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{{Short description|Species of tree}} |
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{{Italic title}} |
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{{speciesbox |
{{speciesbox |
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|name = Broad-leaved lilly pilly |
|name = Broad-leaved lilly pilly |
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|image =Acmena hemilampra - leaves.JPG |
|image = Acmena hemilampra - leaves.JPG |
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|image_caption = |
|image_caption = |
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|status = |
|status = |
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|status_system = |
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|genus = |
|genus = Syzygium |
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|species = |
|species = hemilamprum |
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|authority = ([[F.Muell.]]) [[Lyndley Craven|Craven]] & [[Edward Sturt Biffin|Biffin]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Syzygium hemilamprum''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/202987|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> |
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|authority = ([[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell.]] ex [[Frederick Manson Bailey|F.M.Bailey]]) [[Elmer Drew Merrill|Merr.]] & [[Lily May Perry|L.M.Perry]] |
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|synonyms = |
|synonyms = |
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* '' |
* ''Acmena hemilampra'' <small>(F.Muell.) [[Merr.]] & [[L.M.Perry]] nom. alt.</small> |
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* ''Eugenia hemilampra'' <small> |
* ''Eugenia hemilampra'' <small>F.Muell. nom. alt.</small> |
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* ''Eugenia smithii |
* ''Eugenia smithii var. hemilampra'' <small>F.Muell.</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''Syzygium hemilamprum''''', commonly known as the '''broad-leaved lilly pilly''', '''blush satinash''', '''cassowary gum''', '''Eungella gum''',<ref name="RFK">{{cite web |author1=F.A.Zich |author2=B.P.M.Hyland |author3=T.Whiffen |author4=R.A.Kerrigan |author2-link=Bernard Hyland |year=2020 |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Syzygium_hemilamprum_subsp._hemilamprum.htm |title=''Syzygium hemilamprum'' subsp. ''hemilamprum'' |website=[[Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants]] Edition 8 (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), [[Australian Government]] |access-date=25 June 2021}}</ref> and treated as ''Acmena hemilampra'' in New South Wales and Queensland,<ref name="APC" /> is a species of flowering plant in the family [[Myrtaceae]] and is native to New South Wales, Queensland and the Northern Territory. It is a rainforest tree with broadly lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, [[panicle]]s of white flowers and more or less spherical white fruit. |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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''Syzygium hemilamprum'' is a tree that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|35|m}} with a [[diameter at breast height]] of up to {{cvt|120|cm}}. The trunk is flanged or buttressed in larger trees, and has fissured and flaky reddish-brown bark. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, broadly lance-shaped to elliptic, {{cvt|39–131|mm}} long and {{cvt|18–60|mm}} wide on a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] {{cvt|2–10|mm}} long. The leaves are glossy and more or less [[wikt:glabrous|glabrous]] on the upper surface and paler below. The flowers are arranged in panicles on the ends of branchlets, each flower on a [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] {{cvt|2.5–5|mm}} long. The [[sepal]]s are joined at the base forming a tube about {{cvt|1.5–4|mm}} in diameter, the sepal lobes small and inconspicuous. The petals are more or less circular, {{cvt|1–1.5|mm}} long and the [[stamen]]s {{cvt|0.5–2.5|mm}} long. Flowering occurs from October to November and the fruit is white and more less spherical, {{cvt|11–17|mm}} in diameter.<ref name="RFK" /><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Wilson |first1=Peter G. |title=''Acmena hemilampra'' |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Acmena~hemilampra |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> |
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A medium to large tree, reaching a height of 35 metres and a trunk diameter of 120 cm. The trunk is flanged or buttressed in larger trees, with red brown bark. The bark is fairly smooth on younger trees. Fissured and flaky on larger trees. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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Leaves are opposite, not toothed, 4 to 9 cm long, relatively thick and ''broad'', with a blunt point at the tip, which contrasts with the prominent drip tip on the [[Acmena smithii|Lilly Pilly]]. The underside of the leaf is dull, sometimes [[glaucous]]. Leaf venation is more evident on the upper surface, oil dots few in number. |
