Joseph James DeAngelo: Difference between revisions

Joseph James DeAngelo
Joseph James DeAngelo
	Mug shot of DeAngelo taken in 2018
Born	Joseph James DeAngelo Jr.; November 8, 1945 (age 79); Bath, New York, U.S.
Other names	Visalia Ransacker; East Area Rapist; East Side Rapist; East Bay Rapist; Creek Bed Killer; Diamond Knot Killer; Original Night Stalker; EARONS; Golden State Killer;
Occupations	Police officer; Mechanic;
Height	5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)
Criminal status	Incarcerated at California State Prison, Corcoran
Spouse	Sharon Marie Huddle (m. 1973; div. 2019)
Children	3
Conviction(s)	First-degree murder with special circumstances (13 counts); Kidnapping (13 counts);
Criminal penalty	13 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole plus 8 years
Details
Victims	13+ murdered; 51+ raped; 120+ burgled;
Span of crimes	1974–1986
Country	United States
State(s)	California
Weapon	Various, including Miroku revolver
Date apprehended	April 24, 2018

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 09:16, 2 December 2024

Joseph James DeAngelo Jr. (born November 8, 1945) is an American serial killer, serial rapist, burglar, peeping tom,^[3]^[4] former police officer and mechanic who committed at least 13 murders, 51 rapes, and 120 burglaries across California between 1974 and 1986.^[5]^[6]^[7] He is responsible for three known separate crime sprees throughout the state, each of which spawned a different nickname in the press, before it became evident that they were committed by the same person.

In the San Joaquin Valley, DeAngelo was known as the Visalia Ransacker from 1974 to 1976, before moving to the Sacramento area, where he became known as the East Area Rapist from 1976 to 1979 and was linked by modus operandi to additional attacks in Stockton, Modesto and Contra Costa County.^[8]^[9] DeAngelo committed serial murders in Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Orange counties from 1979 to 1986, and was known as the Night Stalker and later the Original Night Stalker (in order to differentiate him from Richard Ramirez, a later serial killer who also became known as the "Night Stalker"). He is believed to have taunted and threatened both victims and police via obscene phone calls and possibly written communications.

During the decades-long investigation, several suspects were cleared through DNA evidence, alibis or other investigative methods.^[10] In 2001, the combined acronym EARONS came into use after DNA testing indicated that the East Area Rapist and the Original Night Stalker were the same person.^[6] The case was a factor in the establishment of California's DNA database, which collects DNA from all accused and convicted felons in California^[11] and has been called second only to Virginia's in effectiveness in solving cold cases.^[12] In an attempt to increase awareness, crime writer Michelle McNamara coined the name Golden State Killer in early 2013.^[6]

On June 15, 2016, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and local law enforcement agencies held a news conference to announce a renewed nationwide effort, offering a $50,000 reward for the Golden State Killer's capture.^[13] On April 24, 2018, California authorities charged 72-year-old DeAngelo with eight counts of first-degree murder, based upon DNA evidence;^[14]^[15]^[16] investigators had identified members of DeAngelo's family through forensic genetic genealogy.^[17] This was also the first announcement connecting the Visalia Ransacker crimes to DeAngelo.^[18]

Owing to California's statute of limitations on pre-2017 rape cases,^[19] DeAngelo could not be charged with the rapes he had committed in the 1970s;^[20] but he was charged in August 2018 with thirteen related kidnapping and abduction attempts.^[21] On June 29, 2020, DeAngelo pled guilty to multiple counts of murder and kidnapping.^[22] As part of a plea bargain that spared him the death penalty, DeAngelo also admitted to numerous crimes with which he had not been formally charged, including rapes.^[23] On August 21, 2020, DeAngelo was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.^[24]^[25]^[26]

Early life and career

Joseph James DeAngelo Jr. was born on November 8, 1945, in Bath, New York, to Kathleen "Kay" Louise DeGroat (June 30, 1923 – August 21, 2010) and Joseph James DeAngelo Sr. (January 19, 1920 – February 15, 1995), a sergeant in the United States Army.^[27]^[28] He was of Italian ancestry and had two older sisters, Connie and Rebecca, and a younger brother, John.^[29] A relative reported that when DeAngelo was a young child, he witnessed the rape of Connie by two airmen in a warehouse in West Germany, where the family was stationed at the time.^[30] Following DeAngelo's conviction, Rebecca claimed that he was abused by their father while he was growing up.^[31]

Between 1959 and 1960, DeAngelo attended Mills Junior High School in Rancho Cordova, California. Beginning in 1961, he attended Folsom High School, from which he received a GED certificate in 1964. He played on the school's junior varsity baseball team.^[32]^[33] Prosecutors reported that DeAngelo committed burglaries, mail theft, and tortured and killed animals during his teenage years.^[31]

DeAngelo joined the United States Navy in September 1964^[34] and served for 22 months during the Vietnam War as a damage controlman on the cruiser USS Canberra^[35] and the destroyer tender USS Piedmont.^[36] Beginning in August 1968, DeAngelo attended Sierra College in Rocklin, California; he graduated with an associate degree in police science, with honors.^[37] He attended Sacramento State University in 1971, where he earned a bachelor's degree in criminal justice.^[33]^[34] DeAngelo later took post-graduate courses^[34] and further police training at the College of the Sequoias in Visalia, then completed a 32-week police internship at the police department in Roseville.^[38]

Police officer

From May 1973 to August 1976, DeAngelo was a burglary unit police officer in Exeter, having relocated from Citrus Heights.^[32] He then served in Auburn from August 1976 to July 1979, when he was arrested for shoplifting a hammer and dog repellent; he was sentenced to six months of probation and fired that October.^[39]^[40] During the process of being fired, DeAngelo threatened to kill the chief of police and allegedly stalked the chief's house.^[39]

Marriage and relationships

In May 1970, DeAngelo became engaged to nursing student Bonnie Jean Colwell, a classmate at Sierra College, but she ended the relationship in 1971 after he became manipulative and abusive,^[41] culminating in his demand that she help him cheat on an abnormal psychology test.^[42] After the break-up, he attempted to force her to marry him by threatening her with a gun.^[39]^[43]^[44]

In November 1973, he married Sharon Marie Huddle of Citrus Heights, and the wedding was held in Auburn. In 1980, they purchased a house in Citrus Heights, where he was eventually arrested decades later.^[36] Huddle became a divorce attorney in 1982, and they had three daughters: two were born in Sacramento and one was born in Los Angeles.

The couple separated in 1991.^[45] In July 2018, several months after DeAngelo's arrest, Huddle filed for a divorce,^[32]^[44]^[46]^[47] which was finalized the following year.^[48] DeAngelo committed most of the offenses while he was married and raising a family. Neither his wife nor his children ever suspected he was committing serious crimes. His eldest daughter claimed he was a "perfect father",^[49] while his wife believed his excuses for being away from home.^[50]

Other employment

DeAngelo's employment history during the 1980s is unknown.^[39] From 1990 until his retirement in 2017, he worked as a truck mechanic at a Save Mart Supermarkets distribution center in Roseville.^[32]^[51] He was arrested in 1996 for failing to pay for gas, but the charge was dismissed.^[52]

Loud outbursts

DeAngelo's brother-in-law claimed that DeAngelo would casually bring up the East Area Rapist in conversation around the time of the original crimes. Neighbors also reported that he would frequently engage in loud, profane outbursts.^[40] One neighbor reported that his family received a phone message from DeAngelo threatening to "deliver a load of death" because of their barking dog.^[53] He was living with a daughter and granddaughter at the time of his arrest.^[39]

Crimes

DNA evidence linked DeAngelo to eight murders in Goleta, Ventura, Dana Point, and Irvine; two other murders in Goleta, lacking DNA evidence, were linked by modus operandi.^[54]^[55] DeAngelo pleaded guilty to three other murders: two in Rancho Cordova and one in Visalia. He also committed more than 50 known rapes in the California counties of Sacramento, Contra Costa, Stanislaus, San Joaquin, Alameda, Santa Clara, and Yolo; and he was linked to hundreds of incidents of thefts, burglaries, vandalism, peeping, stalking, and prowling.^[56]

Visalia Ransacker (1974–1976)

It was long suspected that the training ground of the criminal who became the East Area Rapist was Visalia.^[57]^[58]^[59]^[60]^[61] Earlier Visalia crimes dating back as early as May 1973 and other sprees like that of the "Cordova Cat Burglar" and the "Exeter Ransacker",^[62]^[63] as well as Visalia burglaries that took place after the shooting of Detective William McGowen (see below under "Shootings"), are now suspected to be linked also.^[64]^[65] Over a period of 20 months, DeAngelo is believed to have been responsible for one murder and around 120 burglaries.^[66]

In late-April 2018, the Visalia chief of police stated that while there was no DNA linking DeAngelo to the Central Valley cases, his department had other evidence that played a role in the investigation; and he was "confident that the Visalia Ransacker has been captured".^[67] Though the statutes of limitations for the burglaries have each expired,^[8]^[68] DeAngelo was formally charged on August 13, 2018, with the first degree murder of Claude Snelling in 1975.^[68]^[69] In 2020, DeAngelo pleaded guilty to the Snelling murder.^[70]

Burglaries

The first recorded ransacking occurred on March 19, 1974, when a sum of $50 in coins was stolen from a piggy bank.^[71] Most of the Ransacker's activities involved breaking into houses, rifling through or vandalizing the owner's possessions, scattering women's underclothes and stealing a range of low-value items while often ignoring banknotes and higher-valued items in plain sight.^[72] The Ransacker would also often arrange or display items in the house. Items emptied included piggy banks and coin jars; and stolen items often included Blue Chip Stamps, foreign or historic coins, and personal items (such as single earrings, cuff-links, rings, or medallions) but also included six weapons and various types of ammunition.^[71]^[73]^[74] Multiple same-day ransackings were common as well,^[75]^[76] including 12 separate incidents on November 30, 1974.^[71] Common characteristics of the burglaries included:^[77]^[71]^[78]

climbing fences and moving through established routes such as parks, walkways, ditches, and trails
attempting to pry open multiple points of entry, particularly windows
leaving multiple points of escape open, especially windows, as well as the house, garage, and garden doors
moving removed window screens onto beds or into bedrooms
placing "warning items" such as dishes or bottles against doors and on door handles
wearing gloves (given the absence of fingerprint evidence)

Shootings

On September 11, 1975, DeAngelo broke into the home of Claude Snelling, 45. Snelling, a journalism professor at the College of the Sequoias, had previously chased a prowler discovered under his 16-year-old daughter's bedroom window around 10:00 p.m. on February 5, 1975.^[71] On September 11, he was awakened around 2:00 a.m. by strange noises.^[79] Upon leaving his bedroom, Snelling ran through the open back door and confronted a ski-masked intruder in his carport attempting to kidnap his daughter, who had been subdued with threats of being stabbed or shot.^[80] Snelling was then shot twice, staggered back into the house to his wife, and later died.^[72]^[81] After the shooting, the assailant punched and kicked the daughter, leaving her on the ground, and fled the scene.^[82] A stolen bicycle, tied to the assailant, was found nearby at 615 Redwood Street.^[72] After the murder, Beth Snelling, 16, underwent hypnosis in order to gather further details.^[81] The Visalia police also committed more resources to apprehending the Ransacker,^[79] and a $4,000 reward was posted. Nighttime stakeouts were set up near houses that he had previously prowled, but the ransackings continued.

Around 8:30 p.m. on December 12, 1975,^[83] a masked man entered the back yard of a house at 1505 W. Kaweah Avenue, near where the Ransacker had been reported to frequent.^[84]^[85] When Detective William McGowen (on stakeout inside the garage) attempted to detain the man, the suspect shrieked, removed his mask, and feigned surrender after McGowen fired a warning shot.^[85]^[86] However, after jumping the fence to the house at 1501, he also pulled out a revolver with his left hand and fired once near McGowen's face, shattering his flashlight.^[87] Nearby officers rushed to aid McGowen, and the shooter was able to escape.^[86] Items collected as evidence included the flashlight, tennis shoe tracks, and dropped loot, namely Blue Chip Stamps and a sock full of coins.^[85]

East Area Rapist (1976–1979)

DeAngelo moved to the Sacramento area in 1976, where his crimes escalated from burglary to rape. The crimes initially centered on the then-unincorporated areas of Carmichael, Citrus Heights, and Rancho Cordova, east of Sacramento.^[7] His initial modus operandi was to stalk middle-class neighborhoods at night in search of women who were alone in one-story homes, usually near a school, creek, trail or other open space that would provide a quick escape.^[88] He was seen a number of times but always successfully fled; on one occasion, he shot and seriously wounded a young pursuer.

