10,810(+315) 113(+2)
2020-07-17
11,235(+425) 116(+3)
2020-07-18
11,441(+206) 118(+2)
2020-07-19
11,802(+361) 122(+4)
2020-07-20
12,069(+267) 123(+1)
2020-07-21
12,428(+359) 126(+3)
2020-07-22
12,896(+468) 128(+2)
2020-07-23
13,306(+410) 133(+5)
2020-07-24
13,595(+289) 139(+6)
2020-07-25
13,950(+355) 145(+6)
2020-07-26
14,403(+453) 155(+10)
2020-07-27
14,935(+532) 161(+6)
2020-07-28
15,304(+369) 167(+6)
2020-07-29
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2020-07-30
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2020-07-31
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2020-08-01
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2020-08-02
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2020-08-03
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2020-08-04
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2020-08-05
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2020-08-06
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2020-08-07
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2020-08-08
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2020-08-09
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2020-08-10
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2020-08-11
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2020-08-12
22,127(+414) 352(+21)
2020-08-13
22,358(+231) 361(+9)
2020-08-14
22,743(+385) 375(+14)
2020-08-15
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2020-08-16
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2020-08-17
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2020-08-18
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2020-08-19
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2020-08-20
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2020-08-21
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2020-08-22
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2020-08-23
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2020-08-24
24,916(+104) 517(+15)
2020-08-25
25,053(+137) 525(+8)
2020-08-26
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2020-08-27
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2020-08-28
25,448(+126) 583(+11)
2020-08-29
25,547(+99) 600(+17)
2020-08-30
25,670(+123) 611(+11)
2020-08-31
25,746(+76) 652(+41)
2020-09-01
25,819(+73) 657(+5)
2020-09-02
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2020-09-03
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2020-09-04
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2020-09-05
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2020-09-06
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2020-09-07
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2020-09-08
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2020-09-09
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2020-09-10
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2020-09-11
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2020-09-12
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2020-09-13
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2020-09-14
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2020-09-15
26,738(+46) 816(=)
2020-09-16
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2020-09-17
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2020-09-18
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2020-09-19
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2020-09-20
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2020-09-21
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2020-09-22
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2020-09-23
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2020-09-24
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2020-09-25
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2020-09-26
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2020-09-27
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2020-09-28
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2020-09-29
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2020-09-30
27,078(+15) 886(+4)
2020-10-01
27,096(+18) 888(+2)
2020-10-02
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2020-10-03
27,121(+8) 893(+3)
2020-10-04
27,136(+15) 894(+1)
2020-10-05
27,149(+13) 894(=)
2020-10-06
27,174(+25) 895(+1)
2020-10-07
27,182(+8) 897(+2)
2020-10-08
27,206(+24) 897(=)
2020-10-09
27,229(+23) 897(=)
2020-10-10
27,244(+15) 897(=)
2020-10-11
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2020-10-12
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2020-10-13
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2020-10-14
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2020-10-15
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2020-10-16
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2020-10-17
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2020-10-18
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2020-10-19
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2020-10-20
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2020-10-21
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2020-10-22
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2020-10-23
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2020-10-24
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2020-10-25
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2020-10-26
27,527(+7) 905(=)
2020-10-27
27,541(+14) 905(=)
2020-10-28
27,554(+13) 907(+2)
2020-10-29
27,569(+15) 907(=)
2020-10-30
27,582(+13) 907(=)
2020-10-31
27,590(+8) 907(=)
2020-11-01
27,595(+5) 907(=)
2020-11-02
27,602(+7) 907(=)
2020-11-03
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2020-11-04
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2020-11-05
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2020-11-06
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2020-11-07
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2020-11-08
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2020-11-09
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2020-11-10
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2020-11-11
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2020-11-12
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2020-11-13
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2020-11-14
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2020-11-15
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2020-11-16
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2020-11-17
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2020-11-18
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2020-11-19
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2020-11-20
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2020-11-21
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2020-11-22
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2020-11-23
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2020-11-24
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2020-11-25
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2020-11-26
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2020-11-27
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2020-11-28
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2020-11-29
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2020-11-30
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2020-12-01
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2020-12-02
27,923(+11) 908(=)
2020-12-03
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2020-12-04
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2020-12-05
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2020-12-06
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2020-12-07
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2020-12-08
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2020-12-09
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2020-12-10
28,000(+7) 908(=)
2020-12-11
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2020-12-12
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2020-12-13
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2020-12-14
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2020-12-15
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2020-12-16
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2020-12-17
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2020-12-18
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2020-12-19
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2020-12-20
28,171(+43) 908(=)
2020-12-21
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2020-12-22
28,219(+21) 908(=)
2020-12-23
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2020-12-24
28,262(+24) 908(=)
2020-12-25
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2020-12-26
28,296(+20) 908(=)
2020-12-27
28,312(+16) 908(=)
2020-12-28
28,337(+25) 909(+1)
2020-12-29
28,350(+13) 909(=)
2020-12-30
28,381(+31) 909(=)
2020-12-31
28,408(+27) 909(=)
2021-01-01
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2021-01-02
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2021-01-03
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2021-01-04
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2021-01-05
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2021-01-06
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2021-01-07
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2021-01-08
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2021-01-09
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2021-01-10
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2021-01-11
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2021-01-12
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2021-01-14
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2021-01-15
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2021-01-16
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2021-01-17
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2021-01-18
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2021-01-19
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2021-01-20
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2021-01-21
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2021-01-22
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2021-01-23
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2021-01-24
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2021-01-25
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2021-01-26
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2021-01-27
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2021-01-28
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2021-01-29
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2021-01-31
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2021-02-01
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2021-02-02
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2021-02-03
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2021-02-04
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2021-02-06
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2021-02-07
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2021-02-08
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2021-02-09
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2021-02-10
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2021-02-11
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2021-02-12
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2021-02-13
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2021-02-14
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2021-02-15
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2021-02-16
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2021-02-18
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2021-02-19
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2021-02-20
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2021-02-21
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2021-02-22
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2021-02-23
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2021-02-24
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2021-02-25
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2021-02-26
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2021-02-27
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2021-02-28
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2021-03-01
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2021-03-03
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2021-03-04
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2021-04-11
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2021-04-12
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2021-04-13
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2021-04-14
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2021-04-15
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2021-04-16
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2021-04-21
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2021-05-15
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2021-07-16
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2021-07-18
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2021-07-21
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2021-07-22
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2021-07-23
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2021-07-24
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2021-07-25
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2021-07-26
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2021-07-27
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2021-07-28
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2021-07-29
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2021-07-30
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2021-07-31
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2021-08-01
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2021-08-02
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2021-08-03
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2021-08-04
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2021-08-05
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2021-08-11
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2021-08-12
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2021-08-13
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2021-08-16
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2021-08-18
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2021-08-19
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2021-08-21
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2021-08-22
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2021-08-23
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2021-08-24
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2021-08-25
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2021-08-26
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2021-08-27
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2022-07-13
8,605,813(+44,242) 10,437(+52)
2022-07-14
8,653,018(+47,205) 10,518(+81)
2022-07-15
8,696,288(+43,270) 10,582(+64)
2022-07-16
8,735,677(+39,389) 10,659(+77)
2022-07-17
8,773,576(+37,899) 10,689(+30)
2022-07-18
8,812,682(+39,106) 10,719(+30)
2022-07-19
8,863,178(+50,496) 10,794(+75)
2022-07-20
8,912,149(+48,971) 10,879(+85)
2022-07-21
8,967,138(+54,989) 10,968(+89)
2022-07-22
9,020,385(+53,247) 11,032(+64)
2022-07-23
9,065,275(+44,890) 11,134(+102)
2022-07-24
9,102,966(+37,691) 11,172(+38)
2022-07-25
9,139,473(+36,507) 11,200(+28)
2022-07-26
9,186,102(+46,629) 11,304(+104)
2022-07-27
9,235,681(+49,579) 11,387(+83)
2022-07-28
9,282,006(+46,325) 11,512(+125)
2022-07-29
9,327,251(+45,245) 11,669(+157)
2022-07-30
9,377,331(+50,080) 11,805(+136)
2022-07-31
9,407,635(+30,304) 11,846(+41)
2022-08-01
9,440,677(+33,042) 11,864(+18)
2022-08-02
9,476,145(+35,468) 11,961(+97)
2022-08-03
9,517,112(+40,967) 12,026(+65)
2022-08-04
9,554,404(+37,292) 12,119(+93)
2022-08-05
9,586,984(+32,580) 12,200(+81)
2022-08-06
9,615,463(+28,479) 12,289(+89)
2022-08-07
9,635,911(+20,448) 12,321(+32)
2022-08-08
9,658,112(+22,201) 12,335(+14)
2022-08-09
9,684,642(+26,530) 12,437(+102)
2022-08-10
9,711,971(+27,329) 12,568(+131)
2022-08-11
9,737,209(+25,238) 12,653(+85)
2022-08-12
9,760,161(+22,952) 12,739(+86)
2022-08-13
9,780,286(+20,125) 12,828(+89)
2022-08-14
9,795,953(+15,667) 12,859(+31)
2022-08-15
9,810,447(+14,494) 12,886(+27)
2022-08-16
9,830,302(+19,855) 12,959(+73)
2022-08-17
9,851,006(+20,704) 13,021(+62)
2022-08-18
9,870,724(+19,718) 13,156(+135)
2022-08-19
9,887,673(+16,949) 13,229(+73)
2022-08-20
9,902,772(+15,099) 13,320(+91)
2022-08-21
9,912,866(+10,094) 13,356(+36)
2022-08-22
9,924,405(+11,539) 13,362(+6)
2022-08-23
9,933,888(+9,483) 13,460(+98)
2022-08-24
9,949,239(+15,351) 13,506(+46)
2022-08-25
9,963,215(+13,976) 13,594(+88)
2022-08-26
9,976,587(+13,372) 13,648(+54)
2022-08-27
9,987,913(+11,326) 13,734(+86)
2022-08-28
9,997,168(+9,255) 13,749(+15)
2022-08-29
10,005,856(+8,688) 13,759(+10)
2022-08-30
10,017,917(+12,061) 13,834(+75)
2022-08-31
10,031,149(+13,232) 13,903(+69)
2022-09-01
10,042,859(+11,710) 13,957(+54)
2022-09-02
10,052,245(+9,386) 14,014(+57)
2022-09-03
10,060,908(+8,663) 14,053(+39)
2022-09-04
10,066,727(+5,819) 14,067(+14)
2022-09-05
10,075,747(+9,020) 14,077(+10)
2022-09-06
10,085,040(+9,293) 14,152(+75)
2022-09-07
10,094,946(+9,906) 14,214(+62)
2022-09-08
10,103,577(+8,631) 14,288(+74)
2022-09-09
10,111,728(+8,151) 14,421(+133)
⋮
10,111,728(=) 14,421(=)
2022-09-16
10,155,886(+44,158) 14,711(+290)
⋮
10,155,886(=) 14,711(=)
2022-09-23
10,200,667(+44,781) 14,889(+178)
⋮
10,200,667(=) 14,889(=)
2022-09-30
10,238,227(+37,560) 15,169(+280)
⋮
10,238,227(=) 15,169(=)
2022-10-07
10,274,479(+36,252) 15,358(+189)
⋮
10,274,479(=) 15,358(=)
2022-10-14
10,308,168(+33,689) 15,468(+110)
⋮
10,308,168(=) 15,468(=)
2022-10-21
10,340,802(+32,634) 15,553(+85)
⋮
10,340,802(=) 15,553(=)
2022-10-28
10,374,125(+33,323) 15,657(+104)
⋮
10,374,125(=) 15,657(=)
2022-11-04
10,415,381(+41,256) 15,776(+119)
⋮
10,415,381(=) 15,776(=)
2022-11-11
10,476,221(+60,840) 15,859(+83)
⋮
10,476,221(=) 15,859(=)
2022-11-18
10,552,678(+76,457) 15,967(+108)
⋮
10,552,678(=) 15,967(=)
2022-11-25
10,641,233(+88,555) 16,090(+123)
⋮
10,641,233(=) 16,090(=)
2022-12-02
10,743,934(+102,701) 16,224(+134)
⋮
10,743,934(=) 16,224(=)
2022-12-09
10,853,888(+109,954) 16,441(+217)
⋮
10,853,888(=) 16,441(=)
2022-12-16
10,966,207(+112,319) 16,673(+232)
⋮
10,966,207(=) 16,673(=)
2022-12-23
11,072,123(+105,916) 16,915(+242)
⋮
11,072,123(=) 16,915(=)
2022-12-30
11,138,757(+66,634) 17,033(+118)
⋮
11,138,757(=) 17,033(=)
2023-01-06
11,205,520(+66,763) 17,304(+271)
⋮
11,205,520(=) 17,304(=)
2023-01-13
11,247,412(+41,892) 17,712(+408)
⋮
11,247,412(=) 17,712(=)
2023-01-20
11,274,262(+26,850) 18,092(+380)
⋮
11,274,262(=) 18,092(=)
2023-01-27
11,295,446(+21,184) 18,615(+523)
⋮
11,295,446(=) 18,615(=)
2023-02-03
11,312,904(+17,458) 18,828(+213)
⋮
11,312,904(=) 18,828(=)
2023-02-10
11,330,342(+17,438) 19,070(+242)
⋮
11,330,342(=) 19,070(=)
2023-02-17
11,347,698(+17,356) 19,265(+195)
⋮
11,347,698(=) 19,265(=)
2023-02-24
11,366,361(+18,663) 19,373(+108)
⋮
11,366,361(=) 19,373(=)
2023-03-03
11,385,534(+19,173) 19,459(+86)
⋮
11,385,534(=) 19,459(=)
2023-03-10
11,255,270(-130,264) 19,591(+132)
⋮
11,255,270(=) 19,591(=)
2023-03-17
11,277,613(+22,343) 19,690(+99)
⋮
11,277,613(=) 19,690(=)
2023-03-24
11,301,219(+23,606) 19,760(+70)
⋮
11,301,219(=) 19,760(=)
2023-03-31
11,327,773(+26,554) 19,856(+96)
⋮
11,327,773(=) 19,856(=)
2023-04-07
11,353,710(+25,937) 19,933(+77)
⋮
11,353,710(=) 19,933(=)
2023-04-14
11,381,793(+28,083) 20,049(+116)
⋮
11,381,793(=) 20,049(=)
2023-04-21
11,411,267(+29,474) 20,159(+110)
Values from 5 April from the Australian Government Department of Health, reported by 3:00pm AEST daily.[42][43] Active cases from 20 July from the Australian Government Department of Health, reported by 9:00pm AEST daily.[2] Values before 5 April from reliable sources. Cases that are no longer active (Infectious) and aren't recovered are classified as Not Infectious, as they may still suffer from the impacts of the disease (As of 25 July 2021, non-infectious cases are simply reported as recovered).
Cases
Cases
Deaths
Deaths

