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{{short description|French physicist}}
{{short description|French physicist}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Françoise Combes
| name = Françoise Combes
| image = Francoise-Combes-2010.PNG
| image = Francoise-Combes-2010.PNG
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|08|12|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|08|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Montpellier]], [[France]]
| birth_place = [[Montpellier]], [[France]]
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
| residence = [[Paris]]
| citizenship =
| citizenship =
| nationality = French
| nationality = French
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| alma_mater = [[École Normale Supérieure]], [[Paris Diderot University]]
| alma_mater = [[École Normale Supérieure]], [[Paris Diderot University]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| doctoral_students = [[Fabienne Casoli]]
| known_for =
| known_for =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_bot =
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| influences =
| influences =
| influenced =
| influenced =
| prizes = [[CNRS Gold medal]]
| prizes = [[CNRS Gold medal]], [[L'Oréal-UNESCO International Prize for Women in Science]]
| religion =
| religion =
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| signature =
| signature =
}}
}}


'''Françoise Combes''' ({{IPA-fr|fʁɑ̃swaz kɔ̃b|-|Fr-Françoise Combes.ogg}}; born 12 August 1952) is a French [[astrophysicist]] at the [[Paris Observatory]] and a professor at the [[Collège de France]] where she has been the chair of Galaxies and cosmology since 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/francoise-combes/course-2014-2015.htm|title=Le problème de la matière noire : galaxies spirales|website=www.college-de-france.fr|language=fr}}</ref>
'''Françoise Combes''' ({{IPA|fr|fʁɑ̃swaz kɔ̃b|-|Fr-Françoise Combes.ogg}}; born 12 August 1952) is a French [[astrophysicist]] at the [[Paris Observatory]] and a professor at the [[Collège de France]] where she has been the chair of Galaxies and cosmology since 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/francoise-combes/course-2014-2015.htm|title=Le problème de la matière noire : galaxies spirales|website=www.college-de-france.fr|date=15 September 2014 |language=fr}}</ref>


On September 15, 2017, the 'City of Success' school at [[Montpellier]] was renamed as 'High school Françoise Combes'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|title=La cité scolaire de la réussite rebaptisée cité scolaire Françoise Combes|date=September 2017|website=www.ac-montpellier.fr|access-date=2017-10-03}}.</ref>
On 15 September 2017 the 'City of Success' school at [[Montpellier]] was renamed as 'High school Françoise Combes'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|title=La cité scolaire de la réussite rebaptisée cité scolaire Françoise Combes|date=September 2017|website=www.ac-montpellier.fr|access-date=2017-10-03|archive-date=2017-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004034807/http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|url-status=dead}}.</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
Françoise Combes studied at the [[École Normale Supérieure]] from 1971 to 1975. In 1975, she obtained the [[Agrégation]] and a PhD in Physics from [[Paris Diderot University]], writing her thesis on the dynamics and structure of galaxies.
Françoise Combes studied at the [[]École normale supérieure (Paris)|École normale supérieure] from 1971 to 1975. In 1975, she obtained the [[Agrégation]] and a PhD in Physics from [[Paris Diderot University]], writing her thesis on the dynamics and structure of galaxies.


==Research==
==Research==
Her research works are about [[galaxy]] formation and evolution, in a cosmological context. This work includes: galaxy dynamics, their [[Spiral galaxy|spiral]] and [[Barred spiral galaxy|barred]] structures, and interactions between galaxies, studied both through multi-wavelength observations and by numerical simulations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/news/Pages/An-extragalactic-award-to-the-star-of-astrophysics-.aspx|title=An extragalactic award to the star of astrophysics|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us|access-date=2018-05-16}}</ref> Additionally, she has published extensively on the [[interstellar medium]] of galaxies. In particular, the molecular gas which gives birth to new stars in nearby galaxies, such as [[Andromeda Galaxy|Andromeda]], and which can be found in high redshift systems. She has published numerous reviews that range in her areas of interest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/~combes/fcombes/revu.html|title=Françoise Combes (some reviews)|website=aramis.obspm.fr|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref>
Her research works are about [[galaxy formation and evolution]], in a cosmological context. This work includes: galaxy dynamics, their [[Spiral galaxy|spiral]] and [[Barred spiral galaxy|barred]] structures, and interactions between galaxies, studied both through multi-wavelength observations and by numerical simulations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/news/Pages/An-extragalactic-award-to-the-star-of-astrophysics-.aspx|title=An extragalactic award to the star of astrophysics|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us|access-date=2018-05-16}}</ref> Additionally, she has published extensively on the [[interstellar medium]] of galaxies. In particular, the molecular gas which gives birth to new stars in nearby galaxies, such as [[Andromeda Galaxy|Andromeda]], and which can be found in high redshift systems. She has published numerous reviews that range in her areas of interest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/~combes/fcombes/revu.html|title=Françoise Combes (some reviews)|website=aramis.obspm.fr|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref>


