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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}


{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name = Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao
| name = Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao
|image = Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao 1969 stamp of India.jpg
| image = Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao 1969 stamp of India.jpg
|image_size = 250px
| image_size = 250px
|caption = Rao on a 1969 stamp of India
| caption = Rao on a 1969 stamp of India
|birth_date =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1867|05|01}}
|birth_place = Pesaramilli, [[Krishna District]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| birth_place = Pesaramilli, [[Krishna District]], [[Madras Presidency]] (present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]])
|death_date = 11 April 1938
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1938|04|11|1867|05|01}}
|death_place =
| death_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]] (now Chennai)
|death_cause =
| death_cause =
|resting_place =
| resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
| resting_place_coordinates =
⚫
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] <small>
|residence =
</small>
⚫
|nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] <small>([[Telugu people|Telugu]])</small>
|other_names = Nageswara Rao Pantulu Garu
| other_names = Nageswara Rao Pantulu Garu
|known_for =
| known_for =
|education =
| education =
|employer =
| employer =
|occupation = [[Entrepreneur]], [[Journalist]], [[Publisher]], [[Politician]], [[Nationalist]], [[Theologian]], [[Social Reformer]]
| occupation = [[Entrepreneur]], [[Journalist]], [[Publisher]], [[Politician]], [[Nationalist]], [[Theologian]], [[Social Reformer]]
|title = Desoddhaaraka, Desabandhu, Viswadatha, Kalaprapoorna
| title = Desoddhaaraka, Desabandhu, Viswadatha, Kalaprapoorna
|networth =
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}}
}}


'''Kasinadhuni Nageswararao''', better known as '''Nageswara Rao Pantulu''', (1 May 1867 – 11 April 1938) was an [[India]]n [[journalist]], [[nationalist]], [[politician]], and a staunch supporter of [[Khadi|Khaddar]] movement.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA704|year=2005|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=704–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=G. Somasekhar|title=The Role Telugu Press In The Indian Freedom Movement|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/106043/8/08_chapter-2.pdf|website=Shodhganga|publisher=Sri Venkateswara University, Department of History|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref> He participated in the [[Indian independence movement]] and in the [[Indian National Congress]] party, including [[Mahatma Gandhi]]’s civil disobedience movement through [[salt satyagraha]]. He was conferred with the title ''Desabandhu'' (Friend of the masses) by the people of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He was conferred with the title ''Desoddhaaraka'' (Uplifter of the masses) by the [[Andhra Mahasabha]].<ref>p. 188, Salt Satyagraha in the Coastal Andhra, Ch. M. Naidu, Mittal Publications, First Edition, 1989.</ref> In 1935, the [[Andhra University]] honoured him with [[Kalaprapoorna]], an honorary doctorate of Literature.<ref>Report on Public Instruction, Madras (India : State). Education Dept, 1936.</ref><ref>ప్. 280, Who's who on Indian stamps, Mohan B. Daryanani, 1999</ref>
'''Kasinadhuni Nageswararao''', better known as '''Nageswara Rao Pantulu''', (1 May 1867 – 11 April 1938) was an Indian [[journalist]], [[nationalist]], [[politician]], [[Businessperson|businessman]], and a staunch supporter of [[Khadi|Khaddar]] movement.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA704|year=2005|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=704–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=G. Somasekhar|title=The Role Telugu Press In The Indian Freedom Movement|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/106043/8/08_chapter-2.pdf|website=Shodhganga|publisher=Sri Venkateswara University, Department of History|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref> He participated in the [[Indian independence movement]] and in the [[Indian National Congress]] party, including [[Mahatma Gandhi]]’s civil disobedience movement through [[salt satyagraha]]. He was conferred with the title ''Desabandhu'' (Friend of the masses) by the people of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He was a major financier of Congress activities in [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] and [[Chennai]] and is also known for patenting [[Amrutanjan (balm)|Amrutanjan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Stoddart|first=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZccTAwAAQBAJ|title=Land, Water, Language and Politics in Andhra: Regional Evolution in India Since 1850|date=2014-03-14|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-80975-3|pages=29–30|language=en}}</ref> He was conferred with the title ''Desoddhaaraka'' (Uplifter of the masses) by the [[Andhra Mahasabha]].<ref>p. 188, Salt Satyagraha in the Coastal Andhra, Ch. M. Naidu, Mittal Publications, First Edition, 1989.</ref> In 1935, the [[Andhra University]] honoured him with [[Kalaprapoorna]], an honorary doctorate of Literature.<ref>Report on Public Instruction, Madras (India : State). Education Dept, 1936.</ref><ref>ప్. 280, Who's who on Indian stamps, Mohan B. Daryanani, 1999</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Kasinadhuni Nageswararao, popularly known as Nageswararao Pantulu garu, was born on 1 May 1867 in Pesaramilli village, Pamarru [[mandal]] in [[Krishna district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] to a [[Brahmin]] couple, Bucchaiah and Syamalamba. He received his early education in his native place and later at [[Machilipatnam]]. He graduated from [[Madras Christian College]] in 1891.[[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]]’s articles in ''Vivekavardhini'' journal influenced him.
Kasinadhuni Nageswararao, popularly known as Nageswararao Pantulu garu, was born on 1 May 1867 in Pesaramilli village, Pamarru [[mandal]] in [[Krishna district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh|Andhra]] to a [[Brahmin]] couple, Bucchaiah and Syamalamba. He hailed from the prosperous Challapalli ''Samasthanam'' with his Shaivite father being the guru of the [[Yarlagadda Sivarama Prasad|Rajas of Challapalli]].<ref name=":0" />