Most victims had seen or heard a prowler on their property before the attacks, and many had experienced break-ins. Police believed that the offender would conduct extensive reconnaissance in a targeted neighborhood—looking into windows and prowling in yards—before selecting a home to attack. It was believed that he sometimes entered the homes of future victims to unlock windows, unload guns, and plant ligatures for later use. He frequently telephoned future victims, sometimes for months in advance, to learn their daily routines.^[6]^[90]

Although DeAngelo originally targeted women alone in their homes or with children,^[10]^[91] he eventually preferred attacking couples.^[10]^[92]^[93] This change in modus operandi is believed to be a direct result of media reports claiming he only attacked women alone in the home. His usual method was to break in through a window or sliding glass door and awaken the sleeping occupants with a flashlight, threatening them with a handgun.^[10] Victims were subsequently bound with ligatures (often shoelaces) that he found or brought with him, then blindfolded and gagged them with towels that he had ripped into strips. The female victim was usually forced to tie up her male companion before she was bound.^[94] The bindings were often so tight that the victims' hands were numb for hours after being untied. He then separated the couple, often stacking dishes on the man's back and threatening to kill everyone in the house if he heard them rattle. He would then move the woman to the living room and rape her, often again and again.^[10]^[94]^[95] A decade later, police reported that DeAngelo repeatedly said, "I hate you, Bonnie," during a 1978 rape, the 37th attack.^[96] DeAngelo sometimes spent hours in the home ransacking closets and drawers,^[97] eating food in the kitchen, drinking beer, raping the woman again, or making additional threats. Victims sometimes thought he had left the house before he "jump[ed] from the darkness".^[94]

Rapes

#	Date	Time	Location	County	Ref.
1	Friday, June 18, 1976	4:00 a.m.	Rancho Cordova	Sacramento	^[98]^[99]^[100]
2	Monday, July 19, 1976	2:00 a.m.	Carmichael		^[99]^[100]
3	Sunday, August 29, 1976	3:20 a.m.	Rancho Cordova		^[99]^[100]
4	Saturday, September 4, 1976	11:30 p.m.	Carmichael		^[99]^[100]
5	Tuesday, October 5, 1976	6:45 a.m.	Citrus Heights		^[99]^[100]^[101]
6	Saturday, October 9, 1976	4:30 a.m.	Rancho Cordova		^[99]^[100]
7	Monday, October 18, 1976	2:30 a.m.	Carmichael		^[99]^[100]
8	Monday, October 18, 1976	11:00 p.m.	Rancho Cordova		^[99]^[100]
9	Wednesday, November 10, 1976	7:30 p.m.	Citrus Heights		^[99]^[100]
10	Saturday, December 18, 1976	7:00 p.m.	Carmichael		^[99]^[100]
11	Tuesday, January 18, 1977	11:00 p.m.	Sacramento		^[102]
12	Monday, January 24, 1977	12:00 a.m.	Citrus Heights		^[103]
13	Monday, February 7, 1977	6:45 a.m.	Carmichael		^[104]
14	Wednesday, February 16, 1977	10:30 p.m.	Sacramento		^[105]
15	Tuesday, March 8, 1977	4:00 a.m.	Arden-Arcade		^[106]
16	Friday, March 18, 1977	10:45 p.m.	Rancho Cordova		^[107]
17	Saturday, April 2, 1977	3:20 a.m.	Orangevale		^[108]^[109]
18	Friday, April 15, 1977	2:30 a.m.	Carmichael		^[110]
19	Tuesday, May 3, 1977	3:00 a.m.	Sacramento		^[111]
20	Thursday, May 5, 1977	2:40 a.m.	Orangevale		^[111]
21	Saturday, May 14, 1977	3:45 a.m.	Citrus Heights		^[112]
22	Tuesday, May 17, 1977	1:30 a.m.	Carmichael		^[113]
23	Saturday, May 28, 1977	1:00 a.m.	Parkway		^[114]
24	Tuesday, September 6, 1977	1:30 a.m.	Stockton	San Joaquin	^[115]
25	Saturday, October 1, 1977	1:30 a.m.	La Riviera	Sacramento	^[116]
26	Friday, October 21, 1977	3:00 a.m.	Foothill Farms		^[117]
27	Saturday, October 29, 1977	1:45 a.m.	Arden-Arcade		^[118]
28	Thursday, November 10, 1977	3:00 a.m.	Sacramento		^[119]
29	Friday, December 2, 1977	11:30 p.m.	Foothill Farms		^[120]
30	Saturday, January 28, 1978	10:15 p.m.	Carmichael		^[121]
31	Saturday, March 18, 1978	11:00 p.m.	Stockton	San Joaquin	^[122]
32	Friday, April 14, 1978	10:00 p.m.	Sacramento	Sacramento	^[123]^[124]
33	Monday, June 5, 1978	2:30 a.m.	Modesto	Stanislaus	^[124]^[125]
34	Wednesday, June 7, 1978	3:55 a.m.	Davis	Yolo	^[126]
35	Friday, June 23, 1978	1:30 a.m.	Modesto	Stanislaus	^[108]^[109]
36	Saturday, June 24, 1978	3:15 a.m.	Davis	Yolo	^[108]^[109]
37	Thursday, July 6, 1978	2:50 a.m.	Davis	Yolo	^[127]
38	Saturday, October 7, 1978	2:30 a.m.	Concord	Contra Costa	^[128]
39	Friday, October 13, 1978	4:30 a.m.	Concord		^[129]
40	Saturday, October 28, 1978	4:30 a.m.	San Ramon		^[130]
41	Saturday, November 4, 1978	3:30 a.m.	San Jose	Santa Clara	^[108]^[109]
42	Saturday, December 2, 1978	4:30 a.m.	San Jose	Santa Clara	^[108]^[109]
43	Saturday, December 9, 1978	2:00 a.m.	Danville	Contra Costa	^[108]^[109]
44	Monday, December 18, 1978	6:30 p.m.	San Ramon	Contra Costa	^[108]^[109]
45	Tuesday, March 20, 1979	5:00 a.m.	Rancho Cordova	Sacramento	^[108]^[109]
46	Wednesday, April 4, 1979	1:00 a.m.	Fremont	Alameda	^[131]
47	Saturday, June 2, 1979	11:30 p.m.	Walnut Creek	Contra Costa	^[132]
48	Monday, June 11, 1979	4:00 a.m.	Danville		^[133]
49	Monday, June 25, 1979	4:00 a.m.	Walnut Creek		^[134]
50	Thursday, July 5, 1979	3:45 a.m.	Danville		^[135]

Maggiore murders

A young Sacramento couple—21-year-old Brian Keith Maggiore, a military policeman at Mather Air Force Base, and his 20-year-old wife Katie Lee Maggiore—were walking their dog in the Rancho Cordova area on the night of February 2, 1978, near where five East Area Rapist attacks had occurred.^[136] The Maggiores fled after a confrontation in the street but were chased down and shot to death.^[137] Some investigators suspected that they had been murdered by the East Area Rapist because of their proximity to the other attacks' locations, and a shoelace was found nearby. The FBI announced on June 15, 2016, that it was confident that the East Area Rapist had murdered the Maggiores.^[138] On June 29, 2020, DeAngelo entered a plea of guilty to these murders.^[139]

Original Night Stalker (1979–1986)

Shortly after the rape committed on July 5, 1979, DeAngelo moved to Southern California and began killing his victims, first striking in Santa Barbara County in October. The attacks lasted until 1981, with a lone 1986 attack. Only the couple in the first attack survived, alerting neighbors and forcing the intruder to flee; the other victims were murdered by gunshot or bludgeoning. Since DeAngelo was not linked to these crimes for decades, he was known as the Night Stalker in the area, before being renamed the Original Night Stalker after serial killer Richard Ramirez received the former nickname.^[140]

Crimes
#	Date	Victim(s)	Location	County
1	Monday, October 1, 1979	None (attempted murder; botched attack)	Queen Ann Lane, Goleta^[141]	Santa Barbara
2	Sunday, December 30, 1979	Robert Offerman and Debra Manning	Goleta^[142]	Santa Barbara
3	Thursday, March 13, 1980	Charlene and Lyman Smith	Ventura^[143]	Ventura
4	Tuesday, August 19, 1980	Keith and Patrice Harrington	Dana Point^[144]	Orange
5	Friday, February 6, 1981	Manuela Witthuhn	Irvine^[144]^[145]	Orange
6	Monday, July 27, 1981	Cheri Domingo and Gregory Sanchez	Goleta^[146]	Santa Barbara
7	Sunday, May 4, 1986	Janelle Cruz	Irvine^[55]^[147]	Orange

1979

On October 1, an intruder broke in and tied up a Goleta couple. Alarmed at hearing him say, "I'll kill 'em" to himself,^[10] the man and woman tried to escape when he left the room, and the woman screamed. Realizing that the alarm had been raised, the intruder fled on a bicycle.^[10] A neighbor (an FBI agent) responded to the noise and pursued the perpetrator, who abandoned the bicycle and a knife and escaped on foot through local backyards.

On December 30, 44-year-old orthopedic surgeon Dr. Robert Offerman and 35-year-old clinical psychologist Dr. Debra Alexandria Manning were found shot to death in the bedroom of Offerman's condominium on Avenida Pequena in Goleta. Manning had also been raped. Two of her rings were found hidden between the mattress and bed frame near her body.^[148] Offerman's bindings were untied, indicating that he had lunged at the attacker. Neighbors had heard gunshots.^[148] Paw prints of a large dog were found at the scene, leading to speculation that the killer may have brought one with him. The killer ate leftover Christmas turkey from Offerman's refrigerator, leaving the remnants in the kitchen. There was also evidence the killer had broken into the vacant adjoining condo and stolen a bicycle, later found abandoned on a street north of the scene, from a third residence in the complex.^[2]

1980

On March 13, 33-year-old interior designer Charlene Smith and 43-year-old attorney Lyman Smith were found murdered in their Ventura home;^[149] Charlene Smith had also been raped.^[10] A log from a woodpile on the side of the house was used to bludgeon the victims to death. They were discovered three days later by Lyman's 12-year old son when he stopped by to mow the lawn. The bedroom alarm clock was still going off. ^[150] Their wrists and ankles had been bound with drapery cord.^[10] An unusual Chinese knot, a diamond knot, was used on Charlene's wrists; the same knot was noted in the East Area Rapist attacks, at least one confirmed case of which was publicly known.^[2] The murderer was, therefore, briefly given the name Diamond Knot Killer.^[151]

On August 19, 24-year-old Keith Eli Harrington and 27-year-old Patrice Briscoe Harrington were found bludgeoned to death in their home on Cockleshell Drive in Dana Point's Niguel Shores gated community.^[152] Patrice Harrington had also been raped. She was bludgeoned so severely that her face and skull were pulverized.^[10]^[153] Although there was evidence that the Harringtons' wrists and ankles were bound, no murder weapon or ligatures were found at the scene.^[152] The Harringtons had been married for three months at the time of their deaths.^[152] Patrice was a pediatric nurse in Irvine, and Keith was a fourth year medical student at UC Irvine. He was on course to graduate early in December of 1980.^[152] Keith's brother Bruce later spent nearly $2 million supporting California Proposition 69, authorizing DNA collection from all California felons and certain other criminals.^[10]^[142]

1981

On February 6, 28-year-old Manuela Witthuhn was raped and murdered in her Irvine home.^[10]^[154] Although Witthuhn's body had signs of being tied before she was bludgeoned,^[10] no murder weapon or ligatures were found. Though the victim was married, her husband was away, hospitalized; and she was alone at the time of the attack.^[154]

On July 27, 35-year-old Cheri Domingo and 27-year-old Gregory Sanchez became the Original Night Stalker's tenth and eleventh murder victims.^[155] Both were attacked in Domingo's residence on Toltec Way in Goleta (several blocks south of Robert Offerman's condominium), where Domingo was living temporarily; it was owned by a relative and up for sale.^[156] The offender entered the house through a small bathroom window.

