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The Baltic Sea Region, alternatively the Baltic Rim countries (or simply the Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries/states, refers to the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea, including parts of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.^[1]^[2]^[3] Unlike the "Baltic states", the Baltic region includes all countries that border the sea.

Etymology

The first to name it the Baltic Sea (Latin: Mare Balticum) was 11th century German chronicler Adam of Bremen.

Denotation

Depending on the context the Baltic Sea Region might stand for:

The countries that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden.
The group of countries that are members of the inter-governmental Baltic Assembly and Baltic Council of Ministers,^[4] and generally referred to by the shorthand, Baltic states:^[5]^[6]^[7] Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, exclaved from the remainder of Russia.^[8]
Historic East Prussia and the historical lands of Livonia, Courland and Estonia (Swedish Estonia and Russian Estonia).^{[citation needed]}
The former Baltic governorates of Imperial Russia: Today's Estonia and Latvia (excluding parts of modern Eastern Latvia that were part of Vitebsk Governorate).^[9]
The countries on the historical British trade route through the Baltic Sea, i.e. including the Scandinavian Peninsula (Sweden and Norway).^{[citation needed]}
The negotiating members of the Grand Baltic Entente also known as the Baltic League: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland.^[10]
Members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS),^[11] are the countries^[a] with shorelines along the Baltic Sea, in addition to Norway, Iceland and the European Commission.
The islands of the Euroregion B7 Baltic Islands Network, which includes the islands and archipelagos Åland (autonomous region of Finland), Bornholm (Denmark), Gotland (Sweden), Hiiumaa (Estonia), Öland (Sweden), Rügen (Germany), and Saaremaa (Estonia).^[13]
On historic Scandinavian and German maps, the Balticum sometimes includes only the historically or culturally German-dominated lands, or provinces, of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Latgale (corresponding to modern Estonia and Latvia), East Prussia, Samogitia (corresponding to modern Western Lithuania) as well as sometimes Pomerania, Kashubia, while the historically less-Germanized Eastern Lithuania is occasionally excluded.^{[citation needed]}
In geology, the Baltic Shield includes Fennoscandia, parts of northwestern Russia and the northern Baltic Sea.^[14]^[15]

Notes

^ State members of CBSS: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia and Sweden.^[12]

References

^ "Baltic Sea". Britannica. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
^ "EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region". European Commission. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
^ "Programme Factsheet" (PDF). Interreg Baltic Sea Region. January 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
^ Republic of Estonia; Republic of Latvia; Republic of Lithuania (1994). Declaration on Unity and Co-operation by the Republic of Estonia, Republic of Latvia and Republic of Lithuania (PDF). Council of Baltic States. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^ Misiunas, Romuald J; Bater, James H (25 May 2006). "Baltic states". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^ Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia. "Co-operation among the Baltic States". Republic of Latvia. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^ Republic of Estonia. "Baltic Cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
^ «The Baltic region includes the Baltic republics and the Kaliningrad region of the RSFSR "» — Baltic region in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) – via Great Scientific Library
^ Gibson, Catherine (29 March 2022). Geographies of Nationhood: Cartography, Science, and Society in the Russian Imperial Baltic. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–7. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844323.003.0001. ISBN 9780192844323.
^ Townsend, Mary Evelyn (September 1921). The Baltic States. The Institute of international education.
^ European Commission. "CBSS - Council of Baltic Sea States". knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu. European Union. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021. The Council of the Baltic Sea States is an overall political forum for regional inter-governmental cooperation. The Members of the Council are the eleven states of the Baltic Sea Region as well as the European Commission.
^ Council of the Baltic Sea States. "CBSS - About Us". Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^ B7 Steering Committee (8 September 2004). "Charter of the B7" (PDF). B7 Baltic Islands Network. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Dunbar, Moira (2004). "Arctic: Geology". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
^ Beckholmen, Monica; Tirén, Sven A (September 2008). "The geological history of the Baltic Sea: A review of the literature and investigation tools". Swedish Radiation Safety Authority - Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten. ISSN 2000-0456. Report number: 2009:21. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.

