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{{Short description|American video game developer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
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| logo = Night School Studio.svg
| logo = Night School Studio.svg
| logo_alt = In an old [[serif]] fashion, the words "Night School" appear properly, while at the bottom, "Studio" is capitalized in a modern [[sans serif]] font.
| logo_alt = In an old [[serif]] fashion, the words "Night School" appear properly, while at the bottom, "Studio" is capitalized in a modern [[sans serif]] font.
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| parent = [[Netflix]] (2021–present)
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| industry = [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|2014|06|06}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|2014|06|06}}
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| hq_location_country = [[United States|U.S.]]
| hq_location_country = [[United States|U.S.]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Sean Krankel {{small|([[Chief commercial officer|CCO]])}}|Adam Hines {{small|([[creative director]])}}|Heather Gross {{small|(lead artist)}}|Bryant Cannon {{small|(lead engineer)}}}}
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Sean Krankel {{small|([[Chief commercial officer|CCO]])}}|[[Adam Hines]] {{small|([[creative director]])}}|Heather Gross {{small|(lead artist)}}|Bryant Cannon {{small|(lead engineer)}}}}
| products = {{Unbulleted list|''[[Oxenfree]]''|''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n''|''Afterparty''}}
| products = {{Unbulleted list|''[[Oxenfree]]''|''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n''|''[[Afterparty (video game)|Afterparty]]''|''[[Oxenfree II: Lost Signals]]}}
| website = {{URL|nightschoolstudio.com}}
| website = {{URL|nightschoolstudio.com}}
}}
}}


'''Night School Studio, LLC''' is an American [[Independent video game development|independent video game developer]] and [[Video game publisher|publisher]] founded on June 6, 2014 by Sean Krankel and Adam Hines, and is based in [[Glendale, California]].
'''Night School Studio, LLC''' is an American video game developer and [[Video game publisher|publisher]]. It was founded on June 6, 2014 by Sean Krankel and [[Adam Hines]], and it is based in [[Glendale, California]].


After the founding of the company, the team started development on their debut, ''[[Oxenfree]]''. After setting up a casting call on [[Backstage (magazine)|Backstage]], the team moved to the development of the game. The first footage of the game was released on May 18, 2015, and the release was set for January 2016. Soon after, the game received positive reviews and a film adaption is in plans with [[Skybound Entertainment]].
After the founding of the company, the team started development on their debut, ''[[Oxenfree]]''. After setting up a casting call on [[Backstage (magazine)|Backstage]], the team moved to the development of the game. The first footage of the game was released on May 18, 2015, and the release was set for January 2016. Soon after, the game received positive reviews and a film adaptation is in plans with [[Skybound Entertainment]].


Along with [[Telltale Games]], Night School Studio also co-developed the "Text Adventure" mode for ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n'' (called ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n.ipa'' on [[iOS]] and ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n.apk'' on [[Android (operating system)|Android]]).
Along with [[Telltale Games]], Night School Studio also co-developed the "Text Adventure" mode for ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n'' (called ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n.ipa'' on [[iOS]] and ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n.apk'' on [[Android (operating system)|Android]]). Night School Studio was acquired by [[Netflix]] in September 2021 as part of the streaming service's venture into video games.


== History ==
== History ==
Night School Studio was founded on October 1, 2014 by Sean Krankel and his cousin Adam Hines, both respectively former [[Telltale Games]] and [[Disney Interactive Studios]] developers.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/herocomplex/la-et-hc-the-player-oxenfree-20160104-story.html|title = Why 'Oxenfree' may just be the first must-play game of 2016|last = Martens|first = Todd|date = January 4, 2016|work = [[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via = [[tronc]]}}</ref> After setting up the company, the team then decided to develop a new game. Soon after, a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] was issued by the company on [[Backstage (magazine)|Backstage]] which then expired on November 21, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.backstage.com/casting/oxenfree-51308/|title = 'Oxenfree' Casting Call|last =|first =|date =|website =|publisher = [[Backstage (magazine)|Backstage]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref>
Night School Studio was founded on October 1, 2014 by Sean Krankel and his cousin Adam Hines, both respectively former [[Disney Interactive Studios]] and [[Telltale Games]] developers.<ref name="latimes1">{{Cite news|url = http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/herocomplex/la-et-hc-the-player-oxenfree-20160104-story.html|title = Why 'Oxenfree' may just be the first must-play game of 2016|last = Martens|first = Todd|date = January 4, 2016|work = [[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via = [[tronc]]}}</ref> After setting up the company, the team then decided to develop a new game. Soon after, a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] was issued by the company on [[Backstage (magazine)|Backstage]] which then expired on November 21, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.backstage.com/casting/oxenfree-51308/|title = 'Oxenfree' Casting Call|publisher = [[Backstage (magazine)|Backstage]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref>