Françoise Combes has contributed to various models of [[dark matter]], and is also interested in alternative solutions, such as modified gravity. She collaborated with Daniel Pfenniger in developing a model to account for a large fraction of the dark [[baryon]]s, which have not yet been identified under the form of cold molecular gas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/~combes/|title=Françoise Combes home page|website=aramis.obspm.fr|access-date=2018-05-16}}</ref>
Françoise Combes has contributed to various models of [[dark matter]], and is also interested in alternative solutions, such as modified gravity. She collaborated with Daniel Pfenniger in developing a model to account under the form of cold molecular gas for a large fraction of the dark [[baryon]]s, which have not yet been identified.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/~combes/|title=Françoise Combes home page|website=aramis.obspm.fr|access-date=2018-05-16}}</ref>


==Awards and honors==
==Awards and honors==
* 2023: Oort lecture prize<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/events/2023/09/oort-lecture-2023 | title=Greedy Supermassive Black Holes }}</ref>
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* 2020: Gold Medal of the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The astrophysicist Françoise Combes receives the CNRS 2020 Gold Medal|url=https://news.cnrs.fr/articles/the-astrophysicist-francoise-combes-receives-the-cnrs-2020-gold-medal|access-date=2020-09-10|website=CNRS News|language=en}}</ref>
* 2019: Commander of national order of merit<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000039440044/|access-date=2020-09-13|website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr}}</ref>
* 2023: Elected international member of the US Academy of Sciences (NAS)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2023-nas-election.html | title=News – NAS }}</ref>
* 2022: [[Nikolaos Kylafis|Nick Kylafis]] Lectureship<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nick Kylafis Lectureship|url=https://www.ia.forth.gr/nick-kylafis-lectureship |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=FORTH Institute of Astrophysics |language=en-US}}</ref>
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* 2017: The school ''City of Success of Montpellier'' (France) was renamed as ''High school Françoise Combes''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|title=La cité scolaire de la réussite rebaptisée cité scolaire Françoise Combes|date=September 2017|website=www.ac-montpellier.fr|access-date=2017-10-03}}.</ref>