He received his early education in his native place and later at [[Machilipatnam]]. He graduated from [[Madras Christian College]] in 1891. While studying in Chennai, Nageswararao married the daughter of a wealth Telugu Brahmin merchant.<ref name=":0" /> [[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]]’s articles in ''Vivekavardhini'' journal influenced him. He showed little interest in politics in his early life but he began to identify with [[Gandhism]] as his upbringing had convinced him that [[Hinduism]] needed social and religious reform.<ref name=":0" />


==Business==
==Business==
After a brief stint in business in [[Madras]], he went to [[Calcutta]] to work in an [[apothecary]] business for some time. Later, he went to [[Bombay]] to work in an office. But, he was restless and interested in starting his own business. He founded [[Amrutanjan Healthcare|Amrutanjan Limited]] in 1893 and invented Amrutanjan pain balm, which soon became a very popular medicine and made him a millionaire.<ref name=b1>{{cite book|title=Great Patriots of India Vol 1|year=1991|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=New Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTrs9MF9374C&pg=PA22|author=P. Rajeswar Rao|page=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=S. Muthiah|title=Madras Rediscovered |edition=6th|year=2008|publisher=East West|location=Chennai, India|isbn=978-81-88661-74-9|pages=220|chapter=11}}</ref>
After a brief stint in business in [[Madras]], he went to [[Calcutta]] to work in an [[apothecary]] business for some time. Later, he went to [[Bombay]] to work in an office. But, he was restless and interested in starting his own business. He founded [[Amrutanjan Healthcare|Amrutanjan Limited]] in 1893 and invented Amrutanjan pain balm, which soon became a very popular medicine and made him a millionaire.<ref name=b1>{{cite book|title=Great Patriots of India Vol 1|year=1991|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=New Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTrs9MF9374C&pg=PA22|author=P. Rajeswar Rao|page=22|isbn=9788170992806}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=S. Muthiah|title=Madras Rediscovered |edition=6th|year=2008|publisher=East West|location=Chennai, India|isbn=978-81-88661-74-9|pages=220|chapter=11}}</ref>


==Entry into journalism==
==Entry into journalism==
He approached Telugu people in Bombay, associated with them and worked for the welfare of Telugu people. He attended the National Congress meeting in [[Surat]] in 1907 and joined the freedom movement. He recognized the need for a [[Telugu language]] journal to campaign effectively for the freedom struggle and founded a weekly. ''[[Andhra Patrika]]'', in 1909 in Bombay. In 1914, he moved the journal to Madras and reformatted it as a daily newspaper. Later, in 1969, ''Andhra Patrika'' established an office in [[New Delhi]] under the leadership of [[T. V. Krishna]]. In January 1924, Rao launched a Telugu journal, ''Bharati''.
He approached Telugu people in Bombay, associated with them and worked for the welfare of Telugu people. He attended the National Congress meeting in [[Surat]] in 1907 and joined the freedom movement. He recognized the need for a [[Telugu language]] journal to campaign effectively for the freedom struggle and founded a weekly, ''[[Andhra Patrika]]'', in 1909 in Bombay. ''Andhra Patrika'' became the principle Telugu newspaper.<ref name=":0" /> In 1914, he moved the journal to Madras and reformatted it as a daily newspaper. Later, in 1969, ''Andhra Patrika'' established an office in [[New Delhi]] under the leadership of [[T. V. Krishna]]. In January 1924, Rao launched a Telugu journal, ''Bharati''.


==Desoddhaaraka==
==Desoddhaaraka==
Line 58: Line 59:


Because of his exertions during the first two decades of the century, as many as 120 libraries came into being in Andhra districts.
Because of his exertions during the first two decades of the century, as many as 120 libraries came into being in Andhra districts.