On March 1, 2015, the team posted a video titled "OXENFREE Official Trailer #1" onto their [[YouTube]] account.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.polygon.com/2015/5/18/8621337/oxenfree-gameplay-13-minutes-from-new-2015-adventure-game-night-school-studio-telltale|title = First gameplay from Oxenfree, 2015's coolest-looking adventure game|last = Robinson|first = Nick|date = May 18, 2015|publisher = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|accessdate = January 16, 2016}}</ref> The group then announced ''[[Oxenfree]]'' on March 5, in which the plot revolved around a group of teenagers exploring a decommissioned island surrounded by ghosts.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2015/03/03/ex-telltale-devs-announce-supernatural-thriller-oxenfree/|title = Ex-Telltale Devs Announce Supernatural Thriller "Oxenfree"|last = Co|first = Alex|date = March 3, 2015|work = PlayStationLifeStyle|access-date = September 7, 2016|via =}}</ref> The studio, according to Krankel, had a very tight budget and could only make a single game.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/herocomplex/la-et-hc-the-player-oxenfree-20160104-story.html|title = Why 'Oxenfree' may just be the first must-play game of 2016|last = Martens|first = Todd|date = January 4, 2016|work = [[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via = [[tronc]]}}</ref> Gameplay footage was then released on 18 May.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.polygon.com/2015/5/18/8621337/oxenfree-gameplay-13-minutes-from-new-2015-adventure-game-night-school-studio-telltale|title = First gameplay from Oxenfree, 2015's coolest-looking adventure game|last = Robinson|first = Nick|date = May 18, 2015|publisher = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|accessdate = January 16, 2016}}</ref> On October 23, the second teaser was released, as well as the game's release slated for January 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/10/24/oxenfree-release-window-revealed|title = Oxenfree Release Window Revealed|last = Sirani|first = Jordan|date = October 24, 2015|publisher = [[IGN]]|accessdate = January 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqJ20Qdsmog|title = OXENFREE Official Teaser #2|last =|first =|date = October 23, 2015|website =|publisher = [[YouTube]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> On October 27, in an interview with ''Koalition'', when asked about the talking mechanic, Krankel said:<blockquote>If ''talking'' is the core mechanic of the game, how can we streamline the talking process? First, we can stop taking player control away and forcing the player into a cut scene. Next, we can put the dialogue choices as close to the player character as possible, so their dialogue choices really feel like an extension of their avatar. Those two design goals really drove a lot of our creative choices; everything from camera placement to the art direction to the pacing of the game.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://thekoalition.com/2015/oxenfree-fear-in-frequency-interview-with-sean-krankel|title = Oxenfree: Fear in Frequency|last = Singletary|first = Charles|date = 27 October 2015|work = The Koalition|access-date = 7 September 2016|via =}}</ref></blockquote>On January 14, 2016, the launch trailer was released.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAhrOoNR4ng|title = OXENFREE: LAUNCH TRAILER|last =|first =|date = January 14, 2016|website =|publisher = [[YouTube]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> A day after, the game was released for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[OS X]] and [[Xbox One]]. Within the same day, [[Skybound Entertainment]] announced a partnership with Night School Studio, in which a [[web series]] entitled ''The Story of Oxenfree'' was then released, detailing development on the game,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.skybound.com/oxenfree-is-out-this-friday-our-newest-partnership/|title = [UPDATE] OXENFREE is Out NOW! Our Newest Partnership!|last = Huntington|first = Brian|date = January 15, 2016|website = |publisher = [[Skybound Entertainment]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160516131659/http://www.skybound.com/oxenfree-is-out-this-friday-our-newest-partnership/|archive-date = May 16, 2016|url-status = dead}}</ref> as well a [[Film adaptation|film adaption]] and [[Product (business)|merchandise]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.blastr.com/2016-1-12/robert-kirkmans-studio-turn-indie-game-oxenfree-movie|title = Robert Kirkman's studio to turn indie game Oxenfree into a movie|last = Pinchefsky|first = Carol|date = January 12, 2016|work = [[Blastr]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via = [[Syfy]]}}</ref> On April 27 the company then announced that [[PlayStation 4]] version would be released, with an extended mode called Game+,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://blog.us.playstation.com/2016/04/27/oxenfree-possesses-ps4-on-may-31-with-a-host-of-new-features/|title = Oxenfree Possesses PS4 on May 31 with a Host of New Features|last = Krankel|first = Sean|date = April 27, 2016|website =|publisher = [[PlayStation]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> and was included in all versions after release.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://killscreen.com/articles/teen-ghost-story-oxenfree-to-get-new-endings-in-upcoming-directors-cut/|title = Teen ghost story Oxenfree to get new endings in upcoming Director's Cut|last = Ehrhardt|first = Michelle|date = April 27, 2016|work = [[Kill Screen]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via =}}</ref> It was then released on 31 May, with a [[Linux]] version released on June 1. The game received positive reviews from critics, and was selected for [[Indiecade]], which will be hosted from October 14–16 in [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.indiecade.com/games/selected/OXENFREE|title = OXENFREE|last =|first =|date =|website =|publisher = [[Indiecade]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref>
On March 1, 2015, the team posted a video titled "OXENFREE Official Trailer #1" onto their [[YouTube]] account.<ref name="polygon1">{{cite web|url = http://www.polygon.com/2015/5/18/8621337/oxenfree-gameplay-13-minutes-from-new-2015-adventure-game-night-school-studio-telltale|title = First gameplay from Oxenfree, 2015's coolest-looking adventure game|last = Robinson|first = Nick|date = May 18, 2015|publisher = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|accessdate = January 16, 2016}}</ref> The group then announced ''[[Oxenfree]]'' on March 5, in which the plot revolved around a group of teenagers exploring a decommissioned island surrounded by ghosts.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2015/03/03/ex-telltale-devs-announce-supernatural-thriller-oxenfree/|title = Ex-Telltale Devs Announce Supernatural Thriller "Oxenfree"|last = Co|first = Alex|date = March 3, 2015|work = PlayStationLifeStyle|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> The studio, according to Krankel, had a very tight budget and could only make a single game.<ref name="latimes1" /> Gameplay footage was then released on 18 May.<ref name="polygon1" /> On October 23, the second teaser was released, as well as the game's release slated for January 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/10/24/oxenfree-release-window-revealed|title = Oxenfree Release Window Revealed|last = Sirani|first = Jordan|date = October 24, 2015|publisher = [[IGN]]|accessdate = January 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqJ20Qdsmog|title = OXENFREE Official Teaser #2|date = October 23, 2015|publisher = [[YouTube]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> On October 27, in an interview with ''Koalition'', when asked about the talking mechanic, Krankel said:<blockquote>If ''talking'' is the core mechanic of the game, how can we streamline the talking process? First, we can stop taking player control away and forcing the player into a cut scene. Next, we can put the dialogue choices as close to the player character as possible, so their dialogue choices really feel like an extension of their avatar. Those two design goals really drove a lot of our creative choices; everything from camera placement to the art direction to the pacing of the game.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://thekoalition.com/2015/oxenfree-fear-in-frequency-interview-with-sean-krankel|title = Oxenfree: Fear in Frequency|last = Singletary|first = Charles|date = 27 October 2015|work = The Koalition|access-date = 7 September 2016}}</ref></blockquote>On January 14, 2016, the launch trailer was released.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAhrOoNR4ng|title = OXENFREE: LAUNCH TRAILER|date = January 14, 2016|publisher = [[YouTube]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> A day after, the game was released for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[OS X]] and [[Xbox One]]. Within the same day, [[Skybound Entertainment]] announced a partnership with Night School Studio, in which a [[web series]] entitled ''The Story of Oxenfree'' was then released, detailing development on the game,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.skybound.com/oxenfree-is-out-this-friday-our-newest-partnership/|title = [UPDATE] OXENFREE is Out NOW! Our Newest Partnership!|last = Huntington|first = Brian|date = January 15, 2016|publisher = [[Skybound Entertainment]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160516131659/http://www.skybound.com/oxenfree-is-out-this-friday-our-newest-partnership/|archive-date = May 16, 2016|url-status = dead}}</ref> as well a [[film adaptation]] and [[Product (business)|merchandise]].<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.blastr.com/2016-1-12/robert-kirkmans-studio-turn-indie-game-oxenfree-movie|title = Robert Kirkman's studio to turn indie game Oxenfree into a movie|last = Pinchefsky|first = Carol|date = January 12, 2016|work = [[Blastr]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via = [[Syfy]]|archive-date = January 16, 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160116194924/http://www.blastr.com/2016-1-12/robert-kirkmans-studio-turn-indie-game-oxenfree-movie|url-status = dead}}</ref> On April 27 the company then announced that [[PlayStation 4]] version would be released, with an extended mode called Game+,<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://blog.us.playstation.com/2016/04/27/oxenfree-possesses-ps4-on-may-31-with-a-host-of-new-features/|title = Oxenfree Possesses PS4 on May 31 with a Host of New Features|last = Krankel|first = Sean|date = April 27, 2016|publisher = [[PlayStation]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> and was included in all versions after release.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://killscreen.com/articles/teen-ghost-story-oxenfree-to-get-new-endings-in-upcoming-directors-cut/|title = Teen ghost story Oxenfree to get new endings in upcoming Director's Cut|last = Ehrhardt|first = Michelle|date = April 27, 2016|work = [[Kill Screen]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> It was then released on 31 May, with a [[Linux]] version released on June 1. The game received positive reviews from critics, and was selected for [[Indiecade]], which will be hosted from October 14–16 in [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.indiecade.com/games/selected/OXENFREE|title = OXENFREE|publisher = [[Indiecade]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref>