* 2017: [[Prix Jules Janssen]] of the [[Société astronomique de France]], the French astronomical society.
* 2022: [[Karl Jansky]] Lecturer<ref>{{Cite web |title=French Astronomer Honored as 2022 Jansky Lecturer |url=https://public.nrao.edu/news/2022-jansky-lecturer/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=National Radio Astronomy Observatory |language=en-US}}</ref>
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* 2017: [[Lise Meitner]] Prize of the [[University of Gothenburg|University of Technology CHALMERS in Gothenburg]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/calendar/Pages/Lise-Meitner-Award-lecture.aspx|title=Ceremony and lecture – Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award 2017 {{!}} Chalmers|date=2017-08-24|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/news/Pages/An-extragalactic-award-to-the-star-of-astrophysics-.aspx|title=An extragalactic award to the star of astrophysics|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us|access-date=2018-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Chalmers Physics|title=Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award Lecture 2017 - Françoise Combes|date=2017-10-06|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gk8K0pUCdJ4|accessdate=2018-05-16}}</ref>
* 2021: [[L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards|L'Oréal-UNESCO International Prize for Women in Science]] 2021<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-11|title=L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards honour five women researchers in mathematics, astrophysics, chemistry and informatics|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/loreal-unesco-women-science-awards-honour-five-women-researchers-mathematics-astrophysics|access-date=2021-02-11|website=UNESCO|language=en}}</ref>
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* 2017: Honorary member of the American Astronomical Society<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aas.org/individual-membership/honorary-members|title=Honorary Members {{!}} American Astronomical Society|website=aas.org|language=en}}</ref>
* 2021: [[American Astronomical Society]] Fellow<ref>{{Cite web|title=AAS Names 31 New Fellows for 2021 {{!}} American Astronomical Society|url=https://aas.org/press/aas-fellows-2021|access-date=2021-02-05|website=aas.org}}</ref>
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* 2015: Officer of the French [[Legion of Honour]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legiondhonneur.fr/sites/default/files/lh_20150405.pdf|title=Présidence de la République ORDRE NATIONAL DE LA LÉGION D'HONNEUR|date=2015-04-05|website=www.legiondhonneur.fr|language=french}}</ref>
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*2020: Gold Medal of the [[French National Centre for Scientific Research|CNRS]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The astrophysicist Françoise Combes receives the CNRS 2020 Gold Medal|url=https://news.cnrs.fr/articles/the-astrophysicist-francoise-combes-receives-the-cnrs-2020-gold-medal|access-date=2020-09-10|website=CNRS News|language=en}}</ref>
* 2019: Commander of [[National Order of Merit (France)|National Order of Merit]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000039440044/|access-date=2020-09-13|title=Décret du 30 novembre 2019 portant promotion et nomination|website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr}}</ref>
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* 2017: The school ''City of Success of Montpellier'' (France) was renamed as ''High school Françoise Combes''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|title=La cité scolaire de la réussite rebaptisée cité scolaire Françoise Combes|date=September 2017|website=www.ac-montpellier.fr|access-date=2017-10-03|archive-date=2017-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004034807/http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|url-status=dead}}.</ref>
* 2017: [[Prix Jules Janssen]] of the [[Société astronomique de France]], the French Astronomical Society<ref>{{Cite web |title=Award ceremony for the Janssen Prize |url=https://saf-astronomie.fr/remise_prix_janssen_2016_2017/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=Société astronomique de France}}</ref>
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* 2017: [[Lise Meitner]] Prize of the [[University of Gothenburg|University of Technology CHALMERS in Gothenburg]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/calendar/Pages/Lise-Meitner-Award-lecture.aspx|title=Ceremony and lecture – Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award 2017 {{!}} Chalmers|date=2017-08-24|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/news/Pages/An-extragalactic-award-to-the-star-of-astrophysics-.aspx|title=An extragalactic award to the star of astrophysics|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us|access-date=2018-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Chalmers Physics|title=Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award Lecture 2017 - Françoise Combes|date=2017-10-06|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gk8K0pUCdJ4|access-date=2018-05-16}}</ref>