On 23 January 2020, biosecurity officials began screening arrivals on flights from Wuhan to Sydney.[44] Two days later the first case of a SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported, that of a Chinese citizen who arrived from Guangzhou on 19 January. The patient was tested and received treatment in Melbourne.[5][45] On the same day, three other patients tested positive in Sydney after returning from Wuhan.[46][47][48]

First wave: March–April 2020

Australia reported its 100th case on 10 March 2020 roughly corresponding to the start of Australia's first wave.[49] Case numbers and deaths continued to climb during March and April, but by late April the first wave had effectively ended. On 6 June, both New South Wales and Victoria reported no new cases for the previous 24 hours, with only Queensland and Western Australia reporting one new (international) case each, the lowest national total since February.[50]

Second wave: June–October 2020

On 20 June, the Victorian Government announced the re-tightening of restrictions on household gatherings following a spike in community transmitted cases over the previous week, reported to be mainly caused by family-to-family transmission in large household gatherings. Most easing of restrictions that were to take place were postponed.[51] The same day restrictions were re-tightened in Victoria, the Western Australian Government announced the state would move into "Phase 4" from 27 June, permitting some of the most relaxed restrictions in the country.[52]

On 26 October, the "second wave" ended when Victoria recorded zero new cases and zero deaths statewide for the first time since 9 June.[53][54] On the same day, Daniel Andrews announced a significant easing of restrictions to take effect over the coming weeks. From 11.59 pm on 27 October, people no longer required a reason to leave home, all retail, restaurants, hotels, cafes and bars were allowed to open with capacity limits, beauty, personal services and tattooing were allowed to reopen, outdoor community sport for under 18 and outdoor non-contact sport for adults recommenced, a maximum of 10 people were allowed to attend weddings, a maximum of 20 mourners were allowed to attend funerals, and faith and religious gatherings were allowed to resume, subject to patron limitations.[54] With a length of 112 days, this Victorian COVID-19 lockdown was the longest continuous lockdown world-wide, as of October 2020.[55]

Third wave: June 2021 – October 2021

Victoria recorded no deaths between late October 2020 and August 2021.[56][57] New South Wales recorded their first death of the 2021 wave on 10 July 2021.

On 18 June in NSW, a SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant COVID-19 cluster in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs had grown to 4 cases.[58] On 25 June in NSW, after 22 new cases of the Delta variant brought infections linked to the Bondi cluster to 65 total, an initial lockdown was announced for four Sydney local government areas (LGAs).[59]

New South Wales recorded its "worst day" of its continuing June 2021 outbreak of the COVID-19 Delta variant on 29 August 2021, with six deaths, and a record 1,218 new local confirmed cases.[60] Whilst the daily number of cases continues to increase, at the time this was the highest daily confirmed case total Australia had received on a single day, surpassing Victoria's record in the previous wave. However, the recorded COVID-19 deaths is significantly lower than the 41 daily deaths recorded in Victoria during its peak.[61]

On 30 August in NSW, the Ministry of Health reported four deaths in the previous 24 hours of people confirmed to have had COVID-19.[62] One of them, a man in his 50s who died at Dubbo Hospital, is believed to be the first Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander COVID-19 related death. He was not vaccinated.[63] The total number of COVID related deaths in NSW reached 149 since the beginning of the pandemic, and 93 during the NSW Delta outbreak.[62] The official national death toll broke 1,000 at 1,002.[64]

On 31 August in Victoria, the deaths of two women were reported, the first COVID deaths in that state since 30 November 2020, which ended a nine-month streak with no fatalities.[65][56]

On 3 October 2021, Melbourne surpassed Buenos Aires as the city with the most cumulative days spent in lockdown in the entire world, having spent 245 days in lockdown since the start of the pandemic.[66] The sixth lockdown ended in Melbourne at midnight on 21 October 2021 after a record 262 cumulative days throughout the pandemic.[67] The lockdown in Sydney ended on 11 October 2021 after 106 days, following the initial Delta variant outbreak.[68]

Australia began to re-open to the world from 1 November 2021, with vaccinated Australian citizens and permanent residents allowed to enter NSW and Victoria without being restricted by strict flight cap numbers or long hotel quarantine stays from that date.[69]

On 8 November, Queensland premier Annastacia Palaszczuk announced that as of 17 December, all eligible unvaccinated citizens over the age of 16 would be banned from pubs, clubs, cafes, restaurants, cinemas, theatres, music festivals and stadiums, government-owned galleries, museums and libraries, and they would not be allowed to visit hospitals, aged care facilities, prisons or disability services, among other restrictions. The premier described this as "a reward for the fully vaccinated and a precaution for when the borders open", and stated that restrictions were expected to continue into 2022.[70][71]

Omicron wave: November 2021 – February 2022

On 28 November 2021, NSW Health confirmed that two returned travellers had tested positive for the new Omicron COVID-19 variant in Sydney, making them the first known cases of the strain in Australia.[72] On 29 November, a positive case of the Omicron variant was recorded at the Howard Springs quarantine facility, from a return traveller who arrived at Darwin on 25 November from Johannesburg, South Africa.[73] The same day, two passengers who had flown to Sydney from southern Africa via Singapore also tested positive for the Omicron variant.[74]

On 30 November, a positive case of the Omicron variant was recorded in Sydney. The person had visited southern Africa before arriving in Sydney prior to travel restrictions, and was subsequently active in the community in Sydney and the Central Coast.[75]

On 3 December, a positive Omicron variant case was confirmed in the ACT.[76]

Most public health restrictions were lifted in December 2021, after 90% of the Australian population were vaccinated.[31] The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant drove a record rise in infections, leading to New South Wales to have one of the highest infection rates worldwide.[77]

2022

On 18 January 2022, 77 COVID-19 deaths were reported in Australia, the highest number to that point far, though not all had occurred on the same day (17 January). There were 36 in New South Wales, 22 in Victoria, 16 in Queensland, 2 in South Australia, and 1 in the Australian Capital Territory.[78]

On 22 January 2022, Australia exceeded 3,000 deaths related to COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic.[79]

By 4 February 2022, 4,000 COVID-19 related deaths were exceeded.[80] This increased to 5,000 by 23 February.[81]

On 21 February 2022 border restrictions were removed for all vaccinated people, including non-citizens such as tourists and new immigrants, effectively opening Australia up to the world.[82] On 18 April 2022 further restrictions on international travel that had been imposed under the Biosecurity Act were removed, allowing cruise ships to operate in Australia for the first time in over 2 years (although only in states where the state government was willing to allow cruise ships, such as NSW, Queensland and Victoria).[83]

In May the requirement to wear a mask in the airport was removed.[84]

On 9 September 2022 a host of restrictions were removed. This included the requirement to wear masks on aircraft, in Western Australia the requirement to wear masks on passenger transport was removed as well. The COVID-19 mandatory isolation period was also reduced to 5 days[85]

On 21 September 2022 South Australia, New South Wales, Queensland ended the mask mandate on passenger transport

On 22 September 2022 Victoria ended the mask mandate on passenger transport.[86]

On 14 October 2022 the mandatory COVID-19 isolation period was scrapped entirely and replaced with recommendations.[87]

Public Health Emergencies, Pandemic declerations and States of Emergencies were ended in each states over the following month with Victoria on 13 October,[87] Queensland on 1 November,[88] Western Australia on 4 November,[89] Northern Territory on 11 November,[90] South Australia on 23 November,[91] New South Wales on 30 November[92] and the Australian Capital Territory on 28 February 2023.[93]