During August 2016, ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n'', a [[mobile game]], was developed by Night School Studio,<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/18/12532664/telltale-mr-robot-exfiltration-ios-android-game-night-school|title = The Mr. Robot mobile game feels like a miniature conspiracy ARG|last = Robertson|first = Abi|date = August 18, 2016|work = [[The Verge]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via = [[Vox Media]]}}</ref> the company's mobile debut, and published by Telltale. Following release, a "Text" mode, being co-developed by Telltale,<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/mr-robot-text-game-nightschool/|title = Mr Robot gets 'Text' Adventure with NightSchool and Telltale|last = Martindale|first = Jon|date = August 17, 2016|work = [[Digital Trends]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via =}}</ref> was also included within the game as well.
During August 2016, ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n'', a [[mobile game]] based on the television series ''[[Mr. Robot]]'', was developed by Night School Studio,<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/18/12532664/telltale-mr-robot-exfiltration-ios-android-game-night-school|title = The Mr. Robot mobile game feels like a miniature conspiracy ARG|last = Robertson|first = Abi|date = August 18, 2016|work = [[The Verge]]|access-date = September 7, 2016|via = [[Vox Media]]}}</ref> the company's mobile debut, and published by Telltale. Following release, a "Text" mode, being co-developed by Telltale,<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/mr-robot-text-game-nightschool/|title = Mr Robot gets 'Text' Adventure with NightSchool and Telltale|last = Martindale|first = Jon|date = August 17, 2016|work = [[Digital Trends]]|access-date = September 7, 2016}}</ref> was also included within the game as well.