External links

Official website of the Council of the Baltic Sea States
The Baltic Sea Information Centre (archived 8 February 2008)
EU Baltic Sea Region Strategy (EUSBSR) – a strategy aiming to accelerate the integration of the region
The Baltic University Programme – a university network focused on a sustainable development in the Baltic Sea region (archived 10 June 2010)
Baltic Sea Region Spatial Planning Initiative VASAB
Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007–2013
Vifanord – a digital library that provides scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as the Baltic region as a whole.

[13] State members of CBSS: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia and Sweden.^[12]

[1] "Baltic Sea". Britannica. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.

[2] "EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region". European Commission. Retrieved 9 July 2024.

[3] "Programme Factsheet" (PDF). Interreg Baltic Sea Region. January 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.

[Unity-4] Republic of Estonia; Republic of Latvia; Republic of Lithuania (1994). Declaration on Unity and Co-operation by the Republic of Estonia, Republic of Latvia and Republic of Lithuania (PDF). Council of Baltic States. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021.

[EB-Baltic-5] Misiunas, Romuald J; Bater, James H (25 May 2006). "Baltic states". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2021.

[LatviaFA-6] Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia. "Co-operation among the Baltic States". Republic of Latvia. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2021.

[EstoniaFA-7] Republic of Estonia. "Baltic Cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2018.

[GSEn_ПЭР-8] «The Baltic region includes the Baltic republics and the Kaliningrad region of the RSFSR "» — Baltic region in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) – via Great Scientific Library

[9] Gibson, Catherine (29 March 2022). Geographies of Nationhood: Cartography, Science, and Society in the Russian Imperial Baltic. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–7. doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844323.003.0001. ISBN 9780192844323.

[10] Townsend, Mary Evelyn (September 1921). The Baltic States. The Institute of international education.

[ecCBSS-11] European Commission. "CBSS - Council of Baltic Sea States". knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu. European Union. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021. The Council of the Baltic Sea States is an overall political forum for regional inter-governmental cooperation. The Members of the Council are the eleven states of the Baltic Sea Region as well as the European Commission.

[12] Council of the Baltic Sea States. "CBSS - About Us". Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.

[b7charter-14] B7 Steering Committee (8 September 2004). "Charter of the B7" (PDF). B7 Baltic Islands Network. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[EB2004-15] Dunbar, Moira (2004). "Arctic: Geology". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2021.