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* 2017: Honorary member of the [[American Astronomical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aas.org/individual-membership/honorary-members|title=Honorary Members {{!}} American Astronomical Society|website=aas.org|language=en}}</ref>
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* 2015: Officer of the [[Legion of Honour|French Legion of Honour]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legiondhonneur.fr/sites/default/files/lh_20150405.pdf|title=Présidence de la République ORDRE NATIONAL DE LA LÉGION D'HONNEUR|date=2015-04-05|website=www.legiondhonneur.fr|language=french}}</ref>
* 2013: [[Petrie Prize Lecture|R.M. Petrie Prize]] of the [[Canadian Astronomical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://casca.ca/?page_id=568|title=R.M. Petrie Prize Lecture - CASCA|website=casca.ca|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2013: [[Petrie Prize Lecture|R.M. Petrie Prize]] of the [[Canadian Astronomical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://casca.ca/?page_id=568|title=R.M. Petrie Prize Lecture - CASCA|website=casca.ca|language=en-US}}</ref>
* 2013: Honorary Fellow of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes|title=Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details|last=Smith|first=Keith|website=www.ras.org.uk|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209060652/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes|archive-date=2013-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2013: Honorary Fellow of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes|title=Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details|last=Smith|first=Keith|website=www.ras.org.uk|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209060652/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes|archive-date=2013-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2012: [[Three Physicists Prize|Prix des Trois Physiciens]], ENS<ref>[http://www.phys.ens.fr/spip.php?article820] Prix des Trois Physiciens {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215181945/http://www.phys.ens.fr/spip.php?article820 |date=2013-12-15 }}</ref>
* 2012: [[Three Physicists Prize|Prix des Trois Physiciens]], ENS<ref>[http://www.phys.ens.fr/spip.php?article820] Prix des Trois Physiciens {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215181945/http://www.phys.ens.fr/spip.php?article820|date=2013-12-15}}</ref>
* 2009: Officer of the [[National Order of Merit (France)|National Order of Merit]]
* 2009: Officer of the [[National Order of Merit (France)|National Order of Merit]]
* 2009: Member of the Academia Europaea<ref>[[Academia Europaea]]</ref>
* 2009: Member of the [[Academia Europaea]]<ref>[[Academia Europaea]]</ref>
* 2003: Honorary Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes%7Cwork=RAS|title=Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details|last=Smith|first=Keith|website=www.ras.org.uk|language=en-gb}}</ref>
* 2003: Honorary Fellow of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]], 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes%7Cwork=RAS|title=Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details|last=Smith|first=Keith|website=www.ras.org.uk|date=7 June 2023 |language=en-gb}}</ref>
* 2009: [[Tycho Brahe Prize]] of the [[European Astronomical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eas.unige.ch/tycho_brahe_prize.jsp|title=Tycho Brahe Prize|last=Switzerland|first=Marc Türler and Mathias Beck, ISDC, Observatory of the University of Geneva|website=eas.unige.ch}}</ref>
* 2009: [[Tycho Brahe Prize]] of the [[European Astronomical Society]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eas.unige.ch/tycho_brahe_prize.jsp|title=Tycho Brahe Prize|last=Switzerland|first=Marc Türler and Mathias Beck, ISDC, Observatory of the University of Geneva|website=eas.unige.ch}}</ref>
* 2006: Knight of the French Legion of Honour
* 2006: Knight of the [[Legion of Honour|French Legion of Honour]]
* 2004: Member of the [[French Academy of Sciences]]<ref>[http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Combes_Francoise.htm] Her page in Académie {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216000517/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Combes_Francoise.htm |date=2013-12-16 }}</ref>
* 2004: Member of the [[French Academy of Sciences]]<ref>[http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Combes_Francoise.htm] Her page in Académie {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216000517/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Combes_Francoise.htm|date=2013-12-16}}</ref>
* 2001: Silver Medal of the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnrs.fr/en/research/awards/silver/2001.htm|title=CNRS - CNRS silver medals for 2001|last=CNRS|website=www.cnrs.fr|language=fr}}</ref>
* 2001: Silver Medal of the [[French National Centre for Scientific Research|CNRS]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnrs.fr/en/research/awards/silver/2001.htm|title=CNRS - CNRS silver medals for 2001|last=CNRS|website=www.cnrs.fr|language=fr}}</ref>
* 1986: IBM physics prize
* 1986: IBM physics prize