Some believe that Sanchez may have realized he was dealing with the man responsible for the Offerman–Manning murders and tried to tackle the killer rather than be tied up. Again, no neighbors responded to the gunshot.^[156] Sanchez's head was covered with clothes pulled from the closet. Domingo was raped and bludgeoned; bruises on her wrists and ankles indicated that she had been tied, although the restraints were missing.^[157] A piece of shipping twine was found near the bed, and fibers from an unknown source were scattered over her body.^[158] Authorities believed that the attacker may have worked as a painter or in a similar job at the Calle Real Shopping Centre.^[157]^[159]^[144]

1986

On May 4, 18-year-old Janelle Lisa Cruz was found dead after she was raped^[55]^[147] and bludgeoned in her Irvine home.^[160] Her family was on vacation in Mexico at the time of the attack. The house was for sale and her body was discovered by a realtor who stopped by to show the house to a prospective buyer. Janelle's body was found on her bed, beaten beyond recognition, with her teeth found in both her hair and lungs.^[10]^[154] A pipe wrench, reported missing by Cruz's stepfather, was thought to be the murder weapon.

Other suspected murders

After DeAngelo was arrested, he was also suspected of committing the 1974 Visalia rape and murder of Jennifer Armour, the 1975 Exeter rape and murder of Donna Jo Richmond, and a 1978 murder of a woman and her son in Simi Valley, but was cleared as a suspect in all four murders by DNA testing.^[161]^[162]^[163]^[164]^[165]^[166] Victoria Police ruled out a link between DeAngelo, who docked in Australia during his Navy service, and the Melbourne serial child rapist and murderer known as "Mr Cruel".^[167]

Communications

Written

"Excitement's Crave" poem

In December 1977, someone claiming to be the East Area Rapist sent a poem, "Excitement's Crave", to The Sacramento Bee, the Sacramento mayor's office, and television station KVIE. On December 11, a masked man eluded pursuit by law-enforcement personnel after alerting authorities by telephone that he would strike on Watt Avenue that night:^[168]

Excitement's Crave

All those mortal's surviving birth
Upon facing maturity,
Take inventory of their worth
To prevailing society.

Choosing values becomes a task;
Oneself must seek satisfaction.
The selected route will unmask
Character when plans take action.

Accepting some work to perform
At fixed pay, but promise for more,
Is a recognized social norm,
As is decorum, seeking lore.

Achieving while others lifting
Should be cause for deserving fame.
Leisure tempts excitement seeking,
What's right and expected seems tame.

"Jessie James" has been seen by all,
And "Son of Sam" has an author.
Others now feel temptations call.
Sacramento should make an offer.

To make a movie of my life
That will pay for my planned exile.
Just now I'd like to add the wife
Of a Mafia lord to my file.

Your East Area Rapist
And deserving pest.
See you in the press or on T.V.

Homework pages and punishment map (December 9, 1978)

Front of "Mad is the Word"

Reverse of "Mad is the Word"

Front of the "punishment" map

Reverse of the map, with the word "punishment" scrawled across the page

During the investigation in Danville of the 42nd attack, investigators discovered three sheets of notebook paper near where a suspicious vehicle had reportedly been parked. They believe the pages were dropped accidentally, perhaps by falling out of a bag.^[6] The first sheet appears to be a homework essay on General George Armstrong Custer.^[6]

The second sheet contains a journal-style entry describing a teacher who made students write lines, which the author found humiliating:^[6]

"Mad is the word, the word that reminds me of 6th grade. I hated that year ... I wish I had know what was going to be going on during my 6th-grade year, the last and worst year of elementary school. Mad is the word that remains in my head about my dreadful year as a 6th grader. My Madness was one that was caused by disapointments that hurt me very much. Dissapointments from my teacher, such as feild trips that were planed, then canncled. My 6th-grade teacher gave me a lot of dissapointments which made me very mad and made me built a state of haterd in my heart, no one ever let me down that hard before and I never hated anyone as much as I did him. Disapointment wasn't the only reason that made me mad in my sixth-grade class, another was getting in trouble at school espeically talking thats what really bugged me was writing sentances, those awful sentance that my teacher made ... me write, hours and hours Id sit and write 50-100-150 sentance day and night I write those dreadful Paragraphs which embarrased me and more inportant it made me ashamed of myself which in turn, deep down in side made me realize that writing sentance wasn't fair it wasn't fair to make me suffer like that, it just wasn't fair to make me sit and wright until my bones aked, until my hand felt every horrid pain it ever had and as I wrote, I got mader and mader until I cried, I cried because I was ashamed I cried because I was discusted, I cried because I was mad, and I cried for myself, kid who kept on having to write those dane sentances. My Angryness from Sixth grade will scar my memory for life and I will be ashamed for my sixth grade year forever"

On the last sheet was a hand-drawn map of what appears to be a suburban neighborhood, with the word "punishment" scrawled across the reverse side.^[169] Investigators were unable to identify the area depicted in the map, although the artist clearly had knowledge of architectural layout and landscape design.^[170] According to Detective Larry Pool, the map is a fantasy location representing the rapist's desired striking ground.^[6]

Phone calls

"I'm the East Side Rapist" (March 18, 1977)

On March 18, 1977, the Sacramento County Sheriff's Office received three calls from a man claiming to be the East Area Rapist; none were recorded.^[171] The first two calls, received at 4:15 and 4:30 p.m., were identical and ended with the caller laughing and hanging up.

"You're never gonna catch me" (December 2, 1977)

A man claiming to be the rapist called the Sacramento Police Department, saying: "You're never gonna catch me, East Area Rapist, you dumb fuckers; I'm gonna fuck again tonight. Be careful!" The call was recorded and later released.^[90]

"Watt Avenue" (December 10, 1977)

Shortly before 10:00 p.m. on December 10, 1977, Sacramento authorities received two identical calls, saying, "I am going to hit tonight. Watt Avenue." Both were recorded, and the caller was identified as the same person who placed the call on December 2. Law-enforcement patrols were increased that night; and at 2:30 a.m., a masked man eluded officers after being seen bicycling on the Watt Avenue bridge. When spotted again at 4:30 a.m., he discarded the bicycle and fled on foot.^[168]

"Gonna kill you" (January 2, 1978)

The first known rape victim received a wrong-number call asking for "Ray" on January 2, 1978. The call was recorded, and police suspect that it may have been the same caller who made a threatening call to her later that evening.^[172] That call was also recorded and identified by the victim as the voice of her assailant.^[6] The caller said, "Gonna kill you ... gonna kill you ... gonna kill you ... bitch ... bitch ... bitch ... bitch ... fuckin' whore."^[90]

Counseling service (January 6, 1978)

A man claiming to be the East Area Rapist called the Contact Counseling Service and said, "I have a problem. I need help because I don't want to do this anymore." After a short conversation, the caller said, "I believe you are tracing this call" and hung up.^[173]

Later calls (1982–1991)

In 1982, a previous victim received a call at her place of work—a Denny's restaurant—during which the rapist threatened to rape her again. According to Contra Costa County investigator Paul Holes, the rapist must have chanced to patronize the restaurant and recognized his victim there.^[174]^[175]

In 1991, a previous victim received a phone call from the perpetrator and spoke with him for one minute. She could hear a woman and children in the background, leading to speculation that he had a family.^[7]

Final call (2001)

On April 6, 2001, one day after an article in The Sacramento Bee linked the Original Night Stalker and the East Area Rapist, a victim of the rapist received a call from him; he asked, "Remember when we played?"^[175]

Investigation

Before officially connecting the Original Night Stalker to the East Area Rapist in 2001, some law-enforcement officials (particularly from the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department) sought to link the Goleta cases as well.^[176] The links were primarily due to similarities in modus operandi. One of the already-linked Original Night Stalker double murders occurred in Ventura, 40 miles (64 km) southeast of Goleta; and the remaining murders were committed in Orange County, an additional 90 miles (140 km) southeast. In 2001, several rapes in Contra Costa County believed to have been committed by the East Area Rapist were linked by DNA to the Smith, Harrington, Witthuhn, and Cruz murders. A decade later, DNA evidence indicated that the Domingo–Sanchez murders were also committed by the East Area Rapist (also identified as the Golden State Killer).^[17]^[177]

On June 15, 2016, the FBI released further information related to the crimes, including new composite sketches and crime details;^[136] a $50,000 reward was also announced.^[178] The initiative included a national database to support law enforcement's investigating of the crimes and to handle tips and information.^[179] Eventually, "through the use of genetic genealogy searching on GEDmatch, investigators identified distant relatives of DeAngelo—including family members directly related to his great-great-great-great grandfather dating back to the 1800s. Based on this information, investigators built about 25 different family trees. The tree that eventually linked to [DeAngelo] alone contained approximately 1,000 people. Over the course of a few months, investigators used other clues like age, sex, and place of residence to rule out suspects populating these trees, eliminating suspects one by one until only DeAngelo remained."^[17]

Identification of DeAngelo began in December 2017 when officials, led by detective Paul Holes and FBI lawyer Steve Kramer, uploaded the killer's DNA profile from a Ventura County rape kit to the personal genomics website GEDmatch.^[180] The website identified 10 to 20 people who had the same great-great-great-grandparents as the Golden State Killer; a team of five investigators working with genealogist Barbara Rae-Venter used this list to construct a large family tree.^[181] From this tree, they established two suspects; one was ruled out by a relative's DNA test, leaving DeAngelo the main suspect.^[182]

On April 18, 2018, a DNA sample was surreptitiously collected from the door handle of DeAngelo's car;^[64] another sample was later collected from a tissue found in DeAngelo's curbside garbage can.^[183] Both were matched to samples associated with Golden State Killer crimes.^[20] Since DeAngelo's arrest, some commentators have raised concerns about the ethics of the secondary use of personally identifiable information.^[184]^[17] During the investigation, several people were considered and later eliminated as suspects:

Brett Glasby, from Goleta, was considered a suspect by Santa Barbara County investigators. He was murdered in Mexico in 1982 before the murder of Janelle Cruz, eliminating him as a suspect.^[185]
Paul "Cornfed" Schneider, a high-ranking member of the Aryan Brotherhood, was living in Orange County when the Harringtons, Manuela Witthuhn, and Janelle Cruz were killed. A DNA test cleared him in the 1990s.^[186]^[187]
Joe Alsip, a friend and business partner of the victim Lyman Smith. Alsip's pastor said that Alsip had confessed to him during a family-counseling session. Alsip was arraigned for the Smith murders in 1982, but the charges were later dropped,^[188]^[189] and his innocence was confirmed by DNA testing in 1997.^[190]

Arrest, trial and incarceration

On the evening of April 24, 2018, Sacramento County Sheriff's deputies arrested DeAngelo in the side yard of his Sacramento home.^[191]^[192] He was charged with eight counts of first-degree murder with special circumstances.^[16]^[193] On May 10, the Santa Barbara County District Attorney's office charged DeAngelo with four additional counts of first-degree murder.^[194] DeAngelo made a confession of sorts after his arrest that cryptically referred to an inner personality named "Jerry", who had forced him to commit the wave of crimes that ended abruptly in 1986.