[Beck2008-16] Beckholmen, Monica; Tirén, Sven A (September 2008). "The geological history of the Baltic Sea: A review of the literature and investigation tools". Swedish Radiation Safety Authority - Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten. ISSN 2000-0456. Report number: 2009:21. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|Geographic region in Northern Europe}}
+{{Short description|Geographical region in Europe}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
-[[File:Baltic Sea map.png|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Baltic Sea]] and surrounding countries]]
+{{distinguish|Baltic states}}
+[[File:Baltic Sea map.png|thumb|Countries surrounding the [[Baltic Sea]]]]
-The terms '''Baltic Sea Region''', '''Baltic Rim countries''' (or simply '''Baltic Rim'''), and the '''Baltic Sea countries/states''' refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the [[Baltic Sea]] in [[Northern Europe]].
+The '''Baltic Sea Region''', alternatively the '''Baltic Rim countries''' (or simply the '''Baltic Rim'''), and the '''Baltic Sea countries/states''', refers to the general area surrounding the [[Baltic Sea]], including parts of [[Northern Europe|Northern]], [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2024 |title=Baltic Sea |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Baltic-Sea |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region |url=https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/cooperation/macro-regional-strategies/baltic-sea_en |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=European Commission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2024 |title=Programme Factsheet |url=https://interreg-baltic.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2024.01.08_IBSR_FactSheet.pdf |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Interreg Baltic Sea Region}}</ref> Unlike the "[[Baltic states]]", the Baltic region includes all countries that border the sea.
 == Etymology ==
-{{Main|Baltic Sea#Etymology{{!}}Baltic (name)}}
+{{Main|Baltic Sea#Etymology and nomenclature{{!}}Baltic (name)}}
-The first to name it the ''Baltic Sea'' ({{lang-la|Mare Balticum}}) was 11th century German chronicler [[Adam of Bremen]].
+The first to name it the ''Baltic Sea'' ({{langx|la|Mare Balticum}}) was 11th century German chronicler [[Adam of Bremen]].
 == Denotation ==
-[[File:Lennart Meri kodus oma töökabinetis 02.jpg|thumb|[[Lennart Meri]], the [[President of Estonia]], reconstructs the [[history of Estonia]] and the Baltic Sea region in his 1976 book ''Silver White'' ({{lang-et|Hõbevalge}}).<ref>[https://news.postimees.ee/3364877/medical-scientist-proves-hypothesis-set-by-lennart-meri Postimees: "Medical scientist proves hypothesis set by Lennart Meri"].</ref>]]
 Depending on the context the ''Baltic Sea Region'' might stand for:
-* The countries that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea: [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Finland]], [[Germany]], [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], and [[Sweden]].
+* The countries that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea: [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], [[Germany]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], and [[Sweden]].
+* The group of countries that are members of the inter-governmental ''[[Baltic Assembly]]'' and ''[[Baltic Council of Ministers]]'',<ref name="Unity">{{cite book |last1=Republic of Estonia |last2=Republic of Latvia |last3=Republic of Lithuania |title=Declaration on Unity and Co-operation by the Republic of Estonia, Republic of Latvia and Republic of Lithuania |url=https://vm.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/web-static/409/2003_11_28_BMN_pohikiri_allkirjadega_eng.pdf |publisher=Council of Baltic States |access-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507094857/https://vm.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/web-static/063/1990_05_12_deklaratsioon_Balti_yhtsusest_ja_koostoost.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2019 |date=1994}}</ref> and generally referred to by the shorthand, [[Baltic states]]:<ref name="EB-Baltic">{{cite book |last1=Misiunas |first1=Romuald J |last2=Bater |first2=James H |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=25 May 2006 |edition=Online |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Baltic-states |access-date=2 June 2021 |language=en |chapter=Baltic states |archive-date=11 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611102707/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-37264/Baltic-states |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LatviaFA">{{cite web |last1=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia |title=Co-operation among the Baltic States |url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/eu/BalticSeaRegion/BalticStates/ |website=Republic of Latvia |access-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204065713/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/eu/BalticSeaRegion/BalticStates/ |archive-date=4 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="EstoniaFA">{{Cite web |last1=Republic of Estonia |url=http://vm.ee/en/baltic-cooperation|title = Baltic Cooperation  |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506193534/http://www.vm.ee/en/baltic-cooperation|archive-date=6 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
