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m Ophioglossum gramineum removed from list of synonyms. This taxon is accepted as a distinct species by POWO, World Ferns, APNI, etc.
→Ecology: see previous comment - O. coriaceum is a separate accepted species
 
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{{short description|species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae}}
{{Short description|Species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| image = Ophioglossum lusitanicum.jpg
| image = Ophioglossum lusitanicum.jpg
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| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
*''Ophioglossum coriaceum '' <small>A. Cunn.</small>
*''Ophioglossum braunii'' <small>Prantl</small>
*''Ophioglossum vulgatum'' subsp. ''lusitanicum''
*''Ophioglossum loureiroanum'' <small>C.Presl</small>
|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Irudayaraj, V. |date=2011 |title=''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T194161A8885861 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194161A8885861.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
*''Ophioglossum vulgatum'' var. ''lusitanicum''
}}
}}


'''''Ophioglossum lusitanicum''''', the '''least adder's-tongue''',<ref name="Stace2010">{{cite book|author=Clive Stace|title=New Flora of the British Isles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJ3YP28EjscC&pg=PA9|date=1 April 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-48649-1|pages=9–}}</ref> is a small [[fern]] of the family [[Ophioglossaceae]]. It is a pan-tropically species categorised as least concern by the [[IUCN]] (2001).<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Irudayaraj, V. |year=2011 |title=''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T194161A8885861 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194161A8885861.en |access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>
'''''Ophioglossum lusitanicum''''', the '''least adder's-tongue''',<ref name="Stace2010">{{cite book |author=Clive Stace |title=New Flora of the British Isles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJ3YP28EjscC&pg=PA9 |date=1 April 2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-48649-1 |pages=9–}}</ref> is a small [[fern]] of the family [[Ophioglossaceae]]. It is a [[temperate]] species categorised as least concern by the [[IUCN]] (2001).<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Irudayaraj, V. |year=2011 |title=''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T194161A8885861 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194161A8885861.en |access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
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==Distribution==
==Distribution==
''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' is native to: Africa and India. It is also found on the western seaboard of [[Europe]] ([[Great Britain]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]]); the Atlantic Islands ([[Cape Verde]] and the [[Canary Islands]]); the [[Middle East]] ([[Israel]] and [[Iran]]);<ref>Naqinezhad, AR & Kavousi, K. (2004) [http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/105320040208.pdf The easternmost distribution of Ophioglossum lusitanicum L., new to flora of Iran]. –''Iran Journ. Bot.'' 10
''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' is native to regions bordering the eastern [[North Atlantic Ocean]] in [[Mauritania]], [[Macaronesia]] (excluding Cape Verde), [[Morocco]], [[Portugal]], [[France]] up to the [[Isles of Scilly]] and [[Channel Islands]]; all countries bordering the [[Mediterranean]]; the [[Caucasus region]] and has some records in [[India]] and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. |url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/49X9J |publisher=[[Catalogue of Life]] |access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>
(2): 167-171.</ref>) South America ([[Peru]] and [[Argentina]]); and [[Australasia]] ([[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]).<ref>[http://www.discoverlife.org/20/m?kind=Ophioglossum+lusitanicum&b=EOL/pages/597760 Encyclopedia of Life: ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'']</ref>


The distribution in Britain is restricted to one small area of coastal heath on [[St Agnes, Isles of Scilly|St Agnes]], [[Isles of Scilly]] where it was discovered by [[John Raven]] in 1950. It grows in short turf on [[Wingletang Down (St Agnes)|Wingletang Down]] where some of the colonies are suffering from an increase of competitive grasses, gorse (''[[Ulex europaeus]]'') and bramble (''[[Rubus fruticosus]]'').<ref>Bennallick, I.J., French, C.F and Parslow, R.E. (2009) Vascular Plants. In CISFBR, ''Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly''. 2nd Edition. Praze-an-Beeble: Croceago Press.</ref> ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' is listed on Schedule 8 of the [[Wildlife and Countryside Act]] 1981, and is within a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] (SSSI).
The distribution in Britain is restricted to one small area of coastal heath on [[St Agnes, Isles of Scilly|St Agnes]], [[Isles of Scilly]] where it was discovered by [[John Raven]] in 1950. It grows in short turf on [[Wingletang Down (St Agnes)|Wingletang Down]] where some of the colonies are suffering from an increase of competitive grasses, gorse (''[[Ulex europaeus]]'') and bramble (''[[Rubus fruticosus]]'').<ref>Bennallick, I.J., French, C.F and Parslow, R.E. (2009) Vascular Plants. In CISFBR, ''Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly''. 2nd Edition. Praze-an-Beeble: Croceago Press.</ref> ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' is listed on Schedule 8 of the [[Wildlife and Countryside Act]] 1981, and is within a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] (SSSI).