According to Sacramento County prosecutor Thien Ho, DeAngelo said the following to himself while alone in a police interrogation room after his arrest in April 2018: "I didn't have the strength to push him out. He made me. He went with me. It was like in my head, I mean, he's a part of me. I didn't want to do those things. I pushed Jerry out and had a happy life. I did all those things. I destroyed all their lives. So now I've got to pay the price."^[195] Detectives ignored DeAngelo's initial requests to speak to an attorney, later citing a legal theory that this potential Miranda violation would be justified, with the understanding that prosecutors could not use the interview against the defendant in court.^[196]

DeAngelo could not be charged with rapes or burglaries, as the statute of limitations had expired for those offenses, but he was charged with 13 counts of murder and 13 counts of kidnapping. DeAngelo was arraigned in Sacramento on August 23, 2018. In November 2018, prosecutors from six involved counties collectively estimated that the case could cost taxpayers $20 million and last 10 years.^[197] At an April 10, 2019, court proceeding, prosecutors announced that they would seek the death penalty, and the judge ruled that cameras could be allowed inside the courtroom during the trial.^[198]^[199]

On March 4, 2020, DeAngelo offered to plead guilty if the death penalty were taken off the table, which was not accepted at the time. On June 29, as part of a plea bargain to avoid the death penalty, DeAngelo pleaded guilty to 13 counts of first-degree murder and special circumstances (including murder committed during burglaries and rapes), as well as thirteen counts of kidnapping.^[200]^[201]^[202]^[203] On August 21, 2020, DeAngelo received multiple consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole.

DeAngelo offered a brief apology after listening to days of pre-sentencing victim impact statements: "I've listened to all your statements, each one of them, and I'm truly sorry to everyone I've hurt."^[204]^[205]^[206] In November 2020, DeAngelo was transferred to the North Kern State Prison.^[207] As of February 2021, DeAngelo is incarcerated in protective custody at California State Prison, Corcoran.^[208]