Post pandemic

On 23 June 2023, Queensland ended the COVID-19 traffic light advice as the disease became managed in-line with other viral diseases.[94]

Statistics

COVID-19 pandemic in Australia by state and territory
Location[a] Cases[b] Deaths Recoveries Active[c] Hospital[d] Tests Notes Ref.
12 / 12 6,635,645 7,807 6,239,947 387,891 3,101 70,938,962 [95]
Australian Capital Territory 119,548 58 113,046 6,444 75 1,088,553 [96][97]
New South Wales 2,447,877 2,970 2,308,016 136,891 1,437 31,514,416 [e][f] [98][99]
Northern Territory 68,139 46 66,131 1,962 22 1,088,553 [g] [100]
Queensland 1,089,495 940 1,047,736 40,819 435 7,452,195 [101]
South Australia 464,841 403 437,598 26,840 248 4,745,163 [102]
Tasmania 150,983 65 144,841 6,077 44 662,730 [h] [103]
Victoria 1,734,100 3,138 1,651,038 79,924 526 20,794,566 [104]
Western Australia 560,662 187 471,541 88,934 314 3,592,786 [105]
Norfolk Island 515 0 451 64 38 1,054 [106][107]
Jervis Bay Territory 4 0 — — — — [108]
Christmas Island 33 0 33 0 — — [109]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 27 0 26 1 — — [109]
Updated May 16, 2022
  1. ^ Diagnosed in Australia; nationality and location of original infection may vary. Data sourced from state and federal governments; where there are inconsistencies, federal reporting takes precedence. Under National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System reporting requirements, cases are reported based on their Australian jurisdiction of residence rather than where they were detected.
  2. ^ Cumulative reported confirmed cases at time of update. Actual case numbers may be higher.
  3. ^ Active cases based on state definition of active. Does not necessarily equate to the total cases minus deaths and recoveries.
  4. ^ Cumulative hospitalisations. There are around 95,000 hospital beds in Australia (3.8 beds/1000 people).
  5. ^ NSW reporting two Queenslanders who died in NSW.
  6. ^ NSW total cases and recoveries include 189 historical cases in crew members on board a ship that were subsequently classified as Australian cases and included in NSW totals.
  7. ^ NT reporting one extra case and recovery.
  8. ^ Federal and Tasmanian reporting differ by 2 fewer cases.

Clusters

Main article: COVID-19 clusters in Australia

The largest cluster in Australia from the start of the pandemic until 5 November 2021, when Australia reached its 80 percent vaccination target and entered the consolidation phase of its COVID-19 transition plan, was the Flemington/North Melbourne public housing cluster with 310 cases.[110] The deadliest cluster in Australia was at St Basil's Homes for the Aged in Victoria, where 45 residents died.[111]

Responses

See also: Biosecurity in Australia and Biosecurity Act 2015

Australia pursued a zero-COVID strategy until late 2021; the stated goal of the National Cabinet was "suppression", meaning continually trying to drive community transmission to zero but expecting that new outbreaks may occur.[112][14][15] This was in contrast to the mitigation strategies implemented by most other nations. Compared to other Western countries, notably the United States and European countries, Australia's handling has been commended for its effectiveness, but has been criticised by some for its curbing of civil liberties.[113][114][115][116] Distinctive aspects of that response included early interventions to reduce reflected transmission from countries other than China during late January and February 2020; early recruitment of a large contact tracing workforce;[117] comparatively high public trust in government responses to the pandemic, at least compared to the US[118] and later on, the use of short, intense lockdowns to facilitate exhaustive contact tracing of new outbreaks.[119][120] Australia's international borders have also remained largely closed, with limited numbers of arrivals strictly controlled, for the duration of the pandemic.[16] Australia sought to develop a Bluetooth-based contact tracing app that does not use the privacy-preserving Exposure Notification framework supported natively by Android and Apple smartphones, and while these efforts were not particularly effective,[121][122][123] QR code-based contact tracing apps became ubiquitous in Australia's businesses.[124][125][126] These apps, which are effectively required by State Governments, give government health departments the ability to reconstruct the presence and possible contacts of anyone carrying a mobile telephone handset that was capable of checking-in using a QR code at the time of visiting shops, bars, restaurants or similar venues,[127][128][129] generally for 28 days after the visit.[130] Furthermore, venues are required to provide alternative contact registration for anyone unable to use the app.

Travel restrictions

Percentage of fully vaccinated people and international travel during Covid-19. It is visible that Australia opened the borders when most of the population was vaccinated.
Percentage of fully vaccinated people and international travel during Covid-19.
COVID-19 travel restrictions for Australians and permanent residents

2020

On 1 February 2020, Australia banned the entry of foreign nationals who had been in mainland China, and ordered its own returning citizens who had been in China to self-quarantine for 14 days.[131] The country also began to assess the relative risk of reflected transmission through third countries,[132] and to ask travelers arriving from higher-risk countries to monitor for symptoms. Australia subsequently imposed bans on Iran (1 March),[133] South Korea (5 March),[134] and Italy (11 March).[135] From 16 March, all travellers arriving in or returning to Australia were required to self-isolate for 14 days.[136] Failure to self-isolate could result in a fine of A$11,000 to A$50,000 and a possible prison sentence, depending on the state.[137] Cruise ships were also barred from docking in the country for 30 days.[138][139]

On 20 March, Australia closed its borders to all non-residents and non-Australian citizens.[7][140] With limited exceptions, a ban was imposed on Australians travelling overseas.[141]

By late March 2020, 62% of Australia's more than 3,000 coronavirus cases were among people who had returned from overseas. From then, Australians returning from overseas were subject to two weeks compulsory quarantine in hotels. The New South Wales quarantine program was helped by 150 Australian Defence Force personnel, including 30 who were stationed at hotels. In Victoria, three private security operators were contracted to provide the security,[8] while the other states and territories used their police resources. The states and territories carried the costs of hotel quarantine.[142] By 19 June, since the policy came into force 81,000 people had entered Australia. Of those, 63,000 had undergone hotel quarantine, while the rest, including flight crews, international businesspeople and defence members, fell under different rules.[143] Hotel quarantine had cost $118 million as at 19 June.[144]

Interstate border closures began on 19 March, with Tasmania imposing a mandatory 14-day quarantine on all "non-essential" travellers to the state, including returning residents.[145] On 24 March, Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory closed their borders, with all interstate arrivals being required to self-isolate for 14 days.[146] On 11 April, Queensland banned interstate arrivals, with only Queensland residents and those granted 'exemption' being allowed entry.[147] On 8 July, the Victorian and NSW governments, jointly closed their common border, following a large spike in cases in parts of Melbourne.[148]

With the spike in coronavirus infections in Victoria linked to the hotel quarantine program, a judicial inquiry into the program in Victoria was called on 2 July; and all international arrivals into Melbourne were suspended.[149] On 9 July, other state and territory leaders agreed to reduce flights and arrivals into Australia from 8,000 to 4,000 a week to ease the burden on the hotel quarantine system. States started to charge travellers for hotel quarantine.[144][150] In mid-September, the states agreed to increase the number of arrivals to 6,000 a week, to help in the repatriation of tens of thousands of Australians stranded overseas.[151] By 15 December 2020, 39,000 Australians were registered with the government as stranded, with more unregistered (as the government advised registration only for those needing assistance to return). After repeated flight cancellations and without access to government-provided health care or welfare benefits, many families reported being forced to overstay visas, and burn down savings and incur debt to pay for accommodations. Having to pay thousands of dollars for return tickets and mandatory hotel quarantine, some chose to send one family member back to resume work and earn enough money to pay the way of the rest.[152] Between 13 March and 15 July 2020, more than 357,000 people returned to Australia.[153] As of 15 January 2021 over 37,000 Australians were stranded abroad.[154] On 29 January 2021, the ability of Australians stuck overseas to return was further hampered when the UK banned direct flights from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the possible spread of the South African COVID-19 variant. Both Etihad Airways and Emirates airlines are UAE-based.[155]

An overnight curfew was introduced in Victoria on 2 August 2020, extended on 13 September and suspended on 27 September. A Supreme Court judge has ruled the curfew was legal.[156]

2021

On 25 January 2021, Health Minister Greg Hunt suspended Australia's travel bubble with New Zealand for a period of 72 hours after New Zealand authorities confirmed a community transmission case in the country's Northland Region.[157][158] On 28 January the suspension of the travel bubble was extended for 3 more days.[159]

On 5 February 2021, National Cabinet decided to increase the number of international passenger arrivals to Australia as from mid-February. New South Wales returned to a weekly cap of 3,010 people and Queensland to 1,000. South Australia increased by 40 people a week to 530, and Victoria by almost 200 to 1,310. Western Australia remained at a reduced arrival cap. The total national weekly cap of 4,100 increased to approximately 6,300.[160]

On 11 February 2021, the airline Cathay Pacific decided that, excepting Sydney, from 20 February it would cease all flights to Australia until the end of the month. This was in response to the Hong Kong government's new COVID rules requiring Hong Kong based aircrew to quarantine for 14 days on return to HK.[161]

On 24 February, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria suspended their travel bubble arrangements with New Zealand in response to a recent community outbreak in South Auckland. As a result, New Zealanders traveling to these states would have to enter quarantine.[162]

On 2 March 2021, the general closure of Australia's international borders to travel was extended another three months to 17 June 2021. Australia's borders had now already been closed for 12 months. The border could reopen earlier if the closure was "no longer needed".[163] Despite the border closure, between 25 March and 31 December 2020 over 105,000 exemptions were approved for people to leave Australia.[164]

By April 2021, there were still about 40,000 Australians stranded overseas by the high cost of plane tickets and the cap on the number of people in the quarantine system, which was criticised for special treatment of sportspeople and celebrities.[165] Australia was chastised by the United Nations Human Rights Committee, which requested a prompt return for the country's citizens; the government has given out A$29 million to about 3,900 stranded people as a last resort, and operated 28 repatriation flights.[166]

On 23 April, Prime Minister Morrison announced that travellers to Australia from "high risk" countries, in particular India, were to be reduced by 30 per cent.[167] This decision was based on an increase in positive results for COVID-19 among travellers from India at the Howard Springs, Northern Territory quarantine facility. Travel to such countries was also to be limited.[168]

In general, the border restrictions had had broad public support, though critics suggested safety could be improved by constructing more outdoor quarantine centres rather than relying on urban hotels, which had suffered 16 leaks to the surrounding communities as of April 2021, out of about half a million quarantined. The government did not have an ordered queue of returnees; outside of repatriation flights, the order in which people returned was determined by commercial airlines, resulting in Australian citizens making up fewer than half of incoming travellers in February 2021.[169]

On 27 April, due to the "record-breaking" outbreak of COVID-19 in India, with 323,000 new infections that day after five days with new cases peaking above 350,000, and another 2,771 COVID deaths there, the Federal Government "paused" all incoming flights from India until at least 15 May. The pause includes repatriation flights into the Howard Springs quarantine facility near Darwin with more than 9,000 Australians in India at this date wanting to come to Australia.[170]