== Bibliography ==
== Works ==
Françoise Combes is the author of over a thousand articles,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=korB95oAAAAJ|title=Francoise Combes - Google Scholar Citations|website=scholar.google.com|access-date=2018-08-06}}</ref> a number of books, and has participated in collective works. Her English-language books include:
Françoise Combes is the author of over a thousand articles,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=korB95oAAAAJ|title=Francoise Combes - Google Scholar Citations|website=scholar.google.com|access-date=2018-08-06}}</ref> a number of books, and has participated in collective works. Her English-language books include:


* Active Galactic Nuclei, 2022 F. Combes, ISTE Editor<ref>{{cite web | url=https://iste.co.uk/book.php?id=1907 | title=Active Galactic Nuclei - ISTE }}</ref>
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* ''The Milky Way'' (with James Lequeux), EDP Sciences, 2016, 196p ({{ISBN|978-2759819157}})
* Active Galactic Nuclei: fueling and feedback, December 2021 F. Combes, IOP Editor<ref>{{cite book | url=https://iopscience.iop.org/book/mono/978-0-7503-3035-0 | isbn=978-0-7503-3035-0 | title=Active Galactic Nuclei: Fueling and feedback | date=December 2021 | publisher=IOP }}</ref>
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* ''Galaxies and Cosmology (Astronomy and Astrophysics Library)'' (with Patrick Boissé) (translator: M. Seymour), Springer, 2nd Ed 2004, 468p ({{ISBN|978-3540419273}})
* Galaxies, 2021 F. Combes, ISTE Editor<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.istegroup.com/fr/produit/galaxies/ | title=Galaxies – ISTE Editions }}</ref>
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* ''The Cold Universe'' Saas-Fee Advanced Course. vol 32. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy (with Andrew W. Blain) (editor: Daniel Pfenniger), Springer, 2004, ({{ISBN|978-3540408383}})
* Trous Noirs et Quasars, 2021, F. Combes, de Vive Voix<ref>{{cite book | url=https://www.cnrseditions.fr/catalogue/physique-et-astrophysique/livre-audio-trous-noirs-et-quasars/ | title=Trous noirs et quasars - CNRS Editions }}</ref>
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* ''Mysteries Of Galaxy Formation'', Praxis, 2010, 224p ({{ISBN|978-1441908674}})
*''La Voie Lactée'', 2013, (EdP-Sciences), F. Combes & J. Lequeux
* Le Big Bang, 2019, F. Combes, Que-sais-je, PUF
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* The Milky Way (with James Lequeux), EDP Sciences, 2016, 196p (ISBN 978-2759819157)
*''Galaxies et Cosmologie (2009)'', (Ellipses), F. Combes, M. Haywood, S. Collin, F. Durret, B. Guiderdoni
* La Matière Noire, clé de l'Univers, 2015, F. Combes, Vuibert
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*[[Alain Aspect|A. Aspect]], [[Roger Balian|R. Balian]], [[Gérald Bastard|G. Bastard]], [[Jean-Philippe Bouchaud|J.P. Bouchaud]], [[Bernard Cabane|B. Cabane]], F. Combes, [[Thérèse Encrenaz|T. Encrenaz]], S. Fauve, [[Albert Fert|A. Fert]], [[Mathias Fink|M. Fink]], [[Antoine Georges|A. Georges]], [[Jean-François Joanny|J.F. Joanny]], [[Daniel Kaplan (physicist)|D. Kaplan]], D. Le Bihan, [[Pierre Léna|P. Léna]], [[Hervé Le Treut|H. Le Treut]], [[Jean-Paul Poirier|J-P Poirier]], [[Jacques Prost|J. Prost]] et [[Jean-Loup Puget|J.L. Puget]], ''Demain la physique'', (Odile Jacob, 2009)
*''Mystères de la formation des galaxies (2008)'', (Dunod), F. Combes
* La Voie Lactée, 2013, (EdP-Sciences), F. Combes & J. Lequeux
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* Mysteries Of Galaxy Formation, Praxis, 2010, 224p (ISBN 978-1441908674)
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*''Galaxies et Cosmologie'' (1991), (Inter-Sciences, CNRS), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard
*''Galaxies and Cosmology'' (1995), (Springer), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard, (réédité en 2002)
* Galaxies et Cosmologie (2009), (Ellipses), F. Combes, M. Haywood, S. Collin, F. Durret, B. Guiderdoni
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* A. Aspect, R. Balian, G. Bastard, J.P. Bouchaud, B. Cabane, F. Combes, T. Encrenaz, S. Fauve, A. Fert, M. Fink, A. Georges, J.F. Joanny, D. Kaplan, D. Le Bihan, P. Léna, H. Le Treut, J-P Poirier, J. Prost et J.L. Puget, Demain la physique, (Odile Jacob, 2009)
* Mystères de la formation des galaxies (2008), (Dunod), F. Combes
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* The Cold Universe Saas-Fee Advanced Course. vol 32. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy (with Andrew W. Blain) (editor: Daniel Pfenniger), Springer, 2004, (ISBN 978-3540408383)
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* Galaxies and Cosmology (Astronomy and Astrophysics Library) (with Patrick Boissé) (translator: M. Seymour), Springer, 2nd Ed 2004, 468p (ISBN 978-3540419273)
* Galaxies and Cosmology (1995), (Springer), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard, (réédité en 2002)
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* Galaxies et Cosmologie (1991), (Inter-Sciences, CNRS), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:École Normale Supérieure alumni]]
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[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
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[[Category:21st-century French women scientists]]