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This lilly pilly was first formally described in 1875 by [[Ferdinand von Mueller]] and given the name ''Eugenia hemilampra'' in ''[[Flora Australiensis]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eugenia hemilampra''|url= http://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/755117 |publisher=APNI|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> In the same publication, von Mueller also gave it the alternative name ''Eugenia smithii'' var. ''hemilampra'' and both names are validly published.<ref name=APNIalt.>{{cite web|title=''Eugenia smithii'' var. ''hemilampra''|url= http://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/526993 |publisher=APNI|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="F.Muell.">{{cite book |last1=von Mueller |first1=Ferdiand |title=Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae |volume=9|date=1875 |publisher=Victorian Government Printer |location=Melbourne |page=145 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7226#page/145/mode/1up |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> |
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In 1938, [[Elmer Drew Merrill]] and [[Lily May Perry]] changed the name ''E. hemilampra'' to ''Acmena hemilampra'' in the ''[[Arnold Arboretum#Publications|Journal of the Arnold Arboretum]]'', and the name ''Acmena hemilampra'' <small>Merr. & L.M.Perry</small> is the name used by the [[National Herbarium of New South Wales]].<ref name="RBGS" /><ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Acmena hemilampra''|url= http://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/658668 |publisher=APNI|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="Merr.">{{cite journal |last1=Merrill |first1=Elmer Drew |last2=Perry |first2=Lily May |title=A synopsis of ''Acmena'' DC., a valid genus of the Myrtaceae |journal=Journal of the Arnold Arboretum |date=1938 |volume=19 |pages=15–16 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/33595#page/19/mode/1up |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Then in 2006, [[Lyndley Craven]] and [[Edward Sturt Biffin]] changed von Mueller's ''E. hemilampra'' to ''Syzygium hemilamprum'' in the journal ''[[Blumea (journal)|Blumea]]''.<ref name=APNI2>{{cite web|title=''Syzygium hemilamprum''|url= http://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/611343 |publisher=APNI|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="Blumea">{{cite journal |last1=Craven |first1=Lyndley A. |last2=Biffin |first2=Edward S.A. |last3=Ashton |first3=Peter S. |title=''Acmena'', ''Acmenosperma'', ''Cleistocalyx'', ''Piliocalyx'' and ''Waterhousea'' formally transferred to ''Syzygium'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Blumea |date=2006 |volume=51 |issue=1 |page=137 |url=https://archive.org/details/blumea-0006-5196-51-131-142/page/n5/mode/2up |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> The name ''Syzygium hemilamprum'' is accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]].<ref name="APC" /> |
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Cream flowers form on [[panicle]]s in the months of October to January. A white round shaped berry forms from May to August, often in large clusters. |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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| ⚫ | Often seen on sand by the sea in [[littoral]] rainforests, it reaches its best development in the red/brown volcanic soils, such as around the [[Mount Warning]] [[caldera]]. The natural range of distribution is from [[Yamba, New South Wales|Yamba]] to [[Cape York Peninsula]] in the far north eastern tip of [[Australia]]. |
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[[Image:Ficus watkinsiana on Syzygium hemilampra-Iluka.jpg|thumb|left|210px|[[Ficus watkinsiana]] on a ''Broad-leaved Lilly Pilly'', [[Iluka, New South Wales|Iluka]], [[Australia]]]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9EsAQAAMAAJ&q=Rainforest+trees+of+mainland+south-eastern+Australia+inkata+press |title=Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia |first=A. G. |last=Floyd |author-link=Alexander Floyd |publisher=[[Elsevier|Elsevier Australia - Inkata Imprint]], copyright Forestry Commission of New South Wales |location=[[Port Melbourne, Victoria|Port Melbourne]] |publication-date=1989-12-01 |year=1989 |edition=1st |isbn=0-909605-57-2 |page=239 |access-date=2009-07-18}} [https://www.bookdepository.com/Rainforest-Trees-Mainland-South-Eastern-Australia-G-Floyd/9780909605575?ref=grid-view&qid=1597082346285&sr=1-64 (other publication details, included in citation)] |
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*{{cite web |title=''Acmena hemilampra''|work= PlantNET - NSW Flora Online|url= http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Acmena~hemilampra|accessdate=2009-06-19}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u9EsAQAAMAAJ&q |
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{{Taxonbar| |
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q15383267|from2=Q4674413}} |
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[[Category:Syzygium|hemilamprum]] |
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[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]] |
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]] |
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Queensland]] |
[[Category:Flora of Queensland]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Flora of the Northern Territory]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:08, 1 November 2024
| Broad-leaved lilly pilly | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | Syzygium |
| Species: | S. hemilamprum
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| Binomial name | |
| Syzygium hemilamprum | |
| Synonyms | |
Syzygium hemilamprum, commonly known as the broad-leaved lilly pilly, blush satinash, cassowary gum, Eungella gum,[2] and treated as Acmena hemilampra in New South Wales and Queensland,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is native to New South Wales, Queensland and the Northern Territory. It is a rainforest tree with broadly lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, panicles of white flowers and more or less spherical white fruit.