Late on 30 April, the Federal Government announced a ban on Australian citizens and permanent residents in India from entering Australia via any route. These measures came into effect on 3 May and would remain in force until 15 May.[171] Breaches would be subject to punishment under the Biosecurity Act 2015,[172] with penalties for breaches including up to five years' jail, a fine of A$66,600,or both.[173] Foreign Minister Marise Payne reported that 57% of positive cases in quarantine had come from India in April, compared with 10% in March. Unlike the prior travel bans imposed in 2020 on Iran, South Korea and Italy, and the interstate travel bans regularly imposed as outbreaks occur, the move was branded as racist by some critics,[174] and a potential breach of international human rights law.[175] On 3 May 2021 the government announced that it would review this decision earlier than originally intended, possibly within the same week.[173] There were about 9,000 Australian citizens in India, of whom 650 were considered vulnerable.[172]

On 26 June 2021 at 8:30 pm (AEST), due to multiple outbreaks across Australia of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, New Zealand immediately paused trans-Tasman travel with Australia until 10 pm (AEST) on 30 June.[176]

On 2 July, National Cabinet decided that from 14 July, the number of airline passengers allowed into Australia would be capped at 3,035, half what it was before. The Victorian, Western Australian and Queensland governments had been advocating a large decrease in incoming passenger numbers because of the highly infectious nature of the Delta COVID strain. More repatriation flights to the Howard Springs quarantine facility were to be organised in response.[177]

The states would receive passengers thus:

  • Sydney: 1,505
  • Perth: 265
  • Adelaide: 265
  • Melbourne: 500
  • Brisbane: 500 (additional 150 surge capacity)[178]

On 1 November, Australia began to re-open to the world, with vaccinated Australian citizens and permanent residents allowed to enter NSW and Victoria without being restricted by strict flight cap numbers or long hotel quarantine stays.[179] Other states and territories followed over the next few months.

2022

On 21 February 2022, border restrictions were removed for all vaccinated people, including non-citizens such as tourists and new immigrants, effectively opening Australia up to the world.[180]

On 18 April 2022 further restrictions on international travel that had been imposed under the Biosecurity Act were removed, allowing cruise ships to operate in Australia for the first time in over 2 years (although only in states where the state government was willing to allow cruise ships, such as NSW, Queensland and Victoria).[181]

National Cabinet

Main article: National Cabinet (Australia)

On 13 March 2020, the National Cabinet, a form of national crisis cabinet akin to a war cabinet, was created following a meeting of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG). This is the first time such a cabinet has been proclaimed since World War II,[182] and the only time in Australian history that a crisis cabinet has included state and territory leaders.[183] The cabinet consists of the premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories and meets weekly during the crisis.[184] At its first meeting on 13 March, the National Cabinet announced that gatherings of more than 500 people should be cancelled from 15 March. Schools, universities, workplaces, public transport and airports were not included in this recommendation.[183] Prime Minister Morrison also announced that he intended to attend a Rugby League match on 14 March; "I do still plan to go to the football on Saturday"[183][185] but later decided against attending the match.

On 29 March, the Cabinet agreed to stricter limits to apply from midnight on 30 March: a limit on both indoor and outdoor gatherings of two people except weddings (5) and funerals (10), and people of the same household or family; strong guidance to all Australians is to stay home unless for necessary shopping, health care, exercise, and work and study that can't be done remotely; public playgrounds, skate parks and outside gyms to be closed. It was left to individual states to enforce these guidelines. They also agreed to a moratorium on evictions for six months for both commercial and residential tenancies suffering financial distress.[186]

On 2 April 2020, the Federal government announced the temporary provision of free childcare so that people could continue working, and to prevent closure of childcare centres. The Government paid half each centre's operating costs.[187] The free childcare ended on 12 July, and the previous Child Care Subsidy was reintroduced.[188]

Human biosecurity emergency declaration

On 18 March 2020[189] a human biosecurity emergency was declared in Australia owing to the risks to human health posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, after a National Security Committee meeting the previous day. The Biosecurity Act 2015 specifies that the Governor-General may declare such an emergency exists if the Health Minister (currently Greg Hunt) is satisfied that "a listed human disease is posing a severe and immediate threat, or is causing harm, to human health on a nationally significant scale". This gives the minister sweeping powers, including imposing restrictions or preventing the movement of people and goods between specified places, and evacuations.[190] The Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration 2020 was declared by the Governor-General, David Hurley, under Section 475 of the Act.[189] The Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Emergency Requirements) Determination 2020, made by the Health Minister on the same day, forbids international cruise ships from entering Australian ports.[191] This ban remains in place until 17 December 2021 at the earliest.[192][193] [needs update]

A social distancing rule of four square metres (43 sq ft) per person in any enclosed space was agreed by National Cabinet on 20 March, to be implemented through State and Territory laws.[194][195] On 22 March 2020, the State governments of New South Wales and Victoria imposed a mandatory closure of non-essential services,[12] while the Governments of Western Australia and South Australia imposed border closures.[196]

On 22 March Morrison announced a closure of places of social gathering, including registered and licensed clubs, licensed premises in hotels and bars, entertainment venues, including but not restricted to cinemas, casinos and nightclubs and places of worship. Cafes and restaurants could remain open but were limited to takeaway food. Similarly, enclosed spaces for funerals and things of that nature would have to follow the strict four-square-metre rule. These measures (labelled stage 1 in anticipation of possible future measures)[197] were effective immediately at midday, 23 March.[198][199] Morrison stated that he would like schools to remain open, but parents could keep children at home if they wished to.[200]

On 25 March 2020, the Health Minister made a second determination under the Biosecurity Act 2015, the Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Overseas Travel Ban Emergency Requirements) Determination 2020, which "forbids Australian citizens and permanent residents from leaving Australian territory by air or sea as a passenger".[191] On the same day, the Prime Minister announced a further set of restrictions, labelled stage 2 restrictions, effective midnight that night. These involved mainly smaller businesses, such as nail salons and tattoo parlours, while some, such as personal training sessions, were limited to 10 people. At the same time, other gatherings were restricted, such as weddings (5 people) and funerals (10 people).[201]

At 12:00 am on Tuesday 31 March, restrictions were announced on indoor and outdoor gatherings, which were called stage 3 by the media, although the label "stage 3" was not part of the official announcement. The new rule limited gatherings to two people, although it did not apply to members of the same household.[202]

On 14 April, the Federal government announced the "COVIDSafe" digital contact tracing app.[203]

On 25 April 2020, the Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) (Emergency Requirements—Public Health Contact Information) Determination 2020, made under subsection 477(1) of the Act, was signed into law by the Health Minister.[204] The purpose of the new legislation was "to make contact tracing faster and more effective by encouraging public acceptance and uptake of COVIDSafe", COVIDSafe being the new mobile app created for the purpose. The function of the app was to record contact between any two people who both had the app on their phones when they come within 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) of each other. The encrypted data would remain on the phone for 21 days of not encountering a person logged with confirmed COVID-19.[205]

On 3 September 2020, the human biosecurity emergency period under the Biosecurity Act 2015 was extended until 17 December.[206][207]

National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board

Main article: National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board

On 25 March, the National COVID-19 Coordination Commission (NCCC) was established by the Prime Minister as a strategic advisory body for the national response to the pandemic.[208][209] (On 27 July 2020, the Prime Minister renamed the organisation to the "National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board" (NCC).[210]) The NCC's role includes providing advice on public-private partnerships and coordination to mitigate the social and economic impacts of the pandemic.[211][212]

On 29 March, Prime Minister Morrison announced in a press conference following a National Cabinet meeting that public gatherings would be limited to two people, while also urging Australians over the age of 70, Australians with chronic illness over the age of 60 and Indigenous Australians over the age of 50 to stay home and self-isolate.[213] Morrison also clarified that there were only four acceptable reasons for Australians to leave their houses: shopping for essentials; for medical or compassionate needs; exercise in compliance with the public gathering restriction of two people; and for work or education purposes.[214]

National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce

In March 2020 the National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce was set up, which is an independent consortium of 34 national peak clinical groups. Hundreds of health professionals from around the country review the latest research on the disease, and maintain evidence-based data and recommendations for clinicians to enable them to provide the best care for people with COVID-19. Initial funding came from the Commonwealth Department of Health, Victorian Department of Health, the Ian Potter Foundation, the Walter Cottman Endowment Fund, and the Lord Mayors' Charitable Foundation. As of September 2022 it is funded by the Commonwealth Department of Health.[215][216]

Vaccine supply

The Australian government entered into agreements with Pfizer/BioNTech, University of Oxford/AstraZeneca, Novavax, the University of Queensland and COVAX for the supply of vaccines.[217] The University of Queensland vaccine was abandoned in December 2020 after trials revealed that, while it was safe, it triggered false positives on HIV tests.[218][219] The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) provisionally approved the Pfizer vaccine in January 2021.[220] The Australian government ordered 10 million doses, with the first 80,000 to be delivered in February 2021, but production problems and the imposition of export controls by the European Union (EU) onto deliveries to countries outside Europe made meeting the delivery schedule problematic.[221]

Delivery issues also affected deliveries of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, which was provisionally approved by the TGA in February,[222] and received final approval in March.[223] Orders were reduced from 3.8 million to 1.2 million doses of this vaccine, which was manufactured in Belgium,[221][224] and arrival was pushed back to March 2021.[225] CSL Limited began manufacturing 50 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine in Melbourne in November 2020. Deliveries were expected to commence in March.[226] The AstraZeneca vaccine could be stored at normal refrigeration temperatures of 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F), whereas the Pfizer vaccine required storage at −70 °C (−94 °F).[225] However, concerns were raised about the efficacy of the AstraZeneca vaccine.[227][228] The Immunology & Cell Biology called for a pause in its rollout, as the efficacy of the vaccine reported by trials was insufficient to achieve the desired herd immunity effect.[229] CSL management declined an invitation to appear before an Australian Senate inquiry.[230]

Although the Prime Minister of Australia, Scott Morrison, said that Australia would be "at the front of the queue",[231] and the Minister for Health and Aged Care, Greg Hunt, claimed that Australia would be among the first countries to receive COVID-19 vaccines, 61 other countries had already commenced vaccinating their citizens by the end of January 2021, while the Australian vaccination rollout was not scheduled to commence for another month.[230]

On 15 February 2021, 142,000 doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine arrived in Australia. The first doses were due to be administered on 22 February.[232] The world-wide distribution of the vaccine has been described as "the largest logistics effort in the world since World War" by Dr Roberto Perez-Franco of the Deakin University's Centre for Supply Chain and Logistics.[233] This was followed, on 28 February, by 300,000 doses of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine, which arrived at Sydney airport. It was planned that most Australians would be vaccinated with this vaccine, the majority manufactured in Australia by CSL Limited.[234] On 5 March, Italy and the European Union blocked a shipment of 250,000 doses of the Oxford−AstraZeneca vaccine from Italy to Australia, citing low COVID-19 case numbers in Australia and the limited availability of vaccines in the EU.[235]