== Andhra Vignana Sarvasvam ==
[[Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao]], a prolific scholar and writer, conceived ''[[Andhra Vignana Sarvasvam]]'' in 1912 as an encyclopedia intended to provide comprehensive knowledge across various subjects to the Telugu-speaking community.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |author-link=Sisir Kumar Das |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&dq=komarraju+lakshmana+rao&pg=PA573 |title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy |date=2005 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |page=573 |language=en |quote=.... popularly called as Komarraju Lakshmana Rao. A scholar, pioneer in developing Telugu as a medium for modern education. First to start Encyclopaedia in South Indian languages as early as 1912.}}</ref> Following Lakshmana Rao's death in 1923, the project came to a standstill. Later, Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao revived the work and published revised and enlarged editions of the first three volumes. These were consolidated into two neatly bound volumes, each comprising 600 pages, in 1932 and 1934 respectively, with contributions from various scholars. However, Nageswara Rao passed away while the third volume was still in the press.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |author-link=Amaresh Datta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1172 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |date=1988 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |pages=1172–1173 |language=en}}</ref>


==Politics==
==Politics==
Line 87: Line 91:
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:People from Krishna district]]
[[Category:People from Krishna district]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Andhra movement]]

Latest revision as of 15:30, 9 December 2024

Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao
Rao on a 1969 stamp of India
Born(1867-05-01)1 May 1867
Pesaramilli, Krishna District, Madras Presidency (present-day Andhra Pradesh, India)
Died11 April 1938(1938-04-11) (aged 70)
Madras, Madras Presidency (now Chennai)
NationalityIndian
Other namesNageswara Rao Pantulu Garu
Occupation(s)Entrepreneur, Journalist, Publisher, Politician, Nationalist, Theologian, Social Reformer
TitleDesoddhaaraka, Desabandhu, Viswadatha, Kalaprapoorna

Kasinadhuni Nageswararao, better known as Nageswara Rao Pantulu, (1 May 1867 – 11 April 1938) was an Indian journalist, nationalist, politician, businessman, and a staunch supporter of Khaddar movement.[1][2] He participated in the Indian independence movement and in the Indian National Congress party, including Mahatma Gandhi’s civil disobedience movement through salt satyagraha. He was conferred with the title Desabandhu (Friend of the masses) by the people of Andhra Pradesh. He was a major financier of Congress activities in Andhra and Chennai and is also known for patenting Amrutanjan.[3] He was conferred with the title Desoddhaaraka (Uplifter of the masses) by the Andhra Mahasabha.[4] In 1935, the Andhra University honoured him with Kalaprapoorna, an honorary doctorate of Literature.[5][6]

Early life

[edit]

Kasinadhuni Nageswararao, popularly known as Nageswararao Pantulu garu, was born on 1 May 1867 in Pesaramilli village, Pamarru mandal in Krishna district of Andhra to a Brahmin couple, Bucchaiah and Syamalamba. He hailed from the prosperous Challapalli Samasthanam with his Shaivite father being the guru of the Rajas of Challapalli.[3]

He received his early education in his native place and later at Machilipatnam. He graduated from Madras Christian College in 1891. While studying in Chennai, Nageswararao married the daughter of a wealth Telugu Brahmin merchant.[3] Kandukuri Veeresalingam’s articles in Vivekavardhini journal influenced him. He showed little interest in politics in his early life but he began to identify with Gandhism as his upbringing had convinced him that Hinduism needed social and religious reform.[3]

Business

[edit]

After a brief stint in business in Madras, he went to Calcutta to work in an apothecary business for some time. Later, he went to Bombay to work in an office. But, he was restless and interested in starting his own business. He founded Amrutanjan Limited in 1893 and invented Amrutanjan pain balm, which soon became a very popular medicine and made him a millionaire.[7][8]

Entry into journalism

[edit]

He approached Telugu people in Bombay, associated with them and worked for the welfare of Telugu people. He attended the National Congress meeting in Surat in 1907 and joined the freedom movement. He recognized the need for a Telugu language journal to campaign effectively for the freedom struggle and founded a weekly, Andhra Patrika, in 1909 in Bombay. Andhra Patrika became the principle Telugu newspaper.[3] In 1914, he moved the journal to Madras and reformatted it as a daily newspaper. Later, in 1969, Andhra Patrika established an office in New Delhi under the leadership of T. V. Krishna. In January 1924, Rao launched a Telugu journal, Bharati.

Desoddhaaraka

[edit]

He was one of the founders of Andhra movement for a separate Andhra state from the Madras Presidency. He wrote and published several articles on the need for a separate Andhra state. He was the author of many of these articles.

Andhra Grandha Mala

[edit]

Besides being a journalist, Nageswara Rao was also a publisher of Telugu literature. In 1926, he launched a publishing house known as the Andhra Grandha Mala. This institution published as many as 20 books besides reproducing many Telugu classics as well as modern writings. Its output was low-priced in order to bring it within reach of the common man.