Around this time, Telltale had acquired the rights to make a game based on the television show ''[[Stranger Things]]''. While Telltale was planning its own adventure game, they contacted Night School to develop a companion game, a first-person narrative title that would serve as a lead-in to their game. Night School brought in four more staff to help with this game. However, over the course of 2017 and 2018, Telltale had several internal issues, leading to difficulties in communication between the Telltale and Night School teams, and failure of Telltale to pay for completed milestones. In October 2018, Telltale announced its surprise closure, leaving Night School's game in limbo. According to a source speaking to ''[[The Verge]]'', Night School would have also suffered financial hardships if they had not been concurrently working on ''Afterparty'' as well.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/23/18510849/stranger-things-secret-games-telltale-studio-closed | title = A secret Stranger Things game died before it was even announced | first = Megan | last = Farokhmanesh | date = April 23, 2019 | accessdate = April 23, 2019 | work = [[The Verge]] }}</ref>
Around this time, Telltale had acquired the rights to make a game based on the television show ''[[Stranger Things]]''. While Telltale was planning its own adventure game, they contacted Night School to develop a companion game, a first-person narrative title that would serve as a lead-in to their game. Night School brought in four more staff to help with this game. However, over the course of 2017 and 2018, Telltale had several internal issues, leading to difficulties in communication between the Telltale and Night School teams, and failure of Telltale to pay for completed milestones. In October 2018, Telltale announced its surprise closure, leaving Night School's game in limbo. According to a source speaking to ''[[The Verge]]'', Night School would have also suffered financial hardships if they had not been concurrently working on ''Afterparty'' as well.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/23/18510849/stranger-things-secret-games-telltale-studio-closed | title = A secret Stranger Things game died before it was even announced | first = Megan | last = Farokhmanesh | date = April 23, 2019 | accessdate = April 23, 2019 | work = [[The Verge]] }}</ref>