Local manufacturing began in November 2020.[236][237] On 16 February, the first vials of COVID-19 vaccine produced in Australia came off the production line at the CSL Behring plant in Broadmeadows, Melbourne.[238] This is the active raw vaccine material. The vaccine vials are filled and packaged into doses by Seqirus, a CSL subsidiary in Parkville, Melbourne.[239] Production of the AstraZeneca vaccine in Australia received its final approval from the TGA on 21 March.[223] Some front line health care workers were reported to have preferred the Pfizer vaccine over the AstraZeneca one.[240]

The Australian government had also signed a deal with Novavax for 51 million doses of its vaccine, with supply originally slated for "mid-2021".[241] As of April 2021, it had yet to be approved by the TGA. It is not manufactured in Australia, so like the other imported vaccines, its availability was uncertain. In trials it was reported to be 95.6 per cent effective against COVID-19, and an 86.3 per cent effective against the variant identified in the UK.[241] Australia's first human trials of a candidate COVID-19 vaccine was Novavax's NVX-CoV2373 which began in Melbourne by 26 May 2020.[242]

In a February 2021 pre-budget submission, the Australian Academy of Science renewed its call for the government to develop the capability to produce mRNA vaccine technology in Australia. The ability to mass-produce such vaccines onshore would insulate Australia against supply shocks, and cater for future pandemics and potential biosecurity situations. The mRNA coronavirus vaccines made by Moderna and Pfizer showed strong results in clinical trials and are expected to be easier to reconfigure to cater for new virus variants than more conventional vaccines.[243][244]

The US Moderna company entered an agreement with the Australian Federal government, announced on 13 May 2021, to provide 25 million doses of its COVID-19 vaccine 'mRNA-1273', subject to TGA approval.[245]

Vaccinations

A COVID-19 vaccination clinic in Canberra
Main article: COVID-19 vaccination in Australia

The first public COVID-19 vaccination in Australia, with the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine, took place on 21 February 2021 in Sydney. An 84-year-old aged care resident was the first Australian to receive the vaccine following TGA approval. Prime Minister Morrison and Chief Medical Officer Professor Paul Kelly also received vaccinations.[22][23]

The first Australian to receive the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine was a doctor in regional South Australia on 5 March 2021 at Murray Bridge Hospital.[246]

More than 2 million COVID-19 vaccinations had been administered in Australia by 28 April 2021, but this was 3 million short of original plans.[247] By 6 June, over 5 million vaccinations had been administered. Approximately 4.45 million were first doses, nearly 570,000 were second doses.[248]

On 5 October 2021, Australia reached 80% of the eligible population (aged 16 and older) having had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine.[249]

Adverse reactions

Further information: Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination and Vaccine adverse event

As of 18 July 2021, there have been a total of over 10.125 million vaccine doses administered of which 41,406 adverse events following vaccination have been reported. However, not all reported adverse events were attributable to and associated with vaccination.[250] The most common adverse effects following immunisation as reported to the TGA are predictable and have been observed with many other vaccines. They include headache, muscle pain, fever, chills and injection site reactions.[250] The TGA reviews reports of deaths in people who have recently been vaccinated and as of 22 July 2021 found six that were linked to immunisation. These deaths were all related to a first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine – five had thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) and one had immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) out of 6.1 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine.[250]

Vaccine hesitancy and messaging

There were calls for a more effective advertising campaign that would go beyond presenting facts that inform,[251] to use of emotion to change people's behaviour to overcome apparent lack of "trust in the government".[252][253] On 23 May 2021 Health Minister Greg Hunt reiterated that a sufficient supply of Pfizer is expected to begin arriving in October, with AMA president Omar Khorshid adding this promised supply means "everyone who wanted it could have both doses by Christmas" of 2021.[254] Nevertheless, government, AMA and ATAGI advice remains for everyone to vaccinate as soon as possible and not to wait, because the (potentially future) risk of community transmission in Australia remains a possibility,[255][254][256] and which until 17 June 2021 over 9 million Australian residents over 50 had to weigh against the 'tiny' risk of death associated with the AstraZeneca vaccine that (according to best data available at the time) was probable to manifest for approximately 9–14 Australians, or approximately 19 Australians according to EMA data.[citation needed]

Health Minister Greg Hunt said on 17 June 2021 that the recommended advice from ATAGI was that the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine should be administered only to people aged 60 years and over. The advice also stated that second doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca were still recommended for those under 60 years of age. Everyone under 60 would be offered the Pfizer vaccine. Hunt stated that about 815,000 Australians between ages 50 and 59 had already received a first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine, with Pfizer now available to the approximately 2.1 million remaining Australians in that age group.[257]

In a survey conducted in June 2021, about 15 percent of respondents not yet vaccinated identified wanting a different vaccine "to what was available to them" as a factor holding them back from getting vaccinated.[258] Since only 18–39 and 60+ year-olds are eligible for one vaccine (i.e., AstraZeneca) but not the other (i.e., Pfizer-BioNTech), making Pfizer-BioNTech available to everyone would obviate one factor holding back vaccination uptake.[259]

National Plan to transition Australia's National COVID-19 Response

This section is an excerpt from COVID-19 vaccination in Australia § Vaccination and Australia's reopening.[edit]

On 30 July 2021, the federal government released a revised four-phase plan to transition Australia's National COVID-19 Response from its current pre-vaccination settings, focussing on continued suppression of community transmission, to post-vaccination settings focussed on prevention of serious illness, hospitalisation and fatality, and the public health management of other infectious diseases. The phases transitions are triggered in a jurisdiction when the average vaccination rates across the nation have reached the threshold and that rate is achieved in a jurisdiction expressed as a percentage of the eligible population (16+), based on the scientific modelling conducted for the COVID-19 Risk Analysis and Response Task Force. As of 6 November 2021, Australia is in phase-Three, which is "Vaccination Consolidation Phase".[260][261]

In a statement by the Prime Minister on 30 July 2021, it was announced that the federal governments and all states and territories had agreed in-principle to the updated plan.[262]

There has been no date set for each phase. The percentage fully vaccinated eligible population to transition into the second phase, Phase B, is 70%, and 80% into the third phase, Phase C.[263][260] No target was decided for Phase D instead being sporadically put into effect from 21 February to 6 July when unvaccinated travellers were freely allowed to enter Australia.[264][265]

On 16 November 2021, the percentage of the eligible adult population aged 16 and older fully vaccinated reached 83.9%.[266]

On 23 March 2022, the percentage of the eligible adult population aged 16 and older fully vaccinated reached 95.0%[267]

National Plan to transition Australia's COVID-19 response[263][260][261]
Measures may include Estimated start date Target percentage of fully vaccinated eligible adult population (16+) [a] Status
Phase One - Vaccinate, prepare and pilot
  • Implement the national vaccination plan to offer every Australian an opportunity to be vaccinated as soon as possible
  • International arrival cap temporarily reduced by 50% (announced with the first version of the plan)
  • Trial of returned vaccinated travellers with home quarantine system and a pilot program of international students
  • International Freight Assistance Mechanism extended
  • Preparation for vaccination booster plan & establishment of digital vaccination passport at Airport
  • Undertake a further review of the national hotel quarantine network
 1 July 2021 – 19 October 2021 Completed Phase Completed
Phase Two - Vaccination Transition Phase
  • Lockdowns less likely but possible
  • Ease in domestic restrictions for vaccinated residents
  • International border caps and low-level international arrivals with safe and proportionate quarantine
  • Restore international arrival cap for unvaccinated travellers and larger cap for vaccinated return travellers
  • Capped entry of International students and economic visa holders
  • Prepare/implement vaccine booster program (depending on timing)
 20 Oct 2021 – 5 Nov 2021 70% Completed Phase Completed
Phase Three - Vaccination Consolidation Phase
  • Highly targeted lockdowns only
  • Exempt vaccinated residents from all domestic restrictions
  • No cap on return of vaccinated travellers
  • Increased capped entry of student, economic, and humanitarian visa holders
  • Lift all restrictions on outbound travel for vaccinated Australians
  • Extend travel bubble for unrestricted travel to new candidate countries (e.g. Singapore, Pacific island countries)
 6 Nov 2021 – 6 July 2022 80% Fully vaccinated Phase Completed
Phase Four - Post-Vaccination Phase (Back to Normal)
  • Live with COVID-19: management consistent with other infectious diseases
  • Open international borders, quarantine for high-risk inbound travel (Implemented 21 Feb)
  • Uncapped entry for all inbound vaccinated persons, without quarantine (Implemented 21 Feb)
  • Uncapped entry of non-vaccinated travellers subject to pre-flight and on arrival testing
  • Vaccine boosters as necessary
 6 July 2022 – present Completed Phase Completed

Transition to endemic stage

See also: Endemic phase of COVID-19

On 11 October 2021, New South Wales ended the lockdown and became the first jurisdiction in Australia to begin Phase B of the national plan and endemic management of COVID-19.[268] A week later on 18 October restrictions were again relaxed.[269] Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory began a similar staggered easing of restrictions from mid-October ultimately culminating with all three jurisdictions ending international travel quarantine, density restrictions along with COVID-19 close contact and isolation rules being reduced throughout November.[270][271][272][273]

South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland and the Northern Territory managed to remain in a state of COVID-19 elimination (albeit the later two suffering minor controlled outbreaks in the week before opening) prior to their transition to 'living with COVID' and thus voluntarily introduced COVID-19 into the community to allow for resumption of domestic and international travel.[274][275][276][277]

In December the arrival of the Omicron variant prompted states to return to low-level restrictions such as mask wearing and hospitality density limits with even COVID-free Western Australia introducing restrictions to fight small scale outbreaks.[278][279] However, due to the shear number of people being infected with COVID-19, the rules for people exposed to COVID-19 was significantly reduced to alleviate worker shortages.[280] Queensland's Chief Health Officer John Gerrard stated that spreading COVID-19 was "necessary" in order to transition from the "pandemic stage to an endemic stage", noting that measures in place were intended to reduce strain on hospitals and buy time for booster shots.[281][282]

Western Australia delayed its transition from COVID-zero on 20 January 2022 citing the risk from the Omicron variant.[283] However a significant COVID outbreak in February made the government re-open the border after modelling showed that it would have little impact on the cases of COVID-19 due to the outbreak being uncontrolled.[284]

Lifting measures

On 1 January, former Australian Deputy Chief Medical Officer Nick Coatsworth who served in the first year of the pandemic, declared that 2022 would be the year the pandemic ended in Australia as restrictions eased and immunity built up throughout the year.[285]

Restrictions began slowly easing all across Australia throughout 2022 with Victoria and New South Wales returning to pre-omicron restrictions from February 2022.[286] Other jurisdictions followed suit shortly after in easing rules such as mask mandates.[287] South Australia dropped its overtly harsh close contact 14 day isolation requirement in March following the election of Peter Malinauskas. The definition of close contact was changed from 15 minutes with a COVID-19 case to the nationally defined 4 hours[288] On 25 March 2022, the Minister for Health Greg Hunt announced that the Biosecurity Emergency Determination, as well as pre-flight COVID-19 tests for international arrivals would end on 17 April.[181][289] Close contact 7-day isolation was dropped in most states from mid April with the rule replaced with 7 days of mask wearing and testing throughout the week.[290] In late April Western Australia brought COVID-19 restrictions in line with the rest of the country with close contacts only required to wear a mask for 7 days, while mask mandates were dropped in all settings except public/private transport and healthcare settings.[291] In June Australian health officials agreed to end the mask mandate in airport terminals but not on aircraft.[84]