References

^ McNamara, Michelle (February 27, 2013). "The five most popular myths about the Golden State Killer case". Los Angeles. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Shelby, Richard (2014). Hunting a Psychopath: The East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker investigation – the original investigator speaks out. Booklocker. ISBN 978-1-63263-508-2.
^ "Apology at sentencing deepens mystery of Golden State Killer". August 22, 2020.
^ "The Golden State Killer suspect became part of their family ⁠— and slowly revealed his violent side". Los Angeles Times. June 11, 2019.
^ "Golden State Killer pleads guilty to 13 murders". BBC. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ McNamara, Michelle (February 27, 2013). "In the footsteps of a killer". City Think. Los Angeles (blog). Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
Lange, Jeva (March 19, 2018). "Michelle McNamara's tantalizing roadmap for finding a long lost serial killer". The Week. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hallissy, Erin; Goodyear, Charlie (April 4, 2001). "DNA links '70s 'East Area Rapist' to serial killings / evidence suggests suspect moved to southern California". The San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California: Hearst Publishing. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Johnson, Brian (April 27, 2018). "Tulare DA awaits reports connecting 'Golden State Killer' to 'Visalia Ransacker'". ABC30 Fresno. Archived from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
^ Fan, Christina (April 26, 2018). "Serial killer's crime spree likely started in Visalia". ABC30 Fresno. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "The Original Night Stalker". Cold Case Files. Season 2. Episode 22. May 28, 2000. A&E Networks.
^ Thompson, Don (June 15, 2016). "'Original Night Stalker,' active across California, eludes police for 30 years". The Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California: Media News Group. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
^ Hallissy, Erin; Goodyear, Charlie (October 20, 1999). "How DNA fights crime/ other states make better use of technology". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ The FBI Story 2016. Federal Bureau of Investigation (Illustrated ed.). U.S. Department of Justice. 2017. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-0-16-093735-4. Retrieved January 2, 2018 – via Government Printing Office.
^ Blankstein, Andrew; Dienst, Jonathan; Siemaszko, Corky (April 25, 2018). "Golden State Killer: Ex-cop arrested in serial murder-rape cold case". NBC News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
^ Stanton, Sam; Egel, Benjy; Lillis, Ryan (April 26, 2018). "Update: East Area Rapist suspect captured after DNA match, authorities say". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. ISSN 0890-5738. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Joseph DeAngelo charges" (Press release). Media Advisory. Orange County District Attorney. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Zabel, Joseph (2019). "The killer inside us: Law, ethics, and the forensic use of family genetics". Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law. 24 (2). SSRN 3368705. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
^ Gonzalez, Liz (April 25, 2018). "Police: Golden State Killer is also Visalia Ransacker". Bakersfield Now. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Woomer, Eric (April 27, 2018). "Visalia Ransacker suspect was a 'black sheep', described as a loner in Exeter". The Visalia Times-Delta. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Tehee, Joshua (April 25, 2018). "Golden State Killer suspect linked to Visalia mystery, was an Exeter police officer". The Fresno Bee. Fresno, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
^ Ford, Matt (September 29, 2016). "After Cosby, California ends statute of limitations on rape". The Atlantic. Washington, DC: Emerson Collective. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Arango, Tim; Goldman, Adam; Fuller, Thomas (April 27, 2018). "To catch a killer: A fake profile on a DNA site and a pristine sample". The New York Times. New York, NY. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ "Golden State Killer suspect arraigned on rape-related charges". NBC News. New York, NY: NBCUniversal. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
Thompson, Don (August 24, 2018). "Golden State Killer suspect faces 26 murder and rape-related consolidated charges". The Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois: Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
^ Jouvnal, Justin (June 29, 2020). "Man accused of being 'Golden State Killer' enters guilty plea". The Washington Post. Washington, DC: Nash Holdings. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
^ Gabbatt, Adam (June 15, 2020). "'Golden State Killer' suspect reportedly to plead guilty to avoid death penalty". The Guardian. London, England. Reuters. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
^ "Golden State Killer sentenced to life in prison". CBS News. August 21, 2020. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
^ Wamsley, Laurel (August 21, 2020). "Golden State Killer sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
^ "Golden State Killer sentenced to life without possibility of parole". NBC News. August 21, 2020. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
^ Sutton, Candace (June 29, 2018). "Accused serial killer Joseph James DeAngelo's sick words as he raped". News.com.au. Adelaide, Australia: News Corp Australia. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
^ "Golden State Killer suspect born in Bath". The Evening Tribune. Hornell, New York: Gannett. Associated Press. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
^ "Exclusive: The woman behind the scenes who helped capture the Golden State Killer". Mercury News. August 27, 2018. Archived from the original on September 12, 2018.
^ Lapin, Tamar (May 14, 2018). "Family of 'Golden State Killer' claim he saw men rape his 7 year-old sister". The New York Post. New York City: News Corp. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Thompson, Don (August 22, 2020). "Apology at sentencing deepens mystery of Golden State Killer". AP News. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Caraccio, David (May 7, 2018). "What do we know about the life story of the East Area Rapist Suspect". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Egel, Benjy (April 25, 2018). "Who is the East Area Rapist? Police say it's this ex-cop who attended Folsom High". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Sgt. Joe DeAngelo, Exeter PD". [no series cited]. Episode 16. December 26, 1975. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018 – via shows.pippa.io.
^ "Joseph J. DeAngelo expected home on leave from Navy soon". Auburn Journal. Auburn, California: Brehm Communications. June 1, 1967. Archived from the original on April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Ep. 23 They Just Walked Away..., December 26, 1975, archived from the original on February 7, 2019, retrieved February 5, 2019
^ Ross, Martha (April 25, 2018). "Who is Joseph James DeAngelo? Suspect accused in 1979 of stealing a can of dog repellent, hammer". The San Jose Mercury News. San Jose, California: Bay Area News Group. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
^ "Navy veteran serves Exeter as policeman". Williamsport Sun-Gazette. Williamsport, Pennsylvania: Ogden Newspapers Inc. August 22, 1973. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Full Interview: Golden State Killer investigator Paul Holes". KTVU. May 2, 2018. Archived from the original on June 11, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via YouTube.
^ ^a ^b Haag, Matthew (April 26, 2018). "What We Know About Joseph DeAngelo, the Golden State Killer Suspect". The New York Times. New York City. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ "The Golden State killer's ex-fiance Bonnie Colwell says she "refuses to wear the blame"". Newsweek. August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
^ Paige St. John. "Man in the Window". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2019.
^ St. John, Paige (June 28, 2020). "An inside look at the Golden State Killer suspect's behavior". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Sulek, Julia (April 26, 2018). "'I hate you, Bonnie': Golden State Killer likely motivated by animosity toward ex-fiancee, investigator says". The Mercury News. San Jose, California: MediaNews Group. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
^ Margaritoff, Margo (June 24, 2020). "Meet Sharon Huddle, the lawyer who was married to the Golden State Killer during his bloody reign". All That's Interesting. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
^ "Sharon M. Huddle #105101". Attorney Search. members.calbar.ca.gov. State Bar of California. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
^ "Estranged wife of accused East Area rapist filed for divorce". Good Day Sacramento. February 18, 2019. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
^ St. John, Paige (June 28, 2020). "An inside look at the Golden State Killer suspect's behavior". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
^ FOX40 web desk (August 25, 2020). "'He is the best father I could have had': Daughter of Golden State Killer describes father in letter to court". KRON-TV. Meredith Corporation. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Holcombe, Madeline; Mossburg, Cheri (August 21, 2020). "Golden State Killer's ex-wife breaks her silence as the former police officer awaits sentencing". KMOV. Nexstar Media Group. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
^ Lillis, Ryan (April 25, 2018). "Here's where East Area Rapist suspect worked for nearly three decades before retiring". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
^ Bonvillain, Crystal (March 19, 2019). "Golden State Killer suspect was arrested in 1996 Super Bowl ticket ruse – but was released". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia: Cox Media Services. Archived from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
^ Shapiro, Emily; Johnson, Whit; Harrison, Jenna (April 28, 2018). "'Golden State Killer' suspect threatened to kill family dog, yelled and cursed in neighborhood: Neighbors". ABC News. New York City: American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
^ "A memorial to the victims and their loved ones". Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "EAR/BK master timeline" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2007.
^ Clark, Lauren (April 22, 2017). "Connecting the dots in the search for a California serial killer". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^ Garcia, Natalie (2007). "Retired officer looking to solve 1975 cold case" (PDF). Visalia Times-Delta. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
^ Griswold, Lewis (March 4, 2017). "The mystery of the Visalia Ransacker won't go away after 41 years". The Fresno Bee. Fresno, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
^ Smith, M.J. (March 25, 2015). "Was Visalia the training ground?". Visalia Times-Delta. Visalia, California: Gannett. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
^ McNamara, Michelle; Oswalt, Patton; Flynn, Gillian (2018). I'll Be Gone in the Dark: One Woman's Obsessive Search for the Golden State Killer. HarperCollins. pp. 88–91. ISBN 978-0-06-231980-7. Archived from the original on March 30, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
^ "Ep. 13 VR = EAR?". Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
^ Romero, Sheyanne N. (May 7, 2021). "Tulare County DA collecting impact statements from community on Visalia Ransacker". The Visalia Times-Delta. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
^ Large, Steve (February 28, 2018). "East Area Rapist linked to rash of Rancho Cordova cat burglaries". cbslocal.com. Sacramento, CA. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
Oreskes, Benjamin; Winton, Richard (May 11, 2018). "Golden State Killer suspect may be linked to earlier Cordova cat burglar attacks". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California: Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
"Story Map Journal". Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Bowker, Michael (September 28, 2018). "Unsolved Mystery?". Sacramento. Sacramento, California: Hour Media LLC. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
^ "The Visalia Ransacker – Incidents". www.visaliaransacker.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
^ "The Visalia Ransacker". www.visaliaransacker.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
^ Haagenson, Gene; Courtney, Ricky (April 25, 2018). "Alleged serial killer arrested in Sacramento also known as Visalia Ransacker, officials say". ABC30 Fresno. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Alleged Golden State Killer to be charged for his very first murder". Global News. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
^ "Police 'confident' Golden State Killer committed 1975 murder of Claude Snelling". Global News. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
"California district attorney announces 1st degree murder charges against alleged Golden State Killer". Global News Videos. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
^ "Man accused of being Golden State Killer pleads guilty to 1975 Visalia murder". KFSN. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Ep. 8 The Visalia Ransacker, Part One". Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ep. 9 The Visalia Ransacker, Part Two, archived from the original on April 25, 2018, retrieved April 21, 2018
^ "12-26-75 - Golden State Killer". 12-26-75. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
^ "The Visalia Ransacker – list of stolen items". True Crime Articles. March 13, 2018. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
^ "Podcast VR Map -- A - Google My Maps". Google My Maps. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
^ "Podcast VR Map B - Google My Maps". Google My Maps. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
^ Stanton, Sam; Smith, Darrell (June 1, 2018). "Read the warrant documents in the East Area Rapist case". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
^ "The Visalia Ransacker - Basics". The Visalia Ransacker. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Kent, Jane, ed. (September 18, 1975). "Slayer of journalist sought by police" (PDF). The Rampage. Fresno, California: Fresno City College. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
^ James, Cory (April 27, 2018). "Visalia Ransacker's victim speaks out for the very first time". ABC7 San Francisco. Archived from the original on August 26, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Ep. 10 The Visalia Ransacker, Part Three, archived from the original on April 25, 2018, retrieved April 22, 2018
^ "The mystery of the Visalia Ransacker won't go away after 41 years". The Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
^ "DeAngelo Redacted Search Warrant - page 130". Retrieved June 30, 2018.
^ Rupe, Megan (March 16, 2018). "National network shining light on more than 40 year Visalia cold case". YourCentralValley.com. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ep. 11 McGowen Shooting, retrieved April 22, 2018
^ ^a ^b Pedersen, Gary (December 11, 1975). "Prowler fires at officer, escapes". Visalia Times-Delta. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
^ Priestland, Anna (May 15, 2017). "Case 53: The East Area Rapist – 1976 (Part 1)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
^ "Sacramento is up tight over rapist and threats". The Gettysburg Times. Associated Press. May 20, 1977. p. 24. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ "Cold Case EARONS: The Library". Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
"East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker". East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c McNamara, Michelle (February 27, 2013). "Hear the Golden State Killer". Los Angeles. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
^ "Rape fear hovers in Sacramento Valley". Eureka Times-Standard. Eureka, CA. Associated Press. March 25, 1977. p. 22. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. The attacks are at a home where no man is present. Either the woman, usually under 35, lives alone, or her husband or family is away.
^ Fetherling, Dale (May 22, 1977). "Sacramento Area Rapist Sends Public into Streets". The Los Angeles Times. pp. 3, 25. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "City in Fear of Rapist's Kill Threat". Indiana Gazette. Associated Press. May 19, 1997. p. 6. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c Packer, Bill (November 11, 1977). "Sacramento rapist hits again – 27th time in 16 months". Valley News. p. 6. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "$50K reward offered for 'Original Night Stalker' as 40th-anniversary nears". The Oregonian. Associated Press. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
^ "Golden State Killer's ex-fiancee joins long line of victims confronting him in court". The Los Angeles Times. August 19, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
^ "Suspect in Brutal 1983 Fairfield Murder Commits Suicide After Positive DNA Test". San Francisco: CBS. March 5, 2014. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
"East Area Rapist strikes second time in Stockton". The Los Angeles Times. The Associated Press. March 20, 1978. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. The rapist spent more than an hour in the house, ransacking it and taking articles of value, police said.
^ "Rapist claims 25th victim". The Los Angeles Times. United Press International. October 22, 1977. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Man Hunted As Suspect in 8 Rapes" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. November 4, 1976. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "East Area Rapist ... fear grips serene neighborhoods" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. November 10, 1976. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ "Rape victim turns tragedy into purpose, with California serial rapist never caught". WSAV. April 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
^ "Glenbrook Housewife is Raped" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. January 19, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "Rapist Strikes Again, 14th time in 15 months" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "East Area Rapist Attacks? 15th Assault" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. February 7, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "Lurker Shoots Youth" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. February 17, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "Rape May Be Linked to Series" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. March 8, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "'East Side Rapist' suspected again" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. March 20, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"Rapist hits 17th victim" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. March 20, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Timeline: List of Golden State Killer attacks". The San Jose Mercury News. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "All of the crimes tied to the East Area Rapist/Golden State Killer". NBC KCRA 3. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ "18th Rape Victim in East Area" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. April 15, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "East Area Rapist Attacks 20th Victim in Orangevale" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. May 5, 1077. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ Assagai, Mel (May 15, 1977). "East Area Rapist Attacks 22nd Victim at Home" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ "East Area Rapist Attacks No. 23" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. May 17, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Bell, Ted (May 29, 1977). "East Area Rapist Hits South: Victim 24" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Wilson, Wayne (September 7, 1977). "Police Certain East Area Rapist Struck in Stockton" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "East Area Rapist Returns to District, Assaults Teen-Aged Girl in Duplex" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. October 2, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Holloway, Warren; Akeman, Thom (October 21, 1977). "Rapist Gets 25th Victim" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. p. B1–B2. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Mapes, Paul (October 30, 1977). "Couple Terrorized by East Area Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "East Area Rapist Attacks Girl, 13" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. November 10, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Hammarley, John (December 4, 1977). "Teen-age boys scare off rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"Noise May Have Curbed Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. December 4, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Akeman, Thom (January 30, 1978). "East Rapist Assaults Teen Sisters" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"Two sisters latest victims of East Area Rapist". The San Bernardino Sun. The Associated Press. January 30, 1978. p. A4. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^ "East Rapist in Stockton" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. March 19, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "East Rapist Kicks in Door, Attacks Sitter in South Area" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. April 16, 1978. pp. A1, A20. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "East Area Rapist Strikes in Modesto" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. June 7, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "East Area Rapist Strikes Modesto" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. June 7, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "Rapist Accredited with 2 Attacks" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. June 27, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Wilson, Bill (July 7, 1978). "East Area Rapist Returns to Davis, Assaults Mother" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ Assagai, Mel; Diaz, Jaime (October 14, 1978). "Two Concord rapes in week ascribed to East Area Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ "Area rapist strikes in Concord" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. October 14, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ "Rape's aftermath raises issue of suburban safety" (PDF). The Contra Costa Times. December 10, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"Assault in San Ramon blamed on East Area Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. November 7, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"East Area Rapist blamed for attack" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. November 2, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "East Area Rapist Hits in Fremont" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. April 6, 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Fraley, Malaika (July 17, 2011). "Walnut Creek teen rape survivor recalls crime, community's help". The San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
^ "Danville Woman Latest Victim of Capital's East Area Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. June 13, 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "East Area Rapist attacks 13 year-old" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. June 26, 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ "East Area Rapist/Original Night Stalker". ear-ons.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
"Cold Case EARONS: The Attacks". Archived from the original on September 23, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Help Us Catch the East Area Rapist". FBI.gov. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
^ Mettler, Katie (June 16, 2016). "After 40 years, 12 slayings, and 45 rapes, the 'Golden State Killer' still eludes police". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
^ Thompson, Don (June 15, 2016). "Reward offered in 40 year-old California serial killer case". Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
^ "Joseph DeAngelo pleads guilty to killing Brian and Katie Maggiore". cbslocal.com. Sacramento, CA. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
^ Myers, Joseph Serna, Richard Winton, Sarah Parvini, Melanie Mason, John (April 25, 2018). "Suspected Golden State Killer, a former police officer, arrested on 'needle in the haystack' DNA evidence". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Sheriff's Blotter" (PDF). Goleta Valley News. October 10, 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Chawkins, Steve; Santa Cruz, Nicole (May 6, 2011). "DNA testing sheds new light on Original Night Stalker case". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
^ Rimer, Skip; Beamish, Rita (March 17, 1980). "Lawyer, wife found slain in Ventura home" (PDF). Ventura County Star. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
Thompson, Don (2016). "Reward offered for elusive serial killer with links to Ventura couple". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "$50,000 reward offered in 40 year-old serial killer cold case – four O.C. deaths linked to unknown suspect". Orange County Register. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
^ Alger, Tim (January 3, 1982). "County slayings: Not all cases are closed". Orange County Register. p. B1–B2. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2017 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
^ Scroggin, Samantha (May 6, 2011). "1981 Goleta murders tied to unknown serial killer". Santa Maria Times. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "East Area Rapist/Original Night Stalker". Archived from the original on May 4, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Motive and slayer sought in murders". The San Bernardino Sun. Associated Press. January 2, 1980. p. A5. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Slain attorney, wife were beaten to death". The San Bernardino Sun. Associated Press. March 19, 1980. p. A6. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Hurst, John (August 2, 1981). "'Night Stalker' Theory Connecting Eight Southland Slayings Disputed". The Los Angeles Times. p. A3, A24. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Barry, Dan; Arango, Tim; Oppel, Richard A. Jr. (April 28, 2018). "The Golden State Killer left a trail of horror with taunts and guile". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Logan, Dan (October 1988). "Fingering a killer". Orange Coast. 14 (10): 122–128. ISSN 0279-0483. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
^ Leonard, Jack (October 5, 2000). "Victims' relatives urge public to help solve serial killings". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Emery, Sean (May 5, 2009). "'Original Night Stalker' focus of new cable special". Orange County Register. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^ Chawkins, Steve; Santa Cruz, Nicole (May 6, 2011). "DNA testing sheds new light on Original Night Stalker case". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
^ ^a ^b Malnic, Eric (July 29, 1981). "Tie hinted in pair of Goleta murders". Los Angeles Times. p. A20. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b "Murder 8 & 9 – Cheri Domingo & Greg Sanchez – Night Predator EAR/ONS Files – Goleta, 1981". Archived from the original on June 23, 2016.
^ "ONS Attack No. 6". Cold Case: East Area Rapist. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
^ Macfadyen, William M. (September 7, 2013). "Public's Help Sought with New Clue in 1981 Original Night Stalker Double Murder in Goleta". Noozhawk. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
^ Carson-Sandler, Jane; Phelps, M. William (2015). She Survived: Jane. Pinnacle Books. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0-7860-3457-4. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Johnson, Brian (January 8, 2019). "Tulare DA: Golden State Killer not suspect in Exeter teen's 1975 murder". ABC 30. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
^ Griswold, Lewis (January 8, 2019). "DNA clears Golden State Killer suspect in girl's murder. Old conviction stands". The Fresno Bee. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
^ Ellis, Reggie (July 11, 2018). "Tulare County Sheriff's cold case detectives say former Exeter police officer is a suspect in the murder of Jennifer Armour of Visalia". The Sun Gazette. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
^ Luciano, Lilia (October 18, 2019). "Framed by the Golden State Killer?". ABC 10. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
^ Farzan, Antonia Noori (February 25, 2019). "He just got $21 million after 39 years wrongly locked up. He has one cop to thank for freeing him". The Washington Post.
^ Simon, Melissa (December 5, 2019). "Exonerated man now works to educate law enforcement". Thousand Oaks Acorn. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
^ Dowd, Katie (August 24, 2018). "Investigators reportedly sought links between Australia's 'Mr. Cruel' and the Golden State Killer". SFGate. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "In Brief: Masked Bike Rider Eludes Police". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. December 12, 1977. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017.
^ Koerner, Claudia (September 10, 2013). "Original Night Stalker: Could O.C. clues lead to killer?". The Orange County Register. Anaheim, California: Freedom Communications. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ "Case 53: The East Area Rapist 1978–1979 (Part 4)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. June 3, 2017. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
^ Winters, Kat. "Attack #15". coldcase-earons.com. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
^ "Case 53: The East Area Rapist – 1976 (Part 1)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. May 14, 2017. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
^ "Letters, Calls, and Sightings from December 1977 to January 1978". Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
^ Garcia, Ana (December 12, 2017). "New details released in hunt for 'Golden State Killer'". Crime Watch Daily. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Hansen, Chris (December 12, 2017). "Pt. 2: New Clue in East Area Rapist Mystery". Crime Watch Daily. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
^ Wilson, Wayne (March 13, 1980). "Police Debate Tie Between East Area Rapist, Killings" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Wilson, Wayne (February 26, 1980). "Link to East Area Rapist Probed in Couples' Slaying" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. p. B1. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
^ Chawkins, Steve (May 5, 2011). "30 year-old slayings of Goleta couple linked to serial killer". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
^ Piggott, Mark (June 15, 2016). "$50,000 reward for California's 'most prolific' serial killer 30 years on". International Business Times UK. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
^ "FBI Announces $50,000 Reward and National Campaign to Identify East Area Rapist/Golden State Killer". FBI. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
^ Stirling, Stephen (April 26, 2018). "How an N.J. pathologist may have helped solve the 'Golden State Killer' case". NJ.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Arrango, Tim; Goldman, Adam; Fuller, Thomas (April 27, 2018). "To Catch a Killer: A Fake Profile on a DNA Site and a Pristine Sample". The New York Times. New York City. Archived from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Lillis, Ryan; Kasler, Dale; Chabria, Anita (April 27, 2018). "'Open-source' genealogy site provided missing DNA link to East Area Rapist, investigator says". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
^ Murphy, Heather (August 29, 2018). "She helped crack the Golden State Killer case. Here's what she's going to do next". The New York Times. New York City. Archived from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
^ Jouvenal, Justin (April 30, 2018). "To find alleged Golden State Killer, investigators first found his great-great-great-grandparents". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Nash Holdings. Archived from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
^ "Search warrant" (PDF). Sacramento County, California. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
^ Scutti, Susan. "What the Golden State Killer case means for your genetic privacy". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Molteni, Megan (May 27, 2018). "The Creepy Genetics Behind the Golden State Killer Case". Wired. New York City: Condé Nast. Archived from the original on April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
^ Shelby, Richard (2015). Hunting a Psychopath. St. Petersburg, Florida: Booklocker.com, Inc. pp. 392–393. ISBN 978-1-63263-508-2.
^ Goodyear, Charlie; Hallissy, Erin (April 25, 2002). "Court says inmate must give DNA / Suspect in 20 year-old murders". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California: Hearst Publishing. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
^ Cason, Colleen (July 3, 2002). "DNA Tests Clear Convict in Ventura Killings Paul Schneider Didn't Kill Attorney Lyman Smith, Wife" (PDF). Ventura County Star. Camarillo, California: Gannett. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
^ Cason, Colleen (November 28, 2002). "The Silent Witness" (PDF). Ventura County Star. Camarillo, California: Gannett. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2018.
^ Shelby, Richard (2016). Hunting a Psychopath (Second ed.). Bradenton, Florida: Booklocker.com, Inc. p. 406. ASIN B00P9UP3KS.
^ Miller, Aron (October 8, 2000). "DNA Findings Throw New Light on Old Case By" (PDF). Ventura County Star. Camarillo, California: Gannett. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2018.
^ Myers, Paul (April 25, 2018). "Sacramento Sheriff's Department arrests Visalia Ransacker, confirms he was an officer of the Exeter Police Department in 1973". Williamsport Sun-Gazette. Williamsport, Pennsylvania: Ogden Newspapers Inc. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
^ Holes, Paul (2022). Unmasked: My Life Solving America's Cold Cases. New York: Celadon Books. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-250-62279-2.
^ Fuller, Thomas; Hauser, Christine (April 25, 2018). "Ex-Cop Arrested in Golden State Killer Case: 'We Found the Needle in the Haystack'". The New York Times. New York City. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
Egel, Benjy (April 25, 2018). "Who is the East Area Rapist? Police say it's this ex-cop who attended Folsom High". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
Stanglin, Doug (April 25, 2018). "Golden State Killer: Ex-cop Joseph James DeAngelo arrested as suspect in serial murder-rapes". USA Today. Mclean, Virginia: Gannett. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
^ Diskin, Megan (May 10, 2018). "Santa Barbara County DA files charges in murders believed connected to Golden State Killer". The Ventura County Star. Camarillo, California: Gannett. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
^ "Joseph James DeAngelo Jr. pleads guilty to murders tagged to California's Golden State Killer". USA Today. Mclean, Virginia: Gannett. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
^ "Evil". Man in the Window (Podcast). Los Angeles Times. December 22, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
^ McDonell-Parry, Amelia; McDonell-Parry, Amelia (December 7, 2018). "Golden State Killer Trial: Joseph DeAngelo Case Could Last 10 Years". Rolling Stone. New York City: Wenner Media. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
^ "Golden State Killer suspect appears in court nearly one year after arrest". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California. April 10, 2019. Archived from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
^ "Golden State Killer one year later". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. April 24, 2019. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
^ "Hearing details ghastly crimes of Golden State Killer as he pleads guilty to killings". CNN. Mclean, Virginia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
^ "Joseph DeAngelo pleads guilty in Golden State Killer cases". The New York Times. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
^ Kenton, Luke (May 8, 2020). "New documentary tells how an unsolved neighborhood murder in her childhood inspired the late true-crime author Michelle McNamara's journey to unmask the Golden State Killer". MSN. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
^ "Suspected Golden State Killer seeks plea deal to avoid death penalty". WBTV. March 5, 2020. Archived from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
^ Shapiro, Emily. "'Golden State Killer' addresses the court: 'I'm truly sorry'". ABC News. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
^ "'May you rot in prison': US 'Golden State Killer' victims speak out". The Straits Times. Singapore. August 19, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
^ "US 'Golden State Killer' jailed for life for decade-long crime spree including murders and rapes". The Straits Times. Singapore. August 22, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
^ "Golden State Killer arrives at prison to start life sentence". Los Angeles Times. November 3, 2020.
^ CDCR moves 'Golden State Killer' to protective housing at Corcoran State Prison Archived October 27, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, KGET, February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2021.