In Australasia and South America, this species is represented by a [[subspecies]], ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' subsp. ''coriaceum'' <small>(A. Cunn.) R.T. Clausen</small> <ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-26605579 The Plant List.org: ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' subsp. ''coriaceum'']</ref><ref>[http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.asp?ID=2207 NZ Plant Conservation Network: ''Ophioglossum coriaceum'']</ref>


===Ecology===
===Ecology===
As this species is a winter annual, it requires a warm winter environment. In its British populations, it favours thin, unshaded, peaty soils in south-facing localities.<ref>[http://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/index.php?q=plant/ophioglossum-lusitanicum Online Atlas of the British Flora: ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'']</ref>
As this species is a winter annual, it requires a warm winter environment. In its British populations, it favours thin, unshaded, peaty soils in south-facing localities.<ref>[http://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/index.php?q=plant/ophioglossum-lusitanicum Online Atlas of the British Flora: ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'']</ref>


==Taxonomy==
''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' subsp. ''coriaceum'' has a much broader ecological range in southern Australia, where habitats include damp open sites; from coast meadows to alpine grassland.<ref>[http://pierreo.cochard.free.fr/AustralianFerns/Ophioglossum_lusit.html Ferns of New South Wales: ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'']</ref> It is found in [[New South Wales]], [[Tasmania]], [[Queensland]], and other states.<ref>[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Ophioglossum~lusitanicum Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'']</ref>
[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] was the first to [[species description|describe]] least adder's-tongue with the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial]] ''Ophioglossum lusitanicum'' in his ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' of 1753.<ref>{{cite book |title=Species Plantarum |edition=1st |volume=II |last=Linnaeus |first=C. |authorlink=Carl Linnaeus |year=1753 |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |location=Stockholm |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/359084 |page=1063}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2711549}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2711549}}


[[Category:Ophioglossaceae]]
[[Category:Ophioglossum|lusitanicum]]
[[Category:Ferns of the Americas]]
[[Category:Ferns of the Americas]]
[[Category:Ferns of Asia]]
[[Category:Ferns of Asia]]

Latest revision as of 00:18, 7 January 2024

Ophioglossum lusitanicum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Ophioglossales
Family: Ophioglossaceae
Genus: Ophioglossum
Species:
O. lusitanicum
Binomial name
Ophioglossum lusitanicum
Synonyms
  • Ophioglossum braunii Prantl
  • Ophioglossum loureiroanum C.Presl

Ophioglossum lusitanicum, the least adder's-tongue,[2] is a small fern of the family Ophioglossaceae. It is a temperate species categorised as least concern by the IUCN (2001).[3]

Description

[edit]

Ophioglossum lusitanicum is a small winter annual fern, and consists of a simple sterile blade attached to a spike-like fertile blade with between three and eight sunken sporangia on either side. The whole plant rarely exceeds a height of 2 cm.[4]

This species has a chromosome number of 2n = 250–260.[4]

Distribution

[edit]

Ophioglossum lusitanicum is native to regions bordering the eastern North Atlantic Ocean in Mauritania, Macaronesia (excluding Cape Verde), Morocco, Portugal, France up to the Isles of Scilly and Channel Islands; all countries bordering the Mediterranean; the Caucasus region and has some records in India and Vietnam.[5]

The distribution in Britain is restricted to one small area of coastal heath on St Agnes, Isles of Scilly where it was discovered by John Raven in 1950. It grows in short turf on Wingletang Down where some of the colonies are suffering from an increase of competitive grasses, gorse (Ulex europaeus) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus).[6] Ophioglossum lusitanicum is listed on Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and is within a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

Ecology

[edit]

As this species is a winter annual, it requires a warm winter environment. In its British populations, it favours thin, unshaded, peaty soils in south-facing localities.[7]

Taxonomy

[edit]

Linnaeus was the first to describe least adder's-tongue with the binomial Ophioglossum lusitanicum in his Species Plantarum of 1753.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Irudayaraj, V. (2011). "Ophioglossum lusitanicum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T194161A8885861. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194161A8885861.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Clive Stace (1 April 2010). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-139-48649-1.
  3. ^ Irudayaraj, V. (2011). "Ophioglossum lusitanicum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T194161A8885861. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T194161A8885861.en. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  4. ^ a b Stace, Clive, (1997). New Flora of The British Isles, second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  5. ^ "Ophioglossum lusitanicum L." Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  6. ^ Bennallick, I.J., French, C.F and Parslow, R.E. (2009) Vascular Plants. In CISFBR, Red Data Book for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. 2nd Edition. Praze-an-Beeble: Croceago Press.
  7. ^ Online Atlas of the British Flora: Ophioglossum lusitanicum
  8. ^ Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Vol. II (1st ed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 1063.
[edit]
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