Night School Studio was acquired by [[Netflix]] in September 2021, as part of Netflix's venture into video game offerings. The acquisition did not affect the studio's work on ''Oxenfree II''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://venturebeat.com/2021/09/28/netflix-acquires-its-first-game-studio-in-deal-with-oxenfree-creator-night-school-studio/ | title = Netflix acquires its first game studio in deal with Oxenfree creator Night School Studio | first = Dean | last = Takahashi | date = September 28, 2021 | accessdate = September 28, 2021 | work = [[Venture Beat]] }}</ref>

== Controversy ==
In September 2024, Night School Studio removed ''Oxenfree'' from the [[Itch.io]] storefront and sent users who had purchased the game on the platform a message informing them that they would no longer be able to download the game from Itch.io as of 1 October 2024,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Colp |first=Tyler |date=2024-09-09 |title=Another reminder that your digital library isn't forever: Oxenfree will be completely removed from Itch.io next month |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/games/adventure/another-reminder-that-your-digital-library-isn-t-forever-oxenfree-will-be-completely-removed-from-itch-io-next-month/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910004656/https://www.pcgamer.com/games/adventure/another-reminder-that-your-digital-library-isn-t-forever-oxenfree-will-be-completely-removed-from-itch-io-next-month/ |archive-date=2024-09-10 |access-date=2024-09-10 |work=[[PC Gamer]]}}</ref> which led some fans online to blame Night School Studio owner Netflix for the removal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gault |first=Matthew |date=2024-09-09 |title=Netflix-Owned Game Studio Removes Beloved Indie Title From Itch.io |url=https://gizmodo.com/netflix-owned-game-studio-removes-beloved-indie-title-from-itch-io-2000496378 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910005224/https://gizmodo.com/netflix-owned-game-studio-removes-beloved-indie-title-from-itch-io-2000496378 |archive-date=2024-09-10 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=[[Gizmodo]] |language=en-US}}</ref>


== Games developed ==
== Games developed ==
Line 41: Line 48:
| ''[[Oxenfree]]''
| ''[[Oxenfree]]''
| [[Graphic adventure game|Graphic adventure]]
| [[Graphic adventure game|Graphic adventure]]
| {{Unbulleted list|[[Microsoft Windows]]|[[OS X]]|[[Linux]]|[[PlayStation 4]]|[[Xbox One]]|[[Nintendo Switch]]|[[iOS]]|[[Android (operating system)|Android]]}}
| [[Microsoft Windows]], [[OS X]], [[Linux]], [[PlayStation 4]], [[Xbox One]], [[Nintendo Switch]], [[iOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
|-
|-
| ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n''
| ''Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n''
| [[Adventure game|Adventure]]
| [[Adventure game|Adventure]]
| iOS, Android
| {{Unbulleted list|[[iOS]]|[[Android (operating system)|Android]]}}
|-
|-
| 2019
| 2019
| ''[[Afterparty (video game)|Afterparty]]''
| ''[[Afterparty (video game)|Afterparty]]''
| [[Graphic adventure game|Graphic adventure]]
| Graphic adventure
| {{Unbulleted list|[[Microsoft Windows]]|[[OS X]]|[[PlayStation 4]]|[[Xbox One]]|[[Nintendo Switch]]}}
| Microsoft Windows, [[macOS]], PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch
|-
|-
| 2020
| 2020
| ''Next Stop Nowhere''
| ''Next Stop Nowhere''
| [[Adventure game|Adventure]]
| Adventure
| iOS, macOS
| {{Unbulleted list|[[iOS]]|[[OS X]]}}
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Oxenfree II: Lost Signals]]''
| Graphic adventure
| Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, [[PlayStation 5]], Nintendo Switch, [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]]
|}
|}