Because of his exertions during the first two decades of the century, as many as 120 libraries came into being in Andhra districts.

Andhra Vignana Sarvasvam

[edit]

Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao, a prolific scholar and writer, conceived Andhra Vignana Sarvasvam in 1912 as an encyclopedia intended to provide comprehensive knowledge across various subjects to the Telugu-speaking community.[9] Following Lakshmana Rao's death in 1923, the project came to a standstill. Later, Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao revived the work and published revised and enlarged editions of the first three volumes. These were consolidated into two neatly bound volumes, each comprising 600 pages, in 1932 and 1934 respectively, with contributions from various scholars. However, Nageswara Rao passed away while the third volume was still in the press.[10]

Politics

[edit]

Nageswara Rao was president of the Andhra State Congress Committee for four terms between 1924 and 1934.

He was involved in the salt satyagraha of the 1930s, led by Gandhi, and spent six months in prison for this. While in prison, Rao he wrote an exposition on the Bhagavad-Gita, a sacred text of India. He argued in this that the Bhagavad-Gita did not belong to a particular religion but rather to the entire humanity as a scripture of yoga for the spiritual enlightenment and prosperity of the entire world.

Recognition

[edit]

A postage stamp has been issued to commemorate him. Desodharaka Nageswara Rao Park is a four-acre urban park in Mylapore, Chennai, India.

Sri Bagh Residence

[edit]

The Kasinadhuni family Residence was a beautiful and famous building[11] situated at 103, Luz Church Road, Madras. The stately garden house was originally built by Justice PR Sundar Iyer. The house became a centre of patriotic activity with the visit of Mahatma Gandhi on 23 and 24 December 1932.[12] This area in Madras surrounding Sri Bagh residence came to be known as Nageswarapuram in his honor.

Sribagh Pact

[edit]

Sri Bagh Agreement as it is known is an agreement signed at the Sri Bagh Residence on 16 November 1937 and signatories to the agreement were K. Koti Reddy, Kalluri Subba Rao, L.Subbarami Reddy, Bhogaraju Pattabhi Seetharamayya, Konda Venkatappyya, Pappuri Ramacharyulu, R.Venkatappa Naidu, H.Seetharama Reddy. This was an agreement for development of Rayalaseema Region at par with coastal areas and part of the effort to bring in consensus among all the regions before formation of Andhra Pradesh carving out Telugu speaking areas from Composite State of Madras and unifying the areas of Nizam rule post independence of India. The agreement can be changed by mutual agreement.[12]

Death

[edit]

Nageswararao Kasinadhuni died on 11 April 1938, after which his son-in law and nephew S. Sambhu Prasad (Sivalenka SambhuPrasad) took over the reins of Andhra Patrika group of publications and Amrutanjan company.[12][7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sisir Kumar Das (2005). History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 704–. ISBN 978-81-7201-798-9.
  2. ^ G. Somasekhar. "The Role Telugu Press In The Indian Freedom Movement" (PDF). Shodhganga. Sri Venkateswara University, Department of History. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e Stoddart, Brian (14 March 2014). Land, Water, Language and Politics in Andhra: Regional Evolution in India Since 1850. Routledge. pp. 29–30. ISBN 978-1-317-80975-3.
  4. ^ p. 188, Salt Satyagraha in the Coastal Andhra, Ch. M. Naidu, Mittal Publications, First Edition, 1989.
  5. ^ Report on Public Instruction, Madras (India : State). Education Dept, 1936.
  6. ^ ప్. 280, Who's who on Indian stamps, Mohan B. Daryanani, 1999
  7. ^ a b P. Rajeswar Rao (1991). Great Patriots of India Vol 1. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 22. ISBN 9788170992806.
  8. ^ S. Muthiah (2008). "11". Madras Rediscovered (6th ed.). Chennai, India: East West. p. 220. ISBN 978-81-88661-74-9.
  9. ^ Das, Sisir Kumar (2005). A History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy. Sahitya Akademi. p. 573. ISBN 978-81-7201-798-9. .... popularly called as Komarraju Lakshmana Rao. A scholar, pioneer in developing Telugu as a medium for modern education. First to start Encyclopaedia in South Indian languages as early as 1912.
  10. ^ Datta, Amaresh (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 1172–1173. ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0.
  11. ^ S. Muthiah (2008). "11". Madras Rediscovered (6th ed.). Chennai,India: East West. p. 226. ISBN 978-81-88661-74-9.
  12. ^ a b c C. V. Raja Gopala Rao (2004). Andhra Patrika Charitra. Hyderabad: Press Academy of Andhra Pradesh. p. 327.
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