-* The group of countries presently referred to by the shorthand [[Baltic states]]: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.{{cn|date=June 2020}}
-* Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] of Russia, exclaved from the remainder of Russia.{{cn|date=June 2020}}
+* Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] of Russia, exclaved from the remainder of Russia.<ref name="GSEn_ПЭР">«The Baltic region includes the Baltic republics and the Kaliningrad region of the RSFSR "» — {{GSEn| автор = Гербов В.&nbsp;Р.|статья= Прибалтийский экономический район| том = 20| страницы = 607}}</ref>
-* Historic [[East Prussia]] and the historical [[nation|land]]s of [[Livonia]], [[Courland]] and Estonia ([[Swedish Estonia]] and [[Russian Estonia]]).{{cn|date=June 2020}}
+* Historic [[East Prussia]] and the historical [[nation|land]]s of [[Livonia]], [[Courland]] and Estonia ([[Swedish Estonia]] and [[Russian Estonia]]).{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
-* The former [[Baltic governorates]] of [[Imperial Russia]]: Today's Estonia and Latvia (excluding parts of modern Eastern Latvia that were part of [[Vitebsk Governorate]]).{{cn|date=June 2020}}
+* The former [[Baltic governorates]] of [[Imperial Russia]]: Today's Estonia and Latvia (excluding parts of modern Eastern Latvia that were part of [[Vitebsk Governorate]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Gibson|first=Catherine|doi=10.1093/oso/9780192844323.003.0001|pages=6–7|date=29 March 2022|title=Geographies of Nationhood: Cartography, Science, and Society in the Russian Imperial Baltic|isbn=9780192844323|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>
-* The countries on the historical [[British Empire|British]] trade route through the Baltic Sea, i.e. including the [[Scandinavian Peninsula]] ([[Sweden]] and [[Norway]]).{{cn|date=June 2020}}
+* The countries on the historical [[British Empire|British]] trade route through the Baltic Sea, i.e. including the [[Scandinavian Peninsula]] ([[Sweden]] and [[Norway]]).{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
+* The [[Warsaw Accord|negotiating members]] of the Grand [[Baltic Entente]] also known as the Baltic League: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Townsend |first1=Mary Evelyn |title=The Baltic States |date=September 1921 |publisher=The Institute of international education}}</ref>
-* The [[Council of the Baltic Sea States]], comprised by the countries with shorelines along the Baltic Sea, in addition to [[Norway]], [[Iceland]] and the rest of [[European Union]].{{cn|date=June 2020}}
+* Members of the [[Council of the Baltic Sea States]] (CBSS),<ref name="ecCBSS">{{cite web |last1=European Commission |author1-link=European Commission |title=CBSS - Council of Baltic Sea States |url=https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/organisation/cbss-council-baltic-sea-states_en |website=knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Union |access-date=2 June 2021 |quote=The Council of the Baltic Sea States is an overall political forum for regional inter-governmental cooperation. The Members of the Council are the eleven states of the Baltic Sea Region as well as the European Commission. |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215704/https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/organisation/cbss-council-baltic-sea-states_en |url-status=live }}</ref> are the countries{{efn|State members of CBSS: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia and Sweden.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Council of the Baltic Sea States |title=CBSS - About Us |url=https://cbss.org/organisation/about-us/ |access-date=2 June 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510051511/https://cbss.org/organisation/about-us/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} with shorelines along the Baltic Sea, in addition to [[Norway]], [[Iceland]] and the [[European Commission]].
-* The islands of the [[Euroregion]] [[B7 Baltic Islands Network]], which includes the islands and archipelagos [[Åland]] (autonomous), [[Bornholm]] ([[Denmark]]), [[Gotland]] ([[Sweden]]), [[Hiiumaa]] (Estonia), [[Öland]] ([[Sweden]]), [[Rügen]] ([[Germany]]), and [[Saaremaa]] (Estonia).{{cn|date=June 2020}}
+* The islands of the [[Euroregion]] [[B7 Baltic Islands Network]], which includes the islands and archipelagos [[Åland]] (autonomous region of [[Finland]]), [[Bornholm]] ([[Denmark]]), [[Gotland]] ([[Sweden]]), [[Hiiumaa]] (Estonia), [[Öland]] ([[Sweden]]), [[Rügen]] ([[Germany]]), and [[Saaremaa]] (Estonia).<ref name="b7charter">{{cite news |last1=B7 Steering Committee |title=Charter of the B7 |url=https://discomap.eea.europa.eu/map/Data/Milieu/OURCOAST_098_Baltic/OURCOAST_098_Baltic_Doc2_BalticSevenCharter.pdf |access-date=30 June 2021 |work=B7 Baltic Islands Network |date=8 September 2004 |archive-date=14 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614094138/https://discomap.eea.europa.eu/map/Data/Milieu/OURCOAST_098_Baltic/OURCOAST_098_Baltic_Doc2_BalticSevenCharter.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