External links

Full Interview: Golden State Killer investigator Paul Holes (video) – via YouTube.
Cold Case – EARONS at coldcase-earons.com
EAR/ONS magazine – 188-page magazine of related photos and news articles (from Casefile)
- "The Original Nightstalker Map, Part 5a". casefilepodcast.com. Map of the EAR/ONS crimes
"East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker". ear-ons.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
Map of the East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker / Golden State Killer Crimes
True Crime Diary at truecrimediary.com
Collection of newspaper clippings about the Golden State Killer at Newspapers.com

[1] McNamara, Michelle (February 27, 2013). "The five most popular myths about the Golden State Killer case". Los Angeles. Archived from the original on October 20, 2015. Retrieved October 7, 2015.

[HAP-2] Shelby, Richard (2014). Hunting a Psychopath: The East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker investigation – the original investigator speaks out. Booklocker. ISBN 978-1-63263-508-2.

[3] "Apology at sentencing deepens mystery of Golden State Killer". August 22, 2020.

[4] "The Golden State Killer suspect became part of their family ⁠— and slowly revealed his violent side". Los Angeles Times. June 11, 2019.

[5] "Golden State Killer pleads guilty to 13 murders". BBC. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.

[Footsteps-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ McNamara, Michelle (February 27, 2013). "In the footsteps of a killer". City Think. Los Angeles (blog). Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
Lange, Jeva (March 19, 2018). "Michelle McNamara's tantalizing roadmap for finding a long lost serial killer". The Week. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[DNA-7] Hallissy, Erin; Goodyear, Charlie (April 4, 2001). "DNA links '70s 'East Area Rapist' to serial killings / evidence suggests suspect moved to southern California". The San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California: Hearst Publishing. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2016.

[auto-8] Johnson, Brian (April 27, 2018). "Tulare DA awaits reports connecting 'Golden State Killer' to 'Visalia Ransacker'". ABC30 Fresno. Archived from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.

[9] Fan, Christina (April 26, 2018). "Serial killer's crime spree likely started in Visalia". ABC30 Fresno. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.

[ColdCaseFiles-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "The Original Night Stalker". Cold Case Files. Season 2. Episode 22. May 28, 2000. A&E Networks.

[11] Thompson, Don (June 15, 2016). "'Original Night Stalker,' active across California, eludes police for 30 years". The Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California: Media News Group. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2017.

[12] Hallissy, Erin; Goodyear, Charlie (October 20, 1999). "How DNA fights crime/ other states make better use of technology". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[13] The FBI Story 2016. Federal Bureau of Investigation (Illustrated ed.). U.S. Department of Justice. 2017. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-0-16-093735-4. Retrieved January 2, 2018 – via Government Printing Office.

[14] Blankstein, Andrew; Dienst, Jonathan; Siemaszko, Corky (April 25, 2018). "Golden State Killer: Ex-cop arrested in serial murder-rape cold case". NBC News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.

[15] Stanton, Sam; Egel, Benjy; Lillis, Ryan (April 26, 2018). "Update: East Area Rapist suspect captured after DNA match, authorities say". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. ISSN 0890-5738. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[MediaAdvisory-16] "Joseph DeAngelo charges" (Press release). Media Advisory. Orange County District Attorney. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.

[BerkleyLaw-17] Zabel, Joseph (2019). "The killer inside us: Law, ethics, and the forensic use of family genetics". Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law. 24 (2). SSRN 3368705. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020.

[18] Gonzalez, Liz (April 25, 2018). "Police: Golden State Killer is also Visalia Ransacker". Bakersfield Now. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Woomer, Eric (April 27, 2018). "Visalia Ransacker suspect was a 'black sheep', described as a loner in Exeter". The Visalia Times-Delta. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Tehee, Joshua (April 25, 2018). "Golden State Killer suspect linked to Visalia mystery, was an Exeter police officer". The Fresno Bee. Fresno, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.

[19] Ford, Matt (September 29, 2016). "After Cosby, California ends statute of limitations on rape". The Atlantic. Washington, DC: Emerson Collective. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[NYTimes-20] Arango, Tim; Goldman, Adam; Fuller, Thomas (April 27, 2018). "To catch a killer: A fake profile on a DNA site and a pristine sample". The New York Times. New York, NY. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[21] "Golden State Killer suspect arraigned on rape-related charges". NBC News. New York, NY: NBCUniversal. Archived from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
Thompson, Don (August 24, 2018). "Golden State Killer suspect faces 26 murder and rape-related consolidated charges". The Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois: Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.

[22] Jouvnal, Justin (June 29, 2020). "Man accused of being 'Golden State Killer' enters guilty plea". The Washington Post. Washington, DC: Nash Holdings. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.

[The_Guardian-23] Gabbatt, Adam (June 15, 2020). "'Golden State Killer' suspect reportedly to plead guilty to avoid death penalty". The Guardian. London, England. Reuters. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.

[24] "Golden State Killer sentenced to life in prison". CBS News. August 21, 2020. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.

[25] Wamsley, Laurel (August 21, 2020). "Golden State Killer sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.

[26] "Golden State Killer sentenced to life without possibility of parole". NBC News. August 21, 2020. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.

[27] Sutton, Candace (June 29, 2018). "Accused serial killer Joseph James DeAngelo's sick words as he raped". News.com.au. Adelaide, Australia: News Corp Australia. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.

[28] "Golden State Killer suspect born in Bath". The Evening Tribune. Hornell, New York: Gannett. Associated Press. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.

[29] "Exclusive: The woman behind the scenes who helped capture the Golden State Killer". Mercury News. August 27, 2018. Archived from the original on September 12, 2018.

[30] Lapin, Tamar (May 14, 2018). "Family of 'Golden State Killer' claim he saw men rape his 7 year-old sister". The New York Post. New York City: News Corp. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2018.

[Thompson-31] Thompson, Don (August 22, 2020). "Apology at sentencing deepens mystery of Golden State Killer". AP News. Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.

[Caraccio-32] Caraccio, David (May 7, 2018). "What do we know about the life story of the East Area Rapist Suspect". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2019.

[SacBee_Folsom_High-33] Egel, Benjy (April 25, 2018). "Who is the East Area Rapist? Police say it's this ex-cop who attended Folsom High". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.

[Episode16-34] "Sgt. Joe DeAngelo, Exeter PD". [no series cited]. Episode 16. December 26, 1975. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018 – via shows.pippa.io.

[35] "Joseph J. DeAngelo expected home on leave from Navy soon". Auburn Journal. Auburn, California: Brehm Communications. June 1, 1967. Archived from the original on April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.

[Episode23-36] Ep. 23 They Just Walked Away..., December 26, 1975, archived from the original on February 7, 2019, retrieved February 5, 2019

[37] Ross, Martha (April 25, 2018). "Who is Joseph James DeAngelo? Suspect accused in 1979 of stealing a can of dog repellent, hammer". The San Jose Mercury News. San Jose, California: Bay Area News Group. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.

[38] "Navy veteran serves Exeter as policeman". Williamsport Sun-Gazette. Williamsport, Pennsylvania: Ogden Newspapers Inc. August 22, 1973. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2018.