Latest revision as of 14:00, 16 December 2024

Françoise Combes
Born (1952-08-12) 12 August 1952 (age 72)
Montpellier, France
NationalityFrench
Alma materÉcole Normale Supérieure, Paris Diderot University
AwardsCNRS Gold medal, L'Oréal-UNESCO International Prize for Women in Science
Scientific career
FieldsAstrophysics
InstitutionsObservatoire de Paris
Doctoral studentsFabienne Casoli

Françoise Combes (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swaz kɔ̃b] ⓘ; born 12 August 1952) is a French astrophysicist at the Paris Observatory and a professor at the Collège de France where she has been the chair of Galaxies and cosmology since 2014.[1]

On 15 September 2017 the 'City of Success' school at Montpellier was renamed as 'High school Françoise Combes'.[2]

Education

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Françoise Combes studied at the [[]École normale supérieure (Paris)|École normale supérieure] from 1971 to 1975. In 1975, she obtained the Agrégation and a PhD in Physics from Paris Diderot University, writing her thesis on the dynamics and structure of galaxies.

Research

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Her research works are about galaxy formation and evolution, in a cosmological context. This work includes: galaxy dynamics, their spiral and barred structures, and interactions between galaxies, studied both through multi-wavelength observations and by numerical simulations.[3] Additionally, she has published extensively on the interstellar medium of galaxies. In particular, the molecular gas which gives birth to new stars in nearby galaxies, such as Andromeda, and which can be found in high redshift systems. She has published numerous reviews that range in her areas of interest.[4]

Françoise Combes has contributed to various models of dark matter, and is also interested in alternative solutions, such as modified gravity. She collaborated with Daniel Pfenniger in developing a model to account under the form of cold molecular gas for a large fraction of the dark baryons, which have not yet been identified.[5]

Awards and honors

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  • 2023: Oort lecture prize[6]
  • 2023: Elected international member of the US Academy of Sciences (NAS)[7]
  • 2022: Nick Kylafis Lectureship[8]

Works

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Françoise Combes is the author of over a thousand articles,[29] a number of books, and has participated in collective works. Her English-language books include:

  • Active Galactic Nuclei, 2022 F. Combes, ISTE Editor[30]
  • Active Galactic Nuclei: fueling and feedback, December 2021 F. Combes, IOP Editor[31]
  • Galaxies, 2021 F. Combes, ISTE Editor[32]
  • Trous Noirs et Quasars, 2021, F. Combes, de Vive Voix[33]
  • Le Big Bang, 2019, F. Combes, Que-sais-je, PUF
  • The Milky Way (with James Lequeux), EDP Sciences, 2016, 196p (ISBN 978-2759819157)
  • La Matière Noire, clé de l'Univers, 2015, F. Combes, Vuibert
  • La Voie Lactée, 2013, (EdP-Sciences), F. Combes & J. Lequeux
  • Mysteries Of Galaxy Formation, Praxis, 2010, 224p (ISBN 978-1441908674)
  • Galaxies et Cosmologie (2009), (Ellipses), F. Combes, M. Haywood, S. Collin, F. Durret, B. Guiderdoni
  • A. Aspect, R. Balian, G. Bastard, J.P. Bouchaud, B. Cabane, F. Combes, T. Encrenaz, S. Fauve, A. Fert, M. Fink, A. Georges, J.F. Joanny, D. Kaplan, D. Le Bihan, P. Léna, H. Le Treut, J-P Poirier, J. Prost et J.L. Puget, Demain la physique, (Odile Jacob, 2009)
  • Mystères de la formation des galaxies (2008), (Dunod), F. Combes
  • The Cold Universe Saas-Fee Advanced Course. vol 32. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy (with Andrew W. Blain) (editor: Daniel Pfenniger), Springer, 2004, (ISBN 978-3540408383)
  • Galaxies and Cosmology (Astronomy and Astrophysics Library) (with Patrick Boissé) (translator: M. Seymour), Springer, 2nd Ed 2004, 468p (ISBN 978-3540419273)
  • Galaxies and Cosmology (1995), (Springer), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard, (réédité en 2002)
  • Galaxies et Cosmologie (1991), (Inter-Sciences, CNRS), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Le problème de la matière noire : galaxies spirales". www.college-de-france.fr (in French). 15 September 2014.
  2. ^ "La cité scolaire de la réussite rebaptisée cité scolaire Françoise Combes". www.ac-montpellier.fr. September 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-10-04. Retrieved 2017-10-03..
  3. ^ "An extragalactic award to the star of astrophysics". www.chalmers.se. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
  4. ^ "Françoise Combes (some reviews)". aramis.obspm.fr. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
  5. ^ "Françoise Combes home page". aramis.obspm.fr. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
  6. ^ "Greedy Supermassive Black Holes".
  7. ^ "News – NAS".
  8. ^ "Nick Kylafis Lectureship". FORTH Institute of Astrophysics. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
  9. ^ "French Astronomer Honored as 2022 Jansky Lecturer". National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  10. ^ "L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards honour five women researchers in mathematics, astrophysics, chemistry and informatics". UNESCO. 2021-02-11. Retrieved 2021-02-11.
  11. ^ "AAS Names 31 New Fellows for 2021 | American Astronomical Society". aas.org. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
  12. ^ "The astrophysicist Françoise Combes receives the CNRS 2020 Gold Medal". CNRS News. Retrieved 2020-09-10.
  13. ^ "Décret du 30 novembre 2019 portant promotion et nomination". www.legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  14. ^ "La cité scolaire de la réussite rebaptisée cité scolaire Françoise Combes". www.ac-montpellier.fr. September 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-10-04. Retrieved 2017-10-03..
  15. ^ "Award ceremony for the Janssen Prize". Société astronomique de France. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  16. ^ "Ceremony and lecture – Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award 2017 | Chalmers". www.chalmers.se. 2017-08-24.
  17. ^ "An extragalactic award to the star of astrophysics". www.chalmers.se. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
  18. ^ Chalmers Physics (2017-10-06), Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award Lecture 2017 - Françoise Combes, retrieved 2018-05-16
  19. ^ "Honorary Members | American Astronomical Society". aas.org.
  20. ^ "Présidence de la République ORDRE NATIONAL DE LA LÉGION D'HONNEUR" (PDF). www.legiondhonneur.fr (in French). 2015-04-05.
  21. ^ "R.M. Petrie Prize Lecture - CASCA". casca.ca.
  22. ^ Smith, Keith. "Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details". www.ras.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-02-09.
  23. ^ [1] Prix des Trois Physiciens Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Academia Europaea
  25. ^ Smith, Keith (7 June 2023). "Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details". www.ras.org.uk.
  26. ^ Switzerland, Marc Türler and Mathias Beck, ISDC, Observatory of the University of Geneva. "Tycho Brahe Prize". eas.unige.ch.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ [2] Her page in Académie Archived 2013-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ CNRS. "CNRS - CNRS silver medals for 2001". www.cnrs.fr (in French).
  29. ^ "Francoise Combes - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  30. ^ "Active Galactic Nuclei - ISTE".
  31. ^ Active Galactic Nuclei: Fueling and feedback. IOP. December 2021. ISBN 978-0-7503-3035-0.
  32. ^ "Galaxies – ISTE Editions".
  33. ^ Trous noirs et quasars - CNRS Editions.
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