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[[File:Charles-Pierre Chaix.jpg|thumb|Charles-Pierre Chais]] |
[[File:Charles-Pierre Chaix.jpg|thumb|Charles-Pierre Chais]] |
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'''Charles-Pierre Chais''' (1701–1785) was a [[Geneva]]n pastor, who spent much of his life in [[The Hague]]. He completed a Bible translation in French; however, it derived with commentary from English-language sources. |
'''Charles-Pierre Chais''' (1701–1785) was a [[Geneva]]n pastor, who spent much of his life in [[The Hague]]. He completed a Bible translation in French; however, it derived with commentary from English-language sources. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Chais was born in Geneva in January 1701. He was the son of Jean-François Chais and Alexandrine Maurice.<ref name="McNutt">{{cite book |last1=McNutt |first1=Jennifer Powell |title=Calvin Meets Voltaire: The Clergy of Geneva in the Age of Enlightenment, 1685–1798 |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-17011-2 |page=331 |url=https://books.google. |
Chais was born in Geneva in January 1701. He was the son of Jean-François Chais and Alexandrine Maurice.<ref name="McNutt">{{cite book |last1=McNutt |first1=Jennifer Powell |title=Calvin Meets Voltaire: The Clergy of Geneva in the Age of Enlightenment, 1685–1798 |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-17011-2 |page=331 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYwGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA331 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Chais, Charles-pierre from the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia. |url=https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/C/chais-charles-pierre.html |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Boswell>{{cite web|title=Charles Pierre Chais|url=http://www.jamesboswell.info/biography/charles-pierre-chais|last=Frandzen|first=Thomas|agency=Frandzen Communication|language=en|year=2014–2015}}</ref> He studied theology in Geneva, and then travelled in France, Germany, and Holland from 1724, when he was ordained, to 1728.<ref name="McNutt"/> |
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Chais was pastor of the Walloon Church at The Hague from 1728 and for the rest of his life.<ref name=Boswell/> He also acted as a diplomat. With [[François Fagel (1659–1746)]], he saw that Geneva was included in the [[Treaty of Vienna (1738)]], at the end of the [[War of the Polish Succession]]. Again, in the [[War of the Austrian Succession]], he had the help of Fagel in heading off a Spanish army, that was threatening Geneva in September 1742.<ref>William Eisler, ''The Dassier Workshop in Geneva and the Netherlands: Two Calvinist Republics Expressed in Medallic Form, 1695-1748'', pp. 211–234, at p. 215 and p. 225. {{ |
Chais was pastor of the Walloon Church at The Hague from 1728 and for the rest of his life.<ref name=Boswell/> He also acted as a diplomat. With [[François Fagel (1659–1746)]], he saw that Geneva was included in the [[Treaty of Vienna (1738)]], at the end of the [[War of the Polish Succession]]. Again, in the [[War of the Austrian Succession]], he had the help of Fagel in heading off a Spanish army, that was threatening Geneva in September 1742.<ref>William Eisler, ''The Dassier Workshop in Geneva and the Netherlands: Two Calvinist Republics Expressed in Medallic Form, 1695-1748'', pp. 211–234, at p. 215 and p. 225. {{JSTOR|j.ctt46mtmg.13}}</ref> His portrait in pastel was taken by [[Jean-Étienne Liotard]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Liotard in Nederland |date=1985 |publisher=Kwadraat |isbn=978-90-6481-049-7 |page=120 |language=nl}}</ref> |
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Chais was a member of the [[Holland Society of Sciences]] from 1753.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Raat |first1=Alexander J. P. |title=The Life of Governor Joan Gideon Loten (1710-1789): A Personal History of a Dutch Virtuoso |date=2010 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=978-90-8704-151-9 |page=763 note 21 |url=https://books.google. |
Chais was a member of the [[Holland Society of Sciences]] from 1753.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Raat |first1=Alexander J. P. |title=The Life of Governor Joan Gideon Loten (1710-1789): A Personal History of a Dutch Virtuoso |date=2010 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=978-90-8704-151-9 |page=763 note 21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2ymsrpA-iMC&pg=PA763 |language=en}}</ref> He died at The Hague in 1785.<ref name="Dict">{{cite web |last1=Glaire |first1=Jean-Baptiste |title=Dictionnaire universel des sciences ecclésiastiques|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMO7SVoVHrsC&pg=PA436 |page=436 |publisher=Librairie Poussielgue frères |language=fr |date=1868}}</ref> |
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== Works == |
== Works == |
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From 1742, Chais published volumes of a French [[Bible]] commentary, ''La Sainte Bible, ou le vieux et le nouveau testament avec un commentaire littéral composé de notes choisies et tirées de divers auteurs anglois''. A seventh volume appeared in 1790, edited by [[Archibald Maclaine]].<ref name=Boswell/> According to the front matter, the French text is based on the translation of [[David Martin (French theologian)|David Martin]].<ref>{{cite book |title=La Sainte Bible ou le vieuf et le Nouveau Testament avec un commentaire littéral composé de notes choisies et tirées de divers auteurs anglais |date=1742 |page=15 |url=https://books.google. |