[KTVU-39] "Full Interview: Golden State Killer investigator Paul Holes". KTVU. May 2, 2018. Archived from the original on June 11, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via YouTube.

[What_We_Know-40] Haag, Matthew (April 26, 2018). "What We Know About Joseph DeAngelo, the Golden State Killer Suspect". The New York Times. New York City. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[41] "The Golden State killer's ex-fiance Bonnie Colwell says she "refuses to wear the blame"". Newsweek. August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2021.

[42] Paige St. John. "Man in the Window". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2019.

[43] St. John, Paige (June 28, 2020). "An inside look at the Golden State Killer suspect's behavior". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

[MercuryNews-44] Sulek, Julia (April 26, 2018). "'I hate you, Bonnie': Golden State Killer likely motivated by animosity toward ex-fiancee, investigator says". The Mercury News. San Jose, California: MediaNews Group. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

[45] Margaritoff, Margo (June 24, 2020). "Meet Sharon Huddle, the lawyer who was married to the Golden State Killer during his bloody reign". All That's Interesting. Retrieved October 20, 2020.

[46] "Sharon M. Huddle #105101". Attorney Search. members.calbar.ca.gov. State Bar of California. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.

[47] "Estranged wife of accused East Area rapist filed for divorce". Good Day Sacramento. February 18, 2019. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.

[LATimes2020-06-28-48] St. John, Paige (June 28, 2020). "An inside look at the Golden State Killer suspect's behavior". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.

[49] FOX40 web desk (August 25, 2020). "'He is the best father I could have had': Daughter of Golden State Killer describes father in letter to court". KRON-TV. Meredith Corporation. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[50] Holcombe, Madeline; Mossburg, Cheri (August 21, 2020). "Golden State Killer's ex-wife breaks her silence as the former police officer awaits sentencing". KMOV. Nexstar Media Group. Retrieved September 18, 2021.

[51] Lillis, Ryan (April 25, 2018). "Here's where East Area Rapist suspect worked for nearly three decades before retiring". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.

[52] Bonvillain, Crystal (March 19, 2019). "Golden State Killer suspect was arrested in 1996 Super Bowl ticket ruse – but was released". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia: Cox Media Services. Archived from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.

[barkingdog-53] Shapiro, Emily; Johnson, Whit; Harrison, Jenna (April 28, 2018). "'Golden State Killer' suspect threatened to kill family dog, yelled and cursed in neighborhood: Neighbors". ABC News. New York City: American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2019.

[54] "A memorial to the victims and their loved ones". Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.

[master_timeline-55] "EAR/BK master timeline" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2007.

[56] Clark, Lauren (April 22, 2017). "Connecting the dots in the search for a California serial killer". CBS News. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017.

[57] Garcia, Natalie (2007). "Retired officer looking to solve 1975 cold case" (PDF). Visalia Times-Delta. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.

[58] Griswold, Lewis (March 4, 2017). "The mystery of the Visalia Ransacker won't go away after 41 years". The Fresno Bee. Fresno, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.

[59] Smith, M.J. (March 25, 2015). "Was Visalia the training ground?". Visalia Times-Delta. Visalia, California: Gannett. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved December 3, 2017.

[60] McNamara, Michelle; Oswalt, Patton; Flynn, Gillian (2018). I'll Be Gone in the Dark: One Woman's Obsessive Search for the Golden State Killer. HarperCollins. pp. 88–91. ISBN 978-0-06-231980-7. Archived from the original on March 30, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.

[61] "Ep. 13 VR = EAR?". Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.

[62] Romero, Sheyanne N. (May 7, 2021). "Tulare County DA collecting impact statements from community on Visalia Ransacker". The Visalia Times-Delta. Retrieved October 15, 2021.

[63] Large, Steve (February 28, 2018). "East Area Rapist linked to rash of Rancho Cordova cat burglaries". cbslocal.com. Sacramento, CA. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
Oreskes, Benjamin; Winton, Richard (May 11, 2018). "Golden State Killer suspect may be linked to earlier Cordova cat burglar attacks". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California: Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
"Story Map Journal". Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.

[SacMagazine-64] Bowker, Michael (September 28, 2018). "Unsolved Mystery?". Sacramento. Sacramento, California: Hour Media LLC. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.

[65] "The Visalia Ransacker – Incidents". www.visaliaransacker.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[66] "The Visalia Ransacker". www.visaliaransacker.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[67] Haagenson, Gene; Courtney, Ricky (April 25, 2018). "Alleged serial killer arrested in Sacramento also known as Visalia Ransacker, officials say". ABC30 Fresno. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.

[GlobalNews-68] "Alleged Golden State Killer to be charged for his very first murder". Global News. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[69] "Police 'confident' Golden State Killer committed 1975 murder of Claude Snelling". Global News. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
"California district attorney announces 1st degree murder charges against alleged Golden State Killer". Global News Videos. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.

[70] "Man accused of being Golden State Killer pleads guilty to 1975 Visalia murder". KFSN. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.

[:3-71] "Ep. 8 The Visalia Ransacker, Part One". Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[:7-72] Ep. 9 The Visalia Ransacker, Part Two, archived from the original on April 25, 2018, retrieved April 21, 2018

[:5-73] "12-26-75 - Golden State Killer". 12-26-75. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[:11-74] "The Visalia Ransacker – list of stolen items". True Crime Articles. March 13, 2018. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2018.

[:4-75] "Podcast VR Map -- A - Google My Maps". Google My Maps. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[76] "Podcast VR Map B - Google My Maps". Google My Maps. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[77] Stanton, Sam; Smith, Darrell (June 1, 2018). "Read the warrant documents in the East Area Rapist case". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2020.

[78] "The Visalia Ransacker - Basics". The Visalia Ransacker. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[:1-79] Kent, Jane, ed. (September 18, 1975). "Slayer of journalist sought by police" (PDF). The Rampage. Fresno, California: Fresno City College. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2018.

[80] James, Cory (April 27, 2018). "Visalia Ransacker's victim speaks out for the very first time". ABC7 San Francisco. Archived from the original on August 26, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2018.

[:9-81] Ep. 10 The Visalia Ransacker, Part Three, archived from the original on April 25, 2018, retrieved April 22, 2018

[:0-82] "The mystery of the Visalia Ransacker won't go away after 41 years". The Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.

[83] "DeAngelo Redacted Search Warrant - page 130". Retrieved June 30, 2018.

[84] Rupe, Megan (March 16, 2018). "National network shining light on more than 40 year Visalia cold case". YourCentralValley.com. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.

[:12-85] Ep. 11 McGowen Shooting, retrieved April 22, 2018

[:8-86] Pedersen, Gary (December 11, 1975). "Prowler fires at officer, escapes". Visalia Times-Delta. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.

[Priestland-87] Priestland, Anna (May 15, 2017). "Case 53: The East Area Rapist – 1976 (Part 1)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.

[88] "Sacramento is up tight over rapist and threats". The Gettysburg Times. Associated Press. May 20, 1977. p. 24. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.

[89] "Cold Case EARONS: The Library". Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
"East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker". East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[HearTheKiller-90] McNamara, Michelle (February 27, 2013). "Hear the Golden State Killer". Los Angeles. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.

[91] "Rape fear hovers in Sacramento Valley". Eureka Times-Standard. Eureka, CA. Associated Press. March 25, 1977. p. 22. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. The attacks are at a home where no man is present. Either the woman, usually under 35, lives alone, or her husband or family is away.

[92] Fetherling, Dale (May 22, 1977). "Sacramento Area Rapist Sends Public into Streets". The Los Angeles Times. pp. 3, 25. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.

[93] "City in Fear of Rapist's Kill Threat". Indiana Gazette. Associated Press. May 19, 1997. p. 6. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.

[ValleyNews1977-94] Packer, Bill (November 11, 1977). "Sacramento rapist hits again – 27th time in 16 months". Valley News. p. 6. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.

[95] "$50K reward offered for 'Original Night Stalker' as 40th-anniversary nears". The Oregonian. Associated Press. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.

[96] "Golden State Killer's ex-fiancee joins long line of victims confronting him in court". The Los Angeles Times. August 19, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2021.

[97] "Suspect in Brutal 1983 Fairfield Murder Commits Suicide After Positive DNA Test". San Francisco: CBS. March 5, 2014. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
"East Area Rapist strikes second time in Stockton". The Los Angeles Times. The Associated Press. March 20, 1978. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. The rapist spent more than an hour in the house, ransacking it and taking articles of value, police said.

[98] "Rapist claims 25th victim". The Los Angeles Times. United Press International. October 22, 1977. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.

[1-8-99] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Man Hunted As Suspect in 8 Rapes" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. November 4, 1976. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[1-8A-100] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "East Area Rapist ... fear grips serene neighborhoods" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. November 10, 1976. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[101] "Rape victim turns tragedy into purpose, with California serial rapist never caught". WSAV. April 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.

[102] "Glenbrook Housewife is Raped" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. January 19, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[103] "Rapist Strikes Again, 14th time in 15 months" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[104] "East Area Rapist Attacks? 15th Assault" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. February 7, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[105] "Lurker Shoots Youth" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. February 17, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[106] "Rape May Be Linked to Series" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. March 8, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[107] "'East Side Rapist' suspected again" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. March 20, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"Rapist hits 17th victim" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. March 20, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[list1-108] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Timeline: List of Golden State Killer attacks". The San Jose Mercury News. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[list2-109] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "All of the crimes tied to the East Area Rapist/Golden State Killer". NBC KCRA 3. April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.

[110] "18th Rape Victim in East Area" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. April 15, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[SacBee5.5.77-111] "East Area Rapist Attacks 20th Victim in Orangevale" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. May 5, 1077. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[112] Assagai, Mel (May 15, 1977). "East Area Rapist Attacks 22nd Victim at Home" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[113] "East Area Rapist Attacks No. 23" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. May 17, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[114] Bell, Ted (May 29, 1977). "East Area Rapist Hits South: Victim 24" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[115] Wilson, Wayne (September 7, 1977). "Police Certain East Area Rapist Struck in Stockton" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[116] "East Area Rapist Returns to District, Assaults Teen-Aged Girl in Duplex" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. October 2, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[117] Holloway, Warren; Akeman, Thom (October 21, 1977). "Rapist Gets 25th Victim" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. p. B1–B2. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[118] Mapes, Paul (October 30, 1977). "Couple Terrorized by East Area Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[119] "East Area Rapist Attacks Girl, 13" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. November 10, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[120] Hammarley, John (December 4, 1977). "Teen-age boys scare off rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"Noise May Have Curbed Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. December 4, 1977. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[121] Akeman, Thom (January 30, 1978). "East Rapist Assaults Teen Sisters" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"Two sisters latest victims of East Area Rapist". The San Bernardino Sun. The Associated Press. January 30, 1978. p. A4. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.

[122] "East Rapist in Stockton" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. March 19, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[123] "East Rapist Kicks in Door, Attacks Sitter in South Area" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. April 16, 1978. pp. A1, A20. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[SacUnion-124] "East Area Rapist Strikes in Modesto" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. June 7, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[125] "East Area Rapist Strikes Modesto" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. June 7, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[126] "Rapist Accredited with 2 Attacks" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. June 27, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[127] Wilson, Bill (July 7, 1978). "East Area Rapist Returns to Davis, Assaults Mother" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[128] Assagai, Mel; Diaz, Jaime (October 14, 1978). "Two Concord rapes in week ascribed to East Area Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[129] "Area rapist strikes in Concord" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. October 14, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[130] "Rape's aftermath raises issue of suburban safety" (PDF). The Contra Costa Times. December 10, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"Assault in San Ramon blamed on East Area Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. November 7, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
"East Area Rapist blamed for attack" (PDF). The Sacramento Union. November 2, 1978. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[131] "East Area Rapist Hits in Fremont" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. April 6, 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[132] Fraley, Malaika (July 17, 2011). "Walnut Creek teen rape survivor recalls crime, community's help". The San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.

[133] "Danville Woman Latest Victim of Capital's East Area Rapist" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. June 13, 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[134] "East Area Rapist attacks 13 year-old" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. June 26, 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[135] "East Area Rapist/Original Night Stalker". ear-ons.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
"Cold Case EARONS: The Attacks". Archived from the original on September 23, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.