On 2 July, as COVID-19 cases began increasing due to the colder months, it was revealed that Australian health officials were discussing the return of the indoor mask mandate.[292] This ultimately never came to fruition. In mid-July, New South Wales Premier Dominic Perrottet pushed for COVID-19 isolation requirements to be dropped all together or at least reduced to 5 days. This was rejected due to the ongoing winter wave.[293] On 9 September restrictions again began relaxing. The mask mandate on aircraft was scrapped nationwide and Western Australia ended the mask mandate on passenger transport. At the same time the isolation time for COVID-19 cases was reduced to 5 days.[85] 9 September was also the last day cases were reported daily in Australia as the country transitioned to weekly reporting instead.[294] On 14 September, COVID-19 disaster payment for people who had to isolate due to COVID-19 was extended so long as isolating was mandated by the government.[295] South Australia, New South Wales, Queensland all ended the mask mandate on passenger transport on 21 September. Victoria ended the mandate on 22 September after it had been in place since June 2020.[86]

On 30 September, all Australian leaders declared the emergency response finished and announced the end of the requirement for people to isolate from 14 October if they had COVID-19. This was due in part due to high levels of 'hybrid immunity' and very low case numbers.[296] For all legal intents and purposes, the pandemic was declared over.[297][non-primary source needed] Victoria ended its pandemic declaration on 13 October and testing was as a result also scaled back, as Rapid Antigen Tests would no longer need to be reported in Victoria, and also New South Wales.[87]

On 1 November Queensland's state of emergency was left to expire and the last restrictions were removed, however a recommendation 'traffic light' system was introduced to advise Queenslanders on when it was recommended to isolate for COVID-19 or when they were advised to wear a mask.[88] Western Australia let its state of emergency expire on 4 November and also ended the last restrictions.[89] The Northern Territory ended the last post-emergency directions on 11 November.[90] South Australia allowed the remaining public health directions to expire on 23 November.[91] New South Wales ended its state public health emergency on 30 November.[92] The last COVID-19 restriction in Australia was ended on 28 December with the Australian Capital Territory repealing its COVID-19 management direction, used just for enforcing test reporting.[298]

Post pandemic

In the winter of 2023, for the first time since before the pandemic, other viral diseases such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus were more prevalent in the community and hospitals.[299] Queensland as a result, dropped its traffic light system which had been on green and not recommending mask wearing anywhere for several months.[94] Cost of living pressures and the fatigue caused by the pandemic were blamed on low influenza vaccination uptake in 2023.[300]

Impacts

Arts

Before the crisis, 600,000 Australians were employed in the arts, an industry which added around A$3.2 billion to export revenues. The rate of employment in the sector grew at a faster rate than the rest of the economy.[301] According to government figures, "cultural and creative activity contributed to A$112 billion (6.4% of GDP) to Australia's economy in 2016–17".[302]

Beginning in the second week of March 2020, Australian institutions began announcing reduced services, and then complete closures.[303] One of the first casualties was the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, with organisers announcing on 13 March 2020 that the 2020 festival had been cancelled entirely.[304] Opera Australia announced it would close on 15 March.[305] The national closure of all cultural institutions was mandated on 24 March, with subsequent restrictions on public gatherings. Consequently, many cultural events were also cancelled, including the Sydney Writers' Festival.[306] According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, by the beginning of April, "Arts and Recreation services" was the sector of the national economy with the smallest proportion of its business still in operation—at 47%.[307] A graph in Guardian Australia showing businesses by sector that had ceased trading between June 2019 and 30 March 2020 shows over 50% of arts and recreation services, the hardest hit of any sector (information media and telecommunications is next, at about 34%).[308] Adrian Collette, CEO of the Australia Council for the Arts, the government's arts funding and advisory body, described the impact on the cultural and creative sectors as "catastrophic".[309]

The Australian film industry has been severely impacted, with at least 60 shoots being halted and about 20,000 people out of work.[310] On Monday 23 March, all productions funded by Screen Australia were postponed.[311] As of 15 April 2020, after some improvement in COVID-19 statistics in Australia, Screen Australia continues to fund work and process applications, intending to use all of its 2019–20 budget.[312] Film industry organisations such as Screen Producers Australia (SPA) and the Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA) have been lobbying the government for a support package specific to the screen industry, and to expand the JobKeeper requirements so that those in the screen industry are better covered. Many in the film industry are employed by Special-purpose entities—temporary companies that cease trading once production has finished—which cannot easily prove that their turnover has fallen by 30% or more.[313] SPA said that the industry shutdown had cost more than A$500 million, with about A$20 million of lost export revenue.[314]

One hundred and nineteen films and TV shows have been halted, with only a few shows (such as MasterChef Australia and Shaun Micallef's Mad as Hell) continuing production through the pandemic. The TV soap Neighbours was the first English-language TV drama series in the world to announce that resumption of production would begin soon after 20 April 2020.[314]

Like other governments around the world, the Australian government has acknowledged the economic, cultural and social value of the arts industry.[301][302] The Australia Council has redirected about A$5 million to "new programs designed to provide immediate relief to Australian artists, arts workers and arts organisations to support their livelihoods, practice and operations during the COVID-19 pandemic" (the "Resilience Fund"[315]), and is also hosting weekly meetings to address the concerns of specific sections of the industry, such as Indigenous creatives and organisations, live performance and public gatherings, and various peak bodies.[309] Several state governments have also provided relief packages.[301]

In early April, the federal government announced a package of A$27 million in specific arts funding: A$7 million for the Indigenous Visual Arts Industry Support program, A$10 million for Regional Arts Australia's regional arts fund, and A$10 million for Support Act,[316] a charity founded in 1997[317] that provides financial support and counselling to people in the music industry in Australia.[316] However, the "JobKeeper" scheme specifically excluded "freelancers and casuals on short-term contracts, or who have worked for a series of employers in the last year", thus excluding a large proportion of arts and cultural sector professionals, who rely on short-term contracts.[307][318][319]

However, most of the arts sector's more than 193,000 workers were still unable to access the JobKeeper payments, despite being defined as sole traders, and an estimated A$330 million worth of paid performances cancelled. The Australia Institute recommended a A$750 million rescue package for the industry, while Arts Minister Paul Fletcher said that arts workers should utilise existing support measures.[320]

On 4 May 2020, the company operating the Carriageworks multi-arts venue in Sydney declared it would be entering voluntary administration and closing, citing an "irreparable loss of income" due to government bans on events during the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent negative impact on the arts sector.[321][322] Carriageworks was the first major arts venue in the country to collapse suddenly after the hit to income caused by the strict social distancing rules enforced by state and federal governments, but others feared the same fate, after being forced to shut their doors in late March.[323]

On 13 May 2020, the Art Gallery of South Australia announced that it would reopen on 8 June.[324]

On 24 June 2020, the federal government announced a $250 million rescue package for the arts, comprising grants and loans. The package includes $75m for a grants program for new festivals, concerts, tours and events; $90m in loans to help fund new productions; $50m to help film and television producers unable to access insurance due to the pandemic, to enable them to restart production; and $35 million in direct financial assistance for struggling Commonwealth-funded organisations, including theatre, dance, music and circus. The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) welcomed the boost, but critics said that it was not nearly enough, especially with so many workers in the industry still ineligible for JobKeeper payments.[325][326]

Economic

Further information: Economy of Australia
The area of each segment represents the number of businesses per sector of the Australian economy; the figure represents the percentage still operating. By 7 April, the Arts and Recreation sector (shown in red) was the worst hit.[327]
An empty street in the Brisbane central business district, 29 March 2020

On 3 March 2020, the Reserve Bank of Australia became the first central bank to cut interest rates in response to the outbreak. Official interest rates were cut by 0.25% to a record low of 0.5%.[328]

On 12 March, the federal government announced a planned A$17.6 billion stimulus package.[329][330] The package consists of multiple parts: a one-off payment to pensioners, social security recipients, veteran and other income support recipients and eligible concession card holders, payments of A$2,000–A$25,000 to affected small businesses, an increase to the threshold for the Instant Asset Write-off Program, tax concessions for investments, a small business 50% wage subsidy for 120,000 trainees and apprentices, and A$1 billion in subsidies for heavily affected industries.[329][331]

On 17 March, the New South Wales government announced a A$2.3 billion stimulus package, including A$700 million for health services. A$450 million was allocated to waive payroll tax for 3 months, and $250 million was allocated so state-owned buildings and public schools could employ more cleaners. Seven hundred and fifty million dollars was allocated for capital works and public asset maintenance.[332]

On 18 March, the Northern Territory government announced an economic stimulus package of A$60 million.[333]

On 19 March, the Reserve Bank again cut interest rates by a further 0.25%, from 0.5% to 0.25%, the lowest in Australian history.[334]

In March 2020, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) began releasing a number of additional statistical products to assess the economic impacts on the outbreak on the Australian economy. Data on retail trade turnover indicated a 0.4% rise in turnover in February 2020. Negative effects on some areas of the retail sector (particularly tourism-dependent businesses) were offset by a rise in food retail turnover, with supermarkets showing a large rise in sales,[335] mainly arising from panic buying.

On 22 March, the Federal government announced a second stimulus package of A$66 billion, increasing the amount of total financial package offered to A$89 billion. This included several new measures like an extra A$550 'Coronavirus Supplement' payment to those on income support, paid from 27 April to 24 September 2020,[336] and relaxed eligibility criteria for individuals on JobSeeker Payment, granting A$100,000 to small and medium-sized businesses and A$715 million to Australian airports and airlines. It also allowed individuals affected by the outbreak to access up to A$10,000 of their superannuation during 2019–2020 and also being able to take an additional same amount for the next year.[337]

On 30 March, the Australian Government announced a six-month, A$130 billion JobKeeper payment.[338] The JobKeeper payment provides businesses with up to A$1,500 a fortnight per full-time or part-time employee, or casual employee that has worked for that business for over a year. To be eligible, a business with an annual revenue of under A$1 billion must have lost 30% turnover since 1 March, or 50% for businesses over A$1 billion. The entire payment made to businesses for an employee must then, by law, be paid to that employee in lieu of normal pay.[338] This response came after the enormous job losses seen just a week prior when an estimated 1 million Australians lost their jobs. The program was backdated to 1 March with the aim of re-employing many people who had lost their jobs in the weeks before. In the first hour of the scheme, over 8,000 businesses registered to receive the payments. The program is one of the largest economic packages ever implemented in modern Australian history.[338] JobKeeper ended on 28 March 2021.[339]

On 11 April, the South Australian state government announced its own A$350 million economic stimulus measures.[340]

In late April, the Federal government announced A$94.6 million of support was available for zoos, wildlife parks and aquariums forced to close by coronavirus restrictions. This was part of previously announced economic stimulus measures.[341]

The 2020 Federal Budget, normally delivered in May, was delayed until 6 October because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[342]