-* On historic [[Scandinavian languages|Scandinavian]] and [[German language|German]] maps, the ''Balticum'' sometimes includes only the historically or culturally German-dominated lands, or provinces, of Estonia, [[Livonia]], [[Courland]] and [[Latgale]] (corresponding to modern [[Estonia]] and Latvia), as well as sometimes [[Pomerania]], [[Kashubia]] and [[East Prussia]], while the historically less-Germanized Lithuania is occasionally excluded.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}}
+* On historic [[Scandinavian languages|Scandinavian]] and [[German language|German]] maps, the ''Balticum'' sometimes includes only the historically or culturally German-dominated lands, or provinces, of Estonia, [[Livonia]], [[Courland]] and [[Latgale]] (corresponding to modern [[Estonia]] and Latvia),  [[East Prussia]], [[Samogitia]] (corresponding to modern Western Lithuania) as well as sometimes [[Pomerania]], [[Kashubia]], while the historically less-Germanized [[Lithuania proper|Eastern Lithuania]] is occasionally excluded.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}}
-*In geology, the [[Baltic Shield]] includes Fennoscandia, parts of northwestern Russia and the northern Baltic Sea.{{cn|date=June 2020}}
+*In geology, the [[Baltic Shield]] includes [[Fennoscandia]], parts of northwestern Russia and the northern Baltic Sea.<ref name="EB2004">{{cite book |last1=Dunbar |first1=Moira |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=2004 |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic#ref57843 |language=en |chapter=Arctic: Geology |access-date=30 June 2021 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824100437/https://www.britannica.com/place/Arctic#ref57843 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Beck2008">{{cite journal |last1=Beckholmen |first1=Monica |last2=Tirén |first2=Sven A |title=The geological history of the Baltic Sea: A review of the literature and investigation tools |journal=Swedish Radiation Safety Authority - Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten |date=September 2008 |id=Report number: 2009:21 |url=https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/963502 |access-date=30 June 2021 |issn=2000-0456 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181220/https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/963502 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 == See also ==
 * [[Baltia]] (Roman mythology)
+* [[Baltic states]]
 * [[Baltoscandia]]
 * [[Council of the Baltic Sea States]]
 * [[List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Northern Europe]]
-* [[Nordic identity in Estonia|Nordic Estonia]]
+* [[Nordic identity in Estonia]]
 * [[Northern Dimension]]
 * [[North Sea Region]]
+== Notes ==
+{{Notelist}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 38: / Line 45: @@
 == Further reading ==
 * Norbert Götz. [http://balticworlds.com/spatial-politics-fuzzy-regionalism/ "Spatial Politics and Fuzzy Regionalism: The Case of the Baltic Sea Area."] ''Baltic Worlds'' 9 (2016) 3: 54–67.
+* {{cite book | title=The Baltic Sea region: cultures, politics, societies | publisher=Baltic University Press | publication-place=Uppsala | date=2002 | isbn=978-91-973579-8-2 | editor-first= Witold |editor-last=Maciejewski}}
 == External links ==
-{{Commons category|Baltic region}}
+{{Commons category}}
-* [https://cbss.org Council of the Baltic Sea States] official website
+* {{oweb|https://cbss.org}} of the Council of the Baltic Sea States
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080208170859/http://itameri.kyamk.fi/e.html The Baltic Sea Information Centre]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080208170859/http://itameri.kyamk.fi/e.html The Baltic Sea Information Centre] (archived 8 February 2008)
-* [http://balticsea-region-strategy.eu/ EU Baltic Sea Region Strategy] (EUSBSR) - a strategy aiming to accelerate the integration of the region
+* [http://balticsea-region-strategy.eu/ EU Baltic Sea Region Strategy] (EUSBSR) – a strategy aiming to accelerate the integration of the region
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100610233030/http://www.balticuniv.uu.se/index.php The Baltic University Programme] - a University network focused on a sustainable development in the Baltic Sea region.
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100610233030/http://www.balticuniv.uu.se/index.php The Baltic University Programme] – a university network focused on a sustainable development in the Baltic Sea region (archived 10 June 2010)
 * [http://www.vasab.org/ Baltic Sea Region Spatial Planning Initiative VASAB]
-* [http://eu.baltic.net/ Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007-2013]
+* [http://eu.baltic.net/ Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007–2013]
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131207061449/http://www.vifanord.de/index.php?id=1&L=1&rd=243343734 Vifanord] – a digital library that provides scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as the Baltic region as a whole.
+* [https://portal.vifanord.de/ Vifanord] – a digital library that provides scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as the Baltic region as a whole.
 {{Countries bordering the Baltic Sea}}
@@ Line 54: / Line 62: @@
 [[Category:Baltic region| ]]
 [[Category:Baltic Sea|Region]]
-[[Category:Geography of Central Europe]]
+[[Category:Geography of Europe]]
-[[Category:Geography of Eastern Europe]]
-[[Category:Geography of Northern Europe]]
 [[Category:Regions of Europe]]