[FBIHelp-136] "Help Us Catch the East Area Rapist". FBI.gov. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.

[137] Mettler, Katie (June 16, 2016). "After 40 years, 12 slayings, and 45 rapes, the 'Golden State Killer' still eludes police". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.

[138] Thompson, Don (June 15, 2016). "Reward offered in 40 year-old California serial killer case". Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2020.

[139] "Joseph DeAngelo pleads guilty to killing Brian and Katie Maggiore". cbslocal.com. Sacramento, CA. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.

[140] Myers, Joseph Serna, Richard Winton, Sarah Parvini, Melanie Mason, John (April 25, 2018). "Suspected Golden State Killer, a former police officer, arrested on 'needle in the haystack' DNA evidence". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[141] "Sheriff's Blotter" (PDF). Goleta Valley News. October 10, 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[LATimes-142] Chawkins, Steve; Santa Cruz, Nicole (May 6, 2011). "DNA testing sheds new light on Original Night Stalker case". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2015.

[143] Rimer, Skip; Beamish, Rita (March 17, 1980). "Lawyer, wife found slain in Ventura home" (PDF). Ventura County Star. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
Thompson, Don (2016). "Reward offered for elusive serial killer with links to Ventura couple". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.

[OCRegister6.15.16-144] "$50,000 reward offered in 40 year-old serial killer cold case – four O.C. deaths linked to unknown suspect". Orange County Register. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.

[145] Alger, Tim (January 3, 1982). "County slayings: Not all cases are closed". Orange County Register. p. B1–B2. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2017 – via NewspaperArchive.com.

[146] Scroggin, Samantha (May 6, 2011). "1981 Goleta murders tied to unknown serial killer". Santa Maria Times. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.

[EAR-ONS-147] "East Area Rapist/Original Night Stalker". Archived from the original on May 4, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.

[OffermanManning-148] "Motive and slayer sought in murders". The San Bernardino Sun. Associated Press. January 2, 1980. p. A5. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.

[149] "Slain attorney, wife were beaten to death". The San Bernardino Sun. Associated Press. March 19, 1980. p. A6. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.

[150] Hurst, John (August 2, 1981). "'Night Stalker' Theory Connecting Eight Southland Slayings Disputed". The Los Angeles Times. p. A3, A24. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.

[151] Barry, Dan; Arango, Tim; Oppel, Richard A. Jr. (April 28, 2018). "The Golden State Killer left a trail of horror with taunts and guile". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2019.

[OrangeCoastMag-152] Logan, Dan (October 1988). "Fingering a killer". Orange Coast. 14 (10): 122–128. ISSN 0279-0483. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2018.

[153] Leonard, Jack (October 5, 2000). "Victims' relatives urge public to help solve serial killings". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.

[OCRegister2009-154] Emery, Sean (May 5, 2009). "'Original Night Stalker' focus of new cable special". Orange County Register. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.

[155] Chawkins, Steve; Santa Cruz, Nicole (May 6, 2011). "DNA testing sheds new light on Original Night Stalker case". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2017.

[Malnic1981-156] Malnic, Eric (July 29, 1981). "Tie hinted in pair of Goleta murders". Los Angeles Times. p. A20. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.

[thequesterfiles.com-157] "Murder 8 & 9 – Cheri Domingo & Greg Sanchez – Night Predator EAR/ONS Files – Goleta, 1981". Archived from the original on June 23, 2016.

[158] "ONS Attack No. 6". Cold Case: East Area Rapist. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.

[159] Macfadyen, William M. (September 7, 2013). "Public's Help Sought with New Clue in 1981 Original Night Stalker Double Murder in Goleta". Noozhawk. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2017.

[160] Carson-Sandler, Jane; Phelps, M. William (2015). She Survived: Jane. Pinnacle Books. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0-7860-3457-4. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[161] Johnson, Brian (January 8, 2019). "Tulare DA: Golden State Killer not suspect in Exeter teen's 1975 murder". ABC 30. Retrieved January 8, 2020.

[162] Griswold, Lewis (January 8, 2019). "DNA clears Golden State Killer suspect in girl's murder. Old conviction stands". The Fresno Bee. Retrieved January 8, 2020.

[163] Ellis, Reggie (July 11, 2018). "Tulare County Sheriff's cold case detectives say former Exeter police officer is a suspect in the murder of Jennifer Armour of Visalia". The Sun Gazette. Retrieved January 8, 2020.

[164] Luciano, Lilia (October 18, 2019). "Framed by the Golden State Killer?". ABC 10. Retrieved January 8, 2020.

[165] Farzan, Antonia Noori (February 25, 2019). "He just got $21 million after 39 years wrongly locked up. He has one cop to thank for freeing him". The Washington Post.

[166] Simon, Melissa (December 5, 2019). "Exonerated man now works to educate law enforcement". Thousand Oaks Acorn. Retrieved January 8, 2020.

[167] Dowd, Katie (August 24, 2018). "Investigators reportedly sought links between Australia's 'Mr. Cruel' and the Golden State Killer". SFGate. Retrieved September 20, 2021.

[Sacramento_Bee_no._1-168] "In Brief: Masked Bike Rider Eludes Police". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. December 12, 1977. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017.

[169] Koerner, Claudia (September 10, 2013). "Original Night Stalker: Could O.C. clues lead to killer?". The Orange County Register. Anaheim, California: Freedom Communications. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.

[170] "Case 53: The East Area Rapist 1978–1979 (Part 4)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. June 3, 2017. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.

[171] Winters, Kat. "Attack #15". coldcase-earons.com. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.

[172] "Case 53: The East Area Rapist – 1976 (Part 1)". Casefile: True Crime Podcast. May 14, 2017. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.

[173] "Letters, Calls, and Sightings from December 1977 to January 1978". Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.

[174] Garcia, Ana (December 12, 2017). "New details released in hunt for 'Golden State Killer'". Crime Watch Daily. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2018.

[cwd-175] Hansen, Chris (December 12, 2017). "Pt. 2: New Clue in East Area Rapist Mystery". Crime Watch Daily. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2017.

[176] Wilson, Wayne (March 13, 1980). "Police Debate Tie Between East Area Rapist, Killings" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Wilson, Wayne (February 26, 1980). "Link to East Area Rapist Probed in Couples' Slaying" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. p. B1. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[177] Chawkins, Steve (May 5, 2011). "30 year-old slayings of Goleta couple linked to serial killer". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2015.

[178] Piggott, Mark (June 15, 2016). "$50,000 reward for California's 'most prolific' serial killer 30 years on". International Business Times UK. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.

[179] "FBI Announces $50,000 Reward and National Campaign to Identify East Area Rapist/Golden State Killer". FBI. June 15, 2016. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2016.

[180] Stirling, Stephen (April 26, 2018). "How an N.J. pathologist may have helped solve the 'Golden State Killer' case". NJ.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Arrango, Tim; Goldman, Adam; Fuller, Thomas (April 27, 2018). "To Catch a Killer: A Fake Profile on a DNA Site and a Pristine Sample". The New York Times. New York City. Archived from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
Lillis, Ryan; Kasler, Dale; Chabria, Anita (April 27, 2018). "'Open-source' genealogy site provided missing DNA link to East Area Rapist, investigator says". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.

[181] Murphy, Heather (August 29, 2018). "She helped crack the Golden State Killer case. Here's what she's going to do next". The New York Times. New York City. Archived from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.

[182] Jouvenal, Justin (April 30, 2018). "To find alleged Golden State Killer, investigators first found his great-great-great-grandparents". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Nash Holdings. Archived from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.

[183] "Search warrant" (PDF). Sacramento County, California. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2018.

[184] Scutti, Susan. "What the Golden State Killer case means for your genetic privacy". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Molteni, Megan (May 27, 2018). "The Creepy Genetics Behind the Golden State Killer Case". Wired. New York City: Condé Nast. Archived from the original on April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.

[185] Shelby, Richard (2015). Hunting a Psychopath. St. Petersburg, Florida: Booklocker.com, Inc. pp. 392–393. ISBN 978-1-63263-508-2.

[186] Goodyear, Charlie; Hallissy, Erin (April 25, 2002). "Court says inmate must give DNA / Suspect in 20 year-old murders". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California: Hearst Publishing. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2017.

[VenturaCountyStar-187] Cason, Colleen (July 3, 2002). "DNA Tests Clear Convict in Ventura Killings Paul Schneider Didn't Kill Attorney Lyman Smith, Wife" (PDF). Ventura County Star. Camarillo, California: Gannett. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.

[coldcase-earons2002-188] Cason, Colleen (November 28, 2002). "The Silent Witness" (PDF). Ventura County Star. Camarillo, California: Gannett. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2018.

[189] Shelby, Richard (2016). Hunting a Psychopath (Second ed.). Bradenton, Florida: Booklocker.com, Inc. p. 406. ASIN B00P9UP3KS.

[190] Miller, Aron (October 8, 2000). "DNA Findings Throw New Light on Old Case By" (PDF). Ventura County Star. Camarillo, California: Gannett. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2018.

[191] Myers, Paul (April 25, 2018). "Sacramento Sheriff's Department arrests Visalia Ransacker, confirms he was an officer of the Exeter Police Department in 1973". Williamsport Sun-Gazette. Williamsport, Pennsylvania: Ogden Newspapers Inc. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.

[192] Holes, Paul (2022). Unmasked: My Life Solving America's Cold Cases. New York: Celadon Books. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-250-62279-2.

[193] Fuller, Thomas; Hauser, Christine (April 25, 2018). "Ex-Cop Arrested in Golden State Killer Case: 'We Found the Needle in the Haystack'". The New York Times. New York City. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
Egel, Benjy (April 25, 2018). "Who is the East Area Rapist? Police say it's this ex-cop who attended Folsom High". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California: McClatchy. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
Stanglin, Doug (April 25, 2018). "Golden State Killer: Ex-cop Joseph James DeAngelo arrested as suspect in serial murder-rapes". USA Today. Mclean, Virginia: Gannett. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2018.

[194] Diskin, Megan (May 10, 2018). "Santa Barbara County DA files charges in murders believed connected to Golden State Killer". The Ventura County Star. Camarillo, California: Gannett. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.

[195] "Joseph James DeAngelo Jr. pleads guilty to murders tagged to California's Golden State Killer". USA Today. Mclean, Virginia: Gannett. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.

[196] "Evil". Man in the Window (Podcast). Los Angeles Times. December 22, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2023.

[197] McDonell-Parry, Amelia; McDonell-Parry, Amelia (December 7, 2018). "Golden State Killer Trial: Joseph DeAngelo Case Could Last 10 Years". Rolling Stone. New York City: Wenner Media. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2019.

[198] "Golden State Killer suspect appears in court nearly one year after arrest". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California. April 10, 2019. Archived from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019.

[199] "Golden State Killer one year later". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. April 24, 2019. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved April 24, 2019.

[200] "Hearing details ghastly crimes of Golden State Killer as he pleads guilty to killings". CNN. Mclean, Virginia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.

[201] "Joseph DeAngelo pleads guilty in Golden State Killer cases". The New York Times. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.

[202] Kenton, Luke (May 8, 2020). "New documentary tells how an unsolved neighborhood murder in her childhood inspired the late true-crime author Michelle McNamara's journey to unmask the Golden State Killer". MSN. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.

[203] "Suspected Golden State Killer seeks plea deal to avoid death penalty". WBTV. March 5, 2020. Archived from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.

[204] Shapiro, Emily. "'Golden State Killer' addresses the court: 'I'm truly sorry'". ABC News. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2020.

[205] "'May you rot in prison': US 'Golden State Killer' victims speak out". The Straits Times. Singapore. August 19, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2021.

[206] "US 'Golden State Killer' jailed for life for decade-long crime spree including murders and rapes". The Straits Times. Singapore. August 22, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2021.

[207] "Golden State Killer arrives at prison to start life sentence". Los Angeles Times. November 3, 2020.

[208] CDCR moves 'Golden State Killer' to protective housing at Corcoran State Prison Archived October 27, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, KGET, February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States Czech Republic Poland