On 22 May 2020, the Treasury and Australian Taxation Office announced there had been a miscalculation of A$60 billion in the planned cost of the JobKeeper program. Blaming 1,000 businesses for making "significant errors" on the application form, the Australian Government revealed it had overbudgeted the program, and that it was forecast to cost A$70 billion, not A$130 billion. The Treasury also announced that its original forecast of 6.5 million recipients was inaccurate, and closer to 3.5 million.[343] Prime Minister Scott Morrison celebrated the saving, while the Opposition announced a parliamentary inquiry in an attempt to compel Treasurer Josh Frydenberg to explain the overestimation.[344]

In July 2020, Australian Finance Minister Mathias Cormann, in an interview with the US CNBC news channel, vowed that the government's budget deficit was expected to increase to A$85.8 billion Australian dollars in the financial year ended on 30 June and further widen to A$184.5 billion in the new fiscal year.[345]

On 2 September, the Australian economy went into recession for the first time in nearly thirty years. The country's gross domestic product (GDP) fell 7 per cent in the June quarter.[346][347][348] In December, it was announced Australia had pulled out of recession after experiencing a 3.3% growth in GDP in the September quarter. Treasurer Josh Frydenberg stated the effects of the recession had lasting impacts and the recovery was far from over. Australia is set to avoid an economic depression as forecast earlier in 2020, though GDP is likely to have experienced a contraction from 2019 figures.[349]

The 2020 Australian federal budget, delayed from May, is finally delivered on 6 October.[342]

"Dine and Discover NSW"

On 17 November 2020, the NSW Government announced in the state budget that all NSW residents over 18 years of age would be eligible to receive four A$25 vouchers through Service NSW to help stimulate the economy.[350] Two vouchers are for dining, Monday to Thursday only, excluding public holidays. The other two are to be spent on entertainment, excluding on public holidays.[351] Businesses need to be COVID-safe registered, and sign-up for the scheme. The vouchers cannot be used for gambling, alcohol, cigarettes, retail purchases or accommodation. The program was originally called "Out and About".[350]

Residents will need to have a Service NSW account to receive their vouchers. After trials in Sydney and regional areas, full rollout was scheduled for March.[351] The trials began in Broken Hill, and the Rocks in Sydney on 11 February 2021.[352]

As early as mid-April 2021, the scheme was said by some regional NSW residents to be "city centric'. At this time, the vouchers had been used by less than 10% of the 5 million who can use it. There were calls by NSW opposition political parties for the scheme to be extended beyond its initial 30 June 2021 deadline to use the vouchers.[353] On 9 June 2021, the Dine & Discover scheme was extended by a month to 31 July.[354] The scheme was then extended again to 31 August due to the lockdown in NSW,[355] and then eventually to 30 June 2022.[356] In November 2021, two extra vouchers were granted, one for dining and one for entertainment.[356]

2021

On 22 February 2021, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced that the JobSeeker Payment base rate would be increased by A$50 a fortnight from April 2021. The payment will rise to A$614 a fortnight, with an estimated cost over forward estimates of A$9 billion. It is also intended to increase the threshold amount recipients can earn before their payment starts to be reduced.[357]

On 26 February 2021, the chief executive of the Australian Airports Association, James Goodwin, said that Australian airports had been losing A$320 million every month during the COVID-19 pandemic. He also said over the past 12 months, job losses amounted to 25 per cent of the airports' workforce.[358]

On 10 March 2021, the Federal Government announced steps worth A$1.2 billion to encourage Australians to holiday within Australia to assist ailing tourist destinations. Between April and July, up to 800,000 airfares to 13 regions normally favoured by international tourists will be halved for domestic travellers.[359]

On 3 June 2021, the Federal Government announced that people who lose work as a result of lockdowns, of at least 7 days' length, may be eligible for a A$325 or A$500 per week Temporary COVID Disaster Payment. To be eligible:[360]

  • Person must be older than 17
  • Live/ work in a Commonwealth defined hot-spot
  • Have less than A$10,000 liquid assets
  • Would have worked except for lockdown, and,
    • Will lose income due to lockdown
  • Can't access special pandemic or sick leave, or,
    • Have used it up

Those on other types of income support from the Commonwealth, like JobSeeker, are ineligible.[360]

To get the full A$500 payment, the lost work must be at least 20 hours. If the lost work is under 20 hours, the payment is $325.[360]

Victoria announced A$30 million of financial support on 7 June 2021 for residents "locked out of work" by COVID lockdowns. The Victorian government also extended it emergency "hardship support payment" to October. This helps those on temporary or provisional visas who are not able get income from the Commonwealth.[361]

Employment

The pandemic had significant negative effect on the Australian labour market.[362] In July 2019, unemployment was 5.1%, by July 2020 it peaked at 7.5%, during the pandemic, by the end of 2020 it had fallen to 6.6%.[363] Figures for February to March 2021, released in April, showed unemployment had reduced to 5.8%,[364] 0.4 points higher than at the start to the pandemic.[365]

Agricultural worker shortage

In September 2020, a report from Ernst & Young stated that pandemic related border restrictions could result in a shortfall of 26,000 pickers over Australia's summer harvest season. Such work is typically reliant on seasonal staff from overseas.[366] As a trial in early September 2020, 160 workers from Vanuatu were allowed into the Northern Territory (NT) to pick mangoes. They arrived on a specially chartered aircraft, and had to undergo the usual 14-day quarantine.[367] It was estimated that the Vanuatuan workers saved A$100 million of fruit from the NT mango harvest being left to rot.[368] The mango industry in the NT was valued at more than A$128 million in 2019, and produces more than half of Australia's mangoes.[367]

On 30 September 2020, PM Scott Morrison announced that: "backpackers, Pacific Islanders and seasonal workers will be able to extend their visas to stay in Australia" and "welfare recipients will be offered incentives to pick fruit."[369]

In late October 2020, some farmers found that they had to plough their produce back into the ground because it could not be harvested, at a loss of A$150,000.[370]

The "Relocation Assistance to Take Up a Job" (RATTUAJ) program, scheduled to run from 1 November 2020 to 31 December 2021, offered A$6,000 for transport, moving expenses, accommodation and work clothing for welfare recipients willing to relocate to a regional area for a minimum of 6 weeks for short term agricultural jobs.[371] Up to early December 2020, the relocation incentives for unemployed Australians appeared to be failing. After operating for a month, Federal Department of Employment figures showed only 148 people had taken up the offer.[372]

Shortage of workers for harvesting can not only mean unpicked produce being left to rot or be ploughed back into fields, and farmers possibly not planting the next year, it creates an economic loss to those farmers,[370] and can also noticeably increase prices for consumers.[373]

To encourage potential workers to return to Australia, on 19 January 2022, the Australian Government offered to repay visa fees, about A$600, to backpackers on working holiday-maker visas, who come to Australia in the following 12 weeks, and to international students who arrive within the following 8 weeks. There are about 23,000 backpackers and 150,000 students who have a visa but are not in Australia.[374]

Health

Influenza

In 2020, due to international travel restrictions, social distancing and lockdowns because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of influenza in Australia, and deaths from it, were at "record lows". In mid-June 2021 the flu was said to be almost non-existent. In May 2019 there were over 30,000 cases, in May 2021, only 71.[375] Professor Ian Barr of the Peter Doherty Institute remarked that influenza was "either eradicated, or it's at such low levels we're having trouble detecting it."[375] 2019 in Australia was particularly bad with 800 flu deaths, below 40 in 2020, and no reported deaths as of June 2021.[375]

In a March 2022 statement, the ATAGI noted that they expect a resurgence in influenza for the 2022 flu season due to the opening of borders.[376]

Health checks

On 4 February 2021, World Cancer Day, the government organisation Cancer Australia said that in 2020 between January and September, there were nearly 150,000 less diagnostic tests for cancer performed, compared to the same period in 2019.[377]

In August 2021, breast cancer screening appointments were being cancelled by BreastScreen NSW due to the lockdown in Sydney that began in late June. Some nurses were retasked to pandemic response, leading to some screening clinics and mobile clinics being closed.[378]

Indigenous Australians

See also: Indigenous health in Australia

Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders have poorer health outcomes and a lower life expectancy than the non-Indigenous Australian population, particularly those living in remote areas, which, along with overcrowded housing, makes them one of the communities most vulnerable to the virus.[379][380][381] The remote Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY lands) in South Australia, whose population has many comorbidities, high rates of tobacco use, overcrowded housing and overall poor hygiene, introduced restricted access to the lands in early March to protect their people, especially elders, from the virus.[382] The Minister for Indigenous Australians, Ken Wyatt, said it was a sensible move, and that the federal government would work with them.[383] (A later call to evacuate elders to Adelaide by the APY Art Centre Collective was not put into operation.[384])

The federal government set up a national Indigenous advisory group in early March 2020, to create an emergency response plan for Aboriginal communities.[382] The 43-page plan was published in March,[385] and in late March, the Prime Minister that advised that Indigenous Australians over the age of 50 (along with everyone over 70 and those with a chronic illness over 60), should stay at home as much as possible.[386][387] The Department of Health created a web page dedicated to advice for Indigenous people and remote communities,[388] and the National Indigenous Australians Agency has one dedicated to the government's response to COVID-19.[389] On 18 April the NIAA announced a government package of A$123 million of "targeted measures to support Indigenous businesses and communities to increase their responses to COVID-19", for the coming two financial years.[390]

The Northern Territory developed a remote health pandemic plan,[382] with NT Health setting up a number of remote clinics across the Territory.[391] All non-essential travel to 76 remote communities was banned, and a 14-day isolation period imposed for those residents wanting to return home from regional centres, and in May 2020, health officials suggested that these controls should stay in place for the foreseeable future.[392] In mid-March 2020 a group of senior NT clinicians called for 16 measures to be implemented as soon as possible to help protect vulnerable communities.[393] Other states and territories have provided advice on their health agency websites.[394][395][396]

In May 2020 a group of Paakantyi families set up a tent town on the banks of the Darling River near Wilcannia in New South Wales, to escape the threat of the disease from overcrowded accommodation in the town.[397]

In late August 2021 a man in his 50s who died at Dubbo Hospital, is believed to be the first Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander COVID-19 related death. He was not vaccinated.[63] By 7 September 2021, there had been 2 more deaths of indigenous Australians, who were also not vaccinated.[398]

Medication supply

The pandemic created shortages of some medications since it began, initially related to panic buying. The most commonly used antidepressant in Australia, sertraline, is one of many such as the brand Zoloft, that have been affected by a global shortage. Olmesartan[399] and irbesartan, both blood pressure medications were short in Australia as were hormone replacement therapy (HRT) patches[399] and carbimazole,[400] a thyroid medication.[401] As of February 2021 the contraceptive pill "Norimin" (norethisterone) was hard for pharmacists to acquire, supply had been intermittent for 6–12 months.[401] Shortages of Norimin and Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone, both Pfizer products, were reported in August 2020 and first predicted to last until December 2020, the shortage was then expected by the TGA "to be resolved in March or April 2021".[402] In the case of sertraline a Serious Shortage Substitution Notice (SSSN) was issued by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).[403] SSSNs were also issued in Australia for Prazosin (blood pressure), Metformin (diabetes), and Estrogen path (HRT),[399] which in theory allows substitutions like issuing twice the number of 25-milligram (0.39 gr) tablets in place of the prescribed 50-milligram (0.77 gr) tablets, without a new prescription, but with the patients' consent. Chris Moy, Vice President of the Australian Medical Association (AMA) said medicine shortages in Australia were a "pre-existing problem" before COVID-19.[401][404]

I think somewhere in the order of 89 percent of all day-to-day prescription medications are supplied from overseas; they often say 'patented in Australia' but they are actually made overseas.