Description
[edit]Syzygium hemilamprum is a tree that typically grows to a height of 35 m (115 ft) with a diameter at breast height of up to 120 cm (47 in). The trunk is flanged or buttressed in larger trees, and has fissured and flaky reddish-brown bark. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, broadly lance-shaped to elliptic, 39–131 mm (1.5–5.2 in) long and 18–60 mm (0.71–2.36 in) wide on a petiole 2–10 mm (0.079–0.394 in) long. The leaves are glossy and more or less glabrous on the upper surface and paler below. The flowers are arranged in panicles on the ends of branchlets, each flower on a pedicel 2.5–5 mm (0.098–0.197 in) long. The sepals are joined at the base forming a tube about 1.5–4 mm (0.059–0.157 in) in diameter, the sepal lobes small and inconspicuous. The petals are more or less circular, 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long and the stamens 0.5–2.5 mm (0.020–0.098 in) long. Flowering occurs from October to November and the fruit is white and more less spherical, 11–17 mm (0.43–0.67 in) in diameter.[2][3]
Taxonomy
[edit]This lilly pilly was first formally described in 1875 by Ferdinand von Mueller and given the name Eugenia hemilampra in Flora Australiensis.[4] In the same publication, von Mueller also gave it the alternative name Eugenia smithii var. hemilampra and both names are validly published.[5][6]
In 1938, Elmer Drew Merrill and Lily May Perry changed the name E. hemilampra to Acmena hemilampra in the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, and the name Acmena hemilampra Merr. & L.M.Perry is the name used by the National Herbarium of New South Wales.[3][7][8] Then in 2006, Lyndley Craven and Edward Sturt Biffin changed von Mueller's E. hemilampra to Syzygium hemilamprum in the journal Blumea.[9][10] The name Syzygium hemilamprum is accepted by the Australian Plant Census.[1]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Often seen on sand by the sea in littoral rainforests, it reaches its best development in the red/brown volcanic soils, such as around the Mount Warning caldera. The natural range of distribution is from Yamba to Cape York Peninsula in the far north eastern tip of Australia.
Removal of the flesh from the seed is advised to assist seed germination. Germination is slow, taking up to 80 days. However, cuttings strike well.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Syzygium hemilamprum". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ a b F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Syzygium hemilamprum subsp. hemilamprum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ^ a b Wilson, Peter G. "Acmena hemilampra". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "Eugenia hemilampra". APNI. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "Eugenia smithii var. hemilampra". APNI. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ von Mueller, Ferdiand (1875). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. Vol. 9. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer. p. 145. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "Acmena hemilampra". APNI. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ Merrill, Elmer Drew; Perry, Lily May (1938). "A synopsis of Acmena DC., a valid genus of the Myrtaceae". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 19: 15–16. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "Syzygium hemilamprum". APNI. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ Craven, Lyndley A.; Biffin, Edward S.A.; Ashton, Peter S. (2006). "Acmena, Acmenosperma, Cleistocalyx, Piliocalyx and Waterhousea formally transferred to Syzygium (Myrtaceae)". Blumea. 51 (1): 137. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- Floyd, A. G. (1989). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia (1st ed.). Port Melbourne: Elsevier Australia - Inkata Imprint, copyright Forestry Commission of New South Wales (published 1989-12-01). p. 239. ISBN 0-909605-57-2. Retrieved 2009-07-18. (other publication details, included in citation)