From 1742, Chais published volumes of a French [[Bible]] commentary, ''La Sainte Bible, ou le vieux et le nouveau testament avec un commentaire littéral composé de notes choisies et tirées de divers auteurs anglois''. A seventh volume appeared in 1790, edited by [[Archibald Maclaine]].<ref name=Boswell/> According to the front matter, the French text is based on the translation of [[David Martin (French theologian)|David Martin]].<ref>{{cite book |title=La Sainte Bible ou le vieuf et le Nouveau Testament avec un commentaire littéral composé de notes choisies et tirées de divers auteurs anglais |date=1742 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bqfT77ewin0C&pg=PP15 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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Other works were: |
Other works were: |
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* ''Lettres historiques et dogmatiques sur les Jubilés et les indulgences à l'occasion du Jubilé Universel célébré à Rome'', 1751 |
* ''Lettres historiques et dogmatiques sur les Jubilés et les indulgences à l'occasion du Jubilé Universel célébré à Rome'', 1751 |
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* ''Théologie de l'Écriture Sainte, ou la Science du Salut'', 1752, 2 volumes |
* ''Théologie de l'Écriture Sainte, ou la Science du Salut'', 1752, 2 volumes |
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* ''Essai apologétique sur la méthode de communiquer la petite vérole par inoculation'', 1754.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chais |first1=Charles |title=Essai apologétique sur la méthode de communiquer la petite vérole par inoculation |date=1754 |publisher=Chez Pierre de Hondt |url=https://books.google. |
* ''Essai apologétique sur la méthode de communiquer la petite vérole par inoculation'', 1754.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chais |first1=Charles |title=Essai apologétique sur la méthode de communiquer la petite vérole par inoculation |date=1754 |publisher=Chez Pierre de Hondt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PWtaAAAAcAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> Chais paid close attention to the ''Journal Brittanique'' edited by [[Matthieu Maty]]; and noted in it a review of a 1752 sermon by [[Isaac Maddox]] in favour of [[inoculation]], given at the London Smallpox and Inoculation Hospital run by [[Edward Jenner]]. He wrote this early tract to promote inoculation, and became an authority on the subject.<ref>Uta Janssens, ''Matthieu Maty and the adoption of inoculation for smallpox in Holland'', Bulletin of the History of Medicine |
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Vol. 55, No. 2 (Summer 1981), pp. 246–256, at pp. 248–249. Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press. {{ |
Vol. 55, No. 2 (Summer 1981), pp. 246–256, at pp. 248–249. Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press. {{JSTOR|44441352}}</ref> |
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* ''Catéchisme historique et dogmatique'', 1755, La Haye. |
* ''Catéchisme historique et dogmatique'', 1755, La Haye. |
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Sermons were published posthumously, starting with ''Sermons sur divers textes de l'Ecriture sainte'' (1787).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chais |first1=Charles |title=Sermons sur divers textes de l'Ecriture sainte |date=1787 |publisher=chez B. Scheurleer |url=https://books.google. |
Sermons were published posthumously, starting with ''Sermons sur divers textes de l'Ecriture sainte'' (1787).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chais |first1=Charles |title=Sermons sur divers textes de l'Ecriture sainte |date=1787 |publisher=chez B. Scheurleer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kmk9AAAAcAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> |
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Chais translated as ''Les mœurs anglais'' (1758) [[John Brown (essayist)|John Brown]]'s ''Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times'' (1757).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=George |last2=Willison |first2=Ian R. |last3=Pickles |first3=J. D. |title=The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 2, 1660-1800 |date=1971 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-07934-1 |page=1968 |url=https://books.google. |
Chais translated as ''Les mœurs anglais'' (1758) [[John Brown (essayist)|John Brown]]'s ''Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times'' (1757).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=George |last2=Willison |first2=Ian R. |last3=Pickles |first3=J. D. |title=The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 2, 1660-1800 |date=1971 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-07934-1 |page=1968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5-s8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1968-IA29 |language=en}}</ref> With others, he edited the periodical ''Bibliothèque des Sciences et des Beaux Arts'' that was published at The Hague, from 1754 to 1778.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Strien |first1=C. D. van |last2=Strien |first2=Kees van |last3=Charrière |first3=Isabelle de |title=Isabelle de Charriere (Belle de Zuylen) |date=2005 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-429-1646-3 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXsGOPMz0yUC&pg=PA40 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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==Family== |
==Family== |
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[[Category:1785 deaths]] |
[[Category:1785 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Theologians from the Republic of Geneva]] |
[[Category:Theologians from the Republic of Geneva]] |
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[[Category:18th-century clergy from the Republic of Geneva]] |
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[[Category:Translators of the Bible into French]] |
[[Category:Translators of the Bible into French]] |
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[[Category:18th-century translators]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:05, 18 October 2024
Charles-Pierre Chais (1701–1785) was a Genevan pastor, who spent much of his life in The Hague. He completed a Bible translation in French; however, it derived with commentary from English-language sources.