==See also==
* ''[[Duncan the Wonder Dog]]'' by cofounder [[Adam Hines]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 63: Line 78:
== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Official website|nightschoolstudio.com}}
* {{Official website|nightschoolstudio.com}}

{{Netflix}}


[[Category:2014 establishments in California]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in California]]
[[Category:American companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:American companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:Independent video game developers]]
[[Category:Indie game developers]]
[[Category:Video game companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Video game companies based in California]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:Video game companies established in 2014]]
[[Category:Companies based in Glendale, California]]
[[Category:Companies based in Glendale, California]]
[[Category:Video game development companies]]
[[Category:2021 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Netflix]]
[[Category:American corporate subsidiaries]]

Latest revision as of 13:43, 23 December 2024

Night School Studio, LLC
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
FoundedJune 6, 2014; 10 years ago (2014-06-06)
Founder
  • Sean Krankel
  • Adam Hines
Headquarters
Glendale, California
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
ParentNetflix (2021–present)
Websitenightschoolstudio.com

Night School Studio, LLC is an American video game developer and publisher. It was founded on June 6, 2014 by Sean Krankel and Adam Hines, and it is based in Glendale, California.

After the founding of the company, the team started development on their debut, Oxenfree. After setting up a casting call on Backstage, the team moved to the development of the game. The first footage of the game was released on May 18, 2015, and the release was set for January 2016. Soon after, the game received positive reviews and a film adaptation is in plans with Skybound Entertainment.

Along with Telltale Games, Night School Studio also co-developed the "Text Adventure" mode for Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n (called Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n.ipa on iOS and Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n.apk on Android). Night School Studio was acquired by Netflix in September 2021 as part of the streaming service's venture into video games.

History

[edit]

Night School Studio was founded on October 1, 2014 by Sean Krankel and his cousin Adam Hines, both respectively former Disney Interactive Studios and Telltale Games developers.[1] After setting up the company, the team then decided to develop a new game. Soon after, a casting call was issued by the company on Backstage which then expired on November 21, 2014.[2]

On March 1, 2015, the team posted a video titled "OXENFREE Official Trailer #1" onto their YouTube account.[3] The group then announced Oxenfree on March 5, in which the plot revolved around a group of teenagers exploring a decommissioned island surrounded by ghosts.[4] The studio, according to Krankel, had a very tight budget and could only make a single game.[1] Gameplay footage was then released on 18 May.[3] On October 23, the second teaser was released, as well as the game's release slated for January 2016.[5][6] On October 27, in an interview with Koalition, when asked about the talking mechanic, Krankel said:

If talking is the core mechanic of the game, how can we streamline the talking process? First, we can stop taking player control away and forcing the player into a cut scene. Next, we can put the dialogue choices as close to the player character as possible, so their dialogue choices really feel like an extension of their avatar. Those two design goals really drove a lot of our creative choices; everything from camera placement to the art direction to the pacing of the game.[7]

On January 14, 2016, the launch trailer was released.[8] A day after, the game was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X and Xbox One. Within the same day, Skybound Entertainment announced a partnership with Night School Studio, in which a web series entitled The Story of Oxenfree was then released, detailing development on the game,[9] as well a film adaptation and merchandise.[10] On April 27 the company then announced that PlayStation 4 version would be released, with an extended mode called Game+,[11] and was included in all versions after release.[12] It was then released on 31 May, with a Linux version released on June 1. The game received positive reviews from critics, and was selected for Indiecade, which will be hosted from October 14–16 in San Francisco.[13]

During August 2016, Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n, a mobile game based on the television series Mr. Robot, was developed by Night School Studio,[14] the company's mobile debut, and published by Telltale. Following release, a "Text" mode, being co-developed by Telltale,[15] was also included within the game as well.