— Chris Moy, Vice President of the AMA[401]

Moy also said "A lot of our medications are made in China and India. Sovereign capability and protecting supply of our medications is something that should be seriously considered."[401]

The TGA gave short-term approval for the import of some medicines that are "not on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) that are approved for import and supply in Australia because: there is a shortage of a medicine registered in Australia; and the medicine is needed in the interest of public health."[405]

Politics

In 2020, local council elections were impacted by the pandemic. In Victoria candidates could only campaign online.[406] NSW elections due in September were postponed a year.[407]

In 2021, NSW local council elections due on 4 September, already postponed from 2020,[407] were postponed again to 4 December due to a wave of Delta variant infections that caused numerous lockdowns in the state.[408]

On 31 January 2021, Federal politicians flying into Canberra from Western Australia had to quarantine for five days when a sudden lockdown was declared in Perth and two adjoining regions. Federal Parliament was scheduled to resume on 2 February.[409]

On 26 July 2021 it was announced that, from 2 August, Parliament House in Canberra would come under COVID-19 restrictions to "minimise non-essential activity" for the next legislative sitting that day. All public galleries were closed and the general public was unable to enter the building. The number of politicians attending, and their staff, was "substantially reduced" and remote participation technology was used. Physical distancing returned. Use of the Check-in CBR app was extended to all food and beverage venues open under takeaway only restrictions. The restrictions lasted until 3 September.[410][411]

Protests

Main article: COVID-19 protests in Australia

Throughout 2020 and 2021, several protests against COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were held in several state capitals including Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.[412] In addition, protests were held in February 2021 against the Federal Government's national vaccine programme.[413][23] Police responded to these protests by arresting demonstrators and issuing fines.[414][415][416]

Sport

Main article: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports

The major sporting leagues (A-League Men, AFL, AFL Women's, and the National Rugby League) initially stated that their 2020 seasons would not be suspended but would continue behind closed doors, with some games being played under those conditions. However, all the leagues were later suspended.[citation needed]

Athletics

Initially the 2020 Stawell Gift was postponed until later in the year;[417] however, in May it was cancelled entirely for 2020.[418]

Australian rules football

The 2020 AFL season was initially curtailed to a maximum of 17 games,[419] with clubs expected to take at least a 10% revenue hit from coronavirus related issues.[420] However, on 22 March, just before the end of round 1 of the 2020 season, AFL CEO Gillon McLachlan announced that the AFL season would be suspended until at least 31 May, citing the shutting of state borders as the primary cause for this decision.[421] The AFL season restarted on 11 June, with the Grand Final being played on 24 October at the Gabba in Brisbane, Queensland, the first Grand Final to be held outside Victoria.[422] The 2020 AFL Women's season was cancelled midway through the finals series, with no premiership awarded to any team.[421][423]

Baseball

The 2020–2021 playoffs were shortened and the 2021–2022 season of the Australian Baseball League was cancelled due to travel restrictions and Victoria being in lockdown, respectively.[citation needed]

Basketball

The 2020 NBL Finals began with game two, although it was stated that the competition would be immediately suspended if any participants were to be diagnosed.[424] The best of five series was subsequently cancelled after the third game was played with the title awarded to Perth Wildcats.[425]

All second-tier state basketball leagues were either postponed or cancelled.[426]

Cricket

The remaining two One Day Internationals between Australia and New Zealand in March 2020 were cancelled, and the first match was played without spectators.[427] Cricket Australia also cancelled the Australian women's cricket team's tour of South Africa due to the virus.[428]

Motorsports

The first major sporting event in Australia to be affected was the 2020 Australian Grand Prix, which was cancelled on 13 March 2020 after McLaren withdrew when a team member tested positive for COVID-19.[429] This was also enforced on the support races which included the 2020 Melbourne 400, which was the second round of the 2020 Supercars Championship to be cancelled.[430] The 2021 Australian Grand Prix was postponed from its original March date to November to allow for the easing of travel restrictions. On 6 July 2021, it was cancelled for the second consecutive year due to "restrictions and logistical challenges" related to the pandemic.[431][432]

Rugby league

Following the implementation of travel restrictions by New Zealand,[433] the Australian Rugby League Commission (ARLC) announced that the New Zealand Warriors would be based in Australia for the foreseeable future.[434] The 2020 season was suspended indefinitely on 23 March.[435] Chairman of the ARLC Peter V'landys requested a government bailout for the National Rugby League, a request that was struck down,[436] and caused a considerable negative reaction.[437][438]

On 22 April 2020, the NRL announced that they planned for the season to restart on 28 May, with training beginning on 4 May,[439] and has planned for 18 rounds (giving a 20-round season) and a State of Origin series, with the Grand Final rescheduled for 25 October.[440]

The NRL season recommenced on 28 May 2020 with a round 3 game played in Brisbane between the Brisbane Broncos and Parramatta Eels.[441] The match was played behind closed doors without any crowd, although the broadcasters (Channel 9 and Fox Sports) used fake crowd noise during the broadcast.[442] The return match rated highly on TV as it was the first TV match of a team sport in Australia for 8 weeks.[443] The Grand Final was played in front of a limited crowd on 25 October at ANZ Stadium.[citation needed]

The 2020 State of Origin series took place after the NRL season, with Game 3 holding a capacity crowd at Brisbane's Suncorp Stadium.[citation needed]

Rugby union

The 2020 Super Rugby season was suspended following the conclusion of play on 15 March 2020, due to the outbreak and the imposition of mandatory quarantine for international travellers to New Zealand.[444]

Soccer

In 2020, the A-League initially announced a continuation of the league with the Wellington Phoenix FC being based in Australia;[445] however, on 24 March 2020, suspended the remaining matches indefinitely.[446] On 17 July, the season resumed in a NSW-based hub, where the season finished with the Grand Final occurring at Bankwest Stadium on 30 August in front of a limited crowd.[447]

Yacht racing

The 2020 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race was cancelled on 19 December due to an outbreak in the Greater Sydney region.[448]

Tourism

Economic modelling in May 2020 by Tourism Research Australia predicted that the domestic tourism industry would drop in value from A$138 billion to $83 billion.[449]

Travel restrictions

On 2 October 2020, Prime Minister Morrison announced that the Australian Government had formalised a deal allowing New Zealanders "one-way quarantine-free travel" into New South Wales and the Northern Territory from 16 October as part of initial steps to establish a "travel bubble" between the two countries. However, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has ruled out extending reciprocal "quarantine-free travel" for Australians in order to contain the spread of COVID-19 into New Zealand.[450][451]

On 17 October 2020, Stuff reported that 17 New Zealanders who had entered New South Wales traveled to Melbourne despite Victoria not being a party to the travel bubble arrangement with New Zealand. The Victorian Department of Health and Human Services confirmed the arrival of the group but stated that it did not have the authority to detain them.[452] In response, Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews threatened to close his state's borders unless the Australian Federal Government blocked travellers using the Trans-Tasman bubble from traveling to Victoria. The Federal Government has disagreed with the Victorian Government's stance. In addition, New South Wales Premier Gladys Berejiklian announced that her government would not prevent New Zealand passengers from travelling to Victoria.[453]

On 11 December 2020, the Premier of Queensland Annastacia Palaszczuk announced that her state would open its borders to travelers from New Zealand from 1:00 am the following day (12 December), exempting them from quarantine restrictions.[454]

On 14 December 2020, the New Zealand Prime Minister Ardern announced that the New Zealand Government had approved plans to establish a quarantine free travel bubble with Australia in the first quarter of 2021. Australian Health Minister Greg Hunt welcomed the move, describing it as the "first step" in normalising international travel and reiterated the Australian Government's support for measures to establish the travel bubble.[455][456]

On 25 January 2021, the Federal government immediately suspended the ability of New Zealanders to travel to Australia that they had since 16 October 2020, without quarantining, for at least 72 hours. This followed the discovery of a NZ resident with the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. The woman was not known to be infectious, having twice tested negative to COVID-19 before leaving quarantine, then visited many places in northern NZ, but she was then found to have the new strain.[457]

On 19 April 2021, Australians were allowed quarantine-free travel to New Zealand for the first time in more than a year. To fly under the bubble's rules, passengers must have spent 14 days before departure in either Australia or New Zealand; however, they are not required to spend the full 14-day period or more in the other country, i.e. a person has spent at least 14 days in Australia, flies to New Zealand and returns to Australia after 7 days.[458] They must not be awaiting the results of a COVID-19 test, nor have any COVID-19 symptoms, amongst other criteria.[459]

Geo-tracking app

In late August 2021, the state of South Australia launched an app with facial recognition software that Australians subject to mandatory 14-day quarantines could opt to use in lieu of being quarantined at a hotel under police guard.[460] The app randomly prompted users to take a picture of their face and submit geo-location data within 15 minutes of the prompt to prove to the South Australian government that the user was in an approved location.[461] Users who refuse to comply or who fail to respond to a prompt within 15 minutes are checked on by local police and may be subject to fines.[460][461][462]

Demand for investigation

On 19 April 2020, Australia questioned China's handling of the pandemic, questioned the transparency of its disclosures, and demanded an international investigation into the origins of the virus and its spread.[463] The Chinese Ambassador Cheng Jingye, in a rare breach of diplomatic protocol, leaked details of his telephone conversation with Frances Adamson, Secretary of Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, on the embassy website.[464] He warned that the demand for an inquiry could result in a consumer boycott of students and tourists visiting Australia, and could affect sales of major exports.[465] A trade dispute involving improperly labelled beef and barley dumping ensued, which seriously affected Australian exports.[466] On 26 August 2020, China's deputy ambassador to Australia, Wang Xining, expressed that Australia's co-proposal for an independent investigation into the causes of the pandemic "hurts the feelings of the Chinese people" during his address to the National Press Club of Australia.[467][468]

Event cancellations

Numerous events in 2020 and 2021 were cancelled, rescheduled, postponed, reduced in size, or had their location changed. Some went to an online or streaming format. In 2021, events such as Skyfire, regional agricultural shows, and music festivals (Byron Bay Bluesfest and Groovin' the Moo)[469][470] were cancelled for the second year. By 16 January 2021, twenty regional town shows scheduled for January or February 2021 had been postponed or cancelled in New South Wales alone.[471] Many subsequent events were cancelled in 2021 and into early 2022 with the emergence of the Omicron variant.[472]

See also

State and territory articles

Notes

  1. ^ Phase progression depends upon the achievement of the threshold of certain vaccination percentage, scientific modelling of vaccination threshold is completed at Doherty Institute

References

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Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.
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