Life
[edit]Chais was born in Geneva in January 1701. He was the son of Jean-François Chais and Alexandrine Maurice.[1][2][3] He studied theology in Geneva, and then travelled in France, Germany, and Holland from 1724, when he was ordained, to 1728.[1]
Chais was pastor of the Walloon Church at The Hague from 1728 and for the rest of his life.[3] He also acted as a diplomat. With François Fagel (1659–1746), he saw that Geneva was included in the Treaty of Vienna (1738), at the end of the War of the Polish Succession. Again, in the War of the Austrian Succession, he had the help of Fagel in heading off a Spanish army, that was threatening Geneva in September 1742.[4] His portrait in pastel was taken by Jean-Étienne Liotard.[5]
Chais was a member of the Holland Society of Sciences from 1753.[6] He died at The Hague in 1785.[7]
Works
[edit]From 1742, Chais published volumes of a French Bible commentary, La Sainte Bible, ou le vieux et le nouveau testament avec un commentaire littéral composé de notes choisies et tirées de divers auteurs anglois. A seventh volume appeared in 1790, edited by Archibald Maclaine.[3] According to the front matter, the French text is based on the translation of David Martin.[8]
Other works were:
- Le sens littéral de l'écriture sainte, 1751, 3 volumes, translated from the English of Thomas Stackhouse[7]
- Lettres historiques et dogmatiques sur les Jubilés et les indulgences à l'occasion du Jubilé Universel célébré à Rome, 1751
- Théologie de l'Écriture Sainte, ou la Science du Salut, 1752, 2 volumes
- Essai apologétique sur la méthode de communiquer la petite vérole par inoculation, 1754.[9] Chais paid close attention to the Journal Brittanique edited by Matthieu Maty; and noted in it a review of a 1752 sermon by Isaac Maddox in favour of inoculation, given at the London Smallpox and Inoculation Hospital run by Edward Jenner. He wrote this early tract to promote inoculation, and became an authority on the subject.[10]
- Catéchisme historique et dogmatique, 1755, La Haye.
Sermons were published posthumously, starting with Sermons sur divers textes de l'Ecriture sainte (1787).[11]
Chais translated as Les mœurs anglais (1758) John Brown's Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times (1757).[12] With others, he edited the periodical Bibliothèque des Sciences et des Beaux Arts that was published at The Hague, from 1754 to 1778.[13]
Family
[edit]Chais married in 1734 Wilhelma Antonia Pauw.[1] Their daughter Esther Wilhelmina Chais (1736–1789), married Archibald Maclaine, minister at the English Church in The Hague, in 1758.[14]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c McNutt, Jennifer Powell (2016). Calvin Meets Voltaire: The Clergy of Geneva in the Age of Enlightenment, 1685–1798. Routledge. p. 331. ISBN 978-1-317-17011-2.
- ^ Chais, Charles-pierre from the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia.
- ^ a b c Frandzen, Thomas (2014–2015). "Charles Pierre Chais". Frandzen Communication.
- ^ William Eisler, The Dassier Workshop in Geneva and the Netherlands: Two Calvinist Republics Expressed in Medallic Form, 1695-1748, pp. 211–234, at p. 215 and p. 225. JSTOR j.ctt46mtmg.13
- ^ Liotard in Nederland (in Dutch). Kwadraat. 1985. p. 120. ISBN 978-90-6481-049-7.
- ^ Raat, Alexander J. P. (2010). The Life of Governor Joan Gideon Loten (1710-1789): A Personal History of a Dutch Virtuoso. Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 763 note 21. ISBN 978-90-8704-151-9.
- ^ a b Glaire, Jean-Baptiste (1868). "Dictionnaire universel des sciences ecclésiastiques" (in French). Librairie Poussielgue frères. p. 436.
- ^ La Sainte Bible ou le vieuf et le Nouveau Testament avec un commentaire littéral composé de notes choisies et tirées de divers auteurs anglais (in French). 1742. p. 15.
- ^ Chais, Charles (1754). Essai apologétique sur la méthode de communiquer la petite vérole par inoculation (in French). Chez Pierre de Hondt.
- ^ Uta Janssens, Matthieu Maty and the adoption of inoculation for smallpox in Holland, Bulletin of the History of Medicine Vol. 55, No. 2 (Summer 1981), pp. 246–256, at pp. 248–249. Published by: The Johns Hopkins University Press. JSTOR 44441352
- ^ Chais, Charles (1787). Sermons sur divers textes de l'Ecriture sainte (in French). chez B. Scheurleer.
- ^ Watson, George; Willison, Ian R.; Pickles, J. D. (1971). The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 2, 1660-1800. Cambridge University Press. p. 1968. ISBN 978-0-521-07934-1.
- ^ Strien, C. D. van; Strien, Kees van; Charrière, Isabelle de (2005). Isabelle de Charriere (Belle de Zuylen) (in French). Peeters Publishers. p. 40. ISBN 978-90-429-1646-3.
- ^ Cameron, James K. "Maclaine, Archibald". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17636. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