Around this time, Telltale had acquired the rights to make a game based on the television show Stranger Things. While Telltale was planning its own adventure game, they contacted Night School to develop a companion game, a first-person narrative title that would serve as a lead-in to their game. Night School brought in four more staff to help with this game. However, over the course of 2017 and 2018, Telltale had several internal issues, leading to difficulties in communication between the Telltale and Night School teams, and failure of Telltale to pay for completed milestones. In October 2018, Telltale announced its surprise closure, leaving Night School's game in limbo. According to a source speaking to The Verge, Night School would have also suffered financial hardships if they had not been concurrently working on Afterparty as well.[16]

Night School Studio was acquired by Netflix in September 2021, as part of Netflix's venture into video game offerings. The acquisition did not affect the studio's work on Oxenfree II.[17]

Controversy

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In September 2024, Night School Studio removed Oxenfree from the Itch.io storefront and sent users who had purchased the game on the platform a message informing them that they would no longer be able to download the game from Itch.io as of 1 October 2024,[18] which led some fans online to blame Night School Studio owner Netflix for the removal.[19]

Games developed

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Year Title Genre(s) Platform(s)
2016 Oxenfree Graphic adventure Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, iOS, Android
Mr. Robot:1.51exfiltrati0n Adventure iOS, Android
2019 Afterparty Graphic adventure Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch
2020 Next Stop Nowhere Adventure iOS, macOS
2023 Oxenfree II: Lost Signals Graphic adventure Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch, Android, iOS

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Martens, Todd (January 4, 2016). "Why 'Oxenfree' may just be the first must-play game of 2016". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 7, 2016 – via tronc.
  2. ^ "'Oxenfree' Casting Call". Backstage. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  3. ^ a b Robinson, Nick (May 18, 2015). "First gameplay from Oxenfree, 2015's coolest-looking adventure game". Polygon. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  4. ^ Co, Alex (March 3, 2015). "Ex-Telltale Devs Announce Supernatural Thriller "Oxenfree"". PlayStationLifeStyle. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  5. ^ Sirani, Jordan (October 24, 2015). "Oxenfree Release Window Revealed". IGN. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  6. ^ "OXENFREE Official Teaser #2". YouTube. October 23, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  7. ^ Singletary, Charles (October 27, 2015). "Oxenfree: Fear in Frequency". The Koalition. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  8. ^ "OXENFREE: LAUNCH TRAILER". YouTube. January 14, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  9. ^ Huntington, Brian (January 15, 2016). "[UPDATE] OXENFREE is Out NOW! Our Newest Partnership!". Skybound Entertainment. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  10. ^ Pinchefsky, Carol (January 12, 2016). "Robert Kirkman's studio to turn indie game Oxenfree into a movie". Blastr. Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2016 – via Syfy.
  11. ^ Krankel, Sean (April 27, 2016). "Oxenfree Possesses PS4 on May 31 with a Host of New Features". PlayStation. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  12. ^ Ehrhardt, Michelle (April 27, 2016). "Teen ghost story Oxenfree to get new endings in upcoming Director's Cut". Kill Screen. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  13. ^ "OXENFREE". Indiecade. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  14. ^ Robertson, Abi (August 18, 2016). "The Mr. Robot mobile game feels like a miniature conspiracy ARG". The Verge. Retrieved September 7, 2016 – via Vox Media.
  15. ^ Martindale, Jon (August 17, 2016). "Mr Robot gets 'Text' Adventure with NightSchool and Telltale". Digital Trends. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  16. ^ Farokhmanesh, Megan (April 23, 2019). "A secret Stranger Things game died before it was even announced". The Verge. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  17. ^ Takahashi, Dean (September 28, 2021). "Netflix acquires its first game studio in deal with Oxenfree creator Night School Studio". Venture Beat. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  18. ^ Colp, Tyler (September 9, 2024). "Another reminder that your digital library isn't forever: Oxenfree will be completely removed from Itch.io next month". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on September 10, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  19. ^ Gault, Matthew (September 9, 2024). "Netflix-Owned Game Studio Removes Beloved Indie Title From Itch.io". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on September